UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2025
OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from_______to________

Commission File Number: 001-41764

BV FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Maryland		14-1920944
(State of Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7114 North Point Road, Baltimore, MD, 21219

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(410) 477-5000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	BVFL	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller Reporting Company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 7, 2025, the registrant had 8,903,927 shares of common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	3
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	36
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	48
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	49
Signatures		50

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	(unaudited)

Assets
Cash	$	6,061		$	5,842
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks		57,485			64,658
Cash and cash equivalents		63,546			70,500
Equity investment		405			391
Securities available for sale		34,482			37,259
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $5,131 and $5,171, ACL of $2 and $4)		5,784			5,979
Total loans		746,072			737,760
Allowance for credit losses		(8,197	)		(8,522	)
Net loans		737,875			729,238
Foreclosed real estate		—			159
Premises and equipment, net		12,686			13,224
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta stock, at cost		656			1,366
Investment in life insurance		20,347			20,058
Accrued interest receivable		3,049			3,161
Goodwill		14,420			14,420
Intangible assets, net		696			831
Deferred tax assets, net		9,267			8,899
Other assets		6,173			6,336
Total assets	$	909,386		$	911,821
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	134,742		$	129,724
Interest-bearing deposits		529,048			521,767
Total deposits		663,790			651,491
FHLB borrowings		—			15,000
Subordinated debentures		35,000			34,883
Other liabilities		20,386			14,948
Total liabilities		719,176			716,322
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding; Common stock, $0.01 par value; 45,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 9,536,094 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and 10,645,284 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024		95			106
Paid-in capital		80,151			94,679
Retained earnings		118,185			109,495
Unearned common stock held by employee stock ownership plan		(7,023	)		(7,160	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,198	)		(1,621	)
Total stockholders' equity		190,210			195,499
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	909,386		$	911,821

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 1

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(unaudited)


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Interest Income	2025			2024			2025			2024
Loans, including fees	$	11,519		$	10,522		$	33,594		$	30,481
Investment securities available for sale		329			353			1,003			966
Investment securities held to maturity		46			83			139			266
Other interest income		633			1,192			1,938			3,058
Total interest income		12,527			12,150			36,674			34,771
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits		2,712			2,381			7,935			6,610
Interest on FHLB borrowings		—			—			194			—
Interest on subordinated debentures		465			466			1,396			1,985
Total interest expense		3,177			2,847			9,525			8,595
Net interest income		9,350			9,303			27,149			26,176
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		(1,014	)		(714	)		(539	)		(806	)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		10,364			10,017			27,688			26,982
Noninterest Income
Service fees on deposits		122			103			337			303
Fees from debit cards		183			175			524			529
Income from investment in life insurance		88			91			289			290
Gain on foreclosed real estate		26			—			26			—
(Loss) on sale of fixed assets		(8	)		—			(8	)		—
Other income		273			327			760			747
Total noninterest income		684			696			1,928			1,869
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and related benefits		4,064			3,494			12,606			9,714
Occupancy		415			396			1,238			1,242
Data processing		372			366			1,164			1,117
Advertising		5			6			14			16
Professional fees		239			400			718			757
Equipment		92			97			278			301
Foreclosed real estate and holding costs		2			(3	)		5			13
Amortization of intangible assets		45			45			135			135
FDIC insurance premiums		83			82			247			246
Other		561			590			1,405			1,751
Total noninterest expense		5,878			5,473			17,810			15,292
Net income before tax		5,170			5,240			11,806			13,559
Income tax expense		1,440			1,442			3,116			3,788
Net income	$	3,730		$	3,798		$	8,690		$	9,771
Basic earnings per share	$	0.41		$	0.35		$	0.89		$	0.91
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.41		$	0.35		$	0.88		$	0.91

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 2

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Net income	$	3,730		$	3,798		$	8,690		$	9,771

Other comprehensive income
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale		213			573			583			740
Income tax relating to securities available for sale		(59	)		(157	)		(160	)		(203	)
Other comprehensive income		154			416			423			537

Total comprehensive income	$	3,884		$	4,214		$	9,113		$	10,308

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 3

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024



(dollars in thousands)	Common stock			Paid-in capital			Unearned common stock held by ESOP			Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Total

Balance, June 30, 2025	$	103		$	91,854		$	(7,069	)	$	114,455	$	(1,352	)	$	197,991
Net income		—			—			—			3,730		—			3,730
Other comprehensive income
(net of tax of ($59))		—			—			—			—		154			154
Stock compensation		—			1,037			—			—		—			1,037
Repurchased shares to authorized and unissued		(8	)		(12,740	)		—			—		—			(12,748	)
ESOP shares committed to be released		—			—			46			—		—			46

Balance, September 30, 2025	$	95		$	80,151		$	(7,023	)	$	118,185	$	(1,198	)	$	190,210




(dollars in thousands)	Common stock			Paid-in capital			Unearned common stock held by ESOP			Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Total

Balance, June 30, 2024	$	114		$	110,694		$	(7,244	)	$	103,745	$	(1,837	)	$	205,472
Net income		—			—			—			3,798		—			3,798
Other comprehensive income
(net of tax of ($157))		—			—			—			—		416			416
Stock compensation		3			3			—			—		—			6
ESOP shares committed to be released		—			—			42			—		—			42

Balance, September 30, 2024	$	117		$	110,697		$	(7,202	)	$	107,543	$	(1,421	)	$	209,734

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 4

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024





(dollars in thousands)	Common stock			Paid-in capital			Unearned common stock held by ESOP			Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Total

Balance, December 31, 2024	$	106		$	94,679		$	(7,160	)	$	109,495	$	(1,621	)	$	195,499
Net income		—			—			—			8,690		—			8,690
Other comprehensive income
(net of tax of ($160))		—			—			—			—		423			423
Stock compensation					3,483			—			—		—			3,483
Repurchased shares to authorized and unissued		(11	)		(18,011	)		—			—		—			(18,022	)
ESOP shares committed to be released		—			—			137			—		—			137

Balance, September 30, 2025	$	95		$	80,151		$	(7,023	)	$	118,185	$	(1,198	)	$	190,210






(dollars in thousands)	Common stock			Paid-in capital			Unearned common stock held by ESOP			Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Total

Balance, December 31, 2023	$	114		$	110,465		$	(7,328	)	$	97,772	$	(1,958	)	$	199,065
Net income		—			—			—			9,771		—			9,771
Other comprehensive income
(net of tax of ($203))		—			—			—			—		537			537
Stock compensation		3			232			—			—		—			235
ESOP shares committed to be released		—			—			126			—		—			126

Balance, September 30, 2024	$	117		$	110,697		$	(7,202	)	$	107,543	$	(1,421	)	$	209,734

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 5

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	8,690		$	9,771
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Net accretion of discounts and premiums		116			(22	)
Recovery of credit losses		(539	)		(806	)
Amortization of deferred loan fees/costs		(50	)		545
Amortization of intangible assets		135			135
Amortization of debt issuance costs		117			117
Write-off fair market value of subordinated debentures		—			566
Depreciation of premises and equipment		604			625
Deferred tax (benefit) expense		(528	)		323
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance		(289	)		(290	)
Stock-based compensation expense		3,483			235
ESOP compensation expense		137			126
Decrease in accrued interest and other assets		578			1,663
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities		3,131			(858	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		15,585			12,130
Cash flows from investing activities
Increase in equity trading account		(14	)		—
Proceeds from maturities and principal payments of investment securities available for sale		17,244			8,440
Purchases of investment securities available for sale		(14,000	)		(12,500	)
Proceeds from maturities and principal payments of investment securities held to maturity		196			4,179
(Increase) decrease in loans		(8,041	)		11,830
Purchase of premises and equipment		(369	)		(594	)
Proceeds from sale of Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta stock		1,014			—
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta stock		(304	)		(28	)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(4,274	)		11,327
Cash flows provided by financing activities
Increase in official checks		2,611			56
Net increase in deposits		12,299			267
Decrease in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance		(153	)		(364	)
Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta		6,000			—
Repayment of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta		(21,000	)		—
Repayment of subordinate debt		—			(3,093	)
Repurchase of shares		(18,022	)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(18,265	)		(3,134	)
Net (decrease) and increase in cash and cash equivalents		(6,954	)		20,323
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		70,500			73,742
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	63,546		$	94,065
Supplementary cash flows information
Interest paid	$	8,318		$	7,729
Income taxes paid	$	2,425		$	4,190
Supplementary noncash transactions

Noncash investing and financing activities:
Net change on available for sale securities	$	(583	)	$	(366	)
Deferred tax assets		160			204
Net change in adjusted other comprehensive income		423			537

See notes to consolidated financial statements. 6

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Note 1 – Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

General

The unaudited consolidated financial statements and other financial information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of BV Financial, Inc. ("BV Financial," the "Company" or "we") included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Business

BV Financial was organized as a federal corporation and savings and loan holding company in January 2005 as part of the mutual holding company reorganization of Bay-Vanguard Federal Savings Bank. In February 2019, the Company became a Maryland-chartered corporation and a bank holding company.

Prior to consummation of its mutual to stock conversion in July 2023, BayVanguard, M.H.C., Inc. (the “MHC”) a Maryland-chartered mutual holding company, owned 86.3% of the outstanding common stock of the Company. On January 19, 2023, the MHC adopted a Plan of Conversion and Reorganization pursuant to which the MHC reorganized from the two-tier mutual holding company structure to the fully-public stock holding company structure (the “Conversion”). The Conversion was consummated on July 31, 2023 on which date the MHC ceased to exist. As part of the Conversion, the Company sold 9,798,980 shares of its common stock at a price of $10.00 per share. Each outstanding share of Company common stock owned by the public stockholders of the Company were converted into new shares of Company common stock based on an exchange ratio of 1.5309-to-1. The Company had 11,375,803 shares of Company common stock outstanding as a result of the Conversion.

The Company is a registered bank holding company subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”).

The Bank is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland and is a full-service community-oriented financial institution dedicated to serving the financial service needs of consumers and businesses. The Bank is engaged primarily in the business of attracting deposits from the general public and using such funds to originate one- to- four-family real estate, construction, multi-family, commercial real estate, farm, marine loans, commercial and consumer loans.

The Bank's deposits are insured up to the applicable legal limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's (the "FDIC") Deposit Insurance Fund. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and the Bank's subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation and Significant Estimates

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, goodwill impairment, and the valuation of deferred tax assets. The Company currently files state tax returns and pays state taxes in Maryland and Florida. The amount of taxes in each state is based on the revenues received in those jurisdictions. The Company is performing a study to determine whether there are additional states in which it has filing obligations and potential tax liabilities. The results of this study, which is expected to be completed in

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

the fourth quarter of 2025, may result in additional state tax liabilities and an adjustment to deferred tax assets, either of which could increase our income tax expense and have an adverse impact on our net income.

Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk

A significant portion of the Company's activities are with customers located within the Baltimore metropolitan area and on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The Company does not have any significant concentrations in any one industry or with any one customer.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, cash items in the process of clearing, and interest-bearing deposits with banks with original maturities of less than 90 days.

Securities

The Company classifies investment securities as held to maturity ("HTM") or available for sale ("AFS"). Debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and are reported at amortized cost (including amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts). Net unrealized gains and losses for debt securities classified as available for sale are recognized as increases or decreases in other comprehensive income or loss, net of taxes, and excluded from the determination of net income.

Equity securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net gains/losses in noninterest income.

Realized gains and losses on sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method and are included in earnings. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Premiums and discounts on callable debt securities are amortized through the earliest call date.

When the fair value of an AFS debt security has declined below its amortized cost basis, the Company is required to assess whether the decline is from a credit loss or other factors. For any security, an analysis is performed on the individual security using the latest available information to determine if the decline in fair value is attributable to a credit loss. If such determination is made, the Company would record an allowance for credit loss for the debt instrument. As of September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, we recognized no credit losses on AFS securities.

For HTM debt securities, an allowance will be recognized when lifetime credit losses are expected, in an amount that reflects the expected contractual credit losses, even when the risk of such loss is remote. Any security, either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. Government is excluded from this analysis. This includes U.S. Treasury securities, securities issued by agencies of the U.S. Government and mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The allowance for credit losses ("ACL") for HTM securities is computed using bond global default rates tracked by S&P with a loss given default of 45%. Accrued interest receivable on the HTM debt securities excluded from this analysis totaled $12,000 at September 30, 2025. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, the ACL for HTM securities was $2,147 and $4,163 respectively.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank System to hold stock of its district Federal Home Loan Bank (the "FHLB") in an amount determined by both asset size and borrowings from the FHLB. Purchases and sales of stock are made directly with the FHLB at par value.

The Bank held $656,000 and $1.4 million of FHLB restricted stock at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The restricted stock is carried at cost. Management evaluates whether this investment is impaired based on its assessment of the ultimate recoverability of the investment rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of the investment is influenced by criteria such as (1) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLB and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the FHLB.

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable are stated at unpaid principal balances, adjusted for premiums and discounts on loans purchased, the undisbursed portion of loans in process, net deferred loan origination fees and costs, fair value adjustments on loans acquired in a merger, and the allowance for credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees and costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to the yield of the related loans. The Company is amortizing these amounts over the contractual life of the loan using the interest method. For purchased loans, the related premium or discount is recognized over the contractual life of the purchased loan and is included as part of interest income. The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Interest received on non-accrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL includes quantitative estimates of losses for collectively and individually evaluated loans. The quantitative estimate for collectively evaluated loans (other than investor commercial real estate loans) is determined using the average charge-off method that utilizes historical losses for all Maryland banks with assets less than $1 billion beginning in March 2000. The loss history is updated through the most recent quarter-end prior to the reporting period. The investor commercial real estate portfolio utilizes the national loss history for banks with assets less than $1 billion over the same time period. Investor CRE loans are made nationwide, therefore, management deems it appropriate to utilize national loss rates when evaluating this portfolio. Adjustments are made to the historical loss factors under each scenario for economic conditions, portfolio concentrations, collateral values, the level and trend of delinquent and non-accrual loans and internal changes in staffing, loan policies and monitoring of the portfolio. Loans are selected for individual evaluation primarily based on their payment status and whether the loan has been placed on non-accrual status. Loans on non-accrual status include all loans greater than 90 days delinquent and other loans with weaknesses sufficient for management to place these loans on non-accrual status.

The ACL is measured on a collective basis when similar risk factors exist as determined by internal loan coding and assignment to a portfolio segment.

The Company utilizes reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions when estimating the ACL on loans. The model's calculation also uses an adjustment for a 12-month forecast period utilizing the most recent 12-month economic forecast from the Federal Reserve Board for national gross domestic product ("GDP"). The model compares the average history of loss rates described above to the forecasted GDP to determine the necessity and amount of any forward looking adjustment.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The establishment of the ACL is significantly affected by management's judgment and by economic and other uncertainties, and different amounts may be reported under different conditions or assumptions. The FDIC and the Maryland Office of the Commissioner of Financial Regulation, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the ACL for reasonableness and, as a result of such reviews, we may be required to increase our ACL or recognize loan charge-offs.

The calculation of ACL excludes accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are reversed in a timely manner against previously recognized interest income when a loan is placed on non-accrual status.

Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposure

The Company's off-balance sheet credit instruments primarily consist of unfunded commitments on existing loans. In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit. Such financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet when they are funded.

The Company records a reserve for unfunded commitments on off-balance sheet credit exposures through a charge to the provision for credit loss expense. The reserve is estimated by loan segment at each measurement date under the ASC 326 model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur, and is included in other liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets are composed of property acquired through a foreclosure proceeding or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure. If the fair value of the asset, net of estimated selling costs, is less than the related loan balance at the time of acquisition, a charge against the allowance for credit losses is recorded. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Revenues and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in noninterest income and expenses.

Premises and Equipment

Land is stated at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed based on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Expenditures for improvements are capitalized while costs for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. All of the Company’s leases are currently classified as operating leases and are included in other assets and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Periodic operating lease costs are recorded in occupancy expenses of premises on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease arrangements. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the expected future lease payments over the remaining lease term. In determining the present value of future lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. The operating ROU assets are adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, initial direct costs, any lease incentives received and, for acquired leases, any favorable or unfavorable fair value adjustments. The present value of the lease liability may include the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options provided in the lease terms. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance charges, are accounted for separately.

Investment in Life Insurance

Investment in life insurance is reflected at the net cash surrender value to the Company.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates it is likely an impairment has occurred. Any impairment of goodwill would be recorded against income in the period of impairment.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, consisting of core deposit intangibles, represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Core deposit intangibles are amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life. Core deposit intangibles are evaluated annually for impairment. Any impairment of intangible assets would be recorded against income in the period of impairment.

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and income tax basis of assets and liabilities based on enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not that such amounts will be realized based on consideration of available evidence. The Company currently files state tax returns and pays state taxes in Maryland and Florida. The amount of taxes in each state is based on the revenues received in those jurisdictions. The Company is performing a study to determine whether there are additional states in which it has filing obligations and potential tax liabilities. The results of this study, which is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2025, may result in additional state tax liabilities and an adjustment to deferred tax assets, either of which could increase our income tax expense and have an adverse impact on our net income.

Statements of Cash Flows

Cash and cash equivalents in the statements of cash flows include cash, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks. Federal funds are generally purchased and sold for one-day periods.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when: (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the appropriate period. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding as adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options based on the treasury stock method. Unearned ESOP shares are removed from the weighted average number of shares in the calculations. As of September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Company had 931,579 and 934,564 outstanding stock options, respectively. As a result of the Conversion, the number of shares subject to stock options and the exercise price of the options were adjusted to reflect the 1.5309-to-1 exchange ratio. Options with an exercise price greater than the average market price of the common shares are excluded from the calculation as their effect would be anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive options outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

Information related to the calculation of earnings per share is presented in Note 12.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the fair value method of accounting. For stock options, the Company uses a Black-Scholes valuation model to measure stock-based compensation expense at the date of grant. Compensation expense related to stock-based awards is recognized over the period during which an individual is required to provide service in exchange for such award.

At the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on September 5, 2024, the stockholders approved the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan. In September 2024, the Company granted 878,916 stock options and 343,562 shares of restricted stock.

Revenue Recognition

Management is required by accounting pronouncements governing the recognition of revenue to recognize revenue when the Company transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Under ASC 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of ASC 606. The Company evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity.

Accounting Standards Updates

ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures.” The amendments in ASU 2023-09 require an entity to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, which is greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the entity’s applicable statutory rate, on an annual basis. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions that are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Lastly, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to disclose income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The purpose of this amendment is to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of sales and research and development). The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact these changes may have on our consolidated financial statements.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Note 2 - Securities

Securities available for sale at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value

Available for sale
Agencies	$	423	$	—	$	1	$	422
Corporate securities		2,230		—		111		2,119
Mortgage-backed securities		21,201		11		1,566		19,646
Treasuries		12,280		15		—		12,295
Total	$	36,134	$	26	$	1,678	$	34,482


	December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value

Available for sale
Agencies	$	528	$	—	$	6	$	522
Corporate securities		1,727		—		192		1,535
Mortgage-backed securities		22,950		6		2,062		20,894
Treasuries		14,289		19		—		14,308
Total	$	39,494	$	25	$	2,260	$	37,259

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Securities held to maturity at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2025
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

Held to maturity
Corporate securities (1)	$	3,198	$	—	$	234	$	2,964
Mortgage-backed securities		2,586		3		422		2,167
Total	$	5,784	$	3	$	656	$	5,131


	December 31, 2024
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value

Held to maturity
Corporate securities (1)	$	3,196	$	—	$	336	$	2,860
Mortgage-backed securities		2,783		2		474		2,311
Total	$	5,979	$	2	$	810	$	5,171

(1) Amount is net of CECL credit reserve of $2,000 at September 30, 2025 and $4,000 at December 31, 2024.

The Company pledged securities with an amortized cost of $30.3 million and a fair value of $28.4 million at September 30, 2025 to secure deposits from municipalities. At December 31, 2024, the Company pledged securities with an amortized cost of $33.6 million and a fair value of $31.2 million to secure deposits from municipalities. The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the securities may be called or prepaid with or without prepayment penalties.


	September 30, 2025
	Available for sale				Held to maturity
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	cost		value		cost		value

Maturing
Due under one year	$	20,585	$	20,567	$	2,598	$	2,433
Due after one year through five years		3,535		3,537		842		771
Due after five years through ten years		1,697		1,551		303		291
Due after ten years		10,317		8,827		2,041		1,636
Total	$	36,134	$	34,482	$	5,784	$	5,131

All mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Investment securities with unrealized losses for continuous periods of less than 12 months and 12 months or longer are as follows:


	Less than 12 months				Over 12 months				Total
	Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair
September 30, 2025	losses		value		losses		value		losses		value
(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale
Agency securities	$	1	$	422	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	422
Corporate securities		—		—		111		1,619		111		1,619
Mortgage-backed securities		1		569		1,565		14,475		1,566		15,044
Total	$	2	$	991	$	1,676	$	16,094	$	1,678	$	17,085

Held to maturity
Corporate securities (1)	$	—	$	—	$	234	$	2,964		234		2,964
Mortgage-backed securities		—		3		422		1,951		422		1,954
Total	$	—	$	3	$	656	$	4,915	$	656	$	4,918

	Less than 12 months				Over 12 months				Total
	Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair
December 31, 2024	losses		value		losses		value		losses		value
(dollars in thousands)
Available for sale
Agency securities	$	6	$	522	$	—	$	—	$	6	$	522
Corporate securities		—		—		192		1,535		192		1,535
Mortgage-backed securities		—		214		2,062		18,400		2,062		18,614
Total	$	6	$	736	$	2,254	$	19,935	$	2,260	$	20,671

Held to maturity
Corporate securities (1)	$	—	$	—	$	336	$	2,860	$	336	$	2,860
Mortgage-backed securities		1		31		473		2,162		474		2,193
Total	$	1	$	31	$	809	$	5,022	$	810	$	5,053

(1) Fair value amount is net of CECL credit reserve of $2,000 at September 30, 2025 and $4,000 at December 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company determined that for its available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, it did not intend to sell nor was it more likely than not that it would be required to sell any security and that the decline in fair value was not due to credit factors, but due to changes in interest rates and other factors. Accordingly, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for its available-for-sale debt securities.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

We monitor the credit quality of HTM debt securities through both internal analysis performed on a quarterly basis and credit ratings when available. The following table reflects the credit ratings for the HTM debt securities at September 30, 2025.


(dollars in thousands)	AAA		A-		BBB/BBB+		BBB-		Not Rated		Total

Corporate securities	$	—	$	500	$	1,248	$	700	$	750	$	3,198
Mortgage-backed securities		2,586		—		—		—		—		2,586
	$	2,586	$	500	$	1,248	$	700	$	750	$	5,784

The following table provides a breakdown of our HTM debt securities by year of origination at September 30, 2025.


(dollars in thousands)	Total		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Corporate securities	$	3,198	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	750	$	2,448	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		2,586		—		—		—		1,791		84		711
	$	5,784	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,541	$	2,532	$	711

The following table is a roll forward of our allowance for credit losses on HTM debt securities at September 30, 2025 and 2024.


(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2025			Three Months Ended September 30, 2024			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Beginning balance	$	3		$	5		$	4		$	6
(Recovery) for credit losses		(1	)		(1	)		(2	)		(2	)
Ending Balance	$	2		$	4		$	2		$	4

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Note 3 – Loans Receivable

Portfolio loans, net of deferred costs and fees, are summarized by type as follows at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	Period Ended
	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Amount			Percent			Amount			Percent
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	158,585			21.26	%	$	141,867			19.23	%
One to four family - non owner occupied		94,377			12.65	%		99,824			13.53	%
Commercial owner occupied		80,209			10.75	%		82,614			11.20	%
Commercial investor		312,855			41.93	%		328,680			44.56	%
Construction and land		36,910			4.95	%		30,578			4.14	%
Farm loans		7,305			0.98	%		11,329			1.54	%
Total real estate loans		690,241			92.52	%		694,892			94.20	%

Marine and other consumer loans		15,183			2.04	%		16,772			2.27	%
Guaranteed by U.S. Government		2,231			0.30	%		2,902			0.39	%
Commercial		38,417			5.15	%		23,194			3.14	%
Total consumer and commercial		55,831			7.48	%		42,868			5.80	%

Total loans		746,072			100.0	%		737,760			100.0	%
Allowance for credit losses		(8,197	)					(8,522	)
Total loans, net of deferred costs and fees	$	737,875					$	729,238

Net deferred loan origination fees at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 totaled $2.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

In the normal course of banking business, risks related to specific loan categories are as follows:

Real Estate Loans – Real estate loans are typically made to consumers and businesses and are secured by real estate. Credit risk arises from the borrower’s continuing financial stability, which can be adversely impacted by the economy as well as borrower-specific occurrences. Also impacting credit risk would be a shortfall in the value of the real estate in relation to the outstanding loan balance in the event of a default or subsequent liquidation of the collateral.

Residential lending repayment is generally dependent on economic and market conditions in the Company's lending area. Commercial real estate, commercial and construction loan repayments are generally dependent on the operations of the related properties or the financial condition of its borrower or guarantor. Accordingly, repayment of such loans can be more susceptible to adverse conditions in the real estate market and the regional economy.

Marine Loans – Marine loans are typically made to consumers and are secured by boats. Credit risk is similar to real estate loans above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan. Marine loans may entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, as they are collateralized by assets that depreciate rapidly. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding and small remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower.

Other Consumer – Other consumer loans include installment loans and personal lines of credit which may be secured or unsecured. Credit risk is similar to real estate loans above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan, if any. Consumer loans may entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured or secured by assets that depreciate rapidly. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding loan and a small remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Guaranteed by the U.S. Government – Loans guaranteed by the U.S. Government do not present similar risks as reflected in the other categories mentioned herein because of an explicit guarantee is provided by the government, therefore substantially mitigating any risk of loss in the event of credit deterioration.

Commercial – Commercial loans are secured or unsecured loans used for business purposes. Loans are typically secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and/or other assets of the business. Credit risk arises from the successful operation of the business, which may be affected by competition, rising interest rates, tariffs, regulatory changes and adverse conditions in the local and regional economy.

Non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
	No		With an				No		With an
(dollars in thousands)	Allowance		Allowance		Total		Allowance		Allowance		Total
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	833	$	—	$	833	$	1,218	$	—	$	1,218
One to four family - non owner occupied		343		—		343		280		—		280
Commercial owner occupied		871		—		871		1,323		—		1,323
Commercial investor		416		—		416		772		—		772
Construction and land		26		—		26		26		—		26
Total real estate loans		2,489		—		2,489		3,619		—		3,619

Marine and other consumer loans		10		—		10		11		—		11
Commercial		631		380		1,011		—		380		380
Total consumer and commercial loans		641		380		1,021		11		380		391

Total nonaccrual loans	$	3,130	$	380	$	3,510	$	3,630	$	380	$	4,010

Loans can be current but classified as non-accrual due to customer operating results or payment history. All interest accrued but not collected from loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged-off is reversed against interest income. In accordance with the Company’s policy, such interest income is recognized on a cash basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status. Interest that would have been accrued under the terms of the non-accrual loans had such loans been performing according to their terms was approximately $217,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $245,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company considers a loan to be past due or delinquent when the terms of the contractual obligation are not met by the borrower. An analysis of days past due loans as of September 30, 2025 was as follows:


	September 30, 2025
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90+
	Days		Days		Days		Total		Current		Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Loans		Loans
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	390	$	357	$	739	$	1,486	$	157,099	$	158,585
One to four family - non owner occupied		53		46		77		176		94,201		94,377
Commercial owner occupied		691		81		—		772		79,437		80,209
Commercial investor		—		—		—		—		312,855		312,855
Construction and land		—		—		26		26		36,884		36,910
Farm loans		—		—		—		—		7,305		7,305
Total real estate loans		1,134		484		842		2,460		687,781		690,241

Marine and other consumer loans		43		4		10		57		15,126		15,183
Guaranteed by U.S. Government		—		—		—		—		2,231		2,231
Commercial		—		—		380		380		38,037		38,417
Total consumer and commercial loans		43		4		390		437		55,394		55,831

Total loans	$	1,177	$	488	$	1,232	$	2,897	$	743,175	$	746,072

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

An analysis of days past due loans as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:


	December 31, 2024
	30 - 59		60 - 89		90+
	Days		Days		Days		Total		Current		Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Loans		Loans
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	2,923	$	558	$	608	$	4,089	$	137,778	$	141,867
One to four family - non owner occupied		576		—		0		576		99,248		99,824
Commercial owner occupied		408		—		656		1,064		81,550		82,614
Commercial investor		0		—		—		—		328,680		328,680
Construction and land		299		—		—		299		30,279		30,578
Farm loans		—		—		—		—		11,329		11,329
Total real estate loans		4,206		558		1,264		6,028		688,864		694,892

Marine and other consumer loans		9		—		11		20		16,752		16,772
Guaranteed by U.S. Government		9		52		—		61		2,841		2,902
Commercial		—		—		380		380		22,814		23,194
Total consumer and commercial loans		18		52		391		461		42,407		42,868

Total loans	$	4,224	$	610	$	1,655	$	6,489	$	731,271	$	737,760

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables detail activity in the ACL at and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. An allocation of the allowance to one category of loans does not prevent the Company from using that allowance to absorb losses in a different category.


Three months ended	September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provisions (Recovery)			Ending Balance
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	2,211	$	—		$	3	$	(614	)	$	1,600
One to four family - non owner occupied		667		—			16		(37	)		646
Commercial owner occupied		495		—			—		(81	)		414
Commercial investor		3,733		—			—		(163	)		3,570
Construction and land		868		—			1		(147	)		722
Farm loans		97		—			—		(55	)		42
Total real estate loans		8,071		—			20		(1,097	)		6,994

Marine and other consumer loans		370		(3	)		1		(25	)		343
Commercial		718		—			—		142			860
Total consumer and commercial		1,088		(3	)		1		117			1,203

Total loans	$	9,159	$	(3	)	$	21	$	(980	)	$	8,197

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


Three months ended	September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provisions (recovery)			Ending Balance
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	1,627	$	—	$	3	$	(401	)	$	1,229
One to four family - non owner occupied		1,002		—		128		(414	)		716
Commercial owner occupied		514		—		—		(18	)		496
Commercial investor		3,709		—		—		605			4,314
Construction and land		745		—		1		(332	)		414
Farm loans		257		—		—		(157	)		100
Total real estate loans		7,854		—		132		(717	)		7,269

Marine and other consumer loans		434		—		—		(21	)		413
Commercial		259		—		—		60			319
Total consumer and commercial		693		—		—		39			732

Total loans	$	8,547	$	—	$	132	$	(678	)	$	8,001


Nine months ended	September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provisions (recovery)			Ending Balance
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	1,858	$	—		$	19	$	(277	)	$	1,600
One to four family - non owner occupied		742		—			47		(143	)		646
Commercial owner occupied		511		—			—		(97	)		414
Commercial investor		3,592		—			—		(22	)		3,570
Construction and land		940		—			2		(220	)		722
Farm loans		69		—			—		(27	)		42
Total real estate loans		7,712		—			68		(786	)		6,994

Marine and other consumer loans		399		(8	)		2		(50	)		343
Commercial		411		—			—		449			860
Total consumer and commercial		810		(8	)		2		399			1,203

Total loans	$	8,522	$	(8	)	$	70	$	(387	)	$	8,197


Nine months ended	September 30, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provisions (recovery)			Ending Balance
Real estate
One to four family - owner occupied	$	1,728	$	—		$	112	$	(611	)	$	1,229
One to four family - non owner occupied		1,030		(1	)		169		(482	)		716
Commercial owner occupied		563		—			3		(70	)		496
Commercial investor		3,725		—			—		589			4,314
Construction and land		772		—			3		(361	)		414
Farm loans		179		—			—		(79	)		100
Total real estate loans		7,997		(1	)		287		(1,014	)		7,269

Marine and other consumer loans		403		(3	)		1		12			413
Commercial		154		—			—		165			319
Total consumer and commercial		557		(3	)		1		177			732

Total loans	$	8,554	$	(4	)	$	288	$	(837	)	$	8,001

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table summarizes the ACL provision activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses - loans	$	(980	)	$	(678	)	$	(387	)	$	(837	)
Provision for (recovery of) allowance for securities - HTM		(1	)		—			(1	)		(2	)
Provision for (recovery of ) allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments		(33	)		(36	)		(151	)		33
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses per the consolidated statements of income	$	(1,014	)	$	(714	)	$	(539	)	$	(806	)

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Term Loans by Origination Year


(dollars in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at September 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving		Total
One to four family - owner occupied
Pass	$	28,419	$	22,815	$	5,335	$	7,559	$	12,576	$	70,214	$	11,083	$	158,001
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		331		253		—		584
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total One to four family - owner occupied	$	28,419	$	22,815	$	5,335	$	7,559	$	12,907	$	70,467	$	11,083	$	158,585
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

One to four family - non owner occupied
Pass	$	6,218	$	4,645	$	12,223	$	27,314	$	15,123	$	28,141	$	—	$	93,664
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		713		—		713
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total One to four family - non owner occupied	$	6,218	$	4,645	$	12,223	$	27,314	$	15,123	$	28,854	$	—	$	94,377
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial owner occupied
Pass	$	2,810	$	4,491	$	19,899	$	10,356	$	5,695	$	35,019	$	—	$	78,270
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		294		1,645		—		1,939
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial owner occupied	$	2,810	$	4,491	$	19,899	$	10,356	$	5,989	$	36,664	$	—	$	80,209
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial investor
Pass	$	20,152	$	35,136	$	61,530	$	81,483	$	65,613	$	48,525	$	—	$	312,439
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		416		—		416
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial investor	$	20,152	$	35,136	$	61,530	$	81,483	$	65,613	$	48,941	$	—	$	312,855
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Construction and land
Pass	$	5,560	$	28,111	$	274	$	1,954	$	471	$	514	$	—	$	36,884
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		26		—		26
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Construction and land	$	5,560	$	28,111	$	274	$	1,954	$	471	$	540	$	—	$	36,910
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Farm loans
Pass	$	—	$	313	$	—	$	304	$	1,754	$	4,934	$	—	$	7,305
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Farm loans	$	—	$	313	$	—	$	304	$	1,754	$	4,934	$	—	$	7,305
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Marine and other consumer loans
Pass	$	865	$	2,091	$	2,438	$	1,614	$	4,768	$	3,407	$	—	$	15,183
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Marine and other consumer loans	$	865	$	2,091	$	2,438	$	1,614	$	4,768	$	3,407	$	—	$	15,183
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8	$	—	$	8

Guaranteed by U.S. Government
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,231	$	—	$	2,231
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Guaranteed by U.S. Government	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,231	$	—	$	2,231
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial
Pass	$	9,541	$	6,993	$	199	$	1,410	$	10,613	$	8,650	$	—	$	37,406
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		380		—		631		—		1,011
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial	$	9,541	$	6,993	$	199	$	1,790	$	10,613	$	9,281	$	—	$	38,417
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


(dollars in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at September 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving		Total
Total Loans
Pass	$	73,565	$	104,595	$	101,898	$	131,994	$	116,613	$	201,635	$	11,083	$	741,383
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		380		625		3,684		—		4,689
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans	$	73,565	$	104,595	$	101,898	$	132,374	$	117,238	$	205,319	$	11,083	$	746,072

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Term Loans by Origination Year


(dollars in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		Total
One to four family - owner occupied
Pass	$	24,477	$	5,517	$	7,718	$	12,903	$	9,523	$	69,150	$	11,871	$	141,159
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		338		—		370		—		708
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total One to four family - owner occupied	$	24,477	$	5,517	$	7,718	$	13,241	$	9,523	$	69,520	$	11,871	$	141,867
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

One to four family - non owner occupied
Pass	$	5,483	$	13,078	$	28,690	$	16,470	$	9,607	$	25,782	$	1	$	99,111
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		232		481		—		713
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total One to four family - non owner occupied	$	5,483	$	13,078	$	28,690	$	16,470	$	9,839	$	26,263	$	1	$	99,824
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1

Commercial owner occupied
Pass	$	4,433	$	20,314	$	10,753	$	6,144	$	5,192	$	31,608	$	—	$	78,444
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		2,261		1,909		—		4,170
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial owner occupied	$	4,433	$	20,314	$	10,753	$	6,144	$	7,453	$	33,517	$	—	$	82,614
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial investor
Pass	$	41,332	$	65,585	$	99,623	$	71,681	$	15,340	$	34,347	$	—	$	327,908
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		772		—		772
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial investor	$	41,332	$	65,585	$	99,623	$	71,681	$	15,340	$	35,119	$	—	$	328,680
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Construction and land
Pass	$	26,399	$	1,113	$	863	$	1,279	$	—	$	898	$	—	$	30,552
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		26		—		26
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Construction and land	$	26,399	$	1,113	$	863	$	1,279	$	—	$	924	$	—	$	30,578
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Farm loans
Pass	$	315	$	—	$	4,131	$	1,787	$	—	$	5,096	$	—	$	11,329
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Farm loans	$	315	$	—	$	4,131	$	1,787	$	—	$	5,096	$	—	$	11,329
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Marine and other consumer loans
Pass	$	2,236	$	3,195	$	1,749	$	5,251	$	1,599	$	2,742	$	—	$	16,772
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Marine and other consumer loans	$	2,236	$	3,195	$	1,749	$	5,251	$	1,599	$	2,742	$	—	$	16,772
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	3

Guaranteed by U.S. Government
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20	$	2,882	$	—	$	2,902
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Guaranteed by U.S. Government	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20	$	2,882	$	—	$	2,902
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial
Pass	$	5,847	$	360	$	2,738	$	4,214	$	6,151	$	2,836	$	—	$	22,146
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		380		—		—		668		—		1,048
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial	$	5,847	$	360	$	3,118	$	4,214	$	6,151	$	3,504	$	—	$	23,194
Current Period Gross Write-off	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


(dollars in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		Total
Total Loans
Pass	$	110,522	$	109,162	$	156,265	$	119,729	$	47,432	$	175,341	$	11,872	$	730,323
Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard		—		—		380		338		2,493		4,226		—		7,437
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans	$	110,522	$	109,162	$	156,645	$	120,067	$	49,925	$	179,567	$	11,872	$	737,760

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management.

When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, such that additional general or specific loss allowances may be required.

In connection with the filing of our periodic reports with the FDIC and in accordance with our classification of assets policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

Through our loan evaluation process, we have identified certain loans for which the primary source of loan repayment may no longer be a viable option. The Company is dependent on the liquidation of the collateral to provide funds for repayment of the loan. The following table shows the loans determined by management to be collateral dependent at September 30, 2025.


	Loan Balance		Estimated Collateral Values		Loan Balance		Estimated Collateral Values
(dollars in thousands)	Real Estate		Real Estate		Business\Other Assets		Business\Other Assets
One to four family - owner occupied	$	833	$	4,467	$	—	$	—
One to four family - non-owner occupied		343		1,074		—		—
Commercial owner occupied real estate		871		2,250		—		—
Commercial investor real estate		416		1,500		—		—
Construction and land		26		666		—		—
Commercial		1,011		3,214		—		122
Marine and other consumer		10		—		—		50
Total	$	3,510	$	13,171	$	—	$	172

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Borrowers experiencing financial difficulty ("BEFD") modifications included in the collateral dependent schedule above, as of September 30, 2025 were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	Number of Loans		Amortized Cost
One to four family - owner occupied	8		$	1,002
One to four family - non owner occupied	1			125
Commercial owner occupied		—		—
Commercial investor real estate	1			416
Commercial	2			631

Total BEFD modification loans	12		$	2,174

Modifications on non-accrual	3		$	1,047

There was one BEFD modification past due as of September 30, 2025. This was a 1-4 family owner occupied loan with an amortized cost of $117,000.

The following tables detail the amortized cost basis for loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.


	Three months ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Term Extensions		Payment Deferral and Term Extensions		Total		Percentage of Total Loans
Commercial investor real estate	$	416	$	—	$	416		0.06	%
Total	$	416	$	—	$	416		0.06	%


	Nine months ended September 30, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Term Extensions		Payment Deferral and Term Extensions		Total		Percentage of Total Loans
One to four family - owner occupied	$	101	$	—	$	101		0.01	%
Commercial investor real estate		416		—		416		0.06	%
Commercial		631		—		631		0.08	%
Total	$	1,148	$	—	$	1,148		0.15	%

Note 4 - Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets are presented in the tables below.


(dollars in thousands)	As of September 30, 2025		As of December 31, 2024

Goodwill	$	14,420	$	14,420


	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net

Core deposit intangible	$	1,868	$	1,172	$	696	$	1,868	$	1,037	$	831

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

As of September 30, 2025 future estimated annual amortization expense is as follows:


Year ending
(dollars in thousands)
2025	$	45
2026		180
2027		180
2028		180
2029		72
Thereafter		39
Total Estimated Amortization Expense	$	696

Management performed its annual analysis of goodwill and core deposit intangibles during the third quarter of 2025 and concluded that there was no impairment at September 30, 2025. At September 30, 2025, management's analysis concluded that there were no changes in the Company's financial statements or operations subsequent to the annual analysis that would indicate that it was more likely than not that goodwill or core deposit intangible was impaired.

Note 5 – Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed real estate assets are presented net of the valuation allowance. The Company considers foreclosed real estate as classified assets for regulatory and financial reporting. Foreclosed real estate carrying amounts reflect management’s estimate of the realizable value of these properties incorporating current appraised values, local real estate market conditions and related selling costs. The Company had foreclosed real estate of $0 and $159,000 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Company incurred foreclosed real estate expenses of $2,000 and $0, respectively.

The Company had $288,000 and $84,000 in loans secured by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The table below shows the foreclosed real estate roll forward balance as of September 30, 2025.


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Beginning of period balance	$	159		$	160
Principal payments		(159	)		(1	)
End of period balance	$	—		$	159

Note 6 - Deposits

Deposits consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percentage	Balance		Percentage
Noninterest-bearing checking accounts	$	134,742	20.30%	$	129,724	19.91%
Interest-bearing checking accounts		76,665	11.55%		82,954	12.73%
Money market accounts		127,872	19.26%		121,558	18.66%
Savings accounts		131,182	19.76%		127,207	19.53%
Certificates of deposit		193,329	29.13%		190,048	29.17%
Total deposits	$	663,790	100.00%	$	651,491	100.00%

At September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Bank had two account relationships from local government entities that comprised 2.1% and 1.7% of total deposits, respectively. The Company had $50.3 million and $50.0 million of brokered certificates of deposits at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank had $26.4 million and $25.9 million in certificates of deposits of $250,000 or more, respectively. Deposits in excess of $250,000 may not be insured by the FDIC.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

At September 30, 2025 scheduled maturities of certificates of deposits are as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2025
Within one year	$	85,163
Year 2		11,428
Year 3		8,882
Year 4		12,950
Year 5		74,906
Thereafter		—
Total certificates of deposit	$	193,329

Note 7 - Borrowings And Subordinated Debt

A summary of the Company’s borrowings and subordinated debt at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are indicated as follows:


		September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Maturity	Balance		Rate	Balance			Rate
								—
Federal Home Loan Bank Advance	2025	$	—	—	$	15,000		4.57%
BV Financial Inc. Series 2020 Notes	2030		35,000	4.88%		35,000		4.88%
Total Borrowings, gross			35,000			50,000
Less: Debt issuance costs			—			(117	)
Total Borrowings, net		$	35,000		$	49,883

Note 8 – Lease Commitments And Contingencies

Operating Leases

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The table below details the right of use asset (net of accumulated amortization), lease liability and other information related to the Company's operating leases:


	Consolidated Balance
(dollars in thousands)	Sheet Classification	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024

Operating lease right of use asset	Other assets	$	765		$	926
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities	$	808		$	967

Other information related to leases:
Weighted average remaining lease term of operating leases		4.3 years			4.7 years
Weighted average discount rate of operating leases			4.48	%		4.40	%

The table below details the Company's lease cost, which is included in occupancy expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024

Operating lease cost	$	76	$	76	$	221	$	224

Cash paid for lease liability	$	60	$	58	$	177	$	172

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liability is as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	As of September 30, 2025
Lease payments due:
Within one year	$	248
After one but within two years		165
After two but within three years		75
After three but within four years		75
After four but within five years		75
After five years		210
Total undiscounted lease payments		848
Less: imputed interest		40
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	808

Note 9 – Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possible additional discretionary actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The Basel III Capital Rules became effective for the Bank on January 1, 2015 (subject to a phase-in period for certain provisions). Quantitative measures established by the Basel III Capital Rules to ensure capital adequacy require the maintenance of minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and Total capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital to adjusted quarterly average assets (as defined).

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

In connection with the adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules, the Bank elected to opt-out of the requirement to include accumulated other comprehensive income in Common Equity Tier 1 capital. Common Equity Tier 1 capital for the Bank is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities and subject to transition provisions.

Insured depository institutions are required to meet the following in order to qualify as "well capitalized:" (1) a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5%; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8%; (3) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10%; and (4) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%.

The maintenance of a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% is also required. The Basel III Capital Rules also provide for a "countercyclical capital buffer" that is applicable to only certain covered institutions and does not have any current applicability to the Bank. The aforementioned capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.


											To be well
											capitalized under
						For capital					prompt corrective
	Actual					adequacy purposes					action provisions
As of September 30, 2025	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 Leverage ratio	$	177,326		19.97	%	$	35,512		4.00	%	$	44,390		5.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	177,326		25.54	%	$	41,658		6.00	%	$	55,544		8.00	%

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio (to risk-weighted assets)	$	177,326		25.54	%	$	31,244		4.50	%	$	45,130		6.50	%

Total Capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets)	$	185,729		26.75	%	$	55,544		8.00	%	$	69,431		10.00	%


											To be well capitalized under
						For capital					prompt corrective
	Actual					adequacy purposes					action provisions
As of December 31, 2024	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 Leverage ratio	$	171,775		19.83	%	$	34,657		4.00	%	$	43,322		5.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	171,775		24.24	%	$	42,514		6.00	%	$	56,685		8.00	%

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio (to risk-weighted assets)	$	171,775		24.24	%	$	31,885		4.50	%	$	46,056		6.50	%

Total Capital ratio (to risk-weighted assets)	$	180,632		25.49	%	$	56,685		8.00	%	$	70,856		10.00	%

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company adopted ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” and ASC Topic 825, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which provides a framework for measuring and disclosing fair value under U.S. GAAP. ASC Topic 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of assets and liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheet in periods subsequent to initial recognition, whether the measurements are made on a recurring basis (for example, AFS investment securities) or on a nonrecurring basis (for example, individually evaluated loans).

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. AFS securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis such as loans held for investment and certain

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Under ASC Topic 820, the Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine the fair value. These hierarchy levels are:

Level 1 inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincides with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. Intra-quarter transfers in and out of level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are disclosed. There were no such transfers during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

Securities Available for Sale

AFS investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include agency and mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities (“GSEs”), municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities classified as Level 3 include asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

Equity Securities Carried at Fair Value Through Income

Equity securities carried at fair value through income are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 equity securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 equity securities include mutual funds with asset-backed securities issued by GSEs as the underlying investment supporting the fund. Equity securities classified as Level 3 include mutual funds with asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

Loans Receivable

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis; however, from time to time, a loan is individually evaluated and an ACL is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan are segregated individually. Management estimates the fair value of individually evaluated loans using one of several methods, including the collateral value, market value of similar debt, or discounted cash flows. Individually evaluated loans not requiring an allowance are those for which the fair value of expected

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investment in such loans.

In accordance with FASB ASC 820, loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral (loans with impairment) require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value of the collateral dependent loan is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. Fair value is reassessed at least quarterly or more frequently when circumstances occur that indicate a change in the fair value. The fair values of collateral dependent loans that are not measured based on collateral values are measured using discounted cash flows and considered to be Level 3 inputs.

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed real estate is adjusted for fair value upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, foreclosed real estate is reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based on independent market prices, appraised value of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 2 when the fair value is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the foreclosed asset at nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 measured at fair value on a recurring basis.


			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
			Quoted prices		Significant		Significant
			in active		other		other
			markets for		observable		unobservable
As of September 30, 2025	Total		identical assets		inputs		inputs
	(dollars in thousands)
Securities available for sale
Agencies	$	422	$	—	$	422	$	—
Corporate securities		2,119		—		2,119		—
Mortgage-backed securities		19,646		—		19,646		—
Treasuries		12,295		—		12,295		—
	$	34,482	$	—	$	34,482	$	—


			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
			Quoted prices		Significant		Significant
			in active		other		other
			markets for		observable		unobservable
As of December 31, 2024	Total		identical assets		inputs		inputs
	(dollars in thousands)
Securities available for sale
Agencies	$	522	$	—	$	522	$	—
Corporate securities		1,535		—		1,535		—
Mortgage-backed securities		20,894		—		20,894		—
Treasuries		14,308		—		14,308		—
	$	37,259	$	—	$	37,259	$	—

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Company may be required to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were included in the tables below.


			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
			Quoted prices		Significant		Significant
			in active		other		other
			markets for		observable		unobservable
As of September 30, 2025	Total		identical assets		inputs		inputs
(dollars in thousands)
Individually evaluated loans	$	3,510	$	—	$	—	$	3,510
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets		—		—		—		—
	$	3,510	$	—	$	—	$	3,510


			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
			Quoted prices		Significant		Significant
			in active		other		other
			markets for		observable		unobservable
As of December 31, 2024	Total		identical assets		inputs		inputs
(dollars in thousands)
Individually evaluated loans	$	4,010	$	—	$	—	$	4,010
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets		159		—		—		159
	$	4,169	$	—	$	—	$	4,169

Note 11 – Fair Value Of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments require disclosure of fair value information, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, when it is practical to estimate the fair value. A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual obligation which requires the exchange of cash. Certain items are specifically excluded from the financial instrument fair value disclosure requirements, including the Company’s common stock, foreclosed real estate, premises and equipment and other assets and liabilities.

The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Therefore, any aggregate unrealized gains or losses should not be interpreted as a forecast of future earnings or cash flows. Furthermore, the fair values disclosed should not be interpreted as the aggregate current value of the Company.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Company’s estimated fair values of financial instruments are presented in the following table.


		September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Fair value	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	hierarchy	amount		value		amount		value

Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	63,546	$	63,546	$	70,500	$	70,500
Equity investment	Level 1		405		405		391		391
Securities held to maturity	Level 2		5,784		5,131		5,979		5,171
Securities held to available for sale	Level 2		34,482		34,482		37,259		37,259
Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta stock	Level 2		656		656		1,366		1,366
Loans receivable	Level 3		737,875		734,840		729,238		722,005
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2		3,049		3,049		3,161		3,161

Financial liabilities
Deposits	Level 3	$	663,790	$	567,824	$	651,491	$	574,273
FHLB Borrowings	Level 2		—		—		15,000		15,000
Subordinated Debentures	Level 3		35,000		32,977		34,883		31,117
Accrued interest payable	Level 2		1,553		1,553		346		346

Note 12 – Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

Basic earnings per common share represent income available to common shareholders, divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. As a result of the Conversion, previously outstanding shares held by public stockholders were adjusted to reflect the 1.5309-to-1 exchange ratio. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may have been issued by the Company related to stock options were determined using the treasury stock method and included in the calculation of dilutive common stock equivalents.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, there were no stock options which were excluded from the calculation as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Basic and diluted earnings per share have been computed based on weighted-average common and common equivalent shares outstanding as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025				2024				2025				2024
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)	Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted

Net income	$	3,730	$	3,730	$	3,798	$	3,798	$	8,690	$	8,690	$	9,771	$	9,771
Weighted average common shares outstanding		9,079		9,079		10,752		10,752		9,778		9,778		10,686		10,686
Dilutive securities
Stock options		—		117		—		30		—		90		—		33
Adjusted weighted average shares outstanding		9,079		9,196		10,752		10,782		9,778		9,868		10,686		10,719
Earnings -per share amount	$	0.41	$	0.41	$	0.35	$	0.35	$	0.89	$	0.88	$	0.91	$	0.91

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Note 13 – income taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return with its subsidiaries. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. If it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized, deferred tax assets will be reduced by a valuation allowance. It is the Company's policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense.

The Company currently files state tax returns and pays state taxes in Maryland and Florida. The amount of taxes in each state is based on the revenues received in those jurisdictions. The Company is performing a study to determine whether there are additional states in which it has filing obligations and potential tax liabilities. The results of this study, which is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2025, may result in additional state tax liabilities and an adjustment to deferred tax assets, either of which could increase our income tax expense and have an adverse impact on our net income.


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2025			2024		2025			2024

Current expense
Federal	$	1,025		$	860	$	2,540		$	2,375
State		433			371		1,104			1,090
Total current expense		1,458			1,231		3,644			3,465
Deferred expense		(18	)		211		(528	)		323
Income tax expense	$	1,440		$	1,442	$	3,116		$	3,788

Note 14 – Segment Reporting

The Company operates a single reportable business segment that is comprised of commercial banking. The Company’s Co-CEOs are deemed the Chief Operating Decision Makers (“CODMs”). The CODMs evaluate the financial performance of the Company by evaluating revenue streams, significant expenses, and budget to actual results in assessing the Company’s single reporting segment and in the determination of allocating resources. The CODMs use consolidated net income to benchmark the Company against peers and to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Significant revenue and expense categories evaluated by the CODMs are consistent with the presentation of the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Note 15 – Subsequent Events

In a press release dated October 17, 2025, the Company announced the adoption and regulatory non-objection for a stock repurchase program for up to 10% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

Management’s discussion and analysis is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The financial information in this section is derived from the accompanying financial statements. You should read the financial information in this section in conjunction with the business and financial information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 27, 2025.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “intend,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•

statements of our goals, financial performance, intentions and expectations;

•

statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

•

statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

•

estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•

general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected, including as a result of unemployment levels and labor shortages, and any potential recession or slowed economic growth;

•

changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and charge-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;

•

changes in the economic assumptions and methodology used to calculate the allowance for credit losses;

•

our ability to access cost-effective funding;

•

changes in liquidity, including the size and composition of our deposit portfolio and the percentage of uninsured deposits in the portfolio;

•

fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

•

our continued ability to originate loans outside of our market area;

•

our ability to implement and update our business strategies;

•

competition among depository and other financial institutions;

•

inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations or prepayments on loans we have made and make;

•

adverse changes in the securities markets;

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

•

changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements and insurance premiums;

•

the imposition of tariffs or other domestic or international governmental policies and retaliatory responses;

•

changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

•

technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

•

system failure or cyber-security breaches of our information technology infrastructure;

•

the failure to maintain current technologies and/or successfully implement future information technology enhancements;

•

the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;

•

our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

•

our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

•

our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire, and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames and any goodwill charges related thereto;

•

changes in investor sentiment and consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•

changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

•

our ability to retain key employees;

•

our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and

•

changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law or regulation, we do not undertake, and we specifically disclaim any obligation to release publicly the results of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Critical Accounting Estimates

Our accounting policies are integral to understanding the results reported. We consider accounting policies that require management to exercise significant judgment or discretion or to make significant assumptions that have, or could have, a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets or on income to be critical accounting policies.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is an estimate of the expected credit losses for loans held for investment and for off-balance sheet exposures. ASC 326, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses," requires an immediate recognition of the credit losses expected to occur over the lifetime of a financial asset whether originated or purchased. Charge-offs are recorded to the ACL when management believes a loan is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL. Management believes the ACL is maintained in accordance with GAAP and in compliance with appropriate regulatory guidelines. The ACL includes quantitative estimates of losses for collectively and individually evaluated loans. The quantitative estimate for collectively evaluated loans (other than investor commercial real estate loans) is determined using the average charge-off method that utilizes historical losses for all Maryland banks with assets less than $1 billion beginning in March 2000. The investor commercial real estate portfolio utilizes the national loss history for banks with assets less than $1 billion over the same time period. Investor CRE loans are made nationwide, therefore, management deems it appropriate to utilize national loss rates when evaluating this portfolio. Adjustments are made to the historical loss factors under each scenario for economic

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

conditions, portfolio concentrations, collateral values, the level and trend of delinquent and non-accrual loans and internal changes in staffing, loan policies and monitoring of the portfolio. Loans are selected for individual evaluation primarily based on their payment status and whether the loan has been placed on non-accrual status. Loans on non-accrual status include all loans greater than 90 days delinquent and other loans with weaknesses sufficient for management to place these loans on non-accrual status. The ACL is measured on a collective basis when similar risk factors exist as determined by internal loan coding and assignment to a portfolio segment. The Company utilizes reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions when estimating the ACL on loans. The model's calculation also uses an adjustment for a 12-month forecast period utilizing the most recent 12-month economic forecast from the Federal Reserve Board for national gross domestic product ("GDP"). The model compares the average history of loss rates described above to the forecasted GDP to determine the neccessity and amount of any forward-looking adjustment. The establishment of the ACL is significantly affected by management's judgment and by economic and other uncertainties, and different amounts may be reported under different conditions or assumptions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Maryland Office of the Commissioner of Financial Regulation, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the ACL for reasonableness and, as a result of such reviews, we may be required to increase our ACL or recognize loan charge-offs. The calculation of ACL excludes accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are reversed in a timely manner against previously recognized interest income when a loan is placed on non-accrual.

Goodwill

The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets from acquisitions, or goodwill, is evaluated for impairment at least annually and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates it is likely impairment has occurred. Goodwill impairment is determined by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. In any given year, the Company may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is in excess of its carrying value. If it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is in excess of the carrying value, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, a quantitative impairment test is performed. In performing a quantitative test for impairment, the fair value of net assets is estimated based on analyses of the Company’s market value, discounted cash flows, and peer values. The determination of goodwill impairment is sensitive to market conditions and other key assumptions used in determining or allocating fair value. Variability in the market and changes in assumptions or subjective measurements used to estimate fair value are reasonably possible and may have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or results of operations. Our annual goodwill impairment test is performed each year as of September 30. The Company performed its 2025 goodwill impairment qualitative assessment and determined its goodwill was not considered impaired.

Deferred Income Taxes

At September 30, 2025, we had a net deferred tax asset totaling $9.3 million. In accordance with ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes,” we use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. If currently available information raises doubt as to the realization of the deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance is established. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We exercise significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities. These judgments require us to make projections of future taxable income. The judgments and estimates we make in determining our deferred tax assets are subjective and are reviewed on a regular basis as regulatory, economic or business factors change. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income may require us to record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance that results in additional income tax expense in the period in which it is recognized would negatively affect income. Management believes, based upon current facts, that it is more likely than not that there will be sufficient taxable income in future years to realize its federal and state deferred tax asset.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024

Assets. Total assets were $909.4 million at September 30, 2025, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 0.27%, from $911.8 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease was due primarily to the Company utilizing cash to repay $15.0 million in borrowings from the FHLB, offset by an increase in loans.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $7.0 million, or 9.9%, to $63.5 million at September 30, 2025 from $70.5 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease in cash was primarily a result of the pay-off of FHLB borrowings offset by deposit growth and securities repayments.

Loans. Loans receivable increased $8.3 million, or 1.1%, to $746.1 million at September 30, 2025 from $737.8 million at December 31, 2024. Increases in in owner occupied 1-4 loans, commercial loans and construction loans offset decreases in investor commercial real estate loans, non-owner occupied 1-4 loans, owner occupied 1-4 junior liens, owner occupied commercial real estate, marine and farm loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses – loans decreased $325,000 to $8.2 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $8.5 million at December 31, 2024. The ratio of our allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.10% at September 30, 2025 compared to 1.15% at December 31, 2024, while the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans was 233.5% at September 30, 2025 compared to 212.5% at December 31, 2024.

Securities. Securities available for sale decreased by $2.8 million, or 7.5%, from December 31, 2024 as paydowns and maturities were not fully replaced with new purchases. The held-to-maturity portfolio experienced a slight decrease due to paydowns.

Liabilities. Total liabilities increased $2.8 million, or 0.4%, to $719.2 million at September 30, 2025 from $716.3 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was due primarily to the increase in deposits and other liabilities offset by a decrease in borrowings.

Deposits. Total deposits increased $12.3 million, or 1.9% to $663.8 million at September 30, 2025 from $651.5 million at December 31, 2024. Interest-bearing deposits increased $7.3 million, or 1.4%, to $529.0 million at September 30, 2025 from $521.8 million at December 31, 2024. Noninterest bearing deposits increased $5.0 million, or 3.9%, to $134.7 million at September 30, 2025 from $129.7 million at December 31, 2024.

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity decreased $5.3 million, or 2.7%, to $190.2 million at September 30, 2025 from $195.5 million at December 31, 2024 a due to $17.7 million in stock repurchases offset by net income, a decrease in the accumulative other comprehensive loss and the impact of equity compensation plans.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

Average Balances and Yields. The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in the computation of average balances only. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts, and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense. Average balances exclude loans held for sale, if applicable. Net deferred loan origination fees totaled $2.3 million and $2.1 million at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025						2024
(dollars in thousands)	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate(1)	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate(1)
	(Unaudited)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	743,119		$	11,519	6.15%	$	690,170		$	10,522		6.05	%
Securities available-for-sale		35,107			329	3.72%		36,201			353		3.87	%
Securities held-to-maturity		6,465			46	2.82%		9,937			83		3.31	%
Cash, cash equivalents and other interest-earning assets		57,784			633	4.38%		86,322			1,192		5.48	%
Total interest-earning assets		842,475			12,527	5.90%		822,630			12,150		5.86	%
Noninterest-earning assets		63,948						68,767
Total assets	$	906,423					$	891,397

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	75,302			151	0.80%	$	79,652			207		1.03	%
Savings deposits		117,422			136	0.46%		128,918			89		0.27	%
Money market deposits		128,265			787	2.43%		108,518			669		2.45	%
Certificates of deposit		205,022			1,638	3.17%		173,751			1,416		3.23	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		526,011			2,712	2.05%		490,839			2,381		1.92	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		—			—	—		—			—		—
Subordinated debentures		34,983			465	5.27%		34,827			466		5.30	%
Total borrowings		34,983			465	5.27%		34,827			466		5.30	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		560,994			3,177	2.25%		525,666			2,847		2.15	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		137,179						140,039
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		16,191						18,101
Total liabilities		714,364						683,806
Equity		192,059						207,591
Total liabilities and equity	$	906,423					$	891,397
Net interest income				$	9,350					$	9,303
Net interest rate spread(2)						3.65%							3.71	%
Net interest-earning assets(3)	$	281,481					$	296,964
Net interest margin(4)						4.40%							4.49	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities		150.18	%					156.49	%

(1)

Annualized.

(2)

Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)

Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(4)

Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by current rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and volume.


	For the three months ended September 30, 2025
	Interest Income Increase (Decrease) Due to
	(In thousands)
	Volume			Rate			Total
Interest income:
Loans receivable	$	821		$	176		$	997

Investment securities AFS		(10	)		(14	)		(24	)
Investment securities HTM		(25	)		(12	)		(37	)
Total Investment securities		(35	)		(26	)		(61	)

Equity Investments		—			(3	)		(3	)
Short-term investments and other
interest-earning assets		(317	)		(239	)		(556	)
Total interest-earning assets	$	469		$	(92	)	$	377

Interest expense:
Deposits	$	181		$	150		$	331

FHLB Borrowings		—			—			—
Subordinated Debentures		(1	)		—			—
Total Borrowings		(1	)		—			(1	)
Total interest-bearing liabilities		180			150			330

Change in net interest income	$	289		$	(242	)	$	47

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2025						2024
(dollars in thousands)	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate(1)	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate(1)
	(Unaudited)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans	$	745,001		$	33,594	6.03%	$	701,310		$	30,481		5.79	%
Securities available-for-sale		35,580			1,003	3.77%		34,569			966		3.72	%
Securities held-to-maturity		6,801			139	2.73%		10,507			266		3.37	%
Cash, cash equivalents and other interest-earning assets		57,988			1,938	4.49%		74,720			3,058		5.46	%
Total interest-earning assets		845,370			36,674	5.80%		821,106			34,771		5.64	%
Noninterest-earning assets		64,424						68,985
Total assets	$	909,794					$	890,091

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	77,365			482	0.83%	$	83,683			681		1.08	%
Savings deposits		120,136			342	0.38%		138,474			250		0.24	%
Money market deposits		126,316			2,318	2.45%		96,724			1,496		2.06	%
Certificates of deposit		199,332			4,793	32.10%		174,896			4,183		3.19	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		523,149			7,935	2.03%		493,777			6,610		1.78	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		5,604			194	4.63%		—			—		—
Subordinated debentures		34,944			1,396	5.34%		35,139			1,985		7.53	%
Total borrowings		40,548			1,590	5.24%		35,139			1,985		7.53	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		563,697			9,525	2.26%		528,916			8,595		2.16	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		134,686						139,642
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		16,027						17,676
Total liabilities		714,410						686,234
Equity		195,384						203,857
Total liabilities and equity	$	909,794					$	890,091
Net interest income				$	27,149					$	26,176
Net interest rate spread(2)						3.54%							3.48	%
Net interest-earning assets(3)	$	281,673					$	292,190
Net interest margin(4)						4.29%							4.25	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities		149.97	%					155.24	%

(1)

Annualized.

(2)

Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)

Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(4)

Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by current rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and volume.


	For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
	Interest Income Increase (Decrease) Due to
	(In thousands)
	Volume			Rate			Total
Interest income:
Loans receivable	$	1,902		$	1,211		$	3,113

Investment securities AFS		26			11			37
Investment securities HTM		(76	)		(51	)		(127	)
Total Investment securities		(50	)		(40	)		(90	)

Equity Investments		1			(4	)		(3	)
Short-term investments and other
interest-earning assets		(573	)		(544	)		(1,117	)
Total interest-earning assets	$	1,280		$	623		$	1,903

Interest expense:
Deposits	$	438		$	887		$	1,325

FHLB Borrowings		194			—			194
Subordinated Debentures		(8	)		(581	)		(589	)
Total Borrowings		186			(581	)		(395	)
Total interest-bearing liabilities		624			306			930

Change in net interest income	$	656		$	317		$	973

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Net Income. Net income was $3.7 million or $0.41 per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $3.8 million or $0.35 per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Net income was $8.7 million or $0.88 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $9.8 million or $0.91 per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decreases were due to higher compensation expenses and smaller credits to the provision for credit losses offsetting higher net interest and other income.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $377,000, or 3.10%, to $12.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $12.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest income on loans, partially offset by a decrease in other interest income on cash and cash equivalents. Interest income on loans increased $1.0 million, or 9.5%, to $11.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $10.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 due to increases in the average balance and average yield on loans. The average balance of loans increased $52.9 million, or 7.7%, to $743.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $690.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The weighted average yield on loans increased 10 basis points to 6.15% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 6.05% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as variable rate loans reset to higher interest rates and the rates on new loans exceeded the rates on paid off loans due to the higher interest rate environment. Interest income on cash and cash equivalents decreased $559,000 to $633,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to a decrease in average balance of $28.5 million.

Interest income increased $1.9 million, or 5.5%, to $36.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $34.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest income on loans, partially offset by a decrease in other interest income on cash and cash equivalents. Interest income on loans increased $3.1 million, or 10.2%, to $33.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $30.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to increases in the average balance and average yield on loans. The average balance of loans increased $43.7 million, or 6.2%, to $745.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $701.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The weighted average yield on loans increased 24 basis points to 6.03% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 5.79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as variable rate loans reset to higher interest rates and the rates on new loans exceeded the rates on paid off loans due to the higher interest rate environment. Interest income on cash and cash equivalents decreased $1.1 million to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to a decrease in average balance of $16.7 million and a 97 basis point decrease in the yield.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $330,000 or 11.6% to $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $2.8 million at September 30, 2024. Interest expense on deposits increased $331,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024.

The increase in interest expense on deposits was due to a 13 basis point increase in the average rate, as well as a $35.2 million increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits to $56.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $490.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The average rate on interest-bearing deposits was 2.05% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 1.92% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as rates paid increased and depositors moved money into higher-cost certificates of deposit and money market accounts.

There were no interest expenses on FHLB advances for the three months ended September 30, 2025 or for the three months ended September 30,2024.

Interest expense on subordinated debentures was relatively unchanged at $465,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2025 compared to $466,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

Interest expense increased $930,000, or 10.8%, to $9.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $8.6 million at September 30, 2024. Interest expense on deposits increased $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to both higher volumes of interest bearing deposits and higher rates paid on these deposits.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The increase in interest expense on deposits was due to a 25 basis point increase in the average rate, as well as a $29.4 million increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits to $523.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $493.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The average rate on interest-bearing deposits was 2.03% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 1.78% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as rates paid increased and depositors moved money into higher-cost certificates of deposit and money market accounts.

Interest expense on subordinated debentures decreased $590,000, or 29.7%, to $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was due to the pay-off in the first quarter of 2024 of $3.0 million in junior subordinated debt assumed in a prior acquisition and the concurrent write-off of the purchase accounting adjustment on that debt.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income was $9.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $9.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 4.40% compared to 4.49% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was due to higher average balances of interest earning assets and higher yields on these assets offset by a higher average balance of deposits and higher rates paid on deposits.

Net interest income was $27.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $26.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 4.29% compared to 4.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was due to higher average balances of interest earning assets and higher yields on these assets offsetting the increase in interest expense due to a higher volume of deposits and higher rates paid on deposits.

Provision for Credit Losses. We recorded a reversal of the provision for credit losses of $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to a reversal of the provision for credit losses of $714,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. We recorded a reversal of the provision for credit losses of 539,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to a reversal of the provision for credit losses of $806,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Our allowance for credit losses was $8.2 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $8.5 million at December 31, 2024. The ratio of our allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.10% at September 30, 2025 compared to 1.15% at December 31, 2024, while the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans was 233.5% at September 30, 2025 compared to 212.5% at December 31, 2024.

Non-interest Income. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, noninterest income totaled approximately $684,000 compared to $696,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, noninterest income totaled $1.9 million.

Non-interest Expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, noninterest expense totaled $5.9 million compared to $5.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. Compensation and benefits increased $570,000, primarily due to the costs of the 2024 equity incentive plan. For the quarter ended September 30, 2024, the expenses of the 2024 equity incentive plan were only applicable for one month based on the grant dates of the awards. All other expense categories combined decreased by $165,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2025 when compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, noninterest expense totaled $17.8 million as compared to $15.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Compensation and benefits expense increased $2.9 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the expenses of the 2024 equity incentive plan were applicable for all nine months compared to one month for the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. The increase in plan expenses totaled $2.9 million in the 2025 year-to-date period when compared to the same period in 2024. All other expense categories combined decreased by $374,000 in the quarter ended September 30, 2025 when compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

Income Tax Expense. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025, income tax expense was $1.4 million for an effective tax rate of 27.9% and $3.1 million for an effective tax rate of 26.4%, respectively. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, income tax expense was $1.4 million for an effective tax rate of 27.5% and $3.8 million for an effective tax rate of 27.9%, respectively. The lower effective tax rate in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 was due to an accrual adjustment made in the first quarter.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Asset Quality. Non-performing assets at September 30, 2025 totaled $3.5 million consisting of $3.5 million in nonperforming loans and $0 in foreclosed real estate, compared to $4.2 million at December 31, 2024, consisting of $4.0 million in non-performing loans and $159,000 in foreclosed real estate. Commercial non-performing loans increased by $630,000 in the nine-month period due to a $660,000 loan relationship being placed on non-accrual status. These loans are secured with real estate and business assets. At September 30, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on loans was $8.2 million, which represented 1.10% of total loans and 233.5% of non-performing loans compared to $8.5 million at December 31, 2024, which represented 1.15% of total loans and 212.5% of non-performing loans.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity. Liquidity describes our ability to meet financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the FHLB. At September 30, 2025, we had a $162.5 million line of credit with the FHLB, and $23.0 million of FHLB in unfunded letters of credit used to secure municipal deposits. The Company also has a $20.0 million short-term unsecured facility from a correspondent bank.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and short-term investments, including interest-bearing demand deposits. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period. We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position.

We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Based on our deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of maturing time deposits will be retained. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may utilize FHLB advances, brokered deposits or raise interest rates on deposits to attract new accounts, which may result in higher levels of interest expense. At September 30, 2025, the Company had $50.3 million in brokered deposits compared to $10.0 million in brokered deposits at September 30, 2024. In addition, we had $55.3 million of municipal deposits at September 30, 2025, which represented 8.3% of total deposits. The Bank's uninsured deposits totaled $167.6 million, or 24.5% of total deposits, of which $48.2 million were secured using the market value of pledged collateral or letters of credit issued by FHLB, and an additional $19.2 million were deposits of the Company at the Bank.

Capital Resources. At September 30, 2025, the Bank exceeded all of its regulatory capital requirements and was categorized as well capitalized. Management is not aware of any conditions or events since the most recent notification that would change our category.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable, as the Company is a smaller reporting company.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2025. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company's evaluation of the risk factors applicable to it has not changed materially from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On July 30, 2024, the Company announced that it had adopted a stock repurchase program for up to 10% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock (approximately 1,138,772 shares). This program was completed in January 2025. On April 4, 2025, the Company announced that it had adopted a stock repurchase program for up to 10% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock (approximately 1,059,404 shares). The program had a scheduled expiration date of December 31, 2025 and has been completed.

The following table provides information on repurchases by the Company of its common stock under the Company’s Board approved program during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
At March 31, 2025		-		-		-		1,059,404
April 1 - 30, 2025		40,700		15.33		40,700		1,018,704
May 1 - 31, 2025		116,300		15.85		116,300		902,404
June 1 - 30, 2025		156,471		14.87		156,471		745,933
July 1 - 31, 2025		370,737		15.93		370,737		375,196
August 1 - 31, 2025		233,058		16.17		233,058		142,138
September 1 - 30, 2025		142,138		16.84		142,138		-
Total		1,059,404	$	15.92		1,059,404

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

BV FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 6. Exhibits


3.1		Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of BV Financial, Inc. (1)

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of BV Financial, Inc. (2)

31.1 31.2		Certification of Co- Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Certification of Co- Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.3		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		The following materials for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

(1)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (Commission File No. 001-41764), filed on July 31, 2023.

(2)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Commission File No. 333-270496), filed on March 13, 2023.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


		BV FINANCIAL, INC.

Date: November 13, 2025		/s/ Timothy L. Prindle
		Timothy L. Prindle Co-President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 13, 2025		/s/ David M. Flair
		David M. Flair
		Co-President and Chief Executive Officer


Date: November 13, 2025		/s/ Michael J. Dee
		Michael J. Dee
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer