Liquidity and Capital Resources
We generate cash primarily from our operations to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. Our principal uses of cash are operating expenses, capital expenditures, working capital needs, debt service, dividends on common stock, stock repurchases and strategic growth initiatives, including investments, acquisitions and collaborations. Our ability to generate cash in the future and our future uses of cash are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that may be beyond our control. We had total available cash and cash equivalents of $311 million and $1,495 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Of the available cash and cash equivalents, $300 million was deposited in operating accounts and $11 million was primarily invested in U.S. government backed securities and time deposits as of March 31, 2026, compared to $1,361 million deposited in operating accounts and $134 million invested primarily in U.S. government backed securities and time deposits as of December 31, 2025.
As of March 31, 2026, the total of cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $263 million, the majority of which was at our subsidiaries located in China, Switzerland, India and the Netherlands. We manage our worldwide cash requirements considering available funds among the subsidiaries through which we conduct our business and the cost effectiveness with which those funds can be accessed. As a result, we do not currently anticipate that local liquidity restrictions will preclude us from funding our targeted initiatives or operating needs with local resources.
We have not recognized any deferred tax liabilities associated with earnings in foreign subsidiaries, except for our subsidiary located in China, as they are intended to be permanently reinvested and used to support foreign operations or have no associated tax requirements. We have recorded a deferred tax liability of $3 million for the tax liability associated with the remittance of previously taxed income and unremitted earnings for our subsidiary located in China. The remaining deferred tax liabilities, if recorded, related to unremitted earnings that are indefinitely reinvested are not material.
Our liquidity requirements are significant, primarily due to our debt service requirements. In January 2026, we and ATI entered into Amendment No. 5 ("Amendment") to the Credit Agreement to increase the commitments under the existing Revolving Credit Facility from $750 million to $1,000 million and provide for the Incremental Term Loan in an aggregate principal amount equal to $1,200 million, which matures on January 2, 2033 with a springing maturity to the maturity date of the Term Loan in the event the Term Loan matures on any date prior to January 2, 2033. As of March 31, 2026, we had $508 million of indebtedness associated with ATI’s Term Loan, $1,200 million of indebtedness associated with ATI's Incremental Term Loan, $150 million of indebtedness associated with ATI's Revolving Credit Facility, $400 million of indebtedness associated with ATI’s 4.75% Senior Notes due October 2027 (“4.75% Senior Notes”), $500 million of indebtedness associated with ATI’s 5.875% Senior Notes due June 2029 (“5.875% Senior Notes 2029”), $1,000 million of indebtedness associated with ATI’s 3.75% Senior Notes due January 2031 (“3.75% Senior Notes”) and $500 million of indebtedness associated with ATI's 5.875% Senior Notes 2033 (together with the 4.75% Senior Notes, 5.875% Senior Notes 2029 and 3.75% Senior Notes, the “Senior Notes”). Our short-term and long-term debt service liquidity requirements consist of $1 million of minimum required quarterly principal payments on ATI’s Term Loan through its maturity date of March 2031, $3 million of minimum required quarterly principal payments on ATI's Incremental Term Loan through its maturity date of January 2033 and periodic interest payments on ATI’s Term Loan, Incremental Term Loan, Revolving Credit Facility and the Senior Notes. There are no required quarterly principal payments on the Senior Notes. Our long-term debt service liquidity requirements also consist of the payment in full of any remaining principal balance of ATI’s Term Loan, Incremental Term Loan and Senior Notes and any borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, upon their respective maturity dates.
We made $1 million of principal payments on the Term Loan during each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Our ability to make payments on and refinance our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures and growth initiatives will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future.