UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-40916

MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

86-3938682

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2105 West Cardinal Drive

Beaumont, Texas, 77705

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(866) 861-0788

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

Warrants to purchase common stock

MSAI

MSAIW

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 8, 2025, there were 34,574,485 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		1
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		2
	ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.	2
	ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.	16
	ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.	23
	ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.	24
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		25
	ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	25
	ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS	25
	ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	25
	ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	25
	ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	25
	ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION	25
	ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	26
SIGNATURES		27

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of (i) Infrared Cameras Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy ICI”) prior to the consummation of the transactions completed pursuant to that certain business combination agreement, dated as of December 5, 2022, as amended by Amendment No. 1, dated June 27, 2023, and Amendment No. 2, dated September 17, 2023 (the “Business Combination Agreement”, and the transactions contemplated thereby, the “Business Combination”), by and among SportsMap Tech Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy SMAP”), ICH Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Legacy SMAP (“Merger Sub”) and Legacy ICI, resulting in the merger (the “Merger”) of Merger Sub with and into Legacy ICI, with Legacy ICI surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legacy SMAP (which subsequently changed its name to MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.) and (ii) MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc. (“MSAI”) and its subsidiaries following the consummation of the Business Combination.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report may be forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “contemplates,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “targets,” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, the Company’s expected incurrence of significant expenses and continuing losses in the future, expansion of the Company’s SaaS capabilities and offerings, the Company’s expectations concerning the earning of subscription revenue, the Company’s expected future research and development costs and expected growth are forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in such statements, including, without limitation, the following:

●

continued low income, net losses, negative cash flows from operations and negative net working capital;

●

failure to maintain competitive sales prices or reduce costs;

●

failure to successfully manage the expansion of our SaaS capabilities and offerings;

●

incurrence of substantial research and development costs;

●

product recalls, product liability claims and any resultant impact on our reputation;

●

certain of the Company’s subscriptions are subject to cancellation without advance notice;

●

cost and availability of capital;

●

the loss of large customers; and

●

the inability to effectively grow our sales, network of distributors, or business prospects.

For a more detailed discussion of these and other factors that may affect our business and that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, see Part I. Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Part II. Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Annual Report”).

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. You should read this Quarterly Report and the documents that we reference in this Quarterly Report and have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by applicable law, we have no obligation and do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

Index to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

		Pages
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)		3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)		4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)		5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)		6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)		7

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MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,192	$	4,358
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $5 and $35, respectively		891		838
Inventories, current		4,358		4,180
Other current assets		936		1,140
Total current assets	$	9,377	$	10,516
Property, plant and equipment, net		4,480		3,963
Right-of-use assets, net		57		134
Inventories, noncurrent		701		865
Other noncurrent assets		14		—
Total assets	$	14,629	$	15,478
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,268	$	825
Income taxes payable		—		59
Accrued expense		1,049		1,095
Contract liabilities		2,215		483
Legacy SMAP promissory notes		—		172
Right-of-use liabilities, current		60		138
Other current liabilities		124		245
Total current liabilities		4,716		3,017
Contract liabilities, noncurrent		63		83
Warrants		10		10
Deferred tax liabilities, net		89		80
Total liabilities	$	4,878	$	3,190
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and 34,073,852 and 30,526,052 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		3		3
Additional paid-in capital		72,132		66,911
Accumulated deficit		(62,384)		(54,626)
Total shareholders’ equity		9,751		12,288
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	14,629	$	15,478

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue, net	$	1,419	$	2,125	$	2,589	$	4,400
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation)		1,084		538		1,560		1,707
Inventory impairment		—		—		—		234
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		2,909		2,810		7,048		5,974
Share-based compensation expense		423		3,326		1,330		3,326
Depreciation		330		298		610		571
Loss (gain) on asset disposal		(9)		—		(24)		—
Total operating expenses		3,653		6,434		8,964		9,871
Operating loss		(3,318)		(4,847)		(7,935)		(7,412)
Interest (income) expense, net		(11)		60		(15)		64
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—		—		—		475
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—		(9)		—		(38)
Loss on financing transaction		—		505		—		1,381
Other expense (income), net		5		978		(180)		978
Loss before income taxes		(3,312)		(6,381)		(7,740)		(10,272)
Income tax expense		10		12		18		44
Net loss	$	(3,322)	$	(6,393)	$	(7,758)	$	(10,316)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted
Basic		33,551,398		13,681,678		33,075,771		12,824,577
Diluted		33,551,398		13,681,678		33,075,771		12,824,577
Net loss per share, basic and diluted
Basic	$	(0.10)	$	(0.47)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.80)
Diluted		(0.10)		(0.47)		(0.23)		(0.80)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data)


								Total
				Additional		Retained		Shareholders’
	Common Stock			Paid- In		Earnings		Equity
	Shares	Amount		Capital		(Deficit)		(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2024	11,956,823	$	1	$	32,862	$	(33,131)	$	(268)
Net loss	—		—		—		(3,922)		(3,922)
Financing transaction shares	387,560		—		876		—		876
Conversion of convertible debt	540,897				4,475				4,475
Conversion of Legacy SMAP promissory note	41,016		—		200		—		200
Balance at March 31, 2024	12,926,296	$	1	$	38,413	$	(37,053)	$	1,361
Net loss	—		—		—		(6,393)		(6,393)
Equity-based compensation transactions, net	—		—		3,125		—		3,125
Equity line of credit commitment fee	171,821		—		500		—		500
Issuance of common stock	298,937		—		759		—		759
Inducement shares from conversion of debt	165,000		—		505		—		505
Conversion of convertible debt	307,690		—		1,695		—		1,695
Balance at June 30, 2024	13,869,744	$	1	$	44,997	$	(43,446)	$	1,552

Balance at January 1, 2025	30,526,052	$	3	$	66,911	$	(54,626)	$	12,288
Net loss	—		—		—		(4,436)		(4,436)
Equity-based compensation transactions, net	639,857		—		407		—		407
Issuance of common stock	1,791,732		—		4,657		—		4,657
Balance at March 31, 2025	32,957,641	$	3	$	71,975	$	(59,062)	$	12,916
Net loss	—		—		—		(3,322)		(3,322)
Equity-based compensation transactions, net	1,006,822		—		75		—		75
Issuance of common stock	109,389		—		82		—		82
Balance at June 30, 2025	34,073,852	$	3	$	72,132	$	(62,384)	$	9,751

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars)


	Six months ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2025		2024
Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(7,758)	$	(10,316)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash: provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation		610		571
Inventories impairment		—		234
Non-cash lease activity		77		77
Bad debt expenses (recoveries)		(1)		—
Deferred income tax expense		9		31
Share-based compensation		1,330		3,326
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment		(24)		—
Loss on financing transaction		—		1,381
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—		(38)
Non-cash equity line of credit commitment fee		—		500
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—		475
Increase (decrease) in cash resulting from changes in:
Trade accounts receivable		(52)		1,403
Inventories		(14)		(606)
Other current assets		204		586
Other noncurrent assets		(14)		—
Trade accounts payable		245		(1,505)
Income taxes payable		(59)		1,509
Contract liabilities		1,732		(1,169)
Other current liabilities		(121)		308
Right of use liabilities		(78)		(81)
Accrued expenses		(46)		3,396
Contract liabilities, noncurrent		(20)		107
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(3,980)	$	189
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures		(929)		(1,112)
Proceeds from sale of equipment		24		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	(905)	$	(1,112)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuances of common stock		4,739		558
Repayment of promissory notes		(172)		(200)
Tax payments associated with Share-based compensation transactions		(848)		—
Repayments of lines of credit		—		(356)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	3,719	$	2
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents		(1,166)		(921)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents beginning of period		4,508		1,155
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents end of the period	$	3,342	$	234

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at end of period
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,192	$	234
Restricted cash equivalents included in other current assets		150		—
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents end of the period	$	3,342	$	234

Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid	$	—	$	—
Income tax paid		110		—

Non-cash investing and financing transactions
Conversion of convertible notes	$	—	$	6,170
Conversion of Legacy SMAP promissory loan into common stock		—		200
Shares issued for Equity Line of Credit commitment fee		—		500
Inducement shares from Financing Transaction		—		1,381

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited; Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data)

Note 1 — Organization and Business Operations

MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc. (“MSAI,” “the Company,” “we” or “our”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries provide turnkey predictive maintenance and process control solutions, which combine cutting edge imaging and sensing technologies with AI-powered enterprise software. Our software leverages a continuous stream of data from thermal imaging, visible imaging, acoustic imaging, vibration sensing, and laser sensing devices to provide comprehensive, real-time condition monitoring for a customer’s critical assets, processes, and manufactured outputs. Our cloud and edge solutions are deployed by organizations to protect critical assets across a wide range of industries including distribution & logistics, manufacturing, data centers, and oil & gas. In tandem with these solutions, we provide various services for our customers including training, calibration, and repair. The Company is domiciled in Delaware and is a C corporation for tax purposes.

Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries are prepared in conformity with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The interim financial information is unaudited but reflects all normal adjustments that are necessary to provide a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. This interim information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from our audited financial statements.

Reclassifications

The Company has reclassified certain prior-year amounts to conform to the current-year presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Going Concern

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company is still developing its customer base and has not completed its efforts to establish a stabilized source of revenue sufficient to cover its expenses. The Company has suffered net losses, negative cash flows from operations, and negative net working capital. The Company expects to continue to incur losses or limited income in the future. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

In response to these conditions, the Company will continue to pursue obtaining additional liquidity which may include raising additional funds from investors (in the form of debt, equity, or equity-like instruments) and reducing operating expenses. However, these plans are subject to market conditions, and are not within the Company’s control, and therefore, cannot be deemed probable. As a result, the Company has concluded that management’s plans do not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates.

Customer Concentration

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 25% and 13% or $348 and $184 of total net revenue which is recorded under the entity’s one operating segment. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, one customer accounted for 22% or $578 of total net revenue, which is recorded under the entity’s one operating segment.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” to expand the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard may have on our financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued guidance that requires disaggregation of specific expense categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Prospective or retrospective application is allowed, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard may have on our financial statement disclosures.

Note 3 — Revenue

The following tables summarize the Company’s revenue, net disaggregated by type of product and service:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Hardware	$	874	$	1,723	$	1,627	$	3,745
Software		400		292		651		492
Services		145		110		311		163
Total revenue, net	$	1,419	$	2,125	$	2,589	$	4,400

The Company’s sales policy is not to accept returns of hardware once sold. However, in the first quarter of 2024, the Company recorded a sales return of $2,880, which was a reduction against revenue. This sales return was related to a transaction with a long-standing customer who also was a launch customer for MSAI Connect. There is no sales return reserve as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of sales of software subscriptions and related services, as well as repair and service agreements, where in most cases, the Company receives up-front payment and recognizes revenue over the term of 12-60 months. The Company classifies these contract liabilities as either current or non-current liabilities based on the expected timing of recognition of related revenue. Contract liabilities were $2,215 and $483 and non-current contract liabilities were $63 and $83 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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Note 4— Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes our property, plant and equipment, net:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Vehicles	$	36	$	292
Machinery, equipment, and demo		369		342
Internal-use software		6,521		5,422
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$	6,926	$	6,056
Less: accumulated depreciation		(2,446)		(2,093)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	4,480	$	3,963

Depreciation expense was $330 and $298 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Depreciation expense was $610 and $571 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively

Note 5 — Other Current Assets

The following table summarizes other current assets:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Prepaid expenses	$	451	$	158
Restricted cash equivalents		150		150
Prepaid inventory purchases and deposits		68		116
Other receivables		267		716
Total other current assets	$	936	$	1,140

The Company is required to maintain $150 to collateralize the Company's corporate credit cards. These funds are held in a money market fund invested in government-backed securities. Although the investment qualifies as a cash equivalent, the funds are not available for general use. As a result, these funds are classified as restricted cash equivalents under the caption Other Current Assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 6 — Inventories

The following table summarizes inventories:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Hardware	$	2,895	$	2,553
Parts and supplies		1,463		1,627
Inventories, current	$	4,358	$	4,180
Hardware		50		248
Parts and supplies		651		617
Inventories, noncurrent	$	701	$	865
Total inventories	$	5,059	$	5,045

The Company did not record an inventory impairment for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company recorded an inventory impairment of $0 and $234 for the six-months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

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Note 7 — Accrued Expense

The following table summarizes accrued expenses:


	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Salaries, wages, and payroll taxes payable	$	770	$	906
Professional fees		259		—
Other		20		189
Total accrued expense	$	1,049	$	1,095

Note 8 — Debt

Line of Credit

In December 2023, the Company entered into a line of credit agreement with First Insurance Funding. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company fully paid off and closed the line of credit. There was no outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Promissory Notes

In 2022, the Company borrowed $200 under an unsecured promissory note with a related party to fund short-term working capital needs. In the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repaid the promissory note in full. There was no outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In June 2023, the Company borrowed $375 under an unsecured promissory note to fund short-term working capital needs, which was fully repaid in July 2024. There was no outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In December 2023, the Company borrowed $200 under an unsecured non-interest-bearing promissory note with Legacy SMAP to fund short-term working capital needs. In the six months ended June 30, 2024, the promissory note was converted into shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.33 per share. There was no outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In April, May and November 2023, Legacy SMAP secured operational working capital of $1,524. The promissory notes were not interest bearing and were not convertible into any securities of the company. The promissory notes were to be payable upon consummation of an initial business combination; provided that the Company has the right to extend the repayment date for up to 12 months thereafter in the event that the minimum cash transaction is not met or would not be met but for such extension. The minimum cash transaction proceeds were not met at the closing of the Business Combination, and as such, the Company elected to extend repayment of the promissory notes beyond closing. On December 19, 2023, in connection with the Business Combination, $1,324 of the promissory notes were exchanged for an equal amount of financing notes (the “Financing Notes”). As of December 31, 2024, the balance outstanding was $172, which was repaid during the six months ended June 30, 2025. There was no outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025.

Financing Notes

On December 19, 2023, in connection with the Business Combination, the Company issued the Financing Notes to several accredited private investors in an aggregate principal amount of $6,805, including $2,324 of which were issued in exchange for other debt instruments as part of the Business Combination. During the three months ending March 31, 2024, $4,475 of the Financing Notes were converted into shares of Common Stock at a price of $5 per share, which resulted in a loss of $740 being recorded under Loss on Financing Transaction within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the three months ending June 30, 2024, the remaining $1,695 of the Financing Notes were converted into shares of Common Stock at a price of $5 per share, which resulted in a loss of $505 recorded under Loss on Financing Transaction within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Equity Line of Credit

On April 16, 2024, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with B. Riley Principal Capital II, LLC (“B. Riley”), pursuant to which, upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, in our sole discretion, to sell to B. Riley up to $25,000 of shares of the Common Stock (subject to certain limitations contained in the Purchase Agreement), from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement through a Market Open Purchase or an Intraday Purchase on any Purchase Date (each term as defined in the Purchase Agreement). Sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to B. Riley under the Purchase Agreement. The Company evaluated the Purchase Agreement to determine whether they should be accounted for considering the guidance in ASC 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts on an Entity’s Own Equity” and concluded that it is an equity-linked contract that does not qualify for equity classification, and therefore requires fair value accounting as a derivative. The Company has analyzed the terms of the freestanding purchased put right and has concluded that it had insignificant value as of June 30, 2025.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, at the time the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, as defined below, were signed, the Company issued 171,821 shares of common stock, to B.Riley as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the Purchase Agreement (the “Commitment Shares”). The cost of this on the effective date of the equity line of credit (“ELOC”) was $500. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, if the aggregate proceeds received by B. Riley from its resale of the Commitment Shares is less than $500 then, upon notice by B. Riley, the Company must pay the difference between $500, and the aggregate proceeds received by B. Riley from its resale of the Commitment Shares. On January 8, 2025, B.Riley notified the Company that it had sold the Commitment Shares, which resolved the liability. Accordingly, $185 was recorded in Other Income, Net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the six-month period ended June 30, 2025.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company utilized the B. Riley Committed Equity Facility to sell a total of 0 and 23,999 shares of Common Stock for cash proceeds totaling $0 and $58, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company utilized the B. Riley Committed Equity Facility to sell a total of 1,791,732 and 23,999 shares of Common Stock for cash proceeds totaling $4,657 and $58, respectively.

At the Market Sales Agreement

On March 28, 2025, the Company entered into an at market issuance sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as sales agent or principal (“B.Riley Securities”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), having an aggregate market value of up to $8,625 from time to time through B. Riley Securities. B. Riley Securities will be entitled to compensation at a fixed commission rate of the gross sales price of the shares of Common Stock sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we sold 109,389 shares under the Sales Agreement for cash proceeds totaling $82.

Note 11 — Earnings per Share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Numerator:
Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(3,322)	$	(6,393)	$	(7,758)	$	(10,316)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares:
Basic - common Stock		33,551,398		13,681,678		33,075,771		12,824,577
Diluted - common Stock		33,551,398		13,681,678		33,075,771		12,824,577
Basic net loss per share attributable to common shareholders	$	(0.10)	$	(0.47)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.80)
Diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders	$	(0.10)	$	(0.47)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.80)

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The fair value of the Company’s outstanding warrants as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, was $10 and $10, respectively, and was classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.


Fair Value Assumption – Warrants	June 30, 2025
Exercise Price	$	11.50
Warrant term		3.47 years
Maturity date		12/19/2028
Stock Price	$	0.60
Risk rate		4.27	%
Volatility		42.26	%


Fair Value Assumption – Warrants	December 31, 2024
Exercise Price	$	11.50
Warrant term		3.97 years
Maturity date		12/19/2028
Stock Price	$	1.84
Risk rate		4.27	%
Volatility		42.26	%

Note 15 — Income Taxes

The Company has determined that a discrete year-to-date method of reporting would provide more reliable results for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, due to the difficulty in projecting future results.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $10 and $12 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recorded income tax expense of $18 and $44 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, respectively. The Company maintains a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets and intends to do so until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of this allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company’s effective income tax rates were (0.30)% and (0.20)%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company’s effective income tax rates were (0.23)% and (0.43)%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 are below the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to losses generated by the Company and the Company's valuation allowance.

During 2024, the Company determined that it experienced an ownership change as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The result of the ownership change is subjecting tax attributes to an annual limitation which includes the utilization of the Company’s net operating losses. The Company will continue to monitor ownership changes throughout future periods. On July 4th, 2025, Congress passed the "Big Beautiful Bill" taking effect in tax year 2025. The Company is still analyzing the impacts of the bill, but does not expect it to have a material impact.

Note 16 — Segments and geographical information

The Company has one reportable and operating segment, the manufacturing and distributing of sensor-based systems, software, and services. The Company holds 99% of its assets within the United States. The Company derives revenue primarily in North America and manages the business activities on a consolidated basis. The following table summarizes revenue based upon the customers’ country of origin:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
United States	$	1,157	$	979	$	2,201	$	2,941
International		262		1,146		388		1,459
Total revenue, net	$	1,419	$	2,125	$	2,589	$	4,400

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The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM uses consolidated net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions. Net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results and to perform competitive analysis through benchmarking to competitors. The competitive analysis along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation.

The table below summarizes the significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the three-and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025, and 2024:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenue, net	$	1,419	$	2,125	$	2,589	$	4,400
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation)		1,084		538		1,560		1,707
Inventory Impairment		—		—		—		234
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		2,909		2,810		7,048		5,974
Payroll Expenses (including bonus)		1,413		900		3,199		1,952
Professional Fees		823		1,306		2,474		2,325
Other selling, general and administrative		673		604		1,375		1,697
Other operating expenses		744		3,624		1,916		3,897
Non-operating (income) expenses, net		(6)		1,534		(195)		2,860
Provision for income taxes		10		12		18		44
Net loss	$	(3,322)	$	(6,393)	$	(7,758)	$	(10,316)

See the condensed consolidated financial statements for other financial information regarding the Company’s operating segment.

Note 17 — Subsequent Events

In July 2025, the Company implemented a reduction in force (“RIF”) as part of a broader initiative to streamline operations and align the Company’s cost structure with its strategic priorities. The RIF impacted 10 employees across various departments. The Company expects to incur approximately $65 of expense, primarily related to severance payments.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this subsection to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Legacy ICI prior to the consummation of the Business Combination and the business of MSAI after the consummation of the Business Combination.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations provides information that our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”).

This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements based on the Company’s current assumptions, expectations and projections about future events that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or in other parts of this Quarterly Report. For more information on these and other factors, see “Forward-Looking Statements” herein.

Overview

The Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries provide turn-key predictive maintenance and process control solutions, which combine cutting edge imaging and sensing technologies with AI-powered enterprise software. Our software leverages a continuous stream of data from thermal imaging, visible imaging, acoustic imaging, vibration sensing, and laser sensing devices to provide comprehensive, real-time condition monitoring for a customer’s critical assets, processes, and manufactured outputs. Our cloud and edge solutions are deployed by organizations to protect critical assets across a wide range of industries.

We are focused on growing our position as a Software as a Service (SaaS) leader in predictive maintenance. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has approximately 610 active sensors connected to our MSAI Connect platform as compared to approximately 550 as of March 31, 2025, and 109 as of June 30, 2024. This represents an 11% increase quarter over quarter and a 460% increase year over year. We anticipate significant opportunities to drive increased recurring revenues with our solutions.

In the Distribution and Logistics market, we believe our solutions, through enhanced predictive maintenance, provide value by minimizing unplanned downtime to reduce labor and maintenance costs and increase throughput. During the quarter, subscription renewals for our global distributor launch customer commenced in June 2025 and cash was received for the subscriptions up-front for the 12-month subscription term. We have also expanded our applications with the global distributor customer during the quarter, launching pilot programs to monitor rooftop solar installations and critical power within a facility. As the global distributor’s operations become more automated, we have offered solutions to utilize continuous monitoring to multiply the impact of reliability and maintenance engineers, culminating in the launch of a pilot program in the global distributor’s last mile facilities, which are more numerous but more thinly staffed compared to the global distributor’s other facilities. During the quarter, we have also continued to refine our solutions and associated hardware with the global distributor to maximize the ROI realized, including utilizing less costly sensors with narrower field-of-view, where the application allows. Overall, we believe the relationship with our global distributor launch customer remains healthy and we made significant strides during the quarter to broaden the relationship and demonstrate the value of our solutions across a variety of applications. Our learnings from this launch customer are serving as a roadmap for additional customers in the Distribution and Logistics market.

In the Manufacturing market, our go-to market strategy centers on our early fire detection solution. During the quarter, we completed our first pilot implementation at a second Big-3 automaker to monitor lithium-ion battery packs for thermal runaway. We also partnered with our first Big-3 automaker to launch a pilot of dual-vision hardware sensors (both visual and infrared sensors) with the goal to further reduce false alarms from our early fire detection solution.

During the quarter, we added data centers to our target applications leveraging our existing solutions. Previous pilots completed in this space have demonstrated the value of our solutions in cooling management and server load-balancing. We plan to target this industry heavily in the second half of 2025.

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Regarding sensor hardware, we continue to de-prioritize stand-alone hardware sales, as we transition the Company away from a legacy in-house branded hardware provider to a manufacture-agnostic solutions partner.

Merger

On December 19, 2023, SportsMap Tech Acquisition Corp. (“Legacy SMAP”), through its subsidiary (“Merger Sub”), and Infrared Cameras Holdings Inc (“Legacy ICI”) consummated the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement initially entered on December 5, 2022, by and among Legacy SMAP, Legacy ICI, and Merger Sub (the “Business Combination”). Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, a merger of Legacy SMAP and Legacy ICI was effected by the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy ICI, with Legacy ICI surviving the Business Combination as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legacy SMAP. As a result of the consummation of the Business Combination, Legacy SMAP changed its name from “SportsMap Tech Acquisition Corp.” to “Infrared Cameras Holdings, Inc.” (“ICI”). In February 2024, ICI changed its name to “MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.” (“MSAI”).

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse acquisition. Under this method of accounting, Legacy SMAP is treated as the “acquired” company for accounting purposes. The net assets of Legacy SMAP were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Business Combination were those of Legacy ICI. Under this method of accounting, Legacy ICI has been determined to be the accounting acquirer, as it held the majority composition of the executive management and was greater in overall asset, revenue and employee size following the Business Combination.

Strategic Cost Optimization Initiatives

We have executed strategic cost optimization initiatives to align our expense base with current operations to enhance long-term profitability, preserve agility, and position MSAI for scalable and efficient growth. These initiatives include a reduction in employee headcount and professional fees, a consolidation of real estate, employee benefits realignment and vendor renegotiations.

Results of Operations

Three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to three months ended June 30, 2024

The following table presents summary results of operations for the periods indicated in thousands:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Amount		%
	2025		2024		Change		Change
Revenue, net	$	1,419	$	2,125	$	(706)	(33)	%
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation)		1,084		538		546	101	%
Inventory impairment		—		—		—	NM	%
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		2,909		2,810		99	4	%
Share-based compensation expense		423		3,326		(2,903)	(87)	%
Depreciation		330		298		32	11	%
Loss (gain) on asset disposal		(9)		—		(9)	NM	%
Total operating expenses		3,653		6,434		(2,781)	(43)	%
Operating loss		(3,318)		(4,847)		1,529	(32)	%
Interest (income) expense, net		(11)		60		(71)	(118)	%
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—		—		—	NM	%
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—		(9)		9	(100)	%
Loss on financing transaction		—		505		(505)	(100)	%
Other expense (income), net		5		978		(973)	(99)	%
Loss before income taxes		(3,312)		(6,381)		3,069	(48)	%
Income tax expense		10		12		(2)	(17)	%
Net loss	$	(3,322)	$	(6,393)	$	3,071	(48)	%

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Revenue: Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.4 million, compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in revenue is primarily attributable to reduced stand-alone hardware sales, in line with our strategic initiative of transitioning away from a hardware provider to a solutions provider. Software revenue grew 37% to $0.4 million as we continued to focus on growing our SaaS business. Revenue streams from each of our products and services are summarized below for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Hardware	$	874	$	1,723
Software		400		292
Services		145		110
Total revenue	$	1,419	$	2,125

Cost of Goods Sold: Cost of goods sold for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.1 million, compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in the cost of goods sold was primarily attributable to a shift in product-mix along with the wholesale clearance of certain legacy hand-held sensors during the three months ended June 30, 2025, resulting in a net loss of $0.2 million on the transactions.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense: Selling, general and administrative expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $2.9 million, compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily related to an increase of $0.5 million of payroll expense, partially offset by a decrease in professional fees of $0.5 million.

Share-Based Compensation Expense: Share-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $0.4 million, compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in share-based compensation expense is primarily related to 1,382,909 vested restricted stock units granted during the three months ended June 30, 2024 to certain employees upon the effectiveness of the Form S-8 related to the Business Combination.

Loss on financing transaction: There was no recorded loss on financing transaction for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in loss on financing transaction was the result of the Financing Notes being converted to equity in fiscal year 2024.

Other expense (income), net: Other expense (income), net for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $0.0 million as compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily associated with the Company’s ELOC. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company incurred a fee to enter into the ELOC arrangement of $0.5 million along with a make-whole obligation which was subsequently remeasured based on the stock price as of June 30, 2024, incurring a $0.2 million loss.

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Six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to six months ended June 30, 2024

The following table presents summary results of operations for the periods indicated in thousands:


	Six Months Ended June 30,				Amount		%
	2025		2024		Change		Change
Revenue, net	$	2,589	$	4,400	$	(1,811)	(41)	%
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of depreciation)		1,560		1,707		(147)	(9)	%
Inventory impairment		—		234		(234)	NM	%
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative		7,048		5,974		1,074	18	%
Share-based compensation expense		1,330		3,326		(1,996)	(60)	%
Depreciation		610		571		39	7	%
Loss (gain) on asset disposal		(24)		—		(24)	NM	%
Total operating expenses		8,964		9,871		(907)	(9)	%
Operating loss		(7,935)		(7,412)		(523)	7	%
Interest (income) expense, net		(15)		64		(79)	(123)	%
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—		475		(475)	NM	%
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—		(38)		38	(100)	%
Loss on financing transaction		—		1,381		(1,381)	(100)	%
Other expense (income), net		(180)		978		(1,158)	(118)	%
Loss before income taxes		(7,740)		(10,272)		2,532	(25)	%
Income tax expense		18		44		(26)	(59)	%
Net loss	$	(7,758)	$	(10,316)	$	2,558	(25)	%

Revenue: Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $2.6 million, compared to $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in revenue is primarily attributable to reduced stand-alone hardware sales, in line with our strategic initiative of transitioning away from a hardware provider to a solutions provider. Software revenue grew 32% to $0.7 million as the Company continues to focus on growing our SaaS business. Revenue streams from each of our products and services are summarized below for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Hardware	$	1,627	$	3,745
Software		651		492
Services		311		163
Total revenue	$	2,589	$	4,400

Cost of Goods Sold: Cost of goods sold for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.5 million, compared to $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in cost of goods sold was attributable to a decrease in the quantity of sensor hardware sold as well as a change in product mix.

Inventory Impairment: The decrease in inventory impairment was due to no impairment recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense: Selling, general and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $7.0 million, compared to $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily related to increased payroll expenses of $1.2 million and increased professional fees of $0.1 million, which were partially offset by a reduction of $0.3 million in other selling, general, and administrative expenses.

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The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the GAAP financial measure of net income for each of the periods indicated (unaudited), in thousands:

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Adjusted EBITDA	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net loss	$	(3,322)	$	(6,393)	$	(7,758)	$	(10,316)
Interest (income) expense, net		(11)		60		(15)		64
Income tax expense		10		12		18		44
Depreciation		330		298		610		571
EBITDA	$	(2,993)	$	(6,023)	$	(7,145)	$	(9,637)
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—		—		—		475
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—		(9)		—		(38)
Share-based compensation expense		423		3,326		1,330		3,326
Inventory impairment		—		—		—		234
Loss on financing transaction		—		505		—		1,381
Other expense (income), net		5		978		(180)		978
Loss (gain) on asset disposal		(9)		—		(24)		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(2,574)	$	(1,223)	$	(6,019)	$	(3,281)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We incurred losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. We have historically funded our operations with internally generated cash flows, equity financings, lines of credit, debt, convertible notes, and promissory notes with shareholders and related parties.

We will require additional capital in order to execute on our business plan and may require capital to fund our operations or to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances, and we may determine to raise capital through equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons, including the Sales Agreement and the Purchase Agreement. In order to stay on our anticipated growth trajectory and to further business relationships with current or potential customers or partners, or for other reasons, we may issue equity or equity-linked securities to such current or potential customers or partners. We may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all, as these plans are subject to market conditions and are not within the Company’s control. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in implementing their plans. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities or if we issue equity or equity-linked securities to current or potential customers to further business relationships, our existing shareholders could experience significant dilution. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited and our business could be materially and adversely affected.

As noted in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, there is substantial doubt as to our ability to fund our planned operations for the next twelve months and to continue to operate as a going concern. We have assessed our ability to continue as a going concern, and, based on our need to raise additional capital to finance our future operations, recurring losses from operations incurred since inception, and expectation of continuing operating losses for the foreseeable future, we have concluded that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

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Equity Line of Credit

On April 16, 2024, we entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with B. Riley Principal Capital II, LLC (“B Riley”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to B. Riley up to $25.0 million worth of Common Stock over the term of the Purchase Agreement, beginning only after certain conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement have been satisfied, including that an amendment to the registration statement registering the Purchase Shares for resale shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company utilized the B. Riley Committed Equity Facility to sell a total of 0 and 23,999 shares of Common Stock for cash proceeds totaling $0 and $58 thousand, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company utilized the B. Riley Committed Equity Facility to sell a total of 1,791,732 and 23,999 shares of Common Stock for cash proceeds totaling $4.7 million and $58 thousand respectively.

At the Market Sales Agreement

On March 28, 2025, we entered into the Sales Agreement with B. Riley Securities providing for the sale of up to $8.6 million as set forth in the Sales Agreement. B. Riley Securities is entitled to compensation at a fixed commission rate of the gross sales price of the shares of Common Stock sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we sold 109,389 shares under the Sales Agreement for cash proceeds totaling $82 thousand.

Cash Flows

Six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to six months ended June 30, 2024

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated, in thousands:


	Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(3,980)	$	189
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(905)		(1,112)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		3,719		2
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents	$	(1,166)	$	(921)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $4.2 million as compared to $0.2 million of net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily related to timing of payments for outstanding liabilities and changes in the timing of collections from customers.

Investment Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $0.2 million as compared to $1.1 million of net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease is primarily related to a decrease in cash paid for capital expenditures.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $3.7 million as compared to $0.0 million of net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities is primarily attributable to $4.8 million in proceeds from stock sales during the six months ended June 30, 2025, offset by $0.8 million of tax payments associated with share-based compensation transactions.

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Contractual Obligations

Our principal commitments consist of lease obligations for our corporate office and production facility. The net present value of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2025 is $0.1 million. The net present value of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024 is $0.1 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2025, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in our 2024 Annual Report. There have been no significant and material changes in our Critical Accounting Polices and Estimates since the 2024 Annual Report.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Note 2 of the notes to our annual consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Annual Report for our assessment of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such a time as those standards apply to private companies.

Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company”, we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the CEO’s compensation to median employee compensation or (v) comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we have elected to opt out of this extended exemption period discussed (v) and will therefore comply with new or revised accounting standards on the applicable dates on which the adoption of such standards are required for non-emerging growth companies. We may take advantage of these exemptions until December 31, 2026, or until we are no longer an emerging growth company, whichever is earlier. We will cease to be an emerging growth company prior to the end of such five-year period if certain earlier events occur, including if we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.


		Incorporated by Reference
					Filed /
					Furnished
Exhibit	Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date	Herewith
2.1†	Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 5. 2022, by and among SportsMap Tech Acquisition Corp., Infrared Cameras Holdings, Inc., and ICH Merger Sub Inc.	8-K	2.1	12/6/2022
2.2	Amendment No. 1 to Business Combination Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2023, by and among SportsMap Tech Acquisition Corp., Infrared Cameras Holdings, Inc., and ICH Merger Sub Inc.	8-K	2.2	6/28/2023
2.3	Amendment No. 2 to Business Combination Agreement, dated September 17, 2023, by and among SportsMap Tech Acquisition Corp., Infrared Cameras Holdings, Inc., and ICH Merger Sub Inc.	8-K	2.2	9/20/2023
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc., as amended through February 12, 2024	10-K	3.1	3/28/2025
3.2	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.	10-K	3.2	3/28/2025
10.1	Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, by and between MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc. and Asim Akram, dated May 31, 2025	8-K	10.1	6/20/2025
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer				*
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer				*
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer				**
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer				**
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

	MultiSensor AI Holdings, Inc.
Date: August 13, 2025
	By:	/s/ Asim Akram
		Asim Akram
		Chief Executive Officer and President
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: August 13, 2025
	By:	/s/ Robert Nadolny
		Robert Nadolny
		Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
		(Principal Financial Officer and
		Principal Accounting Officer)