UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
_________________________________________________
FORM 10-K
(Mark one)
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the transition period from   to
_________________________________________________
ZURN ELKAY WATER SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware001-3547520-5197013
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(Commission File Number)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
511 W. Freshwater Way53204
Milwaukee,Wisconsin
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (855) 480-5050
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock $.01 par valueZWSThe New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
__________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ☒    No   ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes  ☐     No  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  ☒    Accelerated filer  ☐    Non-accelerated filer  ☐    Smaller reporting company  ☐ Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐   

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No   ☒

As of June 28, 2024, the aggregate market value of the shares of common stock (based upon the $29.40 closing price on the New York Stock Exchange on June 28, 2024, the last trading day of the registrant's second fiscal quarter) held by non-affiliates (excludes shares reported as beneficially owned by then-current directors and executive officers - does not constitute an admission as to affiliate status) was approximately $4.9 billion.
As of February 5, 2025, there were 170,056,256 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III of this Report on Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's annual meeting of stockholders, to be held on or about May 1, 2025, which Proxy Statement will be subsequently filed.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Item 1.
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Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Item 16.
 

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PART I

CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements we make concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenues or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs and other information that is not historical information and, in particular, appear in Items 1, 1A and 7 of this report. When used in this report, the words "estimates," "expects," "anticipates," "projects," "forecasts," "plans," "believes," "foresees," "seeks," "likely," "may," "might," "will," "should," "goal," "target" or "intends" and variations of these words or similar expressions (or the negative versions of any such words) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to us on the date of this report.
These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, among other things, the matters discussed in this report in the Items identified above. Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results include:
•changes in economic and business conditions, generally and, in particular, changes in institutional and commercial building construction activity and in other cyclical industries;
•increases in cost of our raw materials, including as a result of tariffs, trade wars and other trade protection matters, and our possible inability to increase product prices to offset such increases;
•the costs and uncertainties related to strategic acquisitions or divestitures or the integration of recent and future acquisitions into our business;
•performance, and potential failure, of our information and data security systems, including potential cybersecurity threats and breaches and misuse of artificial intelligence tools;
•the loss of any significant customer;
•increased competition;
•dependence on independent distributors and independent sales representatives;
•reliance on intellectual property;
•artificial intelligence and machine learning risks and challenges;
•loss of key personnel and a failure to effectively manage human capital resources;
•legislative, regulatory and legal developments involving taxes;
•the costs of compliance and/or the imposition of liabilities under environmental, climate, health and safety laws and regulations;
•impact of weather on the seasonality of the demand for our products;
•impact of climate change on our operations and demand for our products;
•the costs associated with potential product liability claims and other potential litigation;
•changes in technology and manufacturing techniques;
•changes in laws and regulations, including from changes in governmental administrations, or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, including laws and regulations addressing climate change, environmental matters and the transition to a reduced-carbon economy;
•terrorism, conflicts, wars, and other events outside our control;
•changes in pension funding requirements;
•the impact of our indebtedness;
•the effects of an infectious disease outbreak on our business, financial condition, employees, customers, distributors and supply chain, including the impact related to governmental actions; an infectious disease outbreak may, among other impacts, heighten the effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition of the other risk factors identified herein;
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•the effect of local, national and international, geopolitical, economic, credit and capital market conditions on the economy in general, and on our customers and the industries in which we operate in particular;
•our access to available and reasonable financing on a timely basis;
•work stoppages by unionized employees;
•potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets; and
•the other factors described in this report, including those discussed in "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A.
There are likely other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to us apply only as of the date of this report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
Overview
Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation ("Zurn Elkay", "we", "us", "our", or the "Company") is a growth-oriented, pure-play water management business that designs, procures, manufactures, and markets what we believe to be the broadest sustainable product portfolio of specification-driven water management solutions to improve health, hydration, human safety and the environment. Our product portfolio includes professional grade water safety and control products, flow systems products, hygienic and environmental products, and filtered drinking water products for public and private spaces that deliver superior value to building owners, positively impact the environment and human hygiene and reduce product installation time. Our heritage of innovation and specification has allowed us to provide highly-engineered, mission-critical solutions to customers for decades and affords us the privilege of having long-term, valued relationships with market leaders. We operate in a disciplined way and the Zurn Elkay Business System (“ZEBS”), described below, is our operating philosophy. Grounded in the spirit of continuous improvement, ZEBS creates a scalable, process-based framework that focuses on driving superior customer satisfaction and financial results by targeting world-class operating performance throughout all aspects of our business.
Zurn Elkay is a leading provider of specification-driven water management solutions to the multi-billion dollar construction market of primarily institutional and commercial buildings and to a lesser extent to the waterworks and residential construction markets.
    Our strategy is to build Zurn Elkay around a strategic platform that participates in end markets with sustainable growth characteristics where we are, or have the opportunity to become, the industry leader. We have a track record of acquiring and integrating companies and expect to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions that will broaden our product lines, allow us to move into adjacent markets and expand our geographic presence.
The demand for our products is primarily driven by new institutional and commercial building construction, the retrofit of existing structures (to make them more energy and water efficient) and, to a lesser extent, new infrastructure and residential construction. With our broad portfolio of products, we believe we have become a market leader in the industry by developing innovative products that meet stringent third-party regulatory, building, and plumbing code requirements and by subsequently achieving specification of our products into projects and applications.
We are led by an experienced, high-caliber management team that employs ZEBS as a proven operating philosophy to drive excellence and world-class performance in all aspects of our business, which includes our "Voice of the Customer" process to promote superior customer satisfaction. Our physical footprint encompasses 27 principal manufacturing and warehouse facilities located primarily in North America.
As previously disclosed, on February 12, 2022, Zurn Water Solutions Corporation ("Zurn") entered into a definitive agreement to combine with Elkay Manufacturing Company (“Elkay”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among Zurn, Elkay, Zebra Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Zurn (“Merger Sub”), and Elkay Interior Systems International, Inc., as representative of the stockholders of Elkay, providing for the merger of Elkay with and into Merger Sub, with Elkay surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Zurn (the “Merger”). On July 1, 2022, the Merger was completed following which we changed our name to “Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation”. Shares of our common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “ZWS”.
Also, as previously disclosed, on October 4, 2021, we completed a Reverse Morris Trust tax-free spin-off transaction (the “Spin-Off Transaction”) in which (i) substantially all the assets and liabilities of our Process & Motion Control business were transferred to a newly created subsidiary, Land Newco, Inc. (“Land”), (ii) the shares of Land were distributed to our stockholders pro rata, and (iii) Land was merged with a subsidiary of Regal Rexnord Corporation (formerly known as Regal Beloit Corporation), in which the stock of Land was converted into shares of Regal Rexnord Corporation. The operating results and financial position of the Process & Motion Control platform are reported as discontinued operations within our consolidated financial statements and we operate as a single Water Management platform.
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ZEBS
ZEBS creates a scalable, process-based framework that focuses on driving superior customer satisfaction and financial results by targeting world-class operating performance throughout all aspects of our business. ZEBS is based on the following principles: (1) strategy deployment (a long-term strategic planning process that determines annual improvement priorities and the actions necessary to achieve those priorities); (2) measuring our performance based on customer satisfaction, or the "Voice of the Customer;" (3) involvement of all our associates in the execution of our strategy; and (4) a culture that embraces Kaizen, the Japanese philosophy of continuous improvement and the concepts around 80/20 simplification. We believe applying ZEBS can yield superior growth, quality, delivery and operating costs relative to our competition, resulting in enhanced profitability and ultimately the creation of stockholder value. As we have applied ZEBS over the past several years, we have experienced improvements in growth, productivity, cost reduction and asset efficiency and believe there are opportunities to continue to improve our performance as we continue to apply ZEBS.
Our Business
Zurn Elkay is a growth-oriented, pure-play water management business that designs, procures, manufactures, and markets what we believe to be the broadest sustainable product portfolio of specification-driven water management solutions to improve health, hydration, human safety and the environment. Our product portfolio includes professional grade water safety and control products, flow systems products, hygienic and environmental products, and filtered drinking water products for public and private spaces that deliver superior value to building owners, positively impact the environment and human hygiene and reduce product installation time. Our products are marketed and sold under widely recognized brand names, including Zurn®, Elkay®, Wilkins®, Green Turtle®, World Dryer®, StainlessDrains.com™, JUST®, Hadrian®, Wade®, and Halsey Taylor®.
Over the past century, Zurn Elkay has established itself as an innovator and leading designer, manufacturer and distributor of highly engineered products and solutions that control the flow, delivery, treatment and conservation of water as well as human hygiene to and within institutional and commercial buildings and, to a lesser extent, for waterworks and residential applications. The institutional construction end users include education, healthcare, and government segments. The commercial construction end users include retail, office, lodging, dining, warehouse, and sports arenas segments. The waterworks end users include municipal water and wastewater and transportation segments. The demand for our products is primarily driven by new institutional and commercial building construction, the retrofit of existing structures (to make them more energy and water efficient) and, to a lesser extent, new waterworks and residential construction.
Our products are principally specification-driven given their technical design and ability to meet certain performance characteristics. They deliver superior value to building owners, positively impact the environment and human health and hygiene and reduce product installation time while meeting the stringent county-specific regulatory, building, and plumbing code requirements. These stringent testing and regulatory approval processes are completed principally through the Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research at the University of Southern California, the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials ("IAPMO"), the National Sanitation Foundation ("NSF"), the American National Standards Institute ("ANSI"), ASTM International ("ASTM"), the Plumbing and Drainage Institute ("PDI"), Underwriters Laboratories ("UL"), Factory Mutual ("FM") and the American Waterworks Association ("AWWA") typically prior to the commercialization of our products. Our products are project-critical and typically represent a low percentage of the overall project cost. We believe these characteristics, coupled with our extensive distribution network, create a high level of end-user loyalty for our products and allow us to achieve specification of our products into projects and applications and to maintain leading market shares in the majority of our product lines.
We utilize an extensive sales and marketing network spanning approximately 30 countries, which consists of approximately 1,100 independent sales representatives across 180 sales agencies. Specifically, it has been our experience that, once an architect, engineer, contractor, or owner has specified our product with satisfactory results, that person will generally continue to use our products in future projects. The inclusion of our products in project specifications, combined with our ability to innovate, engineer, and deliver products and systems that save time and money in both installation and over the life of the product for engineers, architects, contractors and builders has resulted in growing demand for our products. Our distribution model is predicated upon maintaining high product availability near our customers. We believe this model provides us with a competitive advantage as we can meet our customer demand with local inventory at significantly reduced lead times as compared with others in our industry.
Our Markets
We evaluate our competitive position in our markets based on available market data, relevant benchmarks compared to our relative peer group and industry trends. We generally do not participate in segments of our served markets that have been commoditized or in applications that do not require differentiation based on product quality, reliability and innovation. We serve a broad and diverse array of institutional and commercial end markets, and to a lesser extent waterworks and residential
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end markets, with solid fundamental long-term growth characteristics. We believe there continues to be long-term growth potential in our markets.
The markets in which we participate are relatively fragmented with competitors across a broad range of industries, sectors, and product lines. Although competition exists across all of our businesses, we do not believe that any one competitor directly competes with us across the breadth of all of our product lines. We believe our served markets are growing long term at relatively strong rates, and that the growing demand for water safety, conservation, hygienic solutions, availability of clean drinking water, and the elimination of plastic water bottles can potentially support market growth above that of overall United States industrial production. We believe that we can continue to grow our platform long term at rates above the growth rate of the overall market and the growth rate of our competition, by focusing our efforts and resources towards end markets that have above-average growth characteristics.
We believe the areas in which we compete are primarily tied to growth in institutional and commercial construction, as well as, to a lesser extent, waterworks and residential. We believe these areas have significant long-term growth fundamentals. Historically, the institutional, commercial, and waterworks construction sectors have been more stable and less vulnerable to down-cycles than the residential construction industry. Compared with residential construction cycles, downturns in waterworks, institutional and commercial construction have been shorter and less severe, and upturns have lasted longer and had higher peaks in terms of spending as well as units and square footage. In addition, we believe water management manufacturers with innovative products, like ours, are able to grow at a faster pace than the broader waterworks, institutional, and commercial construction markets, as well as mitigate cyclical downturns in market growth.
The industry's specification-driven end-markets require manufacturers to work closely with building owners, local engineers, architects, contractors and builders to design specific applications on a project-by-project basis that meet specific local performance requirements as well as building owners' needs. As a result, building and maintaining relationships with owners, architects, engineers, contractors and builders, who specify products for use in construction projects, and having flexibility in design and product innovation are critical to compete effectively in these markets. Companies with a strong network of such relationships have a competitive advantage. Specifically, it has been our experience that, once an owner, engineer, contractor, builder, or architect has specified our product with satisfactory results, they often will continue to use our products in future projects.

Our Products
Our products tend to be project-critical, highly-engineered and high value-add and typically are a low percentage of overall project cost. We believe the combination of these features can create a high level of end-user loyalty, reinforced by our investments in developing innovative new product solutions. Demand for these products is influenced by regulatory, building and plumbing code requirements. Many of our products must meet stringent county, state or municipal-specific regulatory, building, and plumbing code requirements prior to the commercialization of our products (such as IAPMO, NSF, ANSI, UL, FM, PDI, ASTM, and AWWA). In addition, many of these products must meet detailed specifications set by water management engineers, architects, contractors and builders. Among our leading brands are Zurn®, Elkay®, and Wilkins®.
Drinking Water Products
Our drinking water product line includes an extensive collection of filtered drinking water delivery products oriented around providing the cleanest, superior tasting water while improving overall water hygiene, accessibility and sustainability. Our drinking water products are sold under the Elkay® and Halsey Taylor® brand names and filtered units include water filters certified by NSF and ANSI to reduce the level of contaminants in water, including lead, microplastics, and certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ("PFAS") chemicals. Elkay’s water dispensing and filtration products, predominantly comprised of filtered bottle filling stations, water fountains and water dispensers, and filtered faucets, are often plumbed directly into building water systems and required to comply with strict applicable codes and standards. Elkay's drinking water solutions are designed to meet or exceed facility needs and specifications of education, healthcare, hospitality, multifamily, municipal, office, retail and commercial facilities, as well as residential applications.
Water Safety and Control Products
Our water safety and control products are sold under the Zurn® and Wilkins® brand names and encompass a wide range of valve and water distribution control products. Key valve products include backflow preventers, fire system valves, pressure reducing valves and thermostatic mixing valves. These highly specified and engineered flow control devices protect and control the potable water supply and emergency water supply within a building or site. Designed to meet the stringent requirements of independent test labs, such as the IAPMO, NSF, UL and FM, they are sold into institutional, commercial, and residential new construction and retrofit applications as well as the fire protection, municipal water and wastewater and irrigation end markets.
Water control solutions that protect human health and gravity drainage products that protect the environment are sold under the Zurn® brand and are typically required in the early stages of a construction or retrofit project, when potable water and
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non-potable water control and drainage systems are installed. Water control products include PEX piping, valves, fittings and installation tools. PEX tubing is manufactured from cross-linked polyethylene and is designed for high temperature and pressure fluid distribution piping applications for both potable water and radiant heating systems in the residential and nonresidential construction industries. These systems are engineered to meet stringent NSF and ASTM standards helping water professionals provide safe and efficient building and site water management solutions.
Flow Systems Products
Flow systems products are commonly installed within a building or on a site to manage storm water and wastewater. Specification drainage products within flow systems include point drains (such as roof drains and floor drains), hydrants, fixture carrier systems, and chemical drainage systems that are used to control storm water, and process water and potable water in various institutional, commercial, industrial, civil and irrigation applications. Linear drainage systems are used to capture and direct storm water in a wide variety of institutional, commercial, industrial and transportation infrastructure applications. Our wastewater pre-treatment products include oil and grease interceptors and separators, acid neutralization systems and remote monitoring systems and are marketed under the Zurn®, Green Turtle®, and Wade® brands. Interceptors are used to separate and capture fats, oils, and greases from wastewater before it is discharged into the municipal wastewater collection system. Our proprietary designs are primarily fabricated from fiberglass reinforced polyester, which we believe is gaining market share from traditional concrete products due to its reliability, service life, ease of service, and lowest cost of ownership. Applications include restaurants and institutional foodservice operations, office buildings, hotels, entertainment venues, schools, grocery and convenience stores, airports, vehicle service garages, and fleet operations and maintenance facilities. Acid neutralization systems are primarily used in schools, hospitals and laboratories.
Hygienic and Environmental Products
Hygienic and environmental products are typically required in the latter stages of a construction or retrofit project, when interior spaces are being outfitted with fixtures, valves and faucets. Zurn Elkay's hygienic and environmental products include primarily sensor-operated flush valves marketed under the Aquaflush®, AquaSense® and AquaVantage® brand names, heavy-duty commercial faucets marketed under the AquaSpec® brand name, and flush valves and faucets marketed under the Hydro X Power® brand name. Innovative water conserving fixtures are marketed under the EcoVantage® and Zurn One® brand names. These products are commonly used in schools, hospitals, office buildings, airports, sports facilities, convention centers, shopping malls, restaurants, and industrial production buildings. The Zurn One Systems® integrate valve and/or faucet products with fixtures into complete, easily customizable plumbing systems, and thus provide a valuable time and cost-saving means of delivering institutional and commercial bathroom fixtures. The EcoVantage® fixture systems promote water-efficiency, health and hygiene and assist in achieving compliance with certain water conservation requirements, and generate savings for building owners in new construction and retrofit bathroom fixture installations.
Zurn Elkay's hygienic and environmental products also include stainless steel, quartz, fireclay-ceramic, and cast iron sinks marketed under the Elkay® brand name and stainless steel sinks and plumbing fixtures marketed under the JUST® brand name, as well as restroom partition systems and lockers, marketed under the Hadrian® brand name, which are primarily used in institutional and commercial end markets. The combination of Elkay's wide array of sinks recognized for their design, durability and aesthetics, World Dryer’s eco-friendly hand dryers, Just Manufacturing's stainless steel product portfolio, Hadrian’s partition systems and Zurn Elkay's water-efficient hygienic and environmental products allows us to deliver a bundle of products to our customers, what we believe is the most comprehensive hygienic and environmental content to new and existing buildings.
Acquisitions
Mergers and acquisitions are a critical part of the Zurn Elkay growth strategy. Our strategy is to grow strategically by acquiring leading companies in attractive markets with businesses that we believe will benefit from ZEBS to increase customer satisfaction, revenue growth and operating margins. In 2022, we completed the Elkay Merger, which expanded our product portfolio and presence in the end markets we serve; that transaction is further described below. The purchase price for this transaction is stated net of cash acquired and excludes transaction costs.
•July 1, 2022 - We completed the merger with Elkay, a market leader of drinking water solutions and commercial sinks which complements the offerings of our existing product portfolio. The final purchase price (after final purchase price adjustments) was $1,457.8 million. The purchase price included 51,378,504 shares of Zurn's common stock ($1,411.9 million based on Zurn's closing stock price of $27.48 per share on July 1, 2022), and $45.9 million of net cash payments for the repayment of Elkay's existing term loan and Elkay's transaction related costs outstanding that were in excess of Elkay's cash and cash equivalents balance at the time of closing. The number of shares issued in connection with the merger represented approximately 29% of outstanding shares immediately following the Merger.

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Customers
Our water safety and control, flow systems, hygienic and environmental, and drinking water products are sold for new construction, remodeling and retrofit applications to customers in institutional, commercial, waterworks and residential end markets and are distributed through independent sales representatives, plumbing wholesalers and industry-specific distributors in the waterworks, foodservice, industrial, janitorial, sanitation and siteworks industries. Our independent sales representatives work with building owners, engineers, architects, operators, contractors, and builders, to specify our products for their use and with wholesalers to assess and meet the needs of building contractors in construction projects. They also combine knowledge of our products’ installation methods and delivery availability with local market expertise to provide contractors with value-added service. We use approximately 1,100 independent sales representatives, along with a network of regional distribution centers and third-party warehouses, to provide our customers with same-day service and quick response times. Zurn®, Elkay®, JUST®, Hadrian®, and Wilkins® benefit from strong brand recognition, which is enhanced by a strong propensity to replace "like-for-like" products. The Company’s largest customer accounted for 19%, 20% and 22% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. No other customers account for more than 10% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022.
Product Development
The majority of our new product development begins with our extensive "Voice of the Customer" operating philosophy. We have a team of approximately 160 engineers and technical employees who are organized by product line. Each of our product lines has technical staff responsible for product development and application support.
Zurn Elkay has approximately 230 active patents in the United States and approximately 90 foreign active patents as of December 31, 2024. Product innovation is crucial in the institutional and commercial plumbing products markets because new products must continually be developed to meet specifications and regulatory demands as well as customer needs. Zurn Elkay's products are known in the industry for such innovation. Our innovation is focused on introducing products that provide incremental value to our end customer and help enable our customers to achieve their sustainability goals by focusing innovation on products that save water, use less energy, provide clean drinking water, reduce installation time, lower maintenance costs, and other sustainable attributes.
Our digital strategy for a customer productivity platform is based on the integration of innovative Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and e-commerce technologies with Zurn Elkay's leading portfolio of products. Our secure online portal, plumbSMART™, allows for real-time insights from our Connected Products including wireless monitoring of usage trends, water consumption, possible issues and alerts through digitally connected product solutions that can be retrofitted to the installed base of our products. This information is used by our customers’ operations and maintenance staff through their facility and automation control systems and cloud-based portals to minimize unplanned system downtime and improve the productivity and safety of their operations.
Suppliers and Raw Materials
The principal materials used in our manufacturing processes are commodities and components available from numerous sources. The key materials used in our manufacturing activities include: bronze, iron, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, zinc, and engineered plastics. Our global sourcing strategy is to maintain alternate sources of supply for our important materials and components wherever possible.
Historically, we have been able to successfully source materials and consequently are not dependent on a single source for any significant raw material or component. As a result, we believe there is a readily available supply of materials in sufficient quantity from a variety of sources to serve both our short-term and long-term requirements. Additionally, we have not experienced any significant shortage of our key materials and have not historically engaged in hedging transactions for commodity supplies. We generally purchase our materials on the open market.
In addition to our domestic manufacturing facilities, we maintain a global network of independent sources that manufacture high quality, lower-cost component parts for our products. These sources fabricate parts to our specifications using our proprietary designs, which enables us to focus on product engineering, assembly, testing and quality control. By closely monitoring these sources and through extensive product testing, we are able to maintain product quality and be cost-competitive.
Backlog
Our backlog of unshipped orders was approximately $49 million and $51 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, our backlog is all expected to ship during the year ending December 31, 2025. See Item 1A Risk Factors of this report for more information on the risks associated with backlog.
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Seasonality
Demand for our products is primarily driven by institutional and commercial building activity, remodeling and retrofit opportunities, and to a lesser extent, new home starts as well as waterworks expansion. Accordingly, weather has an impact on the seasonality of certain end markets. With the exception of our remodeling and retrofit opportunities, weather is an important variable as it significantly impacts construction. Spring and summer months in the United States and Canada represent the main construction season with increased construction in the institutional, commercial, and waterworks markets, as well as new housing starts. As a result, sales generally decrease slightly in the first and fourth quarters as compared to the second and third quarters of the calendar year.
Our business also depends upon general economic conditions and other market factors beyond our control, and we serve customers in cyclical industries. As a result, our operating results have been, and in the future likely will be, negatively affected during economic downturns. See Item 1A Risk Factors of this report for information on the risks associated with general economic conditions.
Human Capital Management
As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately 2,500 employees, of whom approximately 1,900 were employed in the United States. Approximately 160 of our United States employees are represented by labor unions. We are currently party to four collective bargaining agreements in the United States with expiration dates in November 2026, October 2027, and January 2028. We believe we have a strong relationship with our employees, including those represented by labor unions.
Zurn Elkay strives to attract, retain and develop the talent necessary to meet our goals. Our Human Resources programs are designed to, among other aims, develop talent for critical roles and leadership positions, reward and support associates through competitive compensation and benefits, and promote the health and safety of our associates.
Associates: We are committed to fostering, cultivating and preserving a culture of inclusion and belonging where our associates are engaged and fulfilled. We recognize and value our associates for the unique perspectives they bring to Zurn Elkay – from different ages, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, veteran status and abilities, including individuals who bring diverse opinions, experience and leadership styles to their work at Zurn Elkay.
Training and Talent Development: We are committed to having a workplace that fosters learning, development and innovation. Our leadership team conducts a robust program of employee engagement and we have invested in the personal and professional development of our employees. Each year all employees are trained on various policies and procedures along with matters specific to their respective roles within the organization. We monitor metrics to ensure the health of our company culture and alignment with our values and strategic business priorities. Each year, we survey our employees to better understand what matters most to them. We also strive to provide competitive compensation and benefits for our associates.
Health and Safety: The safety of our associates is a top priority. To be our best and maintain integrity in everything we do, we strive to provide associates with the right tools and resources. Through continual training and engaging associates and visitors in addressing safety issues, we have reduced our Total Recordable Incident Rate ("TRIR") by 46% when compared to the combined Zurn Elkay rate for calendar year 2022, at the time of the Merger, and also reduced our Lost Time Incident Rate ("LTIR") by 70% over the same period. At 0.65 TRIR and 0.11 LTIR per 100 associates, we are better than best-in-class benchmarks. We are also committed to improving the holistic health and well-being of our associates and have various programs in place to provide information, activities and support for assisting healthy choices.
Compliance with Laws and Regulations
Our operations and facilities are subject to extensive laws and regulations, including those related to trade taxes, government contracts, pollution and the protection of the environment, health and safety, including those governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharges to water, climate change, the generation, handling, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes and other materials, and the remediation of contaminated sites. A failure by us to comply with applicable requirements or the permits required for our operations could result in civil or criminal fines, penalties, enforcement actions, third-party claims for property damage and personal injury, requirements to clean up property or to pay for the costs of cleanup or regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, including the installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions.
Some environmental laws and regulations impose requirements to investigate and remediate contamination on present and former owners and operators of facilities and sites, and on a potentially responsible party ("PRP") for sites to which such parties may have sent waste for disposal. Such liability can be imposed without regard to fault and, under certain circumstances, may be joint and several, resulting in one PRP being held responsible for the entire obligation. Liability may also include damage to natural resources. On occasion we are involved in such investigations and/or cleanup, and we have been named as a PRP in environmental matters and could be named in future matters.
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We do not currently anticipate any significant additional expenditures related to maintaining compliance; however, due to the evolving nature of laws and regulations and changes thereto, there can be no assurance that current expenditures will be adequate or that violations will not occur.
Additional Information
The address of our principal executive office is 511 West Freshwater Way, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204. Our phone number is (855) 480-5050. Our website address is www.zurnelkay.com. We make available free of charge, on or through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and proxy statements on Schedule 14A, as well as amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Copies of any materials that we file with the SEC can also be obtained free of charge through the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. In addition, our website includes (i) the charters for the Audit Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, Compensation Committee, and Sustainability Committee of our Board of Directors; (ii) our Corporate Governance Guidelines; and (iii) our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. We will also post on our website any amendments to these documents, and information about any waivers granted to directors or executive officers with respect to our Code of Ethics. Our website and the information contained on or connected to that site are not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
The risks described below are not the only risks facing Zurn Elkay. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or those risks we currently view to be immaterial, may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 for further discussion of some of the factors that could affect future results. If any of these risks materialize, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Strategic Risks
Economic and financial market weakness, as well as overall challenging market cycles, may particularly impact the markets we serve, and, as a result may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
Our business operations may be adversely affected by volatility and weaknesses in the overall economy and financial markets. Weak, challenging or volatile economic conditions in the end markets, businesses or geographic areas in which we sell our products typically reduces demand for our products and results in a decrease in sales volume.
Our financial performance depends, in large part, on conditions in the markets that we serve in the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, the global economy generally. Some of the end markets we serve are highly cyclical, and some at times have experienced greater cyclicality than others. Any sustained weakness in demand or downturn or uncertainty in the economy, could materially reduce our net sales and profitability.
For example, sales to the construction industry are driven by trends in institutional, commercial, and residential construction, housing starts and trends in residential repair and remodeling. Consumer confidence, employment rates, weather conditions, interest rates, credit standards and availability of consumer credit and income levels play a significant role in driving demand in institutional, commercial and residential construction, repair and remodeling sectors. A drop or weakness in consumer confidence, prolonged adverse weather conditions, lack of availability or increased cost of credit, tightened credit standards or increased unemployment could materially impact demand for sales of our products and/or result in downward pressure on product pricing and our profit margins, any or all of which could adversely affect our financial results.
Volatility and disruption of financial markets could limit the ability of our customers to obtain adequate financing to maintain operations and may cause them to terminate existing purchase orders, reduce the volume of products they purchase from us in the future or impact their ability to pay their receivables. Adverse economic and financial market conditions may also cause our suppliers to be unable to meet their commitments to us or may cause suppliers to make changes in the credit terms they extend to us, such as shortening the required payment period for outstanding accounts receivable or reducing or eliminating the amount of trade credit available to us.
The markets we serve are highly competitive; an inability to effectively compete would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in highly competitive markets. Some of our competitors have achieved substantially more market penetration in certain of the markets in which we operate. Some of our competitors are larger and may have greater financial and other resources than we do, and our competitors may adopt more aggressive sales policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do, all of which could result in a loss of customers and adversely affect our results of operations.
We compete against both large international and national rivals, as well as many regional competitors. Increased competition in any of the markets in which we operate could result in substantial downward pressure on product pricing and our profit margins, thereby adversely affecting our financial results. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain or increase the current market share of our products successfully in the future.
If we are unable to effectively manage risks associated with changing technology, product innovation and new product development, manufacturing techniques, distribution channels and business continuity, we may be at a competitive disadvantage.
The successful implementation of our business strategy requires us to continuously evolve our existing products and introduce new products to meet customers' needs in the industries we serve. Our products are characterized by stringent performance and specification requirements that mandate a high degree of manufacturing and engineering expertise. If we fail to meet these requirements, our business and ability to compete effectively could suffer. We believe our customers rigorously evaluate their suppliers on a number of factors, including product quality, price competitiveness, technical and manufacturing expertise, development and product design capability, new product innovation, reliability and timeliness of delivery, operational flexibility, customer service and overall management. Our ongoing success depends on our ability to continue to meet our customers' changing specifications with respect to these criteria. We cannot ensure that we will be able to address technological advances or introduce new products that may be necessary to remain competitive within our businesses. Further, such new
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products and technologies may create additional exposure or risk. We cannot ensure that we can adequately protect our own technological developments to produce a sustainable competitive advantage. Furthermore, we may be subject to business continuity risk in the event of an unexpected loss of a material facility or operation. We cannot ensure adequate insurance protection against such a loss.
We may be unable to realize intended benefits from our ongoing Supply Chain Optimization and Footprint Repositioning initiatives, restructuring and divestiture efforts, and as a result our profitability or our business otherwise might be adversely affected.
To operate more efficiently, control costs and refine our business focus, we periodically undertake restructuring plans, which can include facility consolidations, product rationalizations, workforce reductions and other cost reduction initiatives. We also periodically choose to divest operations or product lines that we no longer believe are additive or complementary to our business or strategic direction. These plans are intended to reduce operating costs, to modify our footprint to reflect changes in the markets we serve, to reflect changes in business focus, to strengthen focus on our core business and/or to address overall manufacturing overcapacity, including as a result of acquisitions. If we do not successfully manage our current restructuring activities, or any other restructuring activities or divestitures that we may undertake in the future, expected efficiencies, benefits and cost savings might be delayed or not realized, and our operations and business could be disrupted.
In addition, as a result of such actions, we expect to incur restructuring expenses and other charges (including, for example, potential impairment charges related to fixed assets, goodwill and other intangibles), which may be material, and may exceed our estimates. Several factors could cause restructuring or divestiture activities to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These include potential disruption of our operations, customer relationships and other aspects of our business. Employee morale and productivity could also suffer and may result in unwanted employee attrition. These activities require substantial management time and attention and may divert management from other important work or result in a failure to meet operational targets. Divestitures may also result in obligations to buyers or other parties that could have a financial effect after the transaction is completed. Moreover, we could make changes to, or experience delays in executing, any restructuring or divestiture plans, any of which could cause further disruption and additional unanticipated expense.
An inability to effectively integrate acquisitions, mergers or other business combinations could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Additionally, dispositions or liabilities retained in connection with dispositions could negatively affect us.
Acquisitions, mergers and other business combinations are part of our growth strategy, and we have completed several in the last few years. We also sell or divest businesses, products and technologies from time to time. We cannot ensure that we will be able to complete any future acquisition or divestiture, successfully integrate any acquired business or operations, or accomplish our strategic objectives as a result of any such acquisition or divestiture.
Acquisitions are often undertaken to improve the operating results of either or both of the acquirer and the acquired company and we cannot ensure that we will be successful in this regard. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to fully realize the intended benefits from our acquisitions. Acquisitions involve risks, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business into our operations, potential failure to realize anticipated benefits, diversion of management's attention, issues in customer transitions, potential inadequacies of indemnities and other contractual remedies and unanticipated problems, risks or liabilities, including environmental, some or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Refer to Risks Related to the Merger with Elkay section below for additional considerations.
If dispositions are not completed in a timely manner, there may be a negative effect on our cash flows and/or our ability to execute our strategy. In addition, we may not realize some or all of the anticipated benefits of our dispositions.
From time to time, we have sold or divested businesses, products and technologies. With respect to some of these former businesses, we may contractually agree to indemnify the counterparties against, or otherwise retain, certain liabilities, including, certain lawsuits, tax liabilities, product liability claims, and environmental matters. Even without ongoing contractual indemnification obligations, we could be exposed to liabilities arising out of the businesses for certain activities prior to the divestitures. In addition, certain of the counterparties to those divestitures and/or the divested businesses have agreed to indemnify us or assume certain liabilities relating to those divestitures. However, there can be no assurance that the indemnity or assumption of liability by the counterparties or divested businesses will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of these liabilities, or that a counterparty or divested business will be able to fully satisfy its obligations. Third parties also could seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that a counterparty or divested business agreed to assume. Even if we ultimately succeed in recovering any amounts for which we were initially held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves.
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The loss or financial instability of any significant customer or customers accounting for our backlog could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
A substantial part of our business is concentrated with a few customers, and we have certain customers that are significant to our business. During the year ended December 31, 2024, our top five customers accounted for approximately 39% of our consolidated net sales, with one customer accounting for 19% of consolidated net sales. The loss of one or more of these customers or other major customers, or a deterioration in our relationship with any of them could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Our contracted backlog is comprised of future orders for our products from a broad number of customers. Defaults by any of the customers that have placed significant orders with us, whether because of bankruptcy, illiquidity, operational problems or otherwise, could have a significant adverse effect on our net sales, profitability and cash flow. As of December 31, 2024, all of our backlog was scheduled to ship during the year ending December 31, 2025.
We rely on independent distributors and independent sales representatives. Termination of one or more of our relationships with any of our key independent distributors and / or a substantial number of independent representatives could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We depend on 1,100 independent sales representatives and approximately 65 third-party warehouses to distribute our products. In fiscal 2024, our three largest independent distributors generated approximately 33% of our consolidated net sales with the largest accounting for 19% of consolidated net sales.
The loss of one of our key distributors or of a substantial number of our other distributors or independent sales representatives, or an increase in the distributors' sales of competitors' products to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The inability to adequately protect intellectual property, or defend against infringement claims brought against us, could adversely affect our business.
We attempt to protect our intellectual property through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection, as well as third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements. We cannot assure that any of our applications for protection of our intellectual property rights will be approved and successfully maintained or that our competitors will not infringe or successfully challenge our intellectual property rights. We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology and trade secrets. It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology. To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we require employees, consultants and advisors to enter into confidentiality agreements. We cannot assure that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies, our ability to sustain margins on some or all of our products may be affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In addition, in the ordinary course of our operations, we periodically seek to enforce our intellectual property rights through litigation or are subject to third party litigation claiming infringement, including in respect of some of our more profitable products. An adverse ruling or other unfavorable outcome in any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Operational Risks
Increases in the cost, and/or the availability, of raw materials, including as a result of tariffs or other trade protection measures, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Our manufacturing processes depend on third parties for raw materials, in particular bronze, iron, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, zinc, and engineered plastics. While we strive to maintain alternative sources for most raw materials, our business is subject to the risk of price fluctuations, including as a result of, or in reaction to, tariffs, import duties, or other trade protection measures instituted by the U.S. or other countries, inefficiencies in the event of a need to change our suppliers, and delays in the delivery of and potential unavailability of our raw materials. Also, trade wars or outbreaks of infectious diseases, could impact the cost or availability of goods or materials, both imported and domestic, or adversely affect demand for our products. Any such price fluctuations or delays, if material, could harm our profitability or operations. In addition, the loss of a substantial number of suppliers could result in material cost increases or reduce our production capacity. In addition to suppliers, we also rely on third party shippers to assist in transportation of our product throughout the supply chain. Reduced availability of transportation and the associated cost increases could adversely impact our profitability or operations.
We do not typically enter into hedge transactions to reduce our exposure to purchase price risks and cannot ensure that we would be successful in recouping any increases if these risks were to materialize. In addition, if we are unable to continue to purchase our required quantities of raw materials on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or if we are unable to maintain or
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enter into new purchase contracts for our larger commodities, our business operations could be disrupted and our profitability could be adversely impacted.
The ongoing updates to our Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") systems, as well as failures of our data security and information technology infrastructure, cybersecurity breaches or misuse of artificial intelligence tools, could cause substantial business interruptions and adversely affect our business.
We continue to update our ERP systems across our Zurn Elkay operations. If these updates are ineffective, we could incur substantial business interruptions, including the inability to perform routine business transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance. Further, these updates may not result in the benefits we intend or be timely implemented.
In addition, we depend heavily on information technology infrastructure to manage our business objectives and operations, support our customers’ requirements and protect sensitive information. In the regular course of our business, we also handle a range of sensitive security and customer information. We are subject to laws and rules issued by different agencies concerning safeguarding and maintaining the confidentiality of this information. There have been significant and increasing instances of data and security breaches, malicious interference with technology systems and industrial espionage involving companies in numerous industries, including cloud providers, and cybersecurity threats are becoming more complex. Like other companies, we have experienced, and will continue to experience, these types of threats; however, to date, we have not experienced a material threat or incident. In addition, at times a large percentage of our workforce may be working remotely, which may heighten these risks. While we have taken steps to maintain and enhance our cybersecurity by implementing additional security technologies, internal controls, network and data center resiliency, redundancy and disaster recovery processes and backup systems, upgrading our remote work environment and by obtaining insurance coverage, these measures may be inadequate and our technology systems could be vulnerable to disability, failures or unauthorized access. Furthermore, continued geopolitical turmoil, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict, has heightened the risk of cyberattacks. As discussed further below, the rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies may intensify our cybersecurity risks. As a result, any inability by us to successfully manage our information systems, or respond effectively to any attack on or interference with our systems, including matters related to system and data security, privacy, reliability, compliance, performance and access, problems related to our systems caused by natural disasters, security breaches or malicious attacks, misuse of artificial intelligence tools, and any inability of these systems to fulfill their intended business purpose, could impede our ability to record or process orders, manufacture and ship in a timely manner, account for and collect receivables, protect sensitive data of the Company, our customers, our employees, our suppliers and other business partners, comply with our third party obligations of confidentiality and care, or otherwise carry on business in the normal course. Any such events could require costly remediation beyond levels covered by insurance and could cause us to lose customers and/or revenue, including as a result of legal or regulatory claims or proceedings, or damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.
We are also subject to an increasing number of evolving data privacy and security laws and regulations that impose requirements on us. We collect, store, access and otherwise process various types of confidential or sensitive data, including proprietary business information, personal data and other information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations and/or customer-imposed controls. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in the imposition of fines, penalties and other costs.
Our inability to attract and retain key personnel, as well as challenges with respect to the management of human capital resources, in a highly competitive industry may adversely affect our business.
Our ongoing success depends on our ability to recruit, retain and develop highly skilled management and key personnel, as well as our ability to effectively manage human capital resources. Competition for talented and skilled individuals in our industry is intense and we may not be able to successfully recruit, train or retain qualified personnel, or to effectively implement successions for existing personnel. If we fail to retain and recruit the necessary personnel or arrange for successors to key personnel, our business could materially suffer.
Increased frequency of weather events could disrupt construction activity and adversely affect the demand for our products.
Demand for our products is primarily driven by institutional and commercial construction activity, remodeling and retrofit opportunities, and to a lesser extent, new home starts. Weather is an important variable affecting financial performance as it significantly impacts construction activity. Adverse weather conditions, such as prolonged periods of cold or rain, blizzards, hurricanes and other severe weather patterns, the frequency of which might be affected by climate change, could delay or halt construction and remodeling activity, which could have a negative effect on our business. For example, an unusually severe or prolonged winter can lead to reduced or delayed construction activity which could magnify the seasonal decline in our net sales and earnings during the winter months and hamper the typical seasonal increase in net sales and earnings during the spring months.
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The long-term effect of climate change could decrease demand for certain of our products.
Climate change may impact rainfall and water availability in many areas in unpredictable and different ways, which may change the way building owners and municipalities manage drinking, waste and storm water and may lead to new or modified regulations that may impact the market for our products. In certain areas, these changes could lead to a reduction in demand for certain of our products, although it also could increase demand for other of our products. The overall effect of this could be to reduce our sales and addressable market and/or alter our product sales mix in ways that reduce our margins, either of which could adversely impact our results of operations.
The physical impacts of climate change may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The physical impacts of climate change on our operations are highly uncertain and could differ amongst the geographic regions of relevant markets and areas of operation. These may include changes in rainfall and storm patterns and intensities, water shortages, changing sea levels and changing temperatures. The impacts of climate change may materially and adversely affect the cost, production and financial performance of our operations. Further, any impacts to our business and financial condition as a result of climate change are likely to occur over an extended period of time and are therefore difficult to quantify with any degree of specificity. For example, extreme weather events may result in adverse physical effects on portions of our infrastructure, which could disrupt our supply chain and ultimately our business operations. In addition, disruption of transportation and distribution systems could result in reduced operational efficiency and customer service interruption. Climate related events have the potential to disrupt our business, including the business of our suppliers, and may cause us to experience higher attrition, losses and additional costs to resume operations.
Our business and operations, and the operations of our suppliers, business partners and customers, may be adversely affected by future outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Future outbreaks of infectious diseases may result in widespread or localized health crises that adversely affect general commercial activity and the economies and financial markets of the countries and localities in which we operate, sell, and purchases goods and services. Any outbreak of infectious disease poses the risk that we or our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers, transportation providers, and other business partners may be prevented or impaired from conducting ordinary course business activities for an indefinite period of time, either at specific branches or on a broader scale, including due to shutdowns necessitated for the health and well-being of our employees, the employees of our business partners, or shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. In addition, our suppliers, business partners and customers may also experience similar negative impacts from an outbreak of infectious disease. Global supply chains may be disrupted, causing shortages, which could impact our ability to manufacture or supply our products. Also, we could in the future experience increased compensation expenses associated with employee recruiting and employee retention to the extent employment opportunities multiply post-pandemic, causing the search for and retention of talent to become more competitive. This disruption of our employees, distributors, suppliers and customers may impact our sales and future operating results.
The unpredictable ebbing and flowing of new infectious diseases worldwide may continue to adversely impact our business, operations, suppliers and customers for the foreseeable future. Equally unpredictable are the responses of national and local governments and health authorities in affected regions to reduce community spread and protect employees, which may include mandatory shutdowns or limitations on all or certain types of business operations. The ultimate impact of an infectious disease outbreak on our business depends on the severity, location and duration of outbreaks, and the actions of government and health officials in response to the outbreaks, none of which is predictable at this time.
Artificial intelligence presents challenges that can impact our business by posing security risks to confidential or proprietary information and personal data.
The use of artificial intelligence, combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business operations. We may adopt and integrate artificial intelligence tools into our systems for specific use cases after review by our Legal and Information Security teams. Our vendors and third-party partners may incorporate artificial intelligence tools into their offerings with or without disclosing this use to us. The providers of these artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards concerning privacy and data protection, which may result in a loss of intellectual property or confidential information and/or cause harm to our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these outcomes could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information and adversely impact our business.
Financial Risks
Our debt levels could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, inhibit us from making beneficial acquisitions, adversely impact our ability to
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implement our capital allocation strategy and prevent us from making debt service payments. In addition, changing or increasing interest rates, including the rates under our debt agreements, could adversely affect our business or financial condition.
Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to make scheduled payments on our debt will depend on a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet our debt service and other obligations, and currently anticipated cost savings and operating improvements may not be realized on schedule, or at all. If we are unable to meet our expenses and debt service and other obligations, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity, sell assets or raise equity. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, sell assets or raise equity on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which could cause us to default on our obligations and impair our liquidity. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt obligations or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our indebtedness could also have other important consequences with respect to our ability to manage and grow our business successfully.
We amended our credit facilities to switch from eurodollar loans based on LIBOR to term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) loans. SOFR is a relatively new reference rate, and its composition and characteristics are not the same as LIBOR. It is not possible to predict what effect the change to SOFR may have on our interest rates.
As indicated above, SOFR is a relatively new reference rate. Any failure of SOFR to gain market acceptance could cause it to be modified or discontinued. Our current credit facilities provide a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest upon the occurrence of certain events related to the discontinuance of SOFR. The change to SOFR or transition to other alternative rates, whether in connection with borrowings under the current credit facilities, or borrowings under replacement facilities or lines of credit, could expose our future borrowings to less favorable rates. If the change to SOFR, or other alternative rates, results in increased alternative interest rates or if our lenders have increased costs due to such phase out or changes, then our debt that uses benchmark rates could be affected and, in turn, our cash flows and interest expense could be adversely impacted.
Also, in spite of the limitations in our credit agreement, we may still incur significantly more debt, which could intensify the risks described above on our business, results and financial condition. For more information about our indebtedness, see Item 8, Note 11, Long-Term Debt.
The agreements governing our financing arrangements impose certain operating and financial restrictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Our credit agreement contains various covenants that limit or prohibit our ability (subject to certain exceptions), among other things, to:
•incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;
•pay dividends on our common stock or redeem, repurchase, retire or make distributions in respect of our common stock or subordinated indebtedness or make other restricted payments;
•make certain loans, acquisitions, capital expenditures or investments;
•sell certain assets, including stock of our subsidiaries;
•enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
•create or incur liens;
•consolidate, merge, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and
•enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.
These agreements contain covenants that restrict our ability to take certain actions, such as incurring additional debt, if we are unable to meet defined specified financial ratios, which could result in limiting our long-term growth prospects by hindering our ability to incur future indebtedness or grow through acquisitions. Failure to comply with certain covenants in these agreements could result in a default. For more information, see Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.
The restrictions contained in the credit agreement could:
•limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or meet capital needs or otherwise restrict our activities or business plans;
•restrict our ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and/or adversely impact our ability to implement capital allocation strategy;
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•adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, to enter into strategic acquisitions, to fund investments or other capital needs or to engage in other business activities that would be in our interest; and
•limit our access to the cash generated by our subsidiaries.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the credit agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit facilities to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the senior secured credit facilities on a first-priority lien basis. If the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities accelerate the repayment of borrowings, such acceleration could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. For a more detailed description of the limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, see Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Our goodwill and intangible assets are valued at an amount that is high relative to our total assets and in excess of our stockholders' equity.
As of December 31, 2024, our goodwill and intangible assets totaled $794.2 million and $891.6 million, respectively, and represent a substantial portion of our assets. These assets result from our acquisitions, representing the excess of cost over the fair value of the tangible net assets we have acquired. We assess at least annually whether there has been impairment in the value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, inability to effectively integrate acquired businesses, unexpected significant changes or planned changes to the use of our assets, changes in the structure of our business, divestitures, market capitalization declines, or increases in associated discount rates may impair our goodwill and other intangible assets. Any determination requiring the impairment of goodwill or intangible assets would negatively affect our results of operations, particularly in the period in which we record any related charges, and financial condition.
Refer to Risks Related to the Merger with Elkay section below for additional considerations.
Our required cash contributions to our pension plans may increase further and we could experience a material change in the funded status of our defined benefit pension plans and the amount recorded in our consolidated balance sheets related to those plans. Additionally, our pension costs could increase in future years.
The funded status of the defined benefit pension plans depends on such factors as asset returns, market interest rates, legislative changes and funding regulations. If the returns on the assets of any of our plans were to decline in future periods, if market interest rates were to decline, if the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") were to require additional contributions to any such plans as a result of acquisitions or if other actuarial assumptions were to be modified, our future required cash contributions and pension costs to such plans could increase. Any such increases could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The need to make contributions, which may be substantial, to such plans may reduce the cash available to meet our other obligations, including our obligations under our borrowing arrangements or to meet the needs of our business. In addition, the PBGC may terminate our U.S. defined benefit pension plans under limited circumstances, including in the event the PBGC concludes that the risk may increase unreasonably if such plans continue. In the event one of our U.S. defined benefit pension plans is terminated for any reason while it is underfunded, we could be required to make an immediate payment to the PBGC of all or a substantial portion of such plan's underfunding, as calculated by the PBGC based on its own assumptions (which might result in a larger obligation than that based on the assumptions we have used to fund such plan), and the PBGC could place a lien on material amounts of our assets.
Legal and Compliance Risks
Our failure to comply with government regulations and requirements, third-party certification requirements and policies and standards driven by our customers or other constituencies, including those related to social responsibility, could adversely affect our reputation, business and results of operations.
In addition to complying with laws and applicable government regulations and requirements, prevailing industry standards, competitive pressures and/or our customers may require us to comply with further quality, social responsibility, climate-related or other business policies or standards, before customers and prospective customers commence, or continue, doing business with us. These expectations, policies and standards may be more restrictive than current laws and regulations as well as our own pre-existing policies; they may be customer-driven, established by the industry sectors in which we operate or
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imposed by third-party organizations or other constituencies.
Our compliance with these policies, standards and third party certification requirements could be costly and could in some cases require us to change the way in which we operate. In addition, if we fail to comply, or if our compliance increases our costs and/or restricts our ability to do business as compared to our competitors that do not adhere to such standards, we could experience an adverse effect on our customer relationships, reputation, operations, cost structure and/or profitability.
Regulatory and legislative developments related to climate change, may materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Numerous governmental bodies have introduced or are contemplating legislative and regulatory changes in response to various climate change interest groups and the impact of climate change. Legislation and increased regulation relating to climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy could impose significant costs on us and our suppliers, including costs related to increased energy requirements, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting, and other costs to comply with such regulations. Any future climate change related regulations could also negatively impact our ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such requirements. Given the political significance and uncertainty around the impact of climate change and how it should be addressed, we cannot predict how legislation and regulation will affect our financial condition, operating performance and ability to compete. Furthermore, even without such regulation, increased awareness and any adverse publicity in the global marketplace about impacts on climate change by us could harm our reputation. Any of the foregoing could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We are subject to changes in legislative, regulatory and legal developments involving taxes.
We are subject to U.S. federal and state, and foreign, income, payroll, property, sales and use, value-added, fuel and other types of taxes. Changes in tax rates, enactment of new tax laws, revisions of tax regulations, and claims or litigation with taxing authorities may require significant judgment in determining the appropriate provision and related accruals for these taxes; and as a result, such changes could result in substantially higher taxes and, therefore, could have a significant adverse effect on our results or operations, financial conditions and liquidity.
Moreover, in recent years, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and member countries have been focused on taxation issues relating to multi-national companies. In October 2021, more than 130 countries agreed to implement Pillar 2, a plan introduced by the OECD providing for a global minimum tax rate of 15% (calculated on a country-by-country basis) for those companies having consolidated revenue of at least €750 million; with any shortfall of the 15% minimum tax resulting in a related tax assessment ("Top-Up Tax"). The implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax rules has begun to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. The main purpose of such rules is to minimize tax base erosion and profit shifting from higher tax jurisdictions to lower tax jurisdictions by multi-national companies. On February 2, 2023, the OECD issued various administrative guidance including transitional safe harbor rules available in conjunction with the implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax. Based upon the current OECD rules and administrative guidance, as well as the related legislation of those countries which has been enacted to date, the Company does not anticipate being subject to material Top-Up Taxes. The Company is continuing to monitor the potential impact of the Pillar 2 proposals and developments on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, including eligibility for any transitional safe harbor rules.
We may incur significant costs for environmental compliance and/or to address liabilities under environmental laws and regulations, and our reputation may be adversely affected.
Our operations and facilities worldwide are subject to extensive laws and regulations related to pollution and the protection of the environment, health and safety, including those governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharges to water, the generation, handling, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes and other materials, and the remediation of contaminated sites. A failure by us to comply with applicable requirements or the permits required for our operations could result in civil or criminal fines, penalties, enforcement actions, third-party claims for property damage and personal injury, requirements to clean up property or to pay for the costs of cleanup or regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, including the installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions, as well as cause damage to our reputation.
Some environmental laws and regulations impose requirements to investigate and remediate contamination on present and former owners and operators of facilities and sites, and on potentially responsible parties ("PRPs") for sites to which such parties may have sent waste for disposal. Such liability can be imposed without regard to fault and, under certain circumstances, may be joint and several, resulting in one PRP being held responsible for the entire obligation. Liability may also include damages to natural resources. On occasion we are involved in such investigations and/or cleanup, and also have been or could be named as a PRP in environmental matters.
The discovery of additional contamination, including at acquired facilities, the imposition of more stringent environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including cleanup requirements, disputes with our insurers or the
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insolvency of other responsible parties could require us to incur significant capital expenditures or operating costs materially in excess of our accruals. Future investigations we undertake may lead to discoveries of contamination that must be remediated, and decisions to close facilities may trigger remediation requirements that are not currently applicable. We may also face liability for alleged personal injury or property damage due to exposure to hazardous substances used or disposed of by us, contained within our current or former products, or present in the soil or groundwater at our current or former facilities. We could incur significant costs in connection with such liabilities. See Item 8, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
Certain subsidiaries are subject to litigation, including product liability and other claims, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We may be subject to product liability and other claims if the use of our products, or the exposure to our products or their raw materials, is alleged to have resulted in injury or other adverse effects. We currently maintain product liability insurance coverage but we cannot assure that we will be able to obtain such insurance on commercially reasonable terms in the future, if at all, or that any such insurance will provide adequate coverage against claims. Litigation and product liability claims can be expensive to defend and can divert the attention of management and other personnel for long periods of time, regardless of the ultimate outcome. In addition, our business depends on the strong brand reputation we have developed; if this reputation is damaged as a result of litigation or product liability claims, it may be difficult to maintain our pricing positions and market share with respect to our products. Therefore, an unsuccessful litigation matter or product liability defense could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. See Item 8, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies for additional details.
Our inability to achieve our sustainability strategy goals and targets could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Achieving our sustainability strategy goals and targets included in our annual Sustainability Report may be impacted by factors such as availability of resources, technological advances, legislative and regulatory changes, and customer or supplier requirements, many of which are not in our control. We are committed to meeting these goals and targets, however, the inability to do so could adversely impact our business or financial condition. Also, changing standards for measuring and reporting on applicable sustainability metrics could result in increased costs and adversely impact our results of operations or cash flows. Additionally, if our sustainability strategy and initiatives are misaligned with evolving stakeholder expectations, it could negatively impact our reputation.
Risks Related to the Spin-Off Transaction
If the Spin-Off Transaction does not qualify as a tax-free reorganization and distribution for purposes of U.S. federal income taxes, we may be subject to substantial additional taxes.
In connection with the Spin-Off Transaction, we obtained a tax opinion and a private letter ruling from the IRS (“IRS Ruling”) as to certain aspects relevant to treatment of the various steps of the transaction as tax-free to us and our shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The tax opinion and IRS Ruling are based on certain factual representations and assumptions and covenants of the parties to the transaction. If any of the factual representations and assumptions are materially false or incorrect, or one or more of the relevant covenants are breached, the validity of the tax opinion and IRS Ruling could be impaired. Furthermore, a tax opinion only represents counsel’s best legal judgment, and is not binding on the IRS or the courts, which may disagree with the opinion.
If the IRS determines that some or all of the transactions comprising the Spin-Off Transaction are taxable to us, we and our shareholders at the time of the transaction could be subject to significant additional U.S federal and state income taxes. In certain circumstances, we would be entitled to indemnity from Regal Rexnord Corporation for all or a portion of such additional tax, but there is no assurance that Regal Rexnord Corporation would have the ability to satisfy any such indemnity obligation.
Risks Related to the Merger with Elkay
We recorded substantial goodwill and other intangible assets as a result of the Merger that could become impaired and result in material non-cash charges to our results of operations in the future.
We account for the Merger as an acquisition of a business in accordance with GAAP. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets and liabilities of Elkay and its subsidiaries have been recorded, as of the completion of the Merger, at their respective fair values. Our reported financial condition and results of operations for periods after completion of the Merger reflect Elkay’s balances and results but have not been restated retroactively to reflect the historical financial position or results of operations of Elkay and its subsidiaries for periods prior to the Merger. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price was allocated to Elkay’s tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets based on their fair values as of the date of completion of the Merger. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values was recorded as goodwill. To
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the extent the value of goodwill or intangibles becomes impaired in the future, we may be required to incur material non-cash charges relating to such impairment. Our operating results may be significantly impacted from both the impairment and the underlying trends in the business that triggered the impairment.
Our results may suffer if we do not effectively manage our expanded operations following the Merger.
Following the Merger, the size of our business has increased significantly. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to manage this expanded business, resulting in risks and uncertainties, including the need to efficiently and timely integrate the operations and business of Elkay, to combine systems and management controls, and to integrate relationships with customers, vendors and business partners.
Sales of substantial amounts of the Zurn Elkay Common Stock in the open market by the former Elkay stockholders could depress the trading price of our common stock.
The former Elkay stockholders may wish to dispose of some or all of the Zurn Elkay Common Stock that they received in the Merger. These sales may adversely affect the trading price of our Common Stock.
Certain former stockholders of Elkay have registration rights, the exercise of which could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.
In connection with the Merger, the Company and certain stockholders of Elkay entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, pursuant to which such stockholders have a right to demand registration of one public offering within the first three years after the closing of the Merger, subject to certain minimum and maximum thresholds and other customary conditions. The existence and potential or actual exercise of such rights could adversely impact the market price of our Common Stock.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.
Zurn Elkay’s management and Board recognize the importance of robust oversight of cybersecurity risk, information security, and technology risk in maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, partners, employees, and stockholders. The Audit Committee, on behalf of the Board, oversees the Company’s material financial and other risk exposures, including risks related to cybersecurity. Our Board has extensive cybersecurity experience, including two members of the Audit Committee who have received a certificate in cybersecurity oversight from the Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute. Cybersecurity risk also is monitored, assessed and managed as part of the Company’s integrated Enterprise Risk Management program. A cybersecurity governance council, comprised of executive leaders, including the two members of the Audit Committee with cybersecurity experience, meets at least quarterly to review the Company’s cybersecurity program and its effectiveness. This cybersecurity governance council receives updates and reports from the Company’s global cybersecurity team (discussed below) on the cybersecurity program and its effectiveness relating to the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) provides periodic updates to the Audit Committee on any material initiatives and key updates on the cybersecurity program and its effectiveness, including any material threats. The CIO also provides an annual update regarding information security to the full Board. The CIO has more than 36 years of information technology experience, including approximately 18 years serving as a CIO.
To assess, identify and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats and to prevent, detect and respond to cybersecurity threats, including threats associated with the use of third-party service providers, the Company has a robust cybersecurity program. The Company’s global cybersecurity team, overseen by the CIO, implements policies and procedures and uses a balanced approach to validate the effectiveness of the program, leveraging third party expert security resources, information technology resources, executive business leadership, internal and external audit, third-party vendors and other IT and business partners. The program uses a combination of standards and best practices from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center of Internet Security, third-party vendor partners, and other industry forums. Annually, the program is assessed both internally and externally, including a thorough industry benchmarking, maturity assessments, best practice reviews, and risk assessments, with control validation occurring monthly internally (focused on core critical controls), quarterly (focused on vulnerabilities/cyber-incident simulations) and annually (focused on a review of best practices) via third-party vendors and partners, and annually via external third parties, including the conduct of internal/external penetration tests and tabletop exercises. Third-party service providers are assessed initially based on security questionnaires and the access of third-party service providers is audited annually and/or with any change in circumstances. Third-party service providers are also monitored through a combination of security information and event management technology and managed detection response services. The CIO provides key results and findings from these assessments to the cybersecurity governance council and Audit
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Committee. The Company has a robust incident response plan intended to help provide timely remediation to cybersecurity incidents and also to help provide notice of any material incidents to the appropriate internal and external entities.
To help associates acquire the knowledge to support the protection of our environment, the Company provides comprehensive annual security awareness training, periodic information updates, and regular testing/training programs. In addition, the Company annually purchases a cybersecurity insurance policy.
The Company depends heavily on information technology infrastructure to manage our business objectives and operations, support our customers’ requirements and protect sensitive information. To date, the Company has not experienced a cybersecurity threat or cybersecurity incident that has materially affected the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. While the Company has a robust cybersecurity program in place and has taken steps to maintain and enhance its cybersecurity, a material security breach could impede the Company’s ability to carry on business in the normal course.
As we have previously described in Item 1A, Risk Factors, there have been significant and increasing instances of data and security breaches, malicious interference with technology systems and industrial espionage involving companies in numerous industries, including cloud providers, and cybersecurity threats are becoming more complex. In addition, at times a large percentage of our workforce may be working remotely, which may heighten these risks. While we have taken steps to maintain and enhance our cybersecurity by implementing additional security technologies, internal controls, network and data center resiliency, redundancy and disaster recovery processes and backup systems, upgrading our remote work environment and by obtaining insurance coverage, these measures may be inadequate and our technology systems could be vulnerable to disability, failures, or unauthorized access. As a result, any inability by us to successfully manage our information systems, or respond effectively to any attack on or interference with our systems, including matters related to system and data security, privacy, reliability, compliance, performance and access, problems related to our systems caused by natural disasters, security breaches or malicious attacks, misuse of artificial intelligence tools, and any inability of these systems to fulfill their intended business purpose, could impede our ability to record or process orders, manufacture and ship in a timely manner, account for and collect receivables, protect sensitive data of the Company, our customers, our employees, our suppliers and other business partners, comply with our third party obligations of confidentiality and care, or otherwise carry on business in the normal course. Any such events could require costly remediation beyond levels covered by insurance and could cause us to lose customers and/or revenue, including as a result of legal or regulatory claims or proceedings, or damage our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. We are also subject to an increasing number of evolving data privacy and security laws and regulations that impose requirements on us. We collect, store, access and otherwise process various types of confidential or sensitive data, including proprietary business information, personal data and other information that is subject to privacy and security laws, regulations and/or customer-imposed controls. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in the imposition of fines, penalties and other costs.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
As of December 31, 2024, we had 27 principal manufacturing and warehouse facilities as set forth below: 
Total Square Feet
LocationNumber of FacilitiesOwnedLeased
USA
Arizona1— 46,100 
California2157,500 186,100 
Georgia1— 262,600 
Illinois4590,500 286,800 
North Carolina5392,200 415,500 
Ohio142,500 — 
Pennsylvania4119,000 216,000 
Texas3175,000 284,200 
International
Canada472,600 195,600 
Mexico1106,100 — 
United Arab Emirates1— 6,000 
We believe our principal manufacturing and warehouse facilities are suitable for our operations and provide sufficient capacity for our current and future anticipated needs.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
Information with respect to our legal proceedings is contained in Item 8, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.

            *                *                *
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Information about our Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information concerning our executive officers as of the date of this report:
NameAgePosition(s)In Current Position(s) since
Todd A. Adams54Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer2020
David J. Pauli42Chief Financial Officer2024
Sudhanshu Chhabra58Vice President, Zurn Elkay Business Systems2018
Jeffrey J. LaValle46Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary2022
Mark W. Peterson53Chief Administrative Officer2024
Jeffrey A. Schoon43President2024
Michael D. Troutman58Chief Information Officer2007
Information about the business experience of our executive officers during at least the past five fiscal years is as follows:
Todd A. Adams became our Chairman of the Board in 2020 and Chief Executive Officer in 2009. Mr. Adams joined us in 2004, and has served in various roles of increasing responsibility, including President and Chief Financial Officer.
David J. Pauli became our Chief Financial Officer in 2024. Mr. Pauli joined Zurn Elkay in 2012, and has served in various roles of increasing responsibility, including Vice President and Controller from 2016 to 2024, Vice President - Investor Relations since 2021, and a divisional CFO. Prior to joining Zurn Elkay, Mr. Pauli was with Deloitte. Mr. Pauli is a certified public accountant.
Sudhanshu Chhabra became Vice President, Zurn Elkay Business Systems in 2018. Mr. Chhabra was a sector President and Regional Executive - India from 2016 to 2018 after having joined Zurn Elkay in 2014 as President & Regional Executive for India and the Middle East. Prior to joining Zurn Elkay, Mr. Chhabra served in various positions with Danaher Corporation, a diversified manufacturer, most recently as President – Asia, Gilbarco Veeder-Root Inc. and as Managing Director – India, Gilbarco Veeder-Root Inc.
Jeffrey J. LaValle became our Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in 2022. Mr. LaValle previously served as our Assistant General Counsel since 2013. Prior to joining Zurn Elkay, Mr. LaValle was a partner at Quarles & Brady LLP, a national full-service law firm.
Mark W. Peterson became our Chief Administrative Officer in 2024. Mr. Peterson previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2011 to 2024 and, prior to that, as Vice President and Controller of Zurn Elkay and as a divisional CFO since joining the Company in 2006.
Jeffrey A. Schoon became President of Zurn Elkay in 2024. Mr. Schoon previously served as Executive Vice President of Zurn Elkay since 2022 and previously served in various roles with our former Process & Motion Control business since 2010 (including as an employee of Regal Rexnord Corporation during portions of 2021 and 2022), and as Vice President General Manager of the Energy Division.
Michael D. Troutman became Zurn Elkay's Chief Information Officer at Zurn Elkay in 2007 and an executive officer in 2017. Before joining Zurn Elkay, he was with AT&T, Lucent, and Agere Systems in various senior information technology positions implementing global industry leading solutions and processes.
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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Shares of our common stock trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “ZWS”. As of February 5, 2025, there were 24 holders of record of our common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of Zurn Elkay common stock are beneficial holders, whose shares of record are held by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.
Dividend Policy
On February 1, 2024, May 2, 2024, and July 25, 2024 our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of $0.08 per share. On October 23, 2024 and January 30, 2025 our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of $0.09 per share. The decision whether to continue to pay dividends in the future will be made by our Board of Directors in light of conditions then existing, including factors such as our results of operations, financial condition and requirements, business conditions and covenants under any applicable borrowing agreements and other contractual arrangements.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In fiscal 2015, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") authorizing the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. On January 27, 2020, our Board of Directors approved increasing the remaining share repurchase authority under the Repurchase Program to $300.0 million. On February 8, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved increasing the remaining share repurchase authority under the Repurchase Program to $500.0 million. The Repurchase Program does not require us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not specify the timing of purchases or the prices to be paid; however, the program will continue until the maximum amount of dollars authorized has been expended or until it is modified or terminated by the Board. During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased approximately $20.3 million and $150.2 million, respectively, of our common stock. The remaining repurchase authority under the Repurchase Program at December 31, 2024 was $240.2 million.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Total Number of Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per ShareTotal Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)Maximum Approximate Dollar Value that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
Period
October 1 - October 31, 2024227,728 $36.49 227,728 $252,236,711 
November 1 - November 30, 2024144,698 $39.25 144,698 $246,554,377 
December 1 - December 31, 2024161,142 $39.26 161,142 $240,224,683 
  Total/Average533,568 $38.08 533,568 

(1)See explanation of the Repurchase Program above.
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Performance Graph
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total shareholder return of our common stock with the Standard & Poor's (the "S&P") 500 Index and the S&P 1500 Industrials Index for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and our preceding nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2020. The graph assumes the value of the investment in our common stock and each index was $100 on March 31, 2020, and that all dividends were reinvested. The shareholder return shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future performance and the indices included do not necessarily reflect management's opinion that such indices are an appropriate measure of the relative performance of Zurn Elkay's stock.
752
3/31/202012/31/202012/31/202112/31/202212/31/202312/31/2024
Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation (1)$100 $174 $327 $190 $264 $335 
S&P 500 Index$100 $145 $184 $149 $185 $228 
S&P 1500 Industrials Index$100 $152 $184 $169 $200 $231 

(1)Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation historical prices were adjusted to reflect the impact of the Spin-Off Transaction that was completed on October 4, 2021.


ITEM 6.

[Reserved]
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ITEM 7.     MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion of results of operations and financial condition includes periods prior to the acquisition of Elkay. Our financial performance includes the Elkay business subsequent to July 1, 2022, the date of the acquisition. Accordingly, the discussion and analysis does not reflect any impact of the Elkay transaction prior to the closing date.
We completed the spin-off of our Process & Motion Control platform ("PMC") on October 4, 2021 in the Spin-Off Transaction, and, accordingly, the results of operations and financial condition associated with PMC have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented. As a result, the following discussion of results of operations and financial condition is centered on the Zurn Elkay Water Solutions business excluding PMC. The consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 have not been adjusted to separately disclose cash flows related to the discontinued operations. See Item 8, Note 4, Discontinued Operations for additional information on cash flows associated with the discontinued operations.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in the "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this report. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. See also "Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" found elsewhere in this report.
The information contained in this section is provided as a supplement to the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and results of our operations. This section is organized as follows:
Company Overview. This section provides a general description of our business.
Financial Statement Presentation. This section provides a brief description of certain items and accounting policies that appear in our financial statements and general factors that impact these items.
Critical Accounting Estimates. This section discusses the accounting policies and estimates that we consider to be important to our financial condition and results of operations and that require significant judgment and estimates by management in their application.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. This section cites the discussion of new or revised accounting pronouncements and standards in Item 8, Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements.
Overview of Recent Developments. This section provides a description of the recent events impacting our results of operations.
Results of Operations. This section provides an analysis of our results of operations. In providing analysis of the results of our operations, we have provided a comparison of our year ended December 31, 2024 to the year ended December 31, 2023. A discussion of the financial performance for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 can be found within "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2023 Form 10-K.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures. This section provides an explanation of certain financial measures we use that are not in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").
Covenant Compliance. This section provides a discussion of certain restrictive covenants in our credit agreement.
Liquidity and Capital Resources. This section provides an analysis of our cash flows and year-to-year comparisons for our years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, as well as a discussion of our indebtedness and its potential effects on our liquidity. A discussion of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 can be found within "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2023 Form 10-K.
Contractual Obligations. This section provides a discussion of our commitments as of December 31, 2024.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. This section discusses our exposure to potential losses arising from adverse changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates.
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Company Overview
We are a growth-oriented, pure-play water management business that designs, procures, manufactures, and markets what we believe to be the broadest sustainable product portfolio of specification-driven water management solutions to improve health, hydration, human safety and the environment. Our product portfolio includes professional grade water safety and control products, flow systems products, hygienic and environmental products, and filtered drinking water products for public and private spaces that deliver superior value to building owners, positively impact the environment and human hygiene and reduce product installation time. Zurn Elkay's heritage of innovation and specification has allowed us to provide highly-engineered, mission-critical solutions to customers for decades and affords us the privilege of having long-term, valued relationships with market leaders. We operate in a disciplined way and the Zurn Elkay Business System (“ZEBS”) is our operating philosophy. Grounded in the spirit of continuous improvement, ZEBS creates a scalable, process-based framework that focuses on driving superior customer satisfaction and financial results by targeting world-class operating performance throughout all aspects of our business.
Refer to Item 1, Business for additional information.
Financial Statement Presentation
The following paragraphs provide a brief description of certain items and accounting policies that appear in our financial statements and general factors that impact these items.
Net sales. Net sales represent gross sales less deductions taken for sales returns and allowances and incentive rebate programs.
Cost of sales. Cost of sales includes all costs of manufacturing required to bring a product to a ready for sale condition. Such costs include direct and indirect materials, direct and indirect labor costs, including fringe benefits, supplies, utilities, depreciation, freight and shipping, insurance, pension and other postretirement benefits, information technology costs and other manufacturing related costs.
The largest component of our cost of sales is cost of materials, which represented approximately 33% of net sales in the year ended December 31, 2024. We purchase a broad range of materials and components throughout the world in connection with our manufacturing activities. Major raw materials and components include bronze, iron, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, zinc, and engineered plastics. We have a strategic sourcing program that is designed to significantly reduce the number of direct and indirect suppliers we use and to lower the cost of purchased materials.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include sales and marketing, finance and administration, engineering and technical services and warehousing. Our major cost elements include salary and wages, fringe benefits, insurance, depreciation, advertising, travel and information technology costs.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying our critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an on-going basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our experience and assumptions form the basis for our judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may vary from what we anticipate and different assumptions or estimates about the future could change our reported results. Within the context of these critical accounting policies, we are not currently aware of any reasonably likely event that would result in materially different amounts being reported.
We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to us in that they are important to our financial statements and they require difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. For additional information, see Item 8, Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements.
Purchase accounting and business combinations. Assets acquired and the liabilities assumed as part of a business combination are recognized separately from goodwill at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. We review and consider input from outside specialists, if and when appropriate to develop discount rates, and use estimates and assumptions about the future performance of the business to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. We may refine these estimates during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date. As a result, during the measurement period, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset recorded to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations.
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Impairment of intangible assets and tangible fixed assets. The carrying value of long-lived assets, including amortizable intangible assets and tangible fixed assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment of amortizable intangible assets and tangible fixed assets is generally determined by comparing projected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset, or group of assets, to its carrying value. If impairment is identified, a loss is recorded equal to the excess of the asset's net book value over its fair value, and the cost basis is adjusted. Determination of the fair value requires various estimates including internal cash flow estimates generated from the asset, quoted market prices and appraisals as appropriate to determine fair value. Actual results could vary from these estimates. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $7.4 million and $2.5 million of fixed asset impairment charges, respectively. The Company recognized no impairment charges during the during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Goodwill, trademarks and certain tradenames have indefinite lives and are not amortized. However, the goodwill and intangible assets are tested annually for impairment, and may be tested more frequently if any triggering events occur that would reduce the recoverability of the asset. In conducting the annual impairment test for goodwill, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (greater than 50% likelihood) the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment determines an impairment is more likely than not, we are required to perform a quantitative impairment test. Otherwise, no further analysis is required. Alternatively, we may elect to proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. In conducting a quantitative assessment, we use a discounted cash flow methodology based on future business projections and a market value approach (guideline public company comparables). We perform our goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value up to the amount of the recorded goodwill.
During the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2024, we completed our annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests and elected to perform a qualitative assessment. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a $0.6 million impairment charge related to an indefinite-lived tradename no longer used. No intangible asset impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Retirement benefits. We have significant pension and post-retirement benefit income and expense and assets/liabilities that are developed from actuarial valuations. These valuations include key assumptions regarding discount rates, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates, compensation increases, and the current health care cost trend rate. We consider current market conditions in selecting these assumptions. Changes in the related pension and post-retirement benefit income/costs or assets/liabilities may occur in the future due to changes in the assumptions and changes in asset values.
We recognize the net actuarial gains or losses in excess of unrecognized gain or loss exceeding 10 percent of the greater of the market-related value of plan assets or the plan's projected benefit obligation at re-measurement (the "corridor") in our consolidated statements of operations during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year (or upon any re-measurement date). During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we recognized a non-cash actuarial gain from continuing operations of $1.4 million, $2.0 million, and $1.9 million, respectively, in connection with re-measurements of our plans. Net periodic benefit costs recorded on a quarterly basis are primarily comprised of service and interest cost and the expected return on plan assets. See Item 8, Note 15, Retirement Benefits for additional information.
The obligation for other postretirement benefits other than pension also is actuarially determined and is affected by assumptions including the discount rate and expected future increase in per capita costs of covered other postretirement health care benefits. Changes in the discount rate and differences between actual and assumed per capita health care costs may affect the recorded amount of the expense in future periods.
Income taxes. We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. In October 2021, more than 130 countries agreed to implement Pillar 2, a plan introduced by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) providing for a global minimum tax rate of 15% (calculated on a country-by-country basis) for those companies having consolidated revenue of at least €750 million. The implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax rules has begun to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. The main purpose of such rules is to minimize tax base erosion and profit shifting from higher tax jurisdictions to lower tax jurisdictions by multi-national companies. On February 1, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) indicated that they view the minimum tax (“Top-Up Tax”) imposed under Pillar 2 as an alternative minimum tax, and as such, it should be recognized in the period incurred versus recognizing or adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities. On February 2, 2023, the OECD issued various administrative guidance including transitional safe harbor rules available in conjunction with the implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax. Based upon the current OECD rules and administrative guidance, as well as the related legislation of those countries which has been enacted to date, the Company does not anticipate being subject to material Top-Up Taxes. The
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Company is continuing to monitor the potential impact of the Pillar 2 proposals and developments on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, including eligibility for any transitional safe harbor rules.
We assess our income tax positions and record tax liabilities for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts and circumstances and information available at the reporting dates. For those income tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not, based on technical merits, that a tax benefit will be sustained upon the conclusion of an examination, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit having a cumulatively greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the applicable taxing authority, assuming that it has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those tax positions which do not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold regarding the ultimate realization of the related tax benefit, no tax benefit has been recorded in the financial statements. In addition, we provide for interest and penalties, as applicable, and record such amounts as a component of the overall income tax provision. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $1.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively.
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities, net operating losses (“NOL’s”), tax credit and other carryforwards. We regularly review our deferred tax assets for recoverability and establish a valuation allowance based on historical losses, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. As a result of this review, we established a full valuation allowance against U.S. federal and state capital loss carryforwards, as well as certain foreign NOL carryforwards and related deferred tax assets, and continues to maintain a partial valuation allowance against certain U.S. state NOL and tax credit carryforwards. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, valuation allowances of $9.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively, were recorded against our deferred tax assets. See Item 8, Note 16, Income Taxes for additional information.
Commitments and Contingencies. We are subject to proceedings, lawsuits and other claims related to environmental, labor, product and other matters. We are required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters as well as potential ranges of probable losses. We determine the amount of accruals needed, if any, for each individual issue based on our professional knowledge and experience and discussions with legal counsel. The required accruals may change in the future due to new developments in each matter, the ultimate resolution of each matter or changes in approach, such as change in strategy. See Item 8, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Item 8, Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies regarding recent accounting pronouncements.
Overview of Recent Developments
Divestiture of Asbestos Liabilities and Certain Assets
On December 15, 2023, Zurn Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) sold all of the equity interests of its direct subsidiary Zurn Industries, LLC (“Zurn Industries”), together with Zurn Industries’ direct and indirect subsidiaries that primarily held asbestos liabilities, certain assets and cash, in a stock sale transaction to an unaffiliated buyer (“Sale Transaction”). As a result of the Sale Transaction, all asbestos obligations and liabilities, related insurance assets and associated deferred taxes, and other assets sold to the buyer, have been removed from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet effective December 15, 2023 and the Company no longer has any obligation with respect to pending and future asbestos claims related to the divested entities. A loss on the divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets of $11.4 million was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
See Item 8, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies for more information.
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Elkay Merger
On July 1, 2022, we completed the Elkay Merger for a purchase price (after final purchase price adjustments) of $1,457.8 million. Elkay, a market leader of filtered drinking water solutions and commercial sinks, complements our existing product portfolio. The purchase price includes $1,411.9 million of our common stock based on the closing stock price of $27.48 per share on July 1, 2022, and $45.9 million of net cash payments for the repayment of Elkay's term loan and Elkay's transaction related costs outstanding that were in excess of Elkay's cash and cash equivalents at the time of closing. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, we issued 51,564,524 shares of our common stock, which represented approximately 29% of outstanding shares immediately following the Merger. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we completed the final purchase price adjustments and the adjusted purchase price is reflected in the purchase price amounts above, following the return of 186,020 of the shares issued at closing to us as a result of lower working capital and cash balances at closing compared to targets stipulated in the merger agreement. The shares returned to us were canceled upon receipt. We incurred transaction-related costs of approximately $33.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. These costs were associated with legal and professional services and were recognized as selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
See Item 8, Note 3, Acquisitions for more information.
Discontinued Operations
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed the spin-off of our PMC platform. The operating results of PMC are reported as discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented, as the Spin-Off Transaction represented a strategic shift that had a major impact on our operations and financial results. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we received $35.0 million from Regal Rexnord Corporation as a result of the final working capital and cash balances at closing exceeding the targets stipulated in the Spin-Off Transaction agreement.
The major components of the Income from discontinued operations, net of tax presented in the consolidated statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 are included in the table below (in millions):
Year Ended
(1)(1)(2)
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Selling, general and administrative income(0.7)(8.4)(2.9)
Income from discontinued operations before income tax0.7 8.4 2.9 
Income tax benefit0.6 0.1 1.8 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$1.3 $8.5 $4.7 
____________________
(1)Selling, general and administrative income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include the release of certain accruals as a result of costs the Company will no longer incur related to the Spin-Off Transaction.
(2)Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 include the release of certain accruals as a result of costs we are obligated to under indemnification being lower than original estimates.
See Item 8, Note 4, Discontinued Operations for more information.
Restructuring and Other Similar Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we continued to execute various restructuring actions. These initiatives were intended to drive efficiencies and reduce operating costs while also modifying our footprint to reflect changes in the markets we serve, the impact of acquisitions on our overall manufacturing capacity and the refinement of our overall product portfolio. These restructuring actions primarily resulted in workforce reductions, lease termination costs, and other facility rationalization costs. We expect to continue executing similar initiatives to optimize our operating margin and manufacturing footprint. As such, we expect further expenses related to workforce reductions, potential impairment of assets, lease termination costs, and other facility rationalization costs.
We recorded restructuring charges of $13.5 million, $15.3 million and $15.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. See Item 8, Note 5, Restructuring and Other Similar Charges for more information.


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Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net sales
(Dollars in Millions)
Year Ended
December 31,
2024		December 31,
2023		Change% Change
Net sales$1,566.5 $1,530.5 $36.0 2.4 %

Net sales were $1,566.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a 2.4% increase year over year. Core sales growth of 3%, including growth in nearly all product categories, was offset by a 100 basis point impact from the planned exit of certain residential sink products.
Income from operations
(Dollars in Millions)
Year Ended
December 31,
2024		December 31,
2023		Change% Change
Income from operations$244.6 $191.4 $53.2 27.8 %
% of net sales
15.6 %12.5 %3.1 %
Income from operations was $244.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, or 15.6% of net sales, compared to income from operations of $191.4 million, or 12.5% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales increased by 310 basis points year over year due to the benefits resulting from productivity synergies and restructuring actions related to the Elkay Merger, as well as lower material costs and restructuring costs. The prior year also included a $11.4 million loss on divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets. See Item 8, Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies for more information.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net was $33.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $38.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in interest expense, net as compared to the prior year period is due to interest earned on higher cash balances and reduced interest expense due to the prior year voluntary prepayment on the Term Loan of $60.0 million. See Item 8, Note 11, Long-Term Debt for more information.
Loss on extinguishment of debt
There was no loss on the extinguishment of debt recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized a $0.9 million loss on the extinguishment of debt in connection with the write off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs due to a $60.0 million Term Loan voluntary prepayment. See Item 8, Note 11, Long-Term Debt for more information.
Actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations
Actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $1.4 million compared to a gain of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The non-cash actuarial gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024, was primarily due to a combination of discount rate increases coupled with demographic and claims gains experienced during 2024 that were reflected in the other post-retirement benefit plans. These gains were partially offset by an increase in the medical cost growth assumption from the prior measurement. The non-cash actuarial gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to demographic gains experienced during 2023 that were reflected in other postretirement benefits plans. In addition, the post 65 medical provider options changed resulting in much lower premiums for the plans. Those gains were partially offset by a decrease in the discount rate from the prior measurement. See Item 8, Note 15, Retirement Benefits for more information.
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Other income (expense), net
Other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $5.9 million compared to other expense, net of $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Other expense, net consists primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses, the non-service cost components associated with our defined benefit plans and other non-operational gains and losses. The year-over-year change is primarily driven by income recognized in connection with an insurance settlement in the prior year, partly offset by accruals for estimated environmental remediation costs in the prior year, foreign currency gains and lower defined benefit plan costs in the current year.
Provision for income taxes
The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $48.1 million, or an effective tax rate of 23.2%. The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was above the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the accrual of additional income taxes associated with compensation deduction limitations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the accrual of various state income taxes and the accrual of foreign income taxes, which are generally above the U.S. federal statutory rate, partially offset by the recognition of income tax benefits associated with share-based payments and the recognition of certain previously unrecognized tax benefits due to the lapse of the applicable statutes of limitations. The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $42.6 million, or an effective tax rate of 29.0%. The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was above the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the accrual of additional income taxes associated with compensation deduction limitations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the accrual of various state income taxes, the nondeductible loss on divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets and the accrual of foreign income taxes, which are generally above the U.S. federal statutory rate, partially offset by the recognition of income tax benefits associated with share-based payments.
Net income from continuing operations
Our net income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $158.9 million, compared to net income from continuing operations of $104.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as a result of the factors described above. Diluted net income per share from continuing operations was $0.91 per share for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $0.59 per share for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Net income
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $160.2 million compared to $112.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Diluted net income per share was $0.92 per share for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $0.64 per share for the year ended December 31, 2023. Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, was $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The year-over-year change in net income is primarily the result of the factors described above.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-GAAP financial measures are intended to supplement and not replace financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following non-GAAP financial measures are utilized by management in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis. We believe that these financial measures are appropriate to enhance an overall understanding of our underlying operating performance trends compared to historical and prospective periods and our peers. Management also believes that these measures are useful to investors in their analysis of our results of operations and provide improved comparability between fiscal periods as well as insight into the compliance with our debt covenants. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information calculated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
Core sales
Core sales excludes the impact of mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency translation. Management believes that core sales facilitates easier and more meaningful comparisons of our net sales performance with prior and future periods and to our peers. We exclude the effect of mergers and acquisitions and divestitures because the nature, size and number of mergers and acquisitions and divestitures can vary dramatically from period to period and between us and our peers, and can also obscure underlying business trends and make comparisons of long-term performance difficult. We exclude the effect of foreign currency translation from this measure because the volatility of currency translation is not under management's control.
EBITDA
EBITDA represents earnings before interest and other debt related activities, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is presented because it is an important supplemental measure of performance and it is frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. EBITDA is also presented and compared by analysts and investors in evaluating our ability to meet debt service obligations. Other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA differently. EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities or as a measure of liquidity or an alternative to net income as indicators of operating performance or any other measures of performance derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because EBITDA is calculated before recurring cash charges, including interest expense and taxes, and is not adjusted for capital expenditures or other recurring cash requirements of the business, it should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash available to invest in the growth of the business.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure because, under our credit agreement, our ability to incur certain types of acquisition debt and certain types of subordinated debt, make certain types of acquisitions or asset exchanges, operate our business and make dividends or other distributions, all of which will impact our financial performance, is impacted by our Adjusted EBITDA, as our lenders measure our performance with a Net First Lien Leverage Ratio by comparing our senior secured bank indebtedness to our Adjusted EBITDA (see "Covenant Compliance" for additional discussion of this ratio, including a reconciliation to our net income). "Adjusted EBITDA" is the term we use to describe EBITDA as defined and adjusted in our credit agreement, which is net income, adjusted for the items summarized in the table in the Covenant Compliance section. Adjusted EBITDA is intended to show our unleveraged, pre-tax operating results and therefore reflects our financial performance based on operational factors, excluding non-operational, non-cash or non-recurring losses or gains. It is also provided to aid investors in understanding our compliance with our debt covenants. Adjusted EBITDA is not a presentation made in accordance with GAAP, and our use of the term Adjusted EBITDA varies from others in our industry. This measure should not be considered as an alternative to net income, income from operations or any other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. For example, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect: (a) our capital expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; (b) changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) the significant interest expenses, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt; (d) tax payments that represent a reduction in cash available to us; (e) any cash requirements for the assets being depreciated and amortized that may have to be replaced in the future; or (f) the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters that we and the lenders under our credit agreement may not consider indicative of our ongoing operations. In particular, our definition of Adjusted EBITDA allows us to add back certain non-cash, non-operating or non-recurring charges that are deducted in calculating net income, even though these are expenses that may recur, vary greatly and are difficult to predict and can represent the effect of long-term strategies as opposed to short-term results.
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In addition, certain of these expenses added back in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can represent the reduction of cash that could be used for other corporate purposes. Further, although not included in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA in the Covenant Compliance section below, the measure may at times allow us to add estimated cost savings and operating synergies related to operational changes ranging from acquisitions or dispositions to restructuring, and/or exclude one-time transition expenditures that we anticipate incurring to realize cost savings before such savings have occurred.
The calculation of Adjusted EBITDA under our credit agreement as of December 31, 2024, is presented in the table in the Covenant Compliance section below. However, the results of such calculation could differ in the future based on the different types of adjustments that may be included in such respective calculations at the time. We reported net income in the year ended December 31, 2024, of $160.2 million and Adjusted EBITDA for the same period of $390.4 million. See "Covenant Compliance" for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net income.
Covenant Compliance
Our credit agreement, which governs our senior secured credit facilities, contains, among other provisions, restrictive covenants regarding indebtedness, payments and distributions, mergers and acquisitions, asset sales, affiliate transactions, capital expenditures and the maintenance of certain financial ratios. Payment of borrowings under the credit agreement may be accelerated if there is an event of default. Events of default include the failure to pay principal and interest when due, a material breach of a representation or warranty, certain non-payments or defaults under other indebtedness, covenant defaults, events of bankruptcy and a change of control. Certain covenants contained in the credit agreement restrict our ability to take certain actions, such as incurring additional debt or making acquisitions, if we are unable to meet a maximum Net First Lien Leverage Ratio (consolidated indebtedness to Adjusted EBITDA) of 5.0 to 1.0 as of the end of each fiscal quarter. As of December 31, 2024, our Net First Lien Leverage Ratio was 0.86 to 1.0. Failure to comply with these covenants could limit our long-term growth prospects by hindering our ability to borrow under the revolver, to obtain future debt and/or to make acquisitions.
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Set forth below is a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(in millions)Year Ended December 31, 2024
Net income$160.2 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax (1)(1.3)
Provision for income taxes48.1 
Actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations(1.4)
Other expense, net (2)5.9 
Interest expense, net33.1 
Depreciation and amortization88.3 
EBITDA332.9 
Adjustments to EBITDA
Restructuring and other similar charges (3)13.5 
Stock-based compensation expense37.9 
LIFO (4)5.5 
Other, net (5)0.6 
Subtotal of adjustments to EBITDA57.5 
Adjusted EBITDA390.4 
Consolidated indebtedness (6)$336.4 
Net First Lien Leverage Ratio (7)0.86 
____________________
(1)Income from discontinued operations, net of tax is not included in Adjusted EBITDA in accordance with the terms of our credit agreement.
(2)Other expense, net consists primarily of gains and losses from foreign currency transactions, the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit costs associated with our defined benefit plans and other non-operational gains and losses as defined in our credit agreement.
(3)In accordance with the terms in our credit agreement, restructuring and other similar charges is comprised of costs associated with workforce reductions, lease termination costs, and other facility rationalization costs.  See Item 8, Note 5, Restructuring and Other Similar Charges for more information.
(4)Last-in first-out (LIFO) inventory adjustments are excluded in calculating Adjusted EBITDA as defined in our credit agreement.
(5)Other, net consists of gains and losses on the disposition of long-lived assets in accordance with the terms of our credit agreement.
(6)Our credit agreement defines our consolidated indebtedness as the sum of all indebtedness (other than letters of credit or bank guarantees, to the extent undrawn) consisting of indebtedness for borrowed money and capitalized lease obligations, less unrestricted cash, which was $159.2 million (as defined by the credit agreement) at December 31, 2024.
(7)Our credit agreement defines the Net First Lien Leverage Ratio as the ratio of consolidated indebtedness (as described above) to Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing four fiscal quarters.

Liquidity and Capital Resources     
Our primary sources of liquidity are available cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations, and borrowing availability under our $200.0 million revolving credit facility.
As of December 31, 2024, we had $198.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $188.7 million of additional borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2024, the available borrowings under our credit facility were reduced by $11.3 million due to outstanding letters of credit. As of December 31, 2023, we had $136.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and $189.0 million of additional borrowing capacity. As of December 31, 2023, the available borrowings under our credit facility were reduced by $11.0 million, due to outstanding letters of credit.
Our revolving credit facility is available to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. We believe this resource is adequate for expected short-term and long-term needs.
Cash Flows
The consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 have not been adjusted to separately disclose cash flows related to the discontinued operations. Refer to Item 8, Note 4, Discontinued Operations for further information.
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Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared with the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2024, was $293.5 million compared to $253.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 due to higher net income, lower use of cash for trade working capital as well as benefits generated from ongoing productivity actions.
Cash used for investing activities was $20.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $4.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. Investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024, included $21.8 million of capital expenditures, which were partially offset by the receipt of $1.6 million from the sale of certain long-lived assets. Investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, included $21.3 million of capital expenditures, which were partially offset by the receipt of $9.0 million in connection with an insurance settlement and $7.7 million from the sale of certain long-lived assets.
Cash used for financing activities was $207.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $239.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. Financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 included $56.6 million of cash for the payment of dividends on our common stock, $150.2 million of cash for repurchases of our common stock, $0.8 million of net cash payments on outstanding debt, and $8.6 million of cash used for the payment of withholding taxes on employees' share-based payment awards, which were partially offset by $8.7 million of net cash proceeds associated with stock option exercises and Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") contributions. Financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 included $50.4 million of cash for the payment of dividends on our common stock, $125.1 million of cash for repurchases of our common stock, $64.9 million of net cash payments on outstanding debt, and $3.1 million of cash used for the payment of withholding taxes on employees' share-based payment awards, which were partially offset by $4.3 million of net cash proceeds associated with stock option exercises.
Indebtedness
As of December 31, 2024 we had $495.6 million of total indebtedness outstanding as follows (in millions):
Total Debt at December 31, 2024
Current Maturities of Long-Term DebtLong-term
Portion
Term loan (1)$475.0 $— $475.0 
Finance leases20.6 0.8 19.8 
Total$495.6 $0.8 $494.8 
____________________
(1)Includes unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of $5.4 million at December 31, 2024.
See Item 8, Note 11, Long-Term Debt for a description of our outstanding indebtedness.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet or non-consolidated special-purpose entities.
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Contractual Obligations
Our primary material cash requirements include the payment of interest and principal on our outstanding term loans and finance lease obligations, purchase commitments, operating lease obligations, and pension and other post-retirement plans.
The timing of principal payments associated with our term loan and finance lease obligations are disclosed in Item 8, Note 11, Long-Term Debt. We pay interest monthly based on prevailing interest rates at the time and the balance outstanding on our term loans and finance lease obligations.
Our operating lease obligations are primarily for real estate leases and automobile leases. See Item 8, Note 13, Leases for future minimum lease payments associated with our lease portfolio.
We have long-term obligations related to our deferred compensation, pension and other post-retirement plans that are summarized in Item 8, Note 15, Retirement Benefits.
As part of our global sourcing strategy, we have entered into agreements with key suppliers that require the supplier to maintain minimum levels of inventory to support certain products for which we require a short lead time to fulfill customer demand. We have the ability to notify the supplier that they no longer need to maintain the minimum level of inventory should we discontinue manufacturing a product during the contract period; however, we must purchase the remaining minimum inventory levels the supplier was required to maintain within a defined period of time.
We believe our cash flows from operations and existing borrowing capacity should be sufficient to satisfy our material cash requirements over the short-term and the long-term.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk during the normal course of business from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The exposure to these risks is managed through a combination of normal operating and financing activities and at times derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward contracts to cover certain known foreign currency transactional risks. We also have historically entered into interest rate derivatives to manage interest rate fluctuations.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to our operations in Canada. For our operations in Canada, exchange rates impact the U.S. Dollar ("USD") value of our reported earnings, our investments in the subsidiaries and the intercompany transactions with the subsidiaries.
Approximately 11% of our sales originated outside of the United States in the year ended December 31, 2024. Revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated into USD at the end of the fiscal period using the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also impact the USD amount of our stockholders' equity. The assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into USD at the exchange rates in effect at the end of the fiscal periods. As of December 31, 2024, stockholders' equity decreased by $10.0 million from December 31, 2023 as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments. If the USD strengthened by 10% as of December 31, 2024, the result would have decreased stockholders' equity by approximately $11.5 million.
As of December 31, 2024, we had not entered into foreign currency forward contracts.
Interest Rate Risk
Our indebtedness under the senior secured credit facilities bears interest at rates that fluctuate with changes in certain short-term prevailing interest rates. As of December 31, 2024, our outstanding borrowings under the term loan facility were $475.0 million (net of $5.4 million unamortized debt issuance costs) and bore a weighted-average effective interest rate of 6.42%, determined as Term SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor), plus a Term SOFR adjustment of 0.115%, plus an applicable margin of 2.00%. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the weighted-average interest rate was 7.28%.
Our net income is affected by changes in market interest rates on our variable-rate obligations. As discussed above, our term loan facilities bear interest at Term SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor), plus a Term SOFR adjustment plus an applicable margin. Therefore, a 100 basis point increase in Term SOFR above where it closed as of December 31, 2024 would increase the annual interest expense under our term loan facility by approximately $4.9 million.
ITEM 7A.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information with respect to the Company's market risk is contained under the caption "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
38

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K include the accounts of Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company").
Index to Financial Statements
Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023,
and December 31, 2022


39

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 10, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.
40

Pension Benefit Obligation
Description of the Matter
At December 31, 2024, the Company’s projected benefit obligation related to its pension plans was $210.6 million and exceeded the fair value of pension plan assets of $203.0 million, resulting in an unfunded defined benefit pension obligation of $7.6 million. As explained in Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company remeasures the pension assets and obligations at the end of each year or more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events. The amounts are measured using actuarial valuations, which are dependent, in part, on the selection of certain actuarial assumptions. Auditing the pension obligations was complex and required the involvement of specialists as a result of the complex nature of the actuarial assumptions, such as discount rates and mortality rates used in the Company’s annual remeasurement process. These assumptions had a significant effect on the projected benefit obligation.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s valuation of the projected benefit obligation. For example, we tested the Company’s controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions utilized in the valuation, including discount and mortality rates. To test the projected benefit obligation, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, evaluating the methodology used, the significant actuarial assumptions described above, and the underlying data used by the Company. We evaluated the change in the projected benefit obligation from the prior year due to the change in service cost, interest cost, actuarial gains and losses, benefit payments, and other activities. In addition, we involved our actuary to assist in evaluating management’s methodology for selecting the appropriate discount rates that reflect the maturity and duration of the expected benefit payments and applying those discount rates to the benefit payments used to measure the projected benefit obligation. To evaluate the mortality rates, we assessed whether the information is consistent with publicly available information, and whether any adjustments for entity-specific factors were applied.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
February 10, 2025

41

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and subsidiaries’ (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) and our report dated February 10, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
February 10, 2025
42

Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in Millions, except share amounts)
 
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$198.0 $136.7 
Receivables, net202.2 210.2 
Inventories, net272.6 277.6 
Income taxes receivable19.6 17.0 
Other current assets29.7 26.3 
Total current assets722.1 667.8 
Property, plant and equipment, net164.0 180.3 
Intangible assets, net891.6 952.4 
Goodwill794.2 796.0 
Other assets76.6 70.5 
Total assets$2,648.5 $2,667.0 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of debt$0.8 $0.9 
Trade payables71.7 56.4 
Compensation and benefits37.9 30.5 
Current portion of pension and other postretirement benefit obligations1.2 1.3 
Other current liabilities136.2 131.8 
Total current liabilities247.8 220.9 
Long-term debt494.8 494.4 
Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations14.1 36.6 
Deferred income taxes196.5 210.0 
Operating lease liability43.3 37.3 
Other liabilities65.2 65.0 
Total liabilities1,061.7 1,064.2 
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: 170,308,023 at December 31, 2024 and 172,262,163 at December 31, 2023
1.7 1.7 
Additional paid-in capital2,828.2 2,847.0 
Retained deficit(1,168.7)(1,178.2)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(74.4)(67.7)
Total stockholders' equity1,586.8 1,602.8 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$2,648.5 $2,667.0 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
43

Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in Millions, except share and per share amounts)
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Net sales$1,566.5 $1,530.5 $1,281.8 
Cost of sales859.5 882.4 816.3 
Gross profit707.0 648.1 465.5 
Selling, general and administrative expenses389.8 371.3 309.0 
Restructuring and other similar charges13.5 15.3 15.4 
Loss on divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets— 11.4 — 
Amortization of intangible assets59.1 58.7 34.0 
Income from operations244.6 191.4 107.1 
Non-operating expense:
Interest expense, net(33.1)(38.5)(26.9)
Loss on the extinguishment of debt— (0.9)— 
Actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations1.4 2.0 1.9 
Other income (expense), net(5.9)(7.2)1.7 
Income before income taxes207.0 146.8 83.8 
Provision for income taxes(48.1)(42.6)(26.8)
Net income from continuing operations158.9 104.2 57.0 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax1.3 8.5 4.7 
Net income$160.2 $112.7 $61.7 
Basic net income per share:
Continuing operations$0.92 $0.60 $0.38 
Discontinued operations$0.01 $0.05 $0.03 
Net income$0.93 $0.65 $0.41 
Diluted net income per share:
Continuing operations$0.91 $0.59 $0.37 
Discontinued operations$0.01 $0.05 $0.03 
Net income$0.92 $0.64 $0.40 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic171,686 174,251 151,581 
Effect of dilutive equity awards2,973 3,008 2,256 
Diluted174,659 177,259 153,837 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

44

Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in Millions)
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Net income$160.2 $112.7 $61.7 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments(10.0)3.6 (4.2)
Change in pension and other postretirement defined benefit plans, net of tax3.3 3.7 4.1 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(6.7)7.3 (0.1)
Total comprehensive income$153.5 $120.0 $61.6 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
45

Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in Millions)
Common
Stock		Additional
Paid-In
Capital		Retained
(Deficit)
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021$1.3 $1,436.9 $(1,236.9)$(74.9)$126.4 
Net income$— $— $61.7 $— $61.7 
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments— — — (4.2)(4.2)
Change in pension and other postretirement defined benefit plans, net of $2.2 million of income tax
— — — 4.1 4.1 
Total comprehensive income (loss)— — 61.7 (0.1)61.6 
Stock-based compensation expense— 23.2 — — 23.2 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options— 2.5 — — 2.5 
Taxes withheld and paid on employees' share-based payment awards— (0.7)— — (0.7)
Repurchase of common stock (1)— — (24.7)— (24.7)
Proceeds associated with divestiture of discontinued operations— — 35.0 — 35.0 
Elkay Merger (2)0.5 1,416.5 — — 1,417.0 
Common stock dividends ($0.20 per share)
— (25.3)— — (25.3)
Balance at December 31, 2022$1.8 $2,853.1 $(1,164.9)$(75.0)$1,615.0 
Net income$— $— $112.7 $— $112.7 
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments— — — 3.6 3.6 
Change in pension and other postretirement defined benefit plans, net of $1.2 million of income tax
— — — 3.7 3.7 
Total comprehensive income — — 112.7 7.3 120.0 
Stock-based compensation expense— 41.6 — — 41.6 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options— 4.3 — — 4.3 
Taxes withheld and paid on employees' share-based payment awards— (3.1)— — (3.1)
Repurchase of common stock (1)(0.1)— (126.0)— (126.1)
Elkay Merger (2)— (5.1)— — (5.1)
Common stock dividends ($0.29 per share)
— (43.8)— — (43.8)
Balance at December 31, 2023$1.7 $2,847.0 $(1,178.2)$(67.7)$1,602.8 
Net income$— $— $160.2 $— $160.2 
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments— — — (10.0)(10.0)
Change in pension and other postretirement defined benefit plans, net of $1.1 million of income tax
— — — 3.3 3.3 
Total comprehensive income— — 160.2 (6.7)153.5 
Stock-based compensation expense— 37.9 — — 37.9 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and ESPP contributions— 8.6 — — 8.6 
Taxes withheld and paid on employees' share-based payment awards— (8.6)— — (8.6)
Repurchase of common stock (1)— — (150.7)— (150.7)
Common stock dividends ($0.33 per share)
— (56.7)— — (56.7)
Balance at December 31, 2024$1.7 $2,828.2 $(1,168.7)$(74.4)$1,586.8 
____________________
(1)    During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company repurchased and canceled 4.7 million shares, 5.3 million shares and 1.1 million shares of common stock at a total cost of $150.2 million, $125.0 million and $24.7 million at an average price of $31.81, $23.66 and $23.00 per share, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.5 million and $1.0 million of excise tax on the repurchases, respectively. See Note 18, Common Stock Repurchases for additional information.
(2)    Refer to Note 3, Acquisitions for additional information regarding the Elkay Merger.
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
46

Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in Millions)
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Operating activities
Net income$160.2 $112.7 $61.7 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation29.2 29.2 20.5 
Amortization of intangible assets59.1 58.7 34.0 
Non-cash restructuring charges8.0 2.5 — 
Loss on divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets— 9.3 — 
Divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets— (13.0)— 
Loss (gain) on dispositions of long-lived assets0.6 (2.7)0.3 
Deferred income taxes(14.8)(4.2)0.5 
Other non-cash expenses5.1 1.9 4.8 
Actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations(1.4)(2.0)(1.9)
Loss on the extinguishment of debt— 0.9 — 
Stock-based compensation expense37.9 40.0 25.0 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables, net6.3 10.1 15.5 
Inventories, net2.7 65.0 (17.6)
Other assets1.4 2.5 36.5 
Accounts payable15.8 (60.8)(18.3)
Accruals and other(16.6)3.8 (64.0)
Cash provided by operating activities293.5 253.9 97.0 
Investing activities
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment(21.8)(21.3)(7.6)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired— — (44.8)
Proceeds from dispositions of long-lived assets1.6 7.7 1.3 
Proceeds from insurance claims— 9.0 9.5 
Proceeds associated with divestiture of discontinued operations— — 35.0 
Cash used for investing activities(20.2)(4.6)(6.6)
Financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings of debt— 13.0 102.0 
Repayments of debt(0.8)(77.9)(107.7)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and ESPP contributions8.7 4.3 2.5 
Taxes withheld and paid on employees' share-based payment awards(8.6)(3.1)(0.7)
Repurchase of common stock(150.2)(125.1)(24.7)
Payment of common stock dividends(56.6)(50.4)(32.5)
Cash used for financing activities(207.5)(239.2)(61.1)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(4.5)1.8 (1.1)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash61.3 11.9 28.2 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period (1)136.7 124.8 96.6 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (1)$198.0 $136.7 $124.8 
____________________
(1)    The Company has combined cash flows from discontinued operations with cash flows from continuing operations within operating, investing and financing categories.
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
47

Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2024

1. Basis of Presentation and Description of Business
The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation ("Zurn Elkay" or the "Company"), in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the periods presented.
Divestiture of Asbestos Liabilities and Certain Assets
On December 15, 2023, Zurn Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”) sold all of the equity interests of its direct subsidiary Zurn Industries, LLC (“Zurn Industries”), together with Zurn Industries’ direct and indirect subsidiaries that primarily held asbestos liabilities, certain assets and cash, in a stock sale transaction to an unaffiliated buyer (“Sale Transaction”). As a result of the Sale Transaction, all asbestos obligations and liabilities, related insurance assets and associated deferred taxes, and other assets sold to the buyer, have been removed from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet effective December 15, 2023 and the Company no longer has any obligation with respect to pending and future asbestos claims related to the divested entities. A loss on the divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets of $11.4 million was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. See Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.
Elkay Merger
On February 12, 2022, Zurn Water Solutions Corporation (“Zurn”) entered into a definitive agreement to combine with Elkay Manufacturing Company (“Elkay”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among Zurn, Elkay, Zebra Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Zurn (“Merger Sub”), and Elkay Interior Systems International, Inc., as representative of the stockholders of Elkay, providing for the merger of Elkay with and into Merger Sub, with Elkay surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Zurn (the “Merger”). On July 1, 2022, the Merger was completed following which the Company changed its name to “Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation”. Shares of the Company's common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “ZWS”. See Note 3, Acquisitions for additional information.
Spin-Off of Process & Motion Control Segment
On October 4, 2021, the Company completed a Reverse Morris Trust tax-free spin-off transaction (the “Spin-Off Transaction”) in which (i) substantially all the assets and liabilities of the Company's PMC business were transferred to a newly created subsidiary, Land Newco, Inc. (“Land”), (ii) the shares of Land were distributed to the Company's stockholders pro rata, and (iii) Land was merged with a subsidiary of Regal Rexnord Corporation (formerly known as Regal Beloit Corporation), in which the stock of Land was converted into a specified number of shares of Regal Rexnord Corporation in accordance with the exchange ratio. Following completion of the Spin-Off Transaction, the Company's name was changed to “Zurn Water Solutions Corporation”.
As a result of the Spin-Off Transaction, in accordance with the authoritative guidance, the operating results of PMC are reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. The consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 have not been adjusted to separately disclose cash flows related to the discontinued operations. See Note 4, Discontinued Operations for additional information.
In connection with the Spin-Off Transaction, the Company separated certain defined benefit pension and other post-employment benefit plans, and adjusted its employee share-based compensation awards. See Note 14, Stock-Based Compensation and Note 15, Retirement Benefits, respectively, for additional information.
The Company
Zurn Elkay is a growth-oriented, pure-play water management business that designs, procures, manufactures, and markets what the Company believes to be the broadest sustainable product portfolio of specification-driven water management solutions to improve health, hydration, human safety and the environment. The Company's product portfolio includes professional grade water safety and control products, flow systems products, hygienic and environmental products, and filtered drinking water products for public and private spaces that deliver superior value to building owners, positively impact the environment and human hygiene and reduce product installation time. The Company's heritage of innovation and specification
48

has allowed it to provide highly-engineered, mission-critical solutions to customers for decades and affords it the privilege of having long-term, valued relationships with market leaders. The Company operates in a disciplined way and the Zurn Elkay Business System (“ZEBS”) is its operating philosophy. Grounded in the spirit of continuous improvement, ZEBS creates a scalable, process-based framework that focuses on driving superior customer satisfaction and financial results by targeting world-class operating performance throughout all aspects of its business.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
See Note 6, Revenue Recognition for the Company's policy for recognizing revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606") as well as the various other disclosures required by ASC 606.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at the inception of the arrangement and determines whether it is an operating or financing lease. Operating and financing leases result in the Company recording a right-of-use ("ROU") asset, current lease liability, and long-term lease liability on its balance sheet. Lease expense for operating leases and amortization expense for finance leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet and are instead recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. See Note 13, Leases, for additional discussion about the Company's policy for accounting for leases and other required disclosures.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Accounting for Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). ASC 718 requires compensation costs related to stock-based payment transactions to be recognized in the financial statements. Generally, compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, generally as the awards vest. See further discussion of the Company’s equity plans in Note 14, Stock-Based Compensation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.
Receivables
Receivables are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $1.8 million at December 31, 2024, and $3.1 million at December 31, 2023. The Company assesses the collectability of customer receivables based on the credit worthiness of a customer as determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history. In determining the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company also considers various factors including the aging of customer accounts and historical write-offs. In addition, the Company monitors other risk factors, including forward-looking information when establishing adequate allowances for doubtful accounts, which reflects the current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the receivables. Generally, advance payment is not required. Allowances for doubtful accounts established are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations.
Inventories
Inventories are comprised of material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead, and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market is determined based on estimated net realizable values. The percentage of the Company’s total inventories valued using the "last-in, first-out" (LIFO) method was 94% and 92% at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All remaining inventories are valued using the "first-in, first-out" (FIFO) method.
In some cases, the Company has determined a certain portion of inventories are excess or obsolete. In those cases, the Company writes down the value of those inventories to their net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, adjustments to established inventory reserves may be required. The total write-down of inventories charged to expense was $11.6 million, $3.4 million and $0.8 million, during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
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Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are initially stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over 10 to 30 years for buildings and improvements, 5 to 10 years for machinery and equipment and 3 to 5 years for computer hardware and software. Where appropriate, the depreciable lives of certain assets may be adjusted to reflect a change in the use of those assets, or depreciation may be accelerated in the case of an eventual asset disposal.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of acquired trademarks and tradenames, customer relationships (including distribution network) and patents. The customer relationships, patents, and certain tradenames are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of 7 to 20 years, 3 to 10 years and 5 to 20 years, respectively. Where appropriate, the lives of certain intangible assets may be adjusted to reflect a change in the use of those assets, or amortization may be accelerated in the case of a known intangible asset discontinuation.
Goodwill, trademarks and certain tradenames have indefinite lives and are not amortized. However, the goodwill and intangible assets are tested annually for impairment, and may be tested more frequently if any triggering events occur that would reduce the recoverability of the asset. In conducting the annual impairment test for goodwill, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (greater than 50% likelihood) the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment determines an impairment is more likely than not, the Company is required to perform a quantitative impairment test. Otherwise, no further analysis is required. Alternatively, the Company may elect to proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. In conducting a quantitative assessment, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow methodology based on future business projections and a market value approach (guideline public company comparables). The Company performs the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value up to the amount of the recorded goodwill.
During the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed its annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests and elected to perform a qualitative assessment. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a $0.6 million impairment charge related to an indefinite-lived tradename no longer used. No intangible asset impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The carrying value of long-lived assets, including amortizable intangible assets and tangible fixed assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Impairment of amortizable intangible assets and tangible fixed assets is generally determined by comparing projected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the asset, or group of assets, to its carrying value. If impairment is identified, a loss is recorded equal to the excess of the asset's net book value over its fair value, and the cost basis is adjusted accordingly. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $7.4 million and $2.5 million of fixed asset impairment charges, respectively. The Company recognized no impairment charges during the during the year ended December 31, 2022. Impairments are determined utilizing Level 3 inputs within the Fair Value hierarchy, and the Company reviews and considers input from outside specialists, when appropriate. Actual results could vary from these estimates. Refer to Note 12, Fair Value Measurements for additional information.
Product Warranty
The Company offers warranties on the sales of certain of its products and records an accrual for estimated future claims. Such accruals are based upon historical experience and management’s estimate of the level of future claims. The following table presents changes in the Company’s product warranty liability during each of the periods presented (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period$4.7 $4.2 $1.3 
Acquired obligations— — 3.5 
Charged to operations3.0 2.4 1.6 
Claims settled(2.8)(1.9)(2.2)
Balance at end of period$4.9 $4.7 $4.2 
Income Taxes
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Deferred income taxes are provided for future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, net operating losses, tax credits and other applicable carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be actually paid or recovered. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of continuing operations in the period that includes the date of enactment.
The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and provides a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets if, based upon consideration of all positive and negative evidence, the Company determines that it is more-likely-than-not that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will ultimately not be realized in future tax periods. Such positive and negative evidence would include review of historical earnings and losses, anticipated future earnings, the time period over which the temporary differences and carryforwards are anticipated to reverse and implementation of feasible, prudent tax planning strategies.
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the ultimate tax outcome of all the numerous transactions and required calculations relating to the Company’s tax positions. Accruals for unrecognized tax benefits are provided for in accordance with the requirements of ASC 740. An unrecognized tax benefit represents the difference between the recognition of benefits related to uncertain tax positions for income tax reporting purposes and financial reporting purposes. The Company has established a reserve for interest and penalties, as applicable, for uncertain tax positions and it is recorded as a component of the overall income tax provision.
The Company is subject to periodic income tax examinations by domestic and foreign income tax authorities. Although the outcome of income tax examinations is always uncertain, the Company believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its income tax returns and has adequately provided for potential income tax assessments. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately settled relating to issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.
See Note 16, Income Taxes for additional information.
Per Share Data
Basic net income per share from continuing and discontinued operations is computed by dividing net income from continuing operations and income from discontinued operations, respectively, by the corresponding weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share from continuing and discontinued operations is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, increased by the number of incremental shares that would have been outstanding if the potential dilutive shares were issued through the exercise of outstanding stock options to purchase common shares, except when the effect would be anti-dilutive.
The computation for diluted net income per share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 excludes 0.2 million, 0.3 million and 0.4 million common shares due to their anti-dilutive effects, respectively.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 are as follows (in millions):
Foreign Currency Translation and Other AdjustmentsPension and Other Postretirement PlansTotal
Balance at December 31, 2021$(70.9)$(4.0)$(74.9)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications$(4.2)$4.1 $(0.1)
Balance at December 31, 2022$(75.1)$0.1 $(75.0)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications$3.6 $3.7 $7.3 
Balance at December 31, 2023$(71.5)$3.8 $(67.7)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications$(10.0)$3.3 $(6.7)
Balance at December 31, 2024$(81.5)$7.1 $(74.4)
There were no amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022.
Foreign Currency Translation
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Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside of the United States with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates at the end of the respective period. Revenues and expenses of such entities are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the respective period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Currency transaction (gains) losses are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $0.8 million, $(0.9) million and $(1.0) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations as incurred and amounted to $18.1 million, $18.4 million and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Research, Development and Engineering Costs
Research, development and engineering costs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations as incurred and amounted to $25.9 million, $23.7 million and $18.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and temporary investments and trade accounts receivable.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 470): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which establishes new income tax disclosures to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, including dollar value and percentage impacts of each component of the reconciliation, as well as further disaggregates income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2023-09 on the consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 “Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures: Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (“ASU 2024-03”), which is intended to improve disclosures about a public business entity's expenses, primarily through additional disaggregation of income statement expenses. The ASU’s amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2024-03 on the consolidated financial statements.
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3. Acquisitions
Year Ended December 31, 2022
On July 1, 2022, the Company completed the Elkay Merger for a purchase price (after final purchase price adjustments) of $1,457.8 million. Elkay, a market leader of drinking water solutions and commercial sinks, complements the Company's existing product portfolio. The purchase price includes $1,411.9 million of Zurn's common stock based on Zurn's closing stock price of $27.48 per share on July 1, 2022, and $45.9 million of net cash payments for the repayment of Elkay's term loan and Elkay's transaction related costs outstanding that were in excess of Elkay's cash and cash equivalents at the time of closing. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, the Company issued 51,564,524 shares of its common stock, which represented approximately 29% of outstanding shares immediately following the Merger. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company completed the final purchase price adjustments and the adjusted purchase price is reflected in the purchase price amounts above, following the return of 186,020 of the shares issued at closing to the Company as a result of lower working capital and cash balances at closing compared to targets stipulated in the merger agreement. The shares returned to the Company were canceled upon receipt. The Company incurred transaction-related costs of approximately $33.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. These costs were associated with legal and professional services and were recognized as selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
In accordance with the merger agreement, at closing the Company increased the size of its Board of Directors to eleven members and appointed two directors designated by Elkay. As of December 31, 2024, the Board consisted of ten members, including one director designated by Elkay. Zurn senior management immediately prior to the consummation of the Elkay Merger remained as the executive officers of the Company immediately after the Elkay Merger. The Company's management determined that the Company is the accounting acquirer in the Elkay Merger based on the facts and circumstances noted within this section and other relevant factors. As such, the Company applied the acquisition method of accounting to the identifiable assets and liabilities of the Elkay business, which have been measured at estimated fair value as of the date of the business combination. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was recorded as goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes.
Elkay’s assets and liabilities were measured at estimated fair value at July 1, 2022, primarily using Level 3 inputs. Estimates of fair value represent management’s best estimate of assumptions about future events and uncertainties, including significant judgments related to future cash flows, discount rates, competitive trends, margin and revenue growth assumptions including royalty rates and customer attrition rates and others. Inputs used were generally obtained from historical data supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions and growth rates expected as of the Merger date.
As of June 30, 2023, the valuation process to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired during the measurement period was complete. The final fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were as follows (in millions):
As Reported June 30, 2023
Assets acquired:
Receivables, net$92.0 
Inventories139.5 
Other current assets8.5 
Property, plant and equipment, net127.1 
Intangible assets, net865.5 
Goodwill546.2 
Other assets56.9 
Total assets acquired$1,835.7 
Liabilities assumed:
Trade payables$30.5 
Compensation and benefits39.3 
Current portion of pension and other postretirement benefit obligations17.3 
Other current liabilities45.8 
Operating lease liability24.2 
Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations3.6 
Deferred income taxes206.7 
Other liabilities10.5 
Total liabilities assumed377.9 
Total purchase price$1,457.8 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Information
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the financial results from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 as if the Elkay Merger had occurred on January 1, 2022. The pro forma financial information includes, where applicable, adjustments for: (i) additional amortization expense that would have been recognized related to the acquired intangible assets, (ii) additional depreciation expense that would have been recognized related to the acquired property, plant, and equipment, and (iii) the estimated income tax effect on the pro forma adjustments. Expenses in the year ended December 31, 2022 include $33.7 million of transaction costs and other one-time non-recurring costs and $18.3 million of cost of sales related to the inventory valuation adjustment. The pro forma financial information excludes adjustments for estimated cost synergies or other effects of the integration of the Elkay Merger.
The pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have been achieved had the Elkay Merger been completed as of the date indicated or the results that may be obtained in the future.
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Net sales$1,580.5 
Net income from continuing operations$37.6 
Earnings per share from continuing operations
Basic$0.25 
Assuming dilution$0.24 

For the period from July 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, Elkay had net sales and a net loss of $264.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively, which include the impact of purchase accounting adjustments, and are included in the consolidated statements of operations for the period from July 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.
4. Discontinued Operations
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed the Spin-Off Transaction of PMC. The operating results of PMC are reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented, as the Spin-Off Transaction of PMC represented a strategic shift that had a major impact on operations and financial results. The consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 have not been adjusted to separately disclose cash flows related to the discontinued operations. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received $35.0 million from Regal Rexnord Corporation as a result of the final working capital and cash balances at closing exceeding the targets stipulated in the Spin-Off Transaction agreement.
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The major components of the Income from discontinued operations, net of tax presented in the consolidated statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 are included in the table below (in millions):
Year Ended
(1)(1)(2)
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
Selling, general and administrative income(0.7)(8.4)(2.9)
Income from discontinued operations before income tax0.7 8.4 2.9 
Income tax benefit0.6 0.1 1.8 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax$1.3 $8.5 $4.7 
____________________
(1)Selling, general and administrative income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include the release of certain accruals as a result of costs the Company will no longer incur related to the Spin-Off Transaction.
(2)Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 include the release of certain accruals as a result of costs the Company is obligated to under indemnification being lower than original estimates.
The consolidated statements of cash flows for the periods presented have not been adjusted to separately disclose cash flows related to discontinued operations. However, the significant investing cash flows and other significant non-cash operating items associated with the discontinued operations were as follows (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2022
Net payments from divestiture of discontinued operations$35.0 
    
5. Restructuring and Other Similar Charges
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company continued to execute various restructuring actions. These initiatives were implemented to drive efficiencies and reduce operating costs while also modifying the Company's footprint to reflect changes in the markets it serves, the impact of acquisitions, including Elkay, on the Company's overall manufacturing capacity and the refinement of its overall product portfolio. These restructuring actions primarily resulted in workforce reductions, lease termination costs and other facility rationalization costs. Management expects to continue executing similar initiatives to optimize its operating margin and manufacturing footprint. As such, the Company expects further expenses related to workforce reductions, potential impairment or accelerated depreciation of assets, lease termination costs and other facility rationalization costs. The Company's restructuring plans are preliminary and the full extent of related expenses are not yet estimable.
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The following table summarizes the Company's restructuring and other similar charges incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Employee termination benefits$2.1 $3.4 $13.6 
Asset impairment charges8.0 2.5 — 
Contract termination and other associated costs3.4 9.4 1.8 
Total restructuring and other similar charges$13.5 $15.3 $15.4 
Restructuring Costs To-date (Period from April 1, 2011 to December 31, 2024)
Restructuring Costs To-date (Period from April 1, 2011 to December 31, 2024)
Employee termination benefits$35.9 
Asset impairment charges10.5 
Contract termination and other associated costs21.9 
Total restructuring and other similar charges$68.3 
The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's accrual for restructuring and other similar charges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):
Employee termination benefitsAsset impairment chargesContract termination and other associated costsTotal
Accrued restructuring costs, December 31, 2022
$7.8 $— $1.2 $9.0 
Charges3.4 2.5 9.4 15.3 
Cash payments(10.5)— (10.0)(20.5)
Non-cash charges— (2.5)— (2.5)
Accrued restructuring costs, December 31, 2023 (1)
$0.7 $— $0.6 $1.3 
Charges2.1 8.0 3.4 13.5 
Cash payments (1.7)— (3.9)(5.6)
Non-cash charges— (8.0)— (8.0)
Accrued restructuring costs, December 31, 2024 (1)
$1.1 $— $0.1 $1.2 
____________________
(1)    As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the accrual for restructuring and other similar charges is included in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

6. Revenue Recognition
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied. For the majority of the Company's product sales, revenue is recognized at a point-in-time when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which generally occurs when the product is shipped from the Company's manufacturing facility to the customer. When contracts include multiple products to be delivered to the customer, generally each product is separately priced and is determined to be distinct within the context of the contract. Other than a standard assurance-type warranty that the product will conform to agreed-upon specifications, there are generally no other significant post-shipment obligations. The expected costs associated with standard warranties continues to be recognized as an expense when the products are sold.
When the contract provides the customer the right to return eligible products or when the customer is part of a sales rebate program, the Company reduces revenue at the point of sale using current facts and historical experience by using an estimate for expected product returns and rebates associated with the transaction. The Company adjusts these estimates at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration that is expected to be received changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. Accordingly, an increase or decrease to revenue is recognized at that time.
Sales and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company has elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control of products has transferred to the customer as a component of cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company classifies shipping and handling fees
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billed to customers as net sales and the corresponding costs are classified as cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations.
Revenue by Category
The Company designs, procures, manufactures, and markets a comprehensive portfolio of water management solutions. The Company disaggregates its sales by customer type and geographic location, which the Company believes best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows may be impacted differently by certain economic factors. The following tables present revenue disaggregated by customer type and the geographic region of the end customer (in millions):
Year Ended
Customer TypeDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Institutional$740.5 $690.5 $517.7 
Commercial451.1 443.1 373.7 
All other374.9 396.9 390.4 
    Total$1,566.5 $1,530.5 $1,281.8 

Year Ended
GeographyDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
United States$1,428.9 $1,410.1 $1,171.8 
Canada90.1 78.7 75.1 
Rest of world47.5 41.7 34.9 
    Total$1,566.5 $1,530.5 $1,281.8 
Contract Balances
For substantially all of the Company's product sales, the customer is billed 100% of the contract value when the product ships and payment is generally due 30 days from shipment. Certain contracts include longer payment periods; however, the Company has elected to utilize the practical expedient in which the Company will only recognize a financing component to the sale if payment is due more than one year from the date of shipment.
Billings are recorded as accounts receivable when an unconditional right to the contractual consideration exists. Contract assets arise when the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration, or before the customer’s payment is due. A contract liability exists when the Company has received consideration or the amount is due from the customer in advance of revenue recognition. Contract liabilities and contract assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were not material.
Backlog
The Company had backlog of $48.8 million and $50.8 million as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively, which represents the most likely amount of consideration expected to be received in satisfying the remaining backlog under open contracts. The Company utilizes the optional exemption provided by ASC 606-10-50-14A for variable consideration, and has not included estimated rebates in the amount of unsatisfied performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 100% of the backlog as revenue in the year ending December 31, 2025.
Timing of Performance Obligations Satisfied at a Point in Time
The Company determined that the customer is able to control the product when it is delivered to them; thus, depending on the shipping terms, control will transfer at different points between the Company's manufacturing facility or warehouse and the customer’s location. The Company considers control to have transferred upon shipment or delivery because the Company has a present right to payment at that time, the customer has legal title to the asset, the Company has transferred physical possession of the asset and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.
Variable Consideration
The Company provides volume-based rebates and the right to return product to certain customers, which are accrued for based on current facts and historical experience. Rebates are paid either on an annual or quarterly basis. There are no other significant variable consideration elements included in the Company's contracts with customers.
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Contract Costs
The Company has elected to expense contract costs as incurred if the amortization period is expected to be one year or less. If the amortization period of these costs is expected to be greater than one year, the costs would be subject to capitalization. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the contract assets capitalized are not significant. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, contract asset amortization was not significant and no impairment losses were recognized.
7. Inventories
The major classes of inventories are summarized as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Finished goods$228.7 $224.8 
Work in progress12.1 11.5 
Raw materials44.8 48.8 
Inventories at First-in, First-Out ("FIFO") cost285.6 285.1 
Adjustment to state inventories at Last-in, First-Out ("LIFO") cost(13.0)(7.5)
$272.6 $277.6 

8. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment, net is summarized as follows (in millions):
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Land$13.5 $14.1 
Buildings and improvements103.5 108.5 
Machinery and equipment123.8 114.6 
Computer hardware and software30.4 28.0 
Construction in-progress15.4 18.0 
286.6 283.2 
Less accumulated depreciation(122.6)(102.9)
$164.0 $180.3 

9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the net carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):
Net carrying amount as of December 31, 2022
$777.0 
Purchase accounting adjustments (1)19.0 
Net carrying amount as of December 31, 2023
$796.0 
Currency translation adjustments(1.8)
Net carrying amount as of December 31, 2024
$794.2 
______________________
(1)Refer to Note 3, Acquisitions for additional information regarding acquisitions.
Total cumulative goodwill impairment charges as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $337.1 million.
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The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each major class of identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):
December 31, 2024
Weighted Average Useful LifeGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Patents9 years$27.4 $(22.9)$4.5 
Customer relationships (including distribution network)16 years1,066.9 (398.1)668.8 
Tradenames19 years156.7 (24.7)132.0 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization - trademarks and tradenames86.3 — 86.3 
Total intangible assets, net16 years$1,337.3 $(445.7)$891.6 
December 31, 2023
Weighted Average Useful LifeGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Patents9 years$26.4 $(22.8)$3.6 
Customer relationships (including distribution network)16 years1,070.4 (348.8)721.6 
Tradenames19 years156.8 (16.7)140.1 
Intangible assets not subject to amortization - trademarks and tradenames87.1 — 87.1 
Total intangible assets, net16 years$1,340.7 $(388.3)$952.4 
Intangible asset amortization expense totaled $59.1 million, $58.7 million and $34.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. There were no acquired intangibles in 2024 or 2023. Customer relationships and tradenames acquired during the year ended December 31, 2022 were assigned a weighted-average useful life of 16 years and 20 years, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $0.6 million impairment charge related to an indefinite-lived tradename no longer used.
The Company expects to recognize amortization expense on intangible assets subject to amortization of $58.6 million in 2025, $58.4 million in 2026, $58.4 million in 2027, $58.4 million in 2028, and $58.4 million in 2029.
    
10. Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities are summarized as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commissions$9.2 $8.6 
Current portion of operating lease liability (1)12.7 10.6 
Income taxes payable2.3 3.5 
Professional fees1.6 0.6 
Product warranty (2)4.9 4.7 
Restructuring and other similar charges (3)1.2 1.3 
Risk management (4)5.5 5.2 
Sales rebates73.2 70.8 
Tax indemnities12.2 13.8 
Taxes, other than income taxes2.9 3.7 
Other10.5 9.0 
$136.2 $131.8 
___________________
(1)See more information related to leases within Note 13, Leases.
(2)See more information related to the product warranty obligations balance within Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies.
(3)See more information related to the restructuring obligations balance within Note 5, Restructuring and Other Similar Charges.
(4)Includes projected liabilities related to losses arising from automobile, general, environmental, worker's compensation, and product liability claims.
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11. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt is summarized as follows (in millions):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Term loan (1)$475.0 $473.6 
Finance leases (2)20.6 21.7 
Total495.6 495.3 
Less current maturities0.8 0.9 
Long-term debt$494.8 $494.4 
____________________
(1)Includes unamortized debt issuance costs of $5.4 million and $6.8 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
(2)See more information related to finance leases within Note 13, Leases.
Senior Secured Credit Facility
On October 4, 2021, ZBS Global, Inc. (“Holdings”), Zurn Holdings, Inc., Zurn LLC (together, the “Original Borrowers”), the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent for the lenders (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”) entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated First Lien Credit Agreement as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to Fourth Amended and Restated First Lien Credit Agreement dated as of July 1, 2022 (the "Amendment") (as so amended, the “Credit Agreement”). Pursuant to the Amendment, Elkay joined the Credit Agreement as a borrower (Elkay and the Original Borrowers, collectively, the "Borrowers"). The Credit Agreement is funded by a syndicate of banks and other financial institutions and provides for (i) a $550.0 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan”) and (ii) a $200.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”).
The obligations under the Credit Agreement and related documents are secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of Holdings, the Borrowers, and certain subsidiaries of the Borrowers pursuant to a Third Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2021, among Holdings, the Borrowers, the subsidiaries of the Borrowers party thereto, and the Administrative Agent, as supplemented pursuant to that certain Supplement No. 1 dated as of July 1, 2022, executed by Elkay and its domestic subsidiaries, and certain other collateral documents.
The Credit Agreement contains representations, warranties, covenants and events of default, including, without limitation, a financial covenant under which the Borrowers are, if certain conditions are met, obligated to maintain on a consolidated basis, as of the end of each fiscal quarter, a certain maximum Net First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). As of December 31, 2024, the Borrowers were in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Credit Agreement.
Term Debt
The Credit Agreement provides for the issuance of a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $550.0 million. The proceeds of the Term Loan were, together with the dividend received by the Company in connection with the Spin-Off Transaction and cash on hand, used to (i) repay in full the aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Prior Term Loan, together with accrued interest thereon, (ii) redeem the $500 million of outstanding principal amount of the 4.875% Senior Notes due 2025, and (iii) pay related fees and expenses.
On October 11, 2023, the Company made a voluntary prepayment on its Term Loan of $60.0 million. In connection with this prepayment, the Company recognized a $0.9 million loss on debt extinguishment to write off a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs.
The Term Loan has a maturity date of October 4, 2028. Commencing on March 31, 2022, the Borrowers were required to make quarterly payments of principal in an amount equal to $1.4 million each quarter until the maturity date. In connection with the voluntary prepayment of $60.0 million, the quarterly principal payments of $1.4 million are no longer required.
For purposes of the Term Loan, effective July 1, 2023, the secured overnight financing rate ("SOFR") replaced LIBOR, and accordingly, beginning July 1, 2023 the Term Loan bears interest at the Borrowers' option, by reference to a base rate or a rate based on Term SOFR, plus a Term SOFR adjustment of 0.115%, 0.262%, or 0.428% for interest periods of one month, three months, and six months, respectively, plus an applicable margin based on the Borrowers' Net First Lien Leverage Ratio as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. If the Net First Lien Leverage Ratio is greater than 1.80 to 1.00, the applicable margin shall equal 1.25% in the case of base rate borrowings and 2.25% in the case of SOFR borrowings. In the event the Borrowers’ Net First Lien Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 1.80 to 1.00, the applicable margin on both base rate and
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SOFR borrowings would decrease by 0.25%. The Borrowers’ Net First Lien Leverage Ratio was 0.86 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2024 and therefore the applicable rate is 2.00%.
Prior to July 1, 2023, the Term Loan bore interest at the Borrowers’ option, by reference to a base rate or a rate based on LIBOR, in either case plus an applicable margin determined quarterly based on the Borrowers’ Net First Lien Leverage Ratio as of the last day of each fiscal quarter as illustrated above.

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the borrowings under the Term Loan had weighted-average effective interest rates of 6.42% and 7.47%, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the borrowings under the Term Loan had weighted-average effective interest rates of 7.28% and 7.09%, respectively.
Revolving Credit Facility
The Credit Agreement includes a $200.0 million revolving credit facility that has a maturity date of October 2, 2026. Similar to the Term Loan, effective July 1, 2023, the SOFR replaced LIBOR, and accordingly, beginning July 1, 2023 the Revolving Credit Facility bears interest by reference to a base rate or a rate based on Term SOFR, plus a Term SOFR adjustment of 0.115%, 0.262%, or 0.428% for interest periods of one month, three months, and six months, respectively, plus an applicable margin based on the Borrowers' Net First Lien Leverage Ratio as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. If the Net First Lien Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.00 to 1.00, the applicable margin shall equal 1.00% in the case of base rate borrowings and 2.00% in the case of SOFR borrowings. In the event the Borrowers' Net First Lien Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00, the applicable margin on both base rate and SOFR borrowings would decrease by 0.25%. The Borrowers’ Net First Lien Leverage Ratio was 0.86 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2024. The Borrowers are also required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility for each fiscal quarter and fees in connection with the issuance of letters of credit. If the Net First Lien Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.00 to 1.00, the commitment fee is 0.50%, and if the Company's Net First Lien Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 2.00 to 1.00, the commitment fee is 0.375%.
Prior to July 1, 2023, borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at the Borrowers’ option, by reference to a base rate or a rate based on LIBOR, in either case, plus an applicable margin determined quarterly based on the Borrowers’ Net First Lien Leverage Ratio as of the last day of each fiscal quarter as illustrated above.

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $11.3 million and $11.0 million of the Revolving Credit Facility was considered utilized in connection with outstanding letters of credit, respectively.
Finance Leases
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had finance lease obligations of $20.6 million and $21.7 million, respectively. For more information related to finance leases, see Note 13, Leases.
Future Debt Maturities
Future maturities of debt and finance lease obligations as of December 31, 2024, excluding the unamortized debt issuance costs of $5.4 million, were as follows (in millions):
Years ending December 31:
2025$0.8 
20260.9 
20271.0 
2028481.5 
20291.2 
Thereafter15.7 
$501.1 
Cash interest paid for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $30.9 million, $36.1 million and $24.3 million, respectively.
12. Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement ("ASC 820"), defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. ASC 820 also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques. Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources,
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while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use.
In accordance with ASC 820, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:
•Level 1- Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•Level 2- Quoted prices for similar instruments; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable.
•Level 3- Model-derived valuations in which one or more inputs or value-drivers are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
If applicable, the Company uses quoted market prices in active markets to determine fair value, and therefore classifies such measurements within Level 1. In some cases where market prices are not available, the Company makes use of observable market based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters. These measurements are classified within Level 3 if they use significant unobservable inputs.
Fair Value of Non-Derivative Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash, receivables, payables and accrued liabilities approximated fair value at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of long-term debt recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was approximately $503.4 million and $503.9 million, respectively. The fair value is based on quoted market prices for the same instruments.

13. Leases
The Company determines if a contract is (or contains) a lease at inception by evaluating whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The Company has operating and finance leases primarily associated with real estate, automobiles and manufacturing and office equipment.
The Company has lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, which the Company has elected to account for as a single lease component for all classes of the underlying assets. The term of the Company’s leases generally reflects the non-cancellable period of the lease. Some of the Company’s lease agreements include options to extend or terminate the lease, which are excluded from the minimum lease terms unless the Company is reasonably certain the option will be exercised. Lease expense for operating leases and amortization expense for finance leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and are instead recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The Company rents or subleases certain real estate to third parties, primarily related to exited facilities, with income offsetting restructuring expense. The sublease income related to these arrangements is not material to the consolidated financial statements.
Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. Additionally, ROU assets include any lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, any initial direct costs incurred, and are reduced by lease incentives received. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the present value of lease payments is determined using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date of the lease. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liabilities are comprised of fixed payments, variable payments that depend on an index or rate, and amounts probable to be paid if an option is reasonably certain to be exercised. Variable lease payments, typically based on usage of the asset or changes in an index or rate, are excluded from the lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
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ROU assets and lease liability balances recorded on the consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows (in millions):
LeasesClassificationDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Assets:    
Operating ROU assetsOther assets$51.2 $46.4 
Finance ROU assets Property, plant and equipment, net (1) 19.0 20.8 
Total ROU assets$70.2 $67.2 
     
Liabilities:
Current    
OperatingOther current liabilities$12.7 $10.6 
Finance Current maturities of debt 0.8 0.9 
Non-current
Operating  Operating lease liability 43.3 37.3 
FinanceLong-term debt19.8 20.8 
Total lease liabilities   $76.6 $69.6 
____________________
(1)Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $3.2 million and $2.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The components of lease expense reported in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Operating lease expenses (1)$14.9 $13.8 $9.8 
Finance lease expenses:
Depreciation of finance ROU assets (1)1.6 1.7 0.2 
Interest on lease liabilities (2)1.5 1.5 — 
Total finance lease expense3.1 3.2 0.2 
Variable and short-term lease expense (1)7.6 7.0 6.2 
Total lease expense$25.6 $24.0 $16.2 
____________________
(1)Included in cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses, and restructuring and other similar charges.
(2)Included in interest expense, net.
Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (in millions):
Years ending December 31,Operating LeasesFinance Leases
2025$15.8 $2.2 
202614.7 2.2 
202713.8 2.3 
20287.4 2.3 
20294.4 2.4 
Thereafter9.8 20.6 
Total future minimum lease payments65.9 32.0 
Less: Imputed interest(9.9)(11.4)
Total lease liabilities$56.0 $20.6 

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The weighted-average remaining lease terms and discount rates for leases are as follows:
Year Ended
Lease Term and Discount RateDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (years): 
Operating leases5.05.96.4
Finance leases13.013.83.0
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases6.4 %6.4 %6.1 %
Finance leases7.1 %7.1 %5.2 %
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities are as follows (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Operating cash flows from operating leases$14.1 $13.2 $9.8 
Operating cash flows from finance leases1.5 1.5 — 
Financing cash flows from finance leases0.8 0.8 0.2 
ROU assets obtained (disposed) in exchange for lease liabilities are as follows (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Operating leases$18.9 $14.4 $38.9 
Finance leases(0.2)21.8 0.5 
14. Stock-Based Compensation
Generally, compensation cost associated with share-based payment transactions is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, generally as the awards vest.
The Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation Performance Incentive Plan, which was last approved by stockholders in fiscal 2022 (the "Plan"), is utilized to provide performance incentives to the Company's officers, employees, directors and certain others by permitting grants of equity awards (for common stock), as well as performance-based cash awards, to such persons, to encourage them to maximize Zurn Elkay's performance and create value for Zurn Elkay's stockholders. To date, equity awards consisting of stock options, Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") and Performance Stock Units ("PSUs") have been issued under the Plan. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee.
The options granted under the Plan have a maximum term of 10 years after the grant date. Options and RSUs granted since fiscal 2016 generally vest ratably over 3 years. During the year ended December 31, 2022, RSUs were granted to certain employees that cliff vest after 2 years. RSUs granted to nonemployee directors vest immediately, but shares are not issued until six months after the director's cessation of service. PSUs generally cliff vest after 3 years based on performance over that three-year period. A portion of PSUs granted to certain executives during the year ended December 31, 2024 include a total shareholder return ("TSR") multiplier to determine the final number of PSUs earned.
In May 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved the adoption of the Zurn Elkay Water Solutions Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP"). The number of shares of Company common stock available for purchase under the ESPP is 2,000,000 shares, subject to adjustment in the event of a change in capitalization.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 44,436 shares of common stock related to the ESPP. As of December 31, 2024, 1,955,564 shares remained available for future issuance. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP.
In connection with the Spin-Off Transaction, the Company made adjustments to the number of unvested stock options, RSUs and PSUs with the intention of preserving the intrinsic value of the recipient's awards prior to the Spin-Off. Accordingly, the number of stock options, RSUs and PSUs outstanding as of the date of the Spin-Off Transaction was multiplied by a factor of 2.03446, and the related grant date fair value was divided by a factor of 2.03446, which resulted in no increase in the intrinsic value of awards outstanding. Stock options and RSUs continue to vest in accordance with their original vesting period. The vesting of PSUs granted prior to the beginning of 2021 was accelerated and all outstanding awards became fully vested and were released at the time of the Spin-Off Transaction based on performance achieved through, and as of the Spin-Off Transaction date. These adjustments to the Company’s share-based compensation awards were deemed to be a modification of
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the awards and resulted in approximately $4.9 million of incremental expense, of which $0.2 million and $0.2 million was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. On the date of the Spin-Off Transaction, the modification affected 124 grantees.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recorded $37.9 million, $40.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense from continuing operations (the related tax benefit on these amounts subject to the 162(m) compensation limitations during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $9.2 million, $9.8 million, and $5.9 million, respectively). During the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company also recorded $4.6 million, $2.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of an excess tax benefit related to stock options exercised during each period. As of December 31, 2024, there was $31.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, RSUs and PSUs granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
Stock Options
The fair value of each option granted under the Plan was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model that uses the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Expected option term (in years)6.56.56.5
Expected volatility factor32 %32 %32 %
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate4.33 %3.90 %3.11 %
Expected dividend rate1.0 %1.2 %1.0 %
Management’s estimate of the option term for options granted under the Plan is based on the midpoint between when the options vest and when they expire. The Company uses the simplified method to determine the expected term, as management does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The Company’s expected volatility assumption for all options granted prior to the Spin-Off Transaction is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock price. The expected volatility assumption for all options granted after the Spin-Off Transaction is based on the historical volatility of the common stock prices of a peer group. The weighted average risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of grant. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted under the Plan during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $11.43, $8.28 and $9.79, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
A summary of stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
SharesWeighted Avg. Exercise PriceSharesWeighted Avg. Exercise PriceSharesWeighted Avg. Exercise Price
Number of shares under options:
Outstanding at beginning of period2,089,493 $14.67 2,647,578 $13.75 2,844,062 $13.44 
Granted93,410 31.05 146,295 22.25 103,454 28.68 
Exercised (1)(1,241,512)12.62 (655,644)11.66 (221,506)11.89 
Canceled/Forfeited(26,808)28.49 (48,736)27.77 (78,432)27.65 
Outstanding at end of period (2)914,583 $18.72 2,089,493 $14.67 2,647,578 $13.75 
Exercisable at end of period (3)747,808 $16.71 1,878,789 $13.35 2,439,667 $12.36 
______________________
(1)The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $29.3 million, $11.0 million and $3.8 million, respectively.
(2)The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding was 4.8 years at December 31, 2024, 4.1 years at December 31, 2023 and 4.4 years at December 31, 2022. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2024 was $17.0 million.
(3)The weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable was 3.9 years at December 31, 2024, 3.4 years at December 31, 2023 and 3.9 years at December 31, 2022. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at December 31, 2024 was $15.4 million.
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SharesWeighted Avg. Exercise Price
Nonvested options at beginning of period210,704 $26.49 
Granted93,410 31.05 
Vested(114,728)28.09 
Canceled/Forfeited(22,611)27.74 
Nonvested options at end of period166,775 $27.77 
Restricted Stock Units
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 the Company granted RSUs to certain of its officers, directors, and employees. The fair value of each award is determined based on the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant. A summary of RSU activity during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
UnitsWeighted Avg. Grant Date Fair ValueUnitsWeighted Avg. Grant Date Fair ValueUnitsWeighted Avg. Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested RSUs at beginning of period501,321 $26.05 580,112 $29.33 501,331 $25.98 
Granted125,565 31.23 242,385 23.40 370,244 28.80 
Vested(318,274)27.06 (218,153)30.70 (166,318)18.37 
Canceled/Forfeited(45,537)27.30 (103,023)28.40 (125,145)28.92 
Nonvested RSUs at end of period263,075 $26.97 501,321 $26.05 580,112 $29.33 

Performance Stock Units
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company granted PSUs to certain of its officers and employees. The PSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 had a three-year performance period, while the PSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 had a two-and-a-half-year performance period, and are earned and vest, subject to continued employment, based on performance relative to metrics determined by the Compensation Committee. The number of performance share awards earned, which can range between 0% and 200% of the target awards granted depending on the Company's actual performance during the respective performance period, will be satisfied with Zurn Elkay common stock. A summary of PSU activity during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
UnitsWeighted Avg. Grant Date Fair ValueUnitsWeighted Avg. Grant Date Fair ValueUnitsWeighted Avg. Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested PSUs at beginning of period866,810 $27.88 939,459 $27.07 777,374 $26.27 
Granted553,548 34.33 425,246 23.25 177,724 30.92 
Vested (1)(431,702)32.25 (468,722)22.17 — — 
Canceled/Forfeited(42,915)30.91 (29,173)26.07 (15,639)30.70 
Nonvested PSUs at end of period945,741 $29.53 866,810 $27.88 939,459 $27.07 
______________________
(1)For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, represents the target level of PSUs vested.

    During the year ended December 31, 2024, PSUs were granted with vesting based on goals related to free cash flow conversion, return on invested capital, and sales growth, and certain awards contained a TSR multiplier. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, PSUs were granted with vesting based on goals related to free cash flow conversion and return on invested capital. The fair value of the portion of PSUs with vesting based on free cash flow conversion, return on invested capital, and sales growth is determined based on the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of the portion of PSUs granted in 2024 that include a TSR multiplier is determined using a Monte Carlo valuation model. For these awards, the number of PSUs earned based on the achievement of goals related to free cash flow conversion, return on invested capital, and sales growth may be increased by 0-75% if the Company's TSR over the performance period falls within a predefined range.
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15. Retirement Benefits
The Company sponsors pension and other postretirement benefit plans for certain employees. Most of the Company’s employees are accumulating retirement income benefits through defined contribution plans. However, the Company sponsors frozen pension plans for certain salaried participants and ongoing pension benefits for certain employees represented by collective bargaining. These plans provide for monthly pension payments to eligible employees upon retirement. Pension benefits for salaried employees generally are based on years of frozen credited service and average earnings. Pension benefits for hourly employees generally are based on specified benefit amounts and years of service. The Company’s policy is to fund its pension obligations in conformity with the funding requirements under applicable laws and governmental regulations. Other postretirement benefits consist of retiree medical plans that cover a portion of employees in the United States that meet certain age and service requirements.
Net periodic benefit costs are primarily comprised of service and interest cost and the expected return on plan assets. The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is presented within Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations while the other components of net periodic benefit cost are presented within Other income (expense), net.
The Company recognizes the net actuarial gains or losses in excess of the corridor in operating results during the final quarter of each fiscal year (or upon any required re-measurement event). The corridor is 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the fair value of the plan assets. In connection with this accounting policy, the Company recognized non-cash actuarial gain of $1.4 million, $2.0 million, and $1.9 million within the consolidated statements of operations from continuing operations, during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. These amounts are recorded within Actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations in the consolidated statements of operations.
The components of net periodic benefit cost reported in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Pension Benefits:
Service cost$0.1 $0.1 $0.1 
Interest cost11.2 12.1 8.6 
Expected return on plan assets(7.5)(7.5)(9.6)
Recognition of actuarial gains(0.1)— — 
Net periodic benefit (income) expense$3.7 $4.7 $(0.9)
Other Postretirement Benefits:
Interest cost$0.4 $0.6 $0.4 
Recognition of actuarial gains(1.3)(2.0)(1.9)
Net periodic benefit (income) expense$(0.9)$(1.4)$(1.5)
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the recognition of $1.4 million of net non-cash actuarial gains was primarily due to a combination of discount rate increases coupled with demographic and claims gains experienced during 2024 that were reflected in the other post-retirement benefit plans. These gains were partially offset by an increase in the medical cost growth assumption from the prior measurement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the recognition of $2.0 million of net non-cash actuarial gains was primarily due to demographic gains experienced during 2023 that were reflected in the other post-retirement benefit plans. In addition, the post 65 medical provider options changed resulting in lower premiums for the plans. These gains were partially offset by a decrease in discount rate from the prior measurement. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the recognition of $1.9 million of net non-cash actuarial gains was primarily due to an increase in the discount rate utilized within remeasurement of the Company's defined benefit plans partially offset by unfavorable asset returns.
The Company made contributions to its U.S. qualified pension plan trusts of $20.0 million, $11.0 million and $0.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
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The status of the plans is summarized as follows (in millions):
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
 Year Ended December 31, 2024Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2024Year Ended December 31, 2023
Benefit obligation at beginning of period$(224.0)$(226.3)$(8.7)$(11.7)
Service cost(0.1)(0.1)— — 
Interest cost(11.2)(12.1)(0.4)(0.6)
Actuarial (losses) gains5.4 (5.1)1.1 2.4 
Benefits paid19.1 19.6 1.0 1.4 
Plan participant contributions— — (0.2)(0.2)
Settlements0.2 — — — 
Benefit obligation at end of period$(210.6)$(224.0)$(7.2)$(8.7)
Plan assets at the beginning of the period$195.2 $186.2 $— $— 
Actual return on plan assets6.6 17.2 — — 
Contributions20.4 11.4 1.0 1.4 
Benefits paid(19.1)(19.6)(1.0)(1.4)
Settlements(0.1)— — — 
Plan assets at end of period$203.0 $195.2 $— $— 
Funded status of plans$(7.6)$(28.8)$(7.2)$(8.7)
Net amount on Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of:
Non-current assets$0.5 $0.3 $— $— 
Current liabilities$(0.3)$(0.3)$(0.9)$(1.0)
Long-term liabilities(7.8)(28.8)(6.3)(7.7)
Total net funded status$(7.6)$(28.8)$(7.2)$(8.7)
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had pension plans with a combined projected benefit obligation of $210.6 million compared to plan assets of $203.0 million, resulting in an under-funded status of $7.6 million compared to an under-funded status of $28.8 million at December 31, 2023. The Company’s funded status improved during the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to the $20.0 million pension plan contribution. Any further changes in the assumptions underlying the Company’s pension values, including those that arise as a result of declines in equity markets and changes in interest rates, could result in increased pension obligation and pension cost which could negatively affect the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations in future periods.
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, related to defined benefit plans at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consist of the following (in millions):
As of December 31, 2024
Pension
Benefits		Other Postretirement
Benefits		Total
Unrecognized actuarial gain(8.7)(0.7)(9.4)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, gross(8.7)(0.7)(9.4)
Deferred income tax provision2.1 0.2 2.3 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net$(6.6)$(0.5)$(7.1)
As of December 31, 2023
Pension
Benefits		Other Postretirement
Benefits		Total
Unrecognized actuarial gain(4.1)(0.9)(5.0)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, gross(4.1)(0.9)(5.0)
Deferred income tax provision1.0 0.2 1.2 
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net$(3.1)$(0.7)$(3.8)
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The following table presents significant assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost (income) in weighted-average percentages:
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Benefit Obligations:
Discount rate5.7 %5.2 %5.6 %5.6 %5.2 %5.6 %
Rate of compensation increase3.0 %3.0 %3.0 %n/an/an/a
Net Periodic Benefit Cost:
Discount rate5.2 %5.6 %3.0 %5.2 %5.6 %3.4 %
Rate of compensation increase3.0 %3.0 %3.0 %n/an/an/a
Expected return on plan assets4.0 %4.3 %4.0 %n/an/an/a
In evaluating the expected return on plan assets, consideration was given to historical long-term rates of return on plan assets and input from the Company’s pension fund consultant on asset class return expectations, fair value of plan assets, long-term inflation and current market conditions. The following table presents the Company’s target investment allocations for the year ended December 31, 2024 and actual investment allocations at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
 Plan Assets
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
 Investment
Policy (1)		Target
Allocation (2)		Actual
Allocation		Actual
Allocation
Equity securities0%-30%10%10%30%
Debt securities (including cash and cash equivalents)70%-100%90%90%70%
______________________
(1)The investment policy allocation represents the guidelines of the Company's pension plans based on the changes in the plans funded status.
(2)The target allocations represent the weighted average target allocations for the Company's U.S. pension plan.

The Company's defined benefit pension utilizes a dynamic liability driven investment ("LDI") strategy. The objective is to more closely align the pension plan assets with its liabilities in terms of how both respond to interest rate changes. The plan assets are allocated into two investment categories: (i) LDI, comprised of high quality, investment grade fixed income securities and (ii) return seeking, comprised of traditional securities and alternative asset classes. All assets are managed externally according to guidelines established individually with investment managers and the Company's investment consultant. The Company periodically undertakes asset and liability modeling studies to determine the appropriateness of the investments. The Company intends to continuously reduce the assets allocated to the return seeking category, thereby increasing the assets allocated to the LDI category based on the overall improvement in the plan funded status. No equity securities of the Company are held in the portfolio.
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The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets for both the U.S and non-U.S. plans at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, by asset category are included in the table below (in millions). For additional information on the fair value hierarchy and the inputs used to measure fair value, see Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.
 December 31, 2024
 Quoted Prices in
Active  Market
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable  Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)		Assets Measured at Net Asset Value
(1)		Total
Cash and cash equivalents$4.2 $— $— $— $4.2 
Investment funds
   Fixed income funds (2) — — — 178.3 178.3 
   U.S. equity funds (3)3.0 — — 9.4 12.4 
   International equity funds (3)— — — 5.7 5.7 
   Balanced funds (3)— — — 2.4 2.4 
Total$7.2 $— $— $195.8 $203.0 
 December 31, 2023
 Quoted Prices in
Active  Market
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable  Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)		Assets Measured at Net Asset Value
(1)		Total
Cash and cash equivalents$14.9 $— $— $— $14.9 
Investment funds
   Fixed income funds (2) — — — 123.5 123.5 
   U.S. equity funds (3)9.3 — — 28.8 38.1 
   International equity funds (3)— — — 16.4 16.4 
   Balanced funds (3)— — — 2.3 2.3 
Total$24.2 $— $— $171.0 $195.2 
______________________
(1)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the statement of financial position.
(2)The Company's fixed income mutual and commingled funds primarily include investments in U.S. government securities and corporate bonds. The commingled funds also include an insignificant portion of investments in asset-backed securities or partnerships. The mutual and commingled funds are primarily valued using the net asset value, which reflects the plan's share of the fair value of the investments.
(3)The Company's equity mutual and commingled funds primarily include investments in U.S. and international common stock. The balanced mutual and commingled funds invest in a combination of fixed income and equity securities. The mutual and commingled funds are primarily valued using the net asset value, which reflects the plan's share of the fair value of the investments.

Expected benefit payments to be paid in each of the next five years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are as follows (in millions):
Years Ending December 31:Pension
Benefits		Other
Postretirement
Benefits
2025$19.7 $0.9 
202619.3 0.9 
202719.0 0.8 
202818.7 0.8 
202918.4 0.8 
2030 - 203483.8 2.9 
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Pension Plans That Are Not Fully Funded
At December 31, 2024, the projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets were $210.6 million, $209.2 million, and $203.0 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2023, the projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of the fair value of plan assets were $224.0 million, $219.0 million and $195.2 million, respectively.
Other Postretirement Benefits
The other postretirement benefit obligation was determined using an assumed health care cost trend rate of 7.0% in 2024 grading down to 5.0% in 2033 and thereafter. The discount rate and health care cost trend rate assumptions are determined as of the measurement date.
Defined Contribution Savings Plans
The Company sponsors certain defined-contribution savings plans for eligible employees. Expense recognized related to these plans was $5.6 million, $4.5 million and $5.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, primarily related to the Company matching contributions. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company utilized 137,031 shares of its common stock with a weighted average fair value of $33.71 per share in funding the cost associated with the Company matching contributions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company utilized 201,053 shares of its common stock with a weighted average fair value of $25.06 per share in funding the cost associated with the Company matching contributions.
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for certain executives and other highly compensated employees. Assets are invested primarily in mutual funds and corporate-owned life insurance contracts held in a Rabbi trust and restricted for payments to participants of the plan. The assets are classified in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The short-term liabilities and long-term liabilities are classified in Compensation and benefits and Other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the values of the assets held by the rabbi trust and changes in the value of the deferred compensation liabilities are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.
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The fair values of the Company’s deferred compensation plan assets and liability are included in the table below (in millions). For additional information on the fair value hierarchy and the inputs used to measure fair value, see Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.
Fair Value as of December 31, 2024
Quoted Prices in
Active Market
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Deferred compensation plan assets:    
Mutual funds (1)$1.2 $— $— $1.2 
Corporate-owned life insurance policies (2)— 15.1 — 15.1 
Total assets at fair value$1.2 $15.1 $— $16.3 
     
Deferred compensation liability at fair value (3):$18.9 $— $— $18.9 
Fair Value as of December 31, 2023
Quoted Prices in
Active Market
(Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Deferred compensation plan assets:    
Mutual funds (1)$0.1 $— $— $0.1 
Corporate-owned life insurance policies (2)— 13.2 — 13.2 
Total assets at fair value$0.1 $13.2 $— $13.3 
 
Deferred compensation liability at fair value (3):$14.7 $— $— $14.7 
______________________
(1)The Company has elected to use the fair value option for the mutual funds to better align the measurement of the assets with the measurement of the liability, which are measured using quoted prices of identical instruments in active markets and are categorized as Level 1.
(2)The corporate-owned life insurance contracts are recorded at cash surrender value, which is provided by a third party and reflects the net asset value of the underlying publicly traded mutual funds, and are categorized as Level 2.
(3)The deferred compensation liability is measured at fair value based on the quoted prices of identical instruments to the investment vehicles selected by the participants.
16. Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consists of amounts for taxes currently payable, amounts for tax items deferred to future periods; as well as adjustments relating to the Company’s determination of uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the future tax consequences attributable to tax net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards and differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of applicable assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are regularly reviewed for recoverability and valuation allowances are established based on historical losses, projected future taxable income and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. As a result of this review, the Company established a full valuation allowance against U.S. federal and state capital loss carryforwards, as well as certain foreign NOL carryforwards and related deferred tax assets, and continues to maintain a partial valuation allowance against certain U.S. state NOL and tax credit carryforwards.
In October 2021, more than 130 countries agreed to implement Pillar 2, a plan introduced by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) providing for a global minimum tax rate of 15% (calculated on a country-by-country basis) for those companies having consolidated revenue of at least €750 million. The implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax rules has begun to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. The main purpose of such rules is to minimize tax base erosion and profit shifting from higher tax jurisdictions to lower tax jurisdictions by multi-national companies. On February 1, 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) indicated that they view the minimum tax (“Top-Up Tax”) imposed under Pillar 2 as an alternative minimum tax, and as such, it should be recognized in the period incurred versus recognizing or adjusting deferred tax assets and liabilities. On February 2, 2023, the OECD issued various administrative guidance including transitional safe harbor rules available in conjunction with the implementation of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax. Based upon the current OECD rules and administrative guidance, as well as the related legislation of those countries which has been enacted to date, the Company does not anticipate being subject to material Top-Up Taxes. The
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Company is continuing to monitor the potential impact of the Pillar 2 proposals and developments on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, including eligibility for any transitional safe harbor rules.
Income Tax Provision
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Current:
United States$48.4 $36.4 $16.7 
Non-United States5.3 4.6 1.8 
State and local7.7 7.6 5.4 
Total current61.4 48.6 23.9 
Deferred:
United States(12.9)(7.5)3.4 
Non-United States0.2 1.3 0.7 
State and local(0.6)0.2 (1.2)
Total deferred(13.3)(6.0)2.9 
Provision for income taxes$48.1 $42.6 $26.8 
    
The provision for income taxes differs from the United States statutory income tax rate due to the following items (in millions):
 Year Ended
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Provision for income taxes at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate$43.5 $30.8 $17.6 
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit6.4 5.2 3.4 
Net effects of foreign rate differential0.9 0.9 0.5 
Net effects of foreign operations— 0.1 — 
Nondeductible acquisition costs— (1.3)4.2 
Unrecognized tax benefits, net of federal benefit(2.9)0.5 0.2 
Excess tax benefits related to equity compensation(4.6)(1.7)(1.2)
§162(m) compensation limitation5.4 6.2 3.3 
Nondeductible loss on divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets— 2.0 — 
Net changes in valuation allowance(0.2)0.5 (0.8)
Other(0.4)(0.6)(0.4)
Provision for income taxes $48.1 $42.6 $26.8 
The provision for income taxes was calculated based upon the following components of income from continuing operations before income taxes (in millions):
 Year Ended
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
United States$185.0 $127.6 $74.5 
Non-United States22.0 19.2 9.3 
Income before income taxes$207.0 $146.8 $83.8 
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Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred income taxes consist of the tax effects of the following temporary differences (in millions):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
Compensation and retirement benefits$19.4 $24.5 
General accruals and reserves12.7 11.3 
Lease liabilities19.3 17.2 
State tax net operating loss and credit carryforwards10.3 13.4 
Federal and state capital loss carryforwards0.4 0.5 
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards0.9 1.0 
Other2.4 2.8 
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance65.4 70.7 
Valuation allowance(9.0)(12.0)
Total deferred tax assets56.4 58.7 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment19.8 23.4 
Lease ROU assets17.7 16.6 
Inventories15.3 17.0 
Intangible assets and goodwill197.2 208.4 
Total deferred tax liabilities250.0 265.4 
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)$(193.6)$(206.7)
Net amount on Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of:
Other assets$2.9 $3.3 
Deferred income taxes(196.5)(210.0)
Net long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities)$(193.6)$(206.7)
Management has reviewed the deferred tax assets and has analyzed the uncertainty with respect to ultimately realizing the related tax benefits associated with such assets. Based upon this analysis, management has determined that a valuation allowance should be established for the federal and state capital loss carryforwards, certain foreign NOL carryforwards and related deferred tax assets, as well as certain state NOL and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2024. Significant factors considered by management in this determination included the historical operating results of the Company, as well as anticipated reversals of future taxable temporary differences. Capital losses may generally only be used to offset available capital gains. Federal capital losses are allowed to be carried back three years and carried forward for five. The Company does not have any capital gains in the carryback period with which to offset any portion of the capital loss. States generally follow federal law with respect to capital losses; however, for those that do have a modification, such modification (in most cases) is to deny any carryback period. The carryforward periods for the state NOLs range from five to twenty years. The state credit carryforwards expire over a period of 15 years. The foreign NOL carryforwards are subject to a twenty-year expiration period.
At December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $171.2 million of state NOL carryforwards, expiring over various years ending through December 31, 2033. The Company has a tax effected valuation allowance of $6.1 million recorded against the related deferred tax asset. In addition, at December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $3.4 million of foreign NOL carryforwards, of which there is a recorded tax effected valuation allowance of $0.9 million. The majority of the decrease in the deferred tax asset relating to state net operating loss and credit carryforwards is the result of certain state net operating losses expiring unutilized. These expiring state net operating losses were effectively written off against the full valuation allowance previously recorded by the Company. As such, the majority of the decrease in the valuation allowance was the result of this write-off.
No provision has been made for U.S. federal income taxes related to approximately $41.5 million of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries considered to be permanently reinvested. No additional income tax liability would be expected to result if such earnings were repatriated to the U.S., other than potential out-of-pocket withholding taxes of approximately $2.2 million.
The Company’s total receivable for net accrued income taxes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $17.3 million and $13.5 million, respectively. This net amount is presented in the consolidated balance sheets as income taxes payable (separately disclosed in other current liabilities) of $2.3 million and $3.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively; and as income taxes receivable in the consolidated balance sheets of $19.6 million and $17.0 million as of
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December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net cash paid for income taxes to governmental tax authorities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $68.1 million, $45.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively.
Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The Company's total liability for net unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively.
The following table represents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period$5.1 $5.4 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year0.1 0.1 
Additions for tax positions of prior years— 0.1 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(0.1)— 
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations(3.4)(0.5)
Balance at end of period$1.7 $5.1 
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits includes $0.5 million and $1.1 million of gross accrued interest and penalties, respectively. The amount of net interest and penalties recorded as income tax (benefit) expense during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $(0.4) million, $0.4 million, and $0.2 million, respectively.
The Company conducts business in multiple locations within and outside the U.S. Consequently, the Company is subject to periodic income tax examinations by domestic and foreign income tax authorities. In accordance with the Spin-Off Transaction, the Company is required to indemnify Regal Rexnord Corporation for any future income tax liabilities associated with PMC entities relating to all open tax years ending prior to, and including, the short period ended on the date of the Spin-Off. Regal Rexnord Corporation was recently notified by the Netherlands tax authorities of their intention to conduct an income tax examination of certain PMC Netherland entities’ corporate income tax returns for the tax year ended December 31, 2021. It appears reasonably possible that the amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits and indemnification liabilities could change in the next twelve months upon conclusion of the current ongoing examinations; however, any potential payments of income tax, interest and penalties are not expected to be significant to the Company's consolidated financial statements. With certain exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for tax years ending prior to December 31, 2020, state and local income tax examinations for years ending prior to March 31, 2020 or significant foreign income tax examinations for years ending prior to March 31, 2019.
17. Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies:
The Company's subsidiaries are involved in various unresolved legal actions, administrative proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business involving, among other things, product liability, commercial, employment, workers' compensation, intellectual property claims and environmental matters. The Company establishes accruals in a manner that is consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for costs associated with such matters when liability is probable and those costs are capable of being reasonably estimated. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions or the range of possible loss or recovery, based upon current information, management believes the eventual outcome of these unresolved legal actions, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
On December 15, 2023, Zurn Holdings, Inc. sold all of the equity interests of its direct subsidiary Zurn Industries, together with Zurn Industries’ direct and indirect subsidiaries that primarily held asbestos liabilities, certain assets and cash, in a stock sale transaction to an unaffiliated buyer. In accordance with the terms of the stock sale agreement, a subsidiary of the Company will indemnify the buyer for breaches of representations or warranties, breaches of covenants, and certain other liabilities as long as such liabilities are entirely unrelated to asbestos liabilities or assets. In addition, the buyer will indemnify the Company and its affiliates for breaches of representations or warranties, breaches of covenants, liabilities related to the operation of Zurn Industries’ and buyer’s operations post-closing and all claims arising out of asbestos liabilities and related insurance coverage.
As a result of the transaction, all asbestos obligations and liabilities, related insurance assets and associated deferred taxes, and other assets sold to the buyer, have been removed from the Company’s consolidated balance sheet effective December 15, 2023 and the Company no longer has any obligation with respect to pending and future asbestos claims related to
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the divested entities. As such, the divested entities have been deconsolidated from our 2023 financial results as the Company no longer owns or controls such entities. Therefore, for the period ending December 31, 2023, all asbestos obligations and liabilities, related insurance assets and associated deferred taxes, and other assets of the divested subsidiaries are no longer reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded a loss on the divestiture of asbestos liabilities and certain assets of $11.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, including transaction expenses of $2.1 million.
Prior to the stock sale transaction, certain Company subsidiaries were subject to asbestos litigation. As of December 31, 2022, certain Company subsidiaries and numerous other unrelated companies were defendants in approximately 6,000 asbestos related lawsuits representing approximately 7,000 claims. Plaintiffs' claims alleged personal injuries caused by exposure to asbestos used primarily in industrial boilers formerly manufactured by a segment of Zurn Elkay's subsidiaries. Those subsidiaries did not manufacture asbestos or asbestos components. Instead, they were purchased from suppliers. These claims were handled pursuant to a defense strategy funded by insurers.
In prior years, the asbestos liability was developed based on actuarial studies and represented the projected indemnity payout for current and future claims. There were inherent uncertainties involved in estimating the number of future asbestos claims, future settlement costs, and the effectiveness of defense strategies and settlement initiatives. As of December 31, 2022, the estimated potential liability for the asbestos-related claims described above, as well as the claims expected to be filed in the next ten years, was approximately $79.0 million which was recorded in the reserve for asbestos claims within the consolidated balance sheets.
In prior years, the Company also recorded a receivable from its insurance carriers, which corresponded to the amount of this potential asbestos liability that was covered by available insurance and was determined to be probable of recovery. However, there was no assurance the Company's insurance coverage would ultimately be available or that this asbestos liability would not ultimately exceed the coverage limits. Factors that could cause a decrease in the amount of available coverage or create gaps in coverage include: changes in law governing the policies, potential disputes and settlements with the carriers regarding the scope of coverage, and insolvencies of one or more of the Company's carriers. As of December 31, 2022, management estimated that the available insurance to cover the ten-year estimated potential asbestos-related liabilities was $72.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $6.9 million for the amount that the estimated potential liability exceeded a gap in the Company's estimated available insurance coverage. This expense was recorded in other income (expense), net within the consolidated statements of operations.
18. Common Stock Repurchases
During fiscal 2015, the Company's Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program (the "Repurchase Program") authorizing the repurchase of up to $200.0 million of the Company's common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. On January 27, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors approved increasing the remaining share repurchase authority under the Repurchase Program to $300.0 million. On February 8, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved increasing the remaining share repurchase authority under the Repurchase Program to $500.0 million. The Repurchase Program does not require the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not specify the timing of purchases or the prices to be paid; however, the program will continue until the maximum amount of dollars authorized have been expended or until it is modified or terminated by the Board. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 4.7 million shares of common stock at a total cost of $150.2 million at an average price of $31.81 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 5.3 million shares of common stock at a total cost of $125.0 million at an average price of $23.66 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 1.1 million shares of common stock at a total cost of $24.7 million at an average price of $23.00 per share. The repurchased shares were canceled by the Company upon receipt. At December 31, 2024, a total of approximately $240.2 million of repurchase authority remained under the Repurchase Program.

19. Business Segment, Geographic and Customer Information
The Company is a pure-play water management business that designs, procures, manufactures and markets what the Company believes to be the broadest sustainable product portfolio of specification-driven water management solutions to improve health, hydration, human safety and the environment. The Company’s product portfolio includes professional grade water safety and control products, flow systems products, hygienic and environmental products and filtered drinking water products. Revenue is primarily generated in the United States and the Company manages and evaluates its operations on a consolidated basis as one operating and reporting segment due to similarities of its products, processes, customer base and methods of distribution. The Company’s accounting policies are described in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies.
The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM assesses the Company’s performance and makes capital allocation decisions based on Net income from continuing operations as reported in the consolidated statement of operations. This metric is used to monitor forecasted to actual and budgeted results and
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benchmarking to our peers. The following table includes segment revenue, significant expense items and segment profit as viewed by the CODM for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year Ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Net sales$1,566.5 $1,530.5 $1,281.8 
Less:
Cost of sales859.5 882.4 816.3 
Selling, general and administrative expenses389.8 371.3 309.0 
Other segment items (1)158.3 172.6 99.5 
Segment profit (Net income from continuing operations)$158.9 $104.2 $57.0 
______________________
(1)Other segment items include restructuring and other similar charges, amortization of intangible assets, interest expense, net, actuarial gain on pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, other expense, net, provision for income taxes, and other non-recurring charges.
Segment net sales, amortization, interest expense, net, income before income taxes and income tax expense are included on the consolidated statement of operations. Segment assets are included on the consolidated balance sheet and segment depreciation, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash restructuring charges, and expenditures for plant, property and equipment are included on the consolidated statement of cash flows. Interest income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $7.8 million, $4.9 million, and $0.5 million, respectively.
Net sales to third parties and long-lived assets by geographic region are as follows (in millions):
 Net SalesLong-lived Assets
 Year Ended December 31, 2024Year Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
United States$1,394.8 $1,368.8 $1,135.3 $148.0 $160.6 $165.9 
Canada145.8 133.8 131.1 10.2 11.7 12.0 
Rest of World25.9 27.9 15.4 5.8 8.0 5.9 
$1,566.5 $1,530.5 $1,281.8 $164.0 $180.3 $183.8 
Net sales to third parties are attributed to the geographic regions based on the country in which the shipment originates. Amounts attributed to the geographic regions for long-lived assets are based on the location of the entity that holds such assets. Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment, net which includes finance lease ROU assets and excludes net intangible assets and goodwill.
The Company’s largest customer accounted for 19%, 20% and 22% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. No other customers account for more than 10% of consolidated net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022.
20. Subsequent Events
Dividends
On January 30, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on the Company's common stock of $0.09 per share to be paid on March 7, 2025, to stockholders of record as of February 20, 2025.
Pension Plan Termination
On January 30, 2025, subsequent to the end of the fiscal year, the Company's Board of Directors approved a resolution to terminate the Company's defined benefit pension plan. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, the Company commenced the plan termination process and expects to complete the termination during 2025. The termination of the plan will follow an amendment to freeze the plan, pursuant to which all future benefit accruals, including compensation increases, will be frozen effective March 31, 2025.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner allowing timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As such, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the period covered by this report.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based upon that evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or deterioration in the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures.
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
Our directors and officers, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), may from time to time enter into plans for the purchase or sale of our common stock that are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the following directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements" (as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act):
•Timothy J. Jahnke, Director, adopted a new written trading plan on December 6, 2024. The plan's maximum duration is until April 1, 2026. The first trade will not occur until April 1, 2025, at the earliest. The trading plan is intended to permit Mr. Jahnke to sell 60,000 of his shares held.
No other directors or officers of the Company adopted, modified, or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Proposal 1: Election of Directors" and "Corporate Governance and Board of Directors" in the definitive proxy statement for the Company’s annual meeting, to be held on or about May 1, 2025 (the "Proxy Statement"), and from the information under the caption "Information about our Executive Officers" in Part I hereof.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a written code of ethics, referred to as the Zurn Elkay Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, applicable to all directors, officers and employees, which includes provisions relating to accounting and financial matters applicable to the principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer and controller. We have posted a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website at www.zurnelkay.com. To obtain a copy, free of charge, please submit a written request to Zurn Elkay Investor Relations, 511 West Freshwater Way, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53204. If we make any substantive amendments to, or grant any waivers from, the code of ethics for any director or officer, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our corporate website at www.zurnelkay.com or in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Proposal 1: Election of Directors", "Corporate Governance and Board of Directors", "Compensation Discussion and Analysis", "Compensation Committee Report", and "Executive Compensation" in the Proxy Statement.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the Proxy Statement.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following chart gives aggregate information regarding grants under all equity compensation plans of the Company through December 31, 2024.
Plan categoryNumber of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rightsWeighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (2)Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in first column)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)2,885,144$18.72963,928
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holdersNoneNoneNone
Total2,885,144$18.72963,928
______________________
(1)Represents options, PSUs and RSUs granted under the Incentive Plan.
(2)The average exercise price excludes PSUs and RSUs.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled "Corporate Governance and Board of Directors" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" in the Proxy Statement.
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ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from the section entitled "Report of the Audit Committee" and "Auditors" in the Proxy Statement.
79

PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) (1) Financial Statements
The Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 hereof are for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 consist of the following:
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules.
The Financial Statement Schedule of the Company appended hereto for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 consists of the following:
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in Millions)
  Additions  
DescriptionBalance at
Beginning
of Year		Charged to
Costs and
Expenses		Charged
to Other
Accounts		Deductions
(1)		Balance at
End of
Year
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Valuation allowance for trade and notes receivable1.2 1.0 — (0.8)1.4 
Valuation allowance for income taxes35.1 0.1 0.3 (3.3)32.2 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Valuation allowance for trade and notes receivable1.4 2.3 — (0.6)3.1 
Valuation allowance for income taxes32.2 0.5 — (20.7)12.0 
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Valuation allowance for trade and notes receivable3.1 (0.1)— (1.2)1.8 
Valuation allowance for income taxes12.0 — — (3.0)9.0 
______________________
 (1)     Uncollectible amounts, dispositions charged against the accrual and write-off of expiring tax loss carryforwards.

All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or because the information required is included in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
(a) (3) Exhibits.

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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
ExhibitDescriptionIncorporated Herein by Reference toFiled Herewith
2.1Exhibit 99.2 to the Form 8-K filed by RBS Global, Inc./Rexnord LLC on May 19, 2005
2.2Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021
2.3Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021
2.4Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 14, 2022
3.1(a)Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed July 26, 2022
3.1(b)Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K dated December 1, 2016
3.2Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed July 1, 2022
4.1Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
10.1(a)Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed July 1, 2022
10.1(b)Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 14, 2022
10.2Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020
10.3(a)Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 8-K filed July 1, 2022
10.3(b)Appendix A to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on June 10, 2016
10.3(c)Exhibit 10.32 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-174504
10.3(d)Exhibit 10.3(c) to the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
10.3(e)Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020
10.3(f)Exhibit 10.3(d) to the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
10.3(g)Exhibit 10.3(e) to the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
10.3(h)Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012
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10.3(i)Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014
10.3(j)Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016
10.3(k)Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015
10.3(l)Exhibit 10.3(f) to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2016
10.4Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K dated May 17, 2024
10.5Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K dated May 18, 2016 (filed on May 24, 2016)
10.6Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017
10.7Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
10.8Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K dated December 13, 2018
10.9Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024
10.10Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2017
10.11(a)Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2021
10.11(b)Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed July 1, 2022
10.12(a)Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2021
10.13(a)Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021
10.13(b)Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021
10.13(c)Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021
10.13(d)Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 8-K filed February 19, 2021
10.13(e)Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed October 5, 2021
82

10.14Exhibit 10.17 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022
10.15Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form S-8 filed May 3, 2024
19X
21.1X
23.1X
24Signatures page hereto
31.1X
31.2X
32.1X
97Exhibit 97 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023
101.INS
Inline XBRL Instance Document (The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.)
X
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema DocumentX
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentX
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase DocumentX
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase DocumentX
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentX
104Cover Page Inline XBRL data (contained in Exhibit 101)X

*Denotes management plan or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of the schedules omitted from this exhibit to the Commission upon request.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
Not applicable.

83

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 
ZURN ELKAY WATER SOLUTIONS CORPORATION
By: /s/ Todd A. Adams
Name: Todd A. Adams
Title: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Date: 
February 10, 2025

84

POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Todd A. Adams, David J. Pauli and Jeffrey J. LaValle, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this report, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and any other regulatory authority, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ Todd A. AdamsChairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
February 10, 2025
Todd A. Adams(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ David J. PauliChief Financial Officer
February 10, 2025
David J. Pauli(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Mark S. BartlettDirector
February 10, 2025
Mark S. Bartlett
/s/ Jacques Don ButlerDirector
February 10, 2025
Jacques Don Butler
/s/ Thomas D. ChristopoulDirector
February 10, 2025
Thomas D. Christopoul
/s/ Timothy J. JahnkeDirector
February 10, 2025
Timothy J. Jahnke
/s/ David C. LongrenDirector
February 10, 2025
David C. Longren
/s/ Emma McTagueDirector
February 10, 2025
Emma McTague
/s/ George C. MooreDirector
February 10, 2025
George C. Moore
/s/ Rosemary SchoolerDirector
February 10, 2025
Rosemary Schooler
/s/ Peggy N. TroyDirector
February 10, 2025
Peggy N. Troy

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