1

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

or

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED December 31, 2025

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

or

☐SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number 1-15242

Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft 

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Deutsche Bank Corporation

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Federal Republic of Germany

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

(Address of principal executive offices)

Andrea Schriber, +49-69-910-40493, andrea.schriber@db.com, Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

See following page

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

NONE

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

NONE

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period

covered by the annual report:

Ordinary Shares, no par value  1,902,873,264

(as of December 31, 2025)

2

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to

Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and

(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted

pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the

registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging

growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the

Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the

registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards*

provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

*The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to

its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the

effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the

registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the

registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based

compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP☐ International Financial Reporting Standards☒ Other ☐

as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant

has elected to follow

Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange

Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

Yes ☐ No ☐

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act (as of February 28, 2026)

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary shares, no par value		DB		The New York Stock Exchange
DB Gold Double Long Exchange Traded Notes due February 15, 2038		DGP		NYSE Arca, Inc.
DB Gold Double Short Exchange Traded Notes due February 15, 2038		DZZ		NYSE Arca, Inc.
DB Gold Short Exchange Traded Notes due February 15, 2038		DGZ		NYSE Arca, Inc.

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Deutsche Bank
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Table of Contents

Table of Contents			3
PART I			8
Item 1: Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers			8
Item 2: Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable			8
Item 3: Key Information			8
Dividends			8
Capitalization and Indebtedness			9
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds			9
Risk Factors			10
Item 4: Information on the company			40
History and development of the company			40
Business Overview			40
The competitive environment			49
Regulation and Supervision			57
Organizational Structure			77
Property and Equipment			77
Information required by subpart 1400 of SEC Regulation S-K			77
Item 4A: Unresolved Staff Comments			78
Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects			78
Overview			78
Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates			78
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements and new accounting pronouncements			78
Operating results			79
Results of operations			79
Financial position			79
Liquidity and capital resources			80
Post-employment benefit plans			80
Off-balance sheet arrangements			80
Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations			80
Research and development, patents and licenses			80
Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees			81
Directors and Senior Management			81
Board practices of the Management Board			84
Compensation			85
Employees			85
Share Ownership			85
Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions			86
Major Shareholders			86
Related Party Transactions			88
Interests of Experts and Counsel			88
Item 8: Financial Information			89
Consolidated statements and other financial information			89
Significant changes			90
Item 9: The Offer and Listing			91
Offer and Listing Details and Markets			91
Plan of Distribution			91
Selling Shareholders			91
Dilution			91
Expenses of the Issue			91
Item 10: Additional Information			92
Share Capital			92
Memorandum and Articles of Association			92
Notification Requirements			96

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Deutsche Bank
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Material Contracts			99
Exchange Controls			100
Taxation			100
Dividends and Paying Agents			104
Statement by Experts			104
Documents on Display			104
Subsidiary Information			104
Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk			105
Item 12: Description of Securities other than Equity Securities			105
PART II			106
Item 13: Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies			106
Item 14: Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds			106
Item 15: Controls and Procedures			106
Disclosure Controls and Procedures			106
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting			106
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			107
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting			107
Item 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert			109
Item 16B: Code of Ethics			109
Item 16C: Principal accountant fees and services			109
Item 16D: Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees			109
Item 16E: Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers			110
Item 16F: Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant			111
Item 16G: Corporate Governance			111
Item 16H: Mine Safety Disclosure			114
Item 16I: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections			114
Item 16J: Insider Trading Policies			114
Item 16K: Cybersecurity			114
Disclosures Under Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012			115
PART III			117
Item 17: Financial Statements			117
Item 18: Financial Statements			117
Item 19: Exhibits			118
Signatures			119
Annual Report			120
Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited) – S-1			S-1

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Deutsche Bank
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft, also called Deutsche Bank AG, is a stock corporation organized under the laws of the

Federal Republic of Germany. Unless otherwise specified or required by the context, in this document, references to

“Deutsche Bank”, “the bank” or “the Group” are to Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Due to rounding, numbers presented throughout this document may not add up precisely to the totals presented and

percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures.

The bank’s registered address is Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and its telephone number is

+49-69-910-00.

Inclusion of its Annual Report

Deutsche Bank has included as an integral part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F its Annual Report 2025, to which the

bank refers to in response to certain items included in Form 20-F. Certain portions of the Annual Report 2025 have been

omitted, as indicated therein. The included Annual Report 2025 contains the consolidated financial statements, which

the bank refers to in response to Items 8 and 18.

The Annual Report 2025 and consolidated financial statements included herein differ from those Deutsche Bank

publishes for other purposes (the “non-SEC” versions thereof) in that the financial information presented in the Annual

Report 2025 and consolidated financial statements included herein has been prepared in accordance with International

Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The financial

information as well as financial targets and capital objectives presented in the non-SEC Annual Report 2025 and

consolidated financial statements included therein, by contrast, have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued

by the IASB and endorsed by the European Union (EU), including, effective as of January 1, 2020, the application of fair

value hedge accounting for portfolio hedges of interest rate risk (fair value macro hedges) in accordance with the EU

carve out version of International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39. Deutsche Bank does not use the IASB IFRS financial

results presented in this document as a basis for measuring the bank’s progress towards its financial targets or capital

objectives. For further information, see Note 01 “Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates – Basis of

accounting – EU carve out” to the consolidated financial statements.

Such consolidated financial statements differ from those contained in the Annual Report 2025 used for other purposes

(the “non-SEC financial statements”) in that (i) Notes 42, 43 and 44 of the non-SEC financial statements, which address

non-U.S. requirements, have been deleted, and (ii) Note 42, which addresses U.S. requirements, has been added to the

included financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements have been audited by EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, as

described in their “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” included in the Annual Report 2025. Such

report is included only in the version of the Annual Report 2025 included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

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Deutsche Bank
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Deutsche Bank makes certain forward-looking statements in this document with respect to its financial condition and

results of operations. In this document, forward-looking statements include, among others, statements relating to:

–The potential development and impact on the bank from the challenging global macroeconomic and geopolitical

environment, market conditions and the legal and regulatory environment to which the bank is subject. This includes

the significant escalation in global trade tensions, divergence in monetary policies, risk of market corrections, along

with elevated geopolitical risks

–Deutsche Bank's ability to meet its strategic initiatives planned for 2026-2028 could be adversely affected by these

economic, geopolitical and business conditions, along with the legal and regulatory environment

The development of aspects of Deutsche Bank’s results of operations

–The bank’s expectations of the impact of risks that affect the bank’s businesses, including the risks of losses in its

trading businesses and credit exposures

–Other statements relating to the bank’s future business development and economic performance

In addition, Deutsche Bank may from time to time make forward-looking statements in the periodic reports to the United

States Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 6-K, annual and interim reports, invitations to Annual General

Meetings and other information sent to shareholders, offering circulars and prospectuses, press releases and other

written materials. Deutsche Bank’s Management Board, Supervisory Board, officers and employees may also make oral

forward-looking statements to third parties, including financial analysts.

Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the bank’s beliefs

and expectations. Deutsche Bank uses words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “seek”, “estimate”,

“project”, “should”, “potential”, “reasonably possible”, “plan”, “aim” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking

statements.

By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, both general and specific. Deutsche

Bank bases these statements on its current plans, estimates, projections and expectations. The reader of this document

should therefore not place too much reliance on them. The bank’s forward-looking statements speak only as of the date

the bank makes them, and Deutsche Bank undertakes no obligation to update any of them in light of new information or

future events.

Deutsche Bank cautions the reader that a number of important factors could cause its actual results to differ materially

from those the bank describes in any forward-looking statement. These factors include those listed above and, among

others, the following:

–Other changes in general economic and business conditions or market corrections

–Changes in the geopolitical environment

–Changes and volatility in currency exchange rates, interest rates and asset prices

–Changes in governmental policy and regulation, including measures taken in response to economic, business, political

and social conditions

–The potential development and impact on the bank of legal and regulatory proceedings to which the bank is or may

become subject

–Changes in the bank’s competitive environment

–The success of acquisitions, divestitures, mergers and strategic investments and alliances

–Other factors, including those the bank refers to in “Item 3: Key Information – Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this

document and others to which the bank does not refer

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Deutsche Bank
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Use of Non-GAAP financial measures

This document and other documents Deutsche Bank has published or may publish contain Non-GAAP financial

measures. Non-GAAP financial measures are measures of the bank’s historical or future performance, financial position or

cash flows that contain adjustments that exclude or include amounts that are included or excluded, as the case may be,

from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with IFRS in the financial

statements. Examples of Deutsche Bank’s Non-GAAP financial measures and the most directly comparable IFRS financial

measures, are as follows:

Non-GAAP financial measure	Most Directly Comparable IFRS financial measure
Net interest income in the key banking book segments	Net interest income
Revenues on a currency-adjusted basis	Net revenues
Adjusted costs, Costs on a currency-adjusted basis, Nonoperating costs	Noninterest expenses
Net assets (adjusted)	Total assets
Tangible shareholders’ equity, Average tangible shareholders’ equity, Tangible book value, Average tangible book value	Total shareholders’ equity (book value)
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity (based on Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders after AT1 coupon)	Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity
Tangible book value per basic share outstanding, Book value per basic share outstanding	Book value per share outstanding

For descriptions of these Non-GAAP financial measures and the adjustments made to the most directly comparable

financial measures under IFRS, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP financial measures”,

which is included herein.

When used with respect to future periods, Non-GAAP financial measures used by Deutsche Bank are also forward-

looking statements. The bank cannot predict or quantify the levels of the most directly comparable financial measures

under IFRS that would correspond to these measures for future periods. This is because neither the magnitude of such

IFRS financial measures, nor the magnitude of the adjustments to be used to calculate the related Non-GAAP financial

measures from such IFRS financial measures, can be predicted. Such adjustments, if any, will relate to specific, currently

unknown, events and in most cases can be positive or negative, so that it is not possible to predict whether, for a future

period, the Non-GAAP financial measure will be greater than or less than the related IFRS financial measure.

Use of Internet Addresses

This document contains inactive textual addresses of Internet websites operated by the bank and third parties.

Reference to such websites is made for informational purposes only, and information found at such websites is not

incorporated by reference into this document.

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Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Dividends

PART I

Item 1: Identity of Directors, Senior Management and

Advisers

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Item 2: Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Item 3: Key Information

Dividends

The following table shows the dividend per share in Euro and in U.S. dollars for the years ended December 31, 2025,

2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Deutsche Bank declares dividends at its Annual General Meeting following each year. For

2025, the Management Board intends to propose to the Annual General Meeting to pay a dividend of € 1.00 per share.

Deutsche Bank’s dividends are based on the non-consolidated results of Deutsche Bank AG as prepared in accordance

with German accounting principles. Because the Group declares dividends in euro, the amount an investor actually

receives in any other currency depends on the exchange rate between Euro and that currency at the time the euros are

converted into that currency.

In general, the German withholding tax applicable to dividends is 26.375% (consisting of a 25% withholding tax and an

effective 1.375% surcharge). Under the German Investment Tax Act, dividends received by an investment fund within the

meaning of the German Investment Tax Act are subject to 15% German withholding tax equal to the treaty tax rate. For

individual German tax residents, the withholding tax paid represents for private dividends, generally, the full and final

income tax applicable to the dividends. Dividend recipients who are tax residents of countries that have entered into a

convention for avoiding double taxation may be eligible to receive a refund from the German tax authorities for a portion

of the amount withheld and in addition may be entitled to receive a tax credit for the German withholding tax not

refunded in accordance with their local tax law.

Generally, U.S. residents will be entitled to receive a refund equal to 11.375% of the dividends paid. For U.S. federal

income tax purposes, the dividends the Group pays are not eligible for the dividends received deduction generally

allowed for dividends received by U.S. corporations from other U.S. corporations.

Dividends in the table below are presented before German withholding tax.

See “Item 10: Additional Information – Taxation” for more information on the tax treatment of the bank’s dividends.

						Payout ratio2,3
Financial Year for which dividend is paid		Dividends per share1		Dividends per share		Basic earnings per share		Diluted earnings per share
2025 (proposed)		$ 1.17		€ 1.00		33%		34%
2024		$ 0.77		€ 0.68		36%		37%
2023		$ 0.49		€ 0.45		16%		16%
2022		$ 0.32		€ 0.30		13%		13%
2021		$ 0.21		€ 0.20		20%		21%

N/M – Not meaningful

1From 2025 onwards, dividends declared and paid in U.S. $ were translated from € into U.S. $ based on the exchange rates as of the payment date. This is a change in

presentation only and does not affect the amount of dividends paid. For the current year proposed divided, the translation has been performed using the exchange rate

on the last business day of the year

2Payout ratio defined as dividends per share the Group paid in respect of each financial year as a percentage of basic and diluted earnings per share for that year

9

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Capitalization and Indebtedness

Capitalization and Indebtedness

Consolidated capitalization in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB as of December 31, 2025

		in € m.
Debt:1
Long-term debt		114,754
Trust preferred securities		283
Long-term debt at fair value through profit or loss		27,299
Total debt		142,336
Shareholders’ equity:
Common shares (no par value)		4,891
Additional paid-in capital		38,281
Retained earnings		30,275
Common shares in treasury, at cost		(185)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
Unrealized net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax and other		(819)
Unrealized net gains (losses) on derivatives hedging variability of cash flows, net of tax		(36)
Unrealized net gains (losses) on assets classified as held for sale, net of tax
Unrealized net gains (losses) attributable to change in own credit risk of financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit and loss, net of tax		(192)
Foreign currency translation, net of tax		(3,211)
Unrealized net gains (losses) from equity method investments		10
Total shareholders’ equity		69,015
Additional equity components		11,708
Noncontrolling interests		1,562
Total equity		82,285
Total capitalization		224,621

1€46,560 million (33%) of Deutsche Bank’s debt was secured as of December 31, 2025.

Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

10

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risk Factors

An investment in Deutsche Bank’s securities involves a number of risks. Potential investors should carefully consider the

following information about the risks Deutsche Bank faces, together with other information in this document, when they

make investment decisions involving Deutsche Bank’s securities. If one or more of these risks were to materialize, it could

have a material adverse effect on Deutsche Bank’s financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prices of its

securities.

Summary of Risk Factors

Risks Relating to the Macroeconomic, Geopolitical and Market Environment. Deutsche Bank is materially affected by

global macroeconomic, geopolitical and market conditions. Significant challenges may arise from evolving global trade

tensions, political instability, asset deterioration, market volatility and a deteriorating macroeconomic environment.

These risks could negatively affect the business environment, leading to weaker economic activity and a broader

correction in the financial markets. Materialization of these risks could negatively affect Deutsche Bank’s results of

operations and financial condition as well as the bank’s ability to achieve its strategic plans and financial targets.

Risks Relating to Deutsche Bank’s Strategy and Business. If Deutsche Bank is unable to meet its 2028 financial targets

due to a significant deterioration in the global macroeconomic environment, an adverse change in market confidence in

the banking sector and/or client behavior, the bank may incur unexpected losses or experience lower than planned

profitability. This could result in an erosion of the bank’s capital or liquidity base, which could adversely affect its ability

to access the debt capital markets or to sell assets during periods of market or firm specific liquidity constraints. This may

significantly impact Deutsche Bank’s business model, results of operations, and ability to make desired cash distributions

and share buybacks.

Risks Relating to Regulation and Supervision. Prudential reforms and increased regulatory scrutiny affecting the financial

sector continue to have a significant impact on Deutsche Bank, which may adversely affect its business and, in cases of

non-compliance, could lead to regulatory sanctions against the bank, including prohibitions against making dividend

payments, share buybacks or payments on Deutsche Bank's regulatory capital instruments, or increasing regulatory

capital and liquidity requirements. Regulatory changes may impact how key subsidiaries are funded which could affect

how businesses operate and negatively impact results. Regulatory actions may also require Deutsche Bank to change its

business model or result in some business activities becoming unviable. Regulatory and legislative changes could require

Deutsche Bank to maintain increased capital and debt that can be bailed in in a resolution scenario to abide by tightened

liquidity requirements. Any perceptions in the market that the bank may be unable to meet its capital or liquidity

requirements could intensify the effect of these factors on the bank’s business and results.

Risks Relating to Deutsche Bank’s Internal Control Environment. The bank continually enhances the effectiveness of its

internal control environment and improves its infrastructure to align with updated regulatory requirements and to close

gaps identified by the bank and/or by regulators and monitors. If progress is slower than anticipated or the bank fails to

deliver durable improvements, Deutsche Bank’s reputation, regulatory position and financial results could be adversely

affected.

Risks Relating to Technology, Data and Innovation. Digitalization and the speed of innovation in areas such as artificial

intelligence (AI) may offer market entry opportunities for new competitors. AI has the potential to amplify existing risk

factors across various domains. The emergence of agentic AI solutions has the potential to enable autonomous decision

making within processes, increasing the probability of undetected mistakes. For example, autonomous AI agents could

distort or override defined objectives and optimize in ways that undermine regulatory, ethical, or operational safeguards,

such as prioritizing speed or performance metrics over compliance obligations, fairness standards, or critical quality

controls. If Deutsche Bank does not address these emerging risks, it may face compliance issues, operational

inefficiencies and potential losses, along with reputational risks that could weaken the market’s confidence in Deutsche

Bank’s ability to apply AI responsibly.

Risks Relating to Litigation, Regulatory Enforcement Matters, Investigations and Tax Examinations. The bank operates in

a highly regulated and litigious environment, potentially exposing the bank to liabilities and other costs, the amounts of

which may be substantial and difficult to estimate, as well as to legal and regulatory sanctions and reputational risks.

Should any legal proceedings or investigations result in a finding that the bank failed to comply with an applicable law,

result in guilty pleas or convictions, Deutsche Bank could be exposed to material damages, fines, limitations on business,

remedial undertakings, criminal prosecution or other material adverse effects on the bank's financial condition as well as

risk to the bank’s reputation and potential loss of business as a result of extensive media attention.

11

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Climate Change and Other Risks Relating to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)-Related Matters. The impacts

of rising global temperatures and the associated policy, technology and behavioral changes required to limit global

warming and nature degradation have led to emerging sources of financial and non-financial risks. These include the

physical risk impacts from extreme weather events and the risk that financial institutions face from increased scrutiny

from governments, regulators, shareholders, and other bodies. The emergence of significantly diverging (and sometimes

conflicting) ESG regulatory and/or disclosure standards across jurisdictions could lead to higher costs, including

compliance costs, and increased risks of failing to meet the respective regulatory requirements in each jurisdiction.

Other Risks - Deutsche Bank is also subject to other risks, including the following:

–Deutsche Bank’s risk management policies, procedures and methods may leave the bank exposed to unidentified or

unanticipated risks, which could lead to material losses

–As Deutsche Bank is dependent on legacy infrastructure providers with challenged business models, the bank

therefore has become more reliant on cloud-based and data intensive platforms which increases concentration risk

–Deutsche Bank utilizes a variety of third parties in support of its business and operations. Services provided by third

parties pose risks to the bank comparable to if Deutsche Bank performed the services internally. If such a third party

does not conduct business in accordance with applicable standards or the bank’s expectations, Deutsche Bank could

be exposed to material losses, regulatory action, litigation or reputational damage

–Operational risks, which may arise from errors in the performance of the bank’s processes, the conduct of its

employees, shortfalls in access management, instability, malfunction or outage of IT systems and infrastructure, or

loss of business continuity, or comparable issues with respect to the bank's vendors, may disrupt Deutsche Bank’s

businesses and lead to material losses

–Deutsche Bank’s large clearing and settlement business poses risks if it fails to operate properly for even short periods

–Impairments of goodwill and other intangible assets and reductions in deferred tax assets in the future may have

material adverse effects on Deutsche Bank’s profitability, equity and financial condition

–In addition to Deutsche Bank’s traditional banking businesses of deposit-taking and lending, the bank may also

engage in nontraditional credit businesses in which credit is extended via transactions that materially increase the

bank’s exposure to credit risk

–A substantial proportion of the bank’s assets and liabilities comprise financial instruments carried at fair value, with

changes in fair value recognized in the income statement, which could result in future losses and impact profitability.

–Deutsche Bank is exposed to pension risks which can materially impact the measurement of its pension obligations

and could materially impact the bank’s earnings

–The evolution of digital assets increases operational, liquidity and financial risks and could impact Deutsche Bank's

results of operations

–Deutsche Bank is subject to laws and other requirements relating to financial and trade sanctions and embargoes and

if breached, could result in the bank being subject to material regulatory enforcement actions and penalties

–Transactions with persons targeted by U.S. economic sanctions or counterparties in countries designated by the U.S.

State Department as state sponsors of terrorism may lead potential customers and investors to avoid doing business

or investing in Deutsche Bank’s securities, harm the bank’s reputation or result in regulatory or enforcement action,

which could have a material and adverse effect on the bank’s business

12

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risks Relating to the Macroeconomic, Geopolitical and Market Environment

Deutsche Bank is materially affected by global macroeconomic and market conditions. Significant challenges may arise

from evolving global trade tensions, political instability, asset deterioration, market volatility and a deteriorating

macroeconomic environment. These risks could negatively affect the business environment, leading to weaker economic

activity and a broader correction in the financial markets. Materialization of these risks could negatively affect Deutsche

Bank’s results of operations and financial condition as well as the bank’s ability to achieve its strategic plans and financial

targets. Deutsche Bank takes step to manage these risks through its risk management and hedging activities but remains

exposed to these macroeconomic and market risks.

The macroeconomic and market environment in 2025 was defined by persistent uncertainty, policy divergence, and

heightened volatility factors that collectively shaped the risk landscape for the bank and its stakeholders. This included a

significant escalation in global trade tensions, particularly in the first half of the year following the U.S. administration's

announcement of sweeping “reciprocal” tariffs and with even more punitive measures targeted at China, along with

ongoing uncertainty around Russia’s war in Ukraine and global divergence on central banks' monetary policies which

have led to significant currency movements. In Europe, uncertainty around political stability and fiscal positions for

certain larger economies led to sovereign credit rating downgrades and pressure on bond yields which could have a

negative impact on the economy and ultimately impact the creditworthiness of European clients. Although the U.S.

economy expects growth in 2026, inflation is expected to remain elevated in the near term and slower labor force growth

could devalue or create volatility in the U.S. dollar exchange rate, which could negatively impact the bank’s revenues and

results of operations.

Germany stagnated and there was weak growth across Europe during 2025 as market activity and sentiment was

impacted by the escalating trade conflict with the U.S. and increased competition with China, especially in the

automotive sector. In 2026, external headwinds are expected to remain, inflationary pressures from fiscal easing and a

tightening labor market may lead to inflation risks and pressure on the ECB to raise interest rates. These risks could have

a negative impact on the European economy and adversely affect Deutsche Bank’s loan growth and ability to achieve its

strategic goals.

Large-cap technology stocks have fueled concerns about a potential AI-driven bubble. Gold reached record highs as

investors sought safe havens amid persistent uncertainty, while long-term bond yields fluctuated in response to shifting

fiscal and political dynamics. Volatility or sharp declines or market corrections in asset prices and bond yields could

adversely impact the banks profitability and result in financial losses.

Commercial real estate (CRE) remains a key risk for potential increases in provisions for credit losses, with refinancing

challenges and price stabilization still uncertain, particularly in the U.S. While market indicators point to stabilizing CRE

prices, significant impairment risk remains depending on property types and regions (e.g., U.S. office space on the West

Coast) and could result in Deutsche Bank experiencing loan loss provisions higher than expected.

Private credit and activities from non-bank financial institutions (NBFI), continued to face pressure from higher interest

rates, refinancing risks, and subdued investor sentiment. Failures of a select number of sub-prime lenders in the U.S.

increased investor focus on risks associated with private credit and raised wider concerns around underwriting standards

and fraud risk. Although Deutsche Bank is not exposed to significant risks related to NBFIs, the bank could face potential

indirect credit risks through interconnected portfolios and counterparties.

Overall, either in isolation or in combination with other risk factors such as the potential escalation of geopolitical risks

(see below), the aforementioned risks could lead to a deterioration in Deutsche Bank’s portfolio quality and higher than

expected credit losses as well as increased capital and liquidity demands as clients draw down on funding lines. Higher

volatility in financial markets could lead to increased margin calls, higher market risk RWA and elevated valuation

reserves. Negative impacts on investor appetite may also impact the bank’s ability to distribute and de-risk capital market

commitments, which could potentially result in losses as well as making pricing and hedging more challenging and

costly. Higher volatility in capital markets amidst the challenging macro environment could also lead to increased

inherent risks in several operational risks including transaction processing, internal and external fraud. It also increases

the risk of idiosyncratic counterparty events both directly and indirectly, for example shortfalls under securities financing

transactions.

If multiple downside risks such as renewed trade tensions, fiscal instability, or disorderly market corrections were to

materialize simultaneously, these risks could have a material adverse impact on Deutsche Bank’s financial results and

ability to meet its 2028 financial targets and capital objectives.

13

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

A number of geopolitical and political risks and events could negatively affect Deutsche Bank’s business environment,

including weaker economic activity, financial market corrections, or compliance risks which could reduce the bank’s

ability to achieve its 2028 financial targets.

Geopolitical developments continue to present a complex and evolving risk landscape that may affect Deutsche Bank’s

operating environment, market performance, and the achievement of its 2028 financial targets.

In the Middle East, the U.S. led military intervention in Iran and retaliation by Iran against targets in the Middle East, may

lead to a protracted period of uncertainty in the region. A key risk is the potential for prolonged higher oil and gas prices

if supplies through the Strait of Hormuz are restricted for an extended period. Deutsche Bank has limited direct

exposures to the Middle East, however broader geopolitical destabilization could negatively impact the bank’s clients

and have an adverse effect on Deutsche Bank's financial results (including increases in allowance for credit losses) and

operations.

Recent events in Venezuela, resulting in the U.S. apprehension of President Nicolás Maduro, marks a significant

geopolitical escalation which could elevate regional uncertainty, sanctions, market volatility, and cross‑border political

risk. Additionally, emerging territorial claims, such as those by the U.S. administration regarding Greenland, have

introduced uncertainty into the transatlantic partnership, with potential implications for European security cooperation

frameworks. If there is further targeted action on other regions, there could be market-wide implications, including

sovereign stress and/or market dislocation. These risks could have a material adverse effect on Deutsche Bank's results

of operations.

Relations between U.S. and China remain a central risk factor for the bank. Notwithstanding recent bilateral agreements

between the U.S. and China aimed at reducing trade barriers and retaliatory measures, rising U.S. and China tensions,

ongoing cross-border investment restrictions and dispute over potential tariffs, sanctions, export controls, trade of rare

earth minerals and critical technologies, Hong Kong and human rights, raise the specter of further economic polarization

and the emergence of distinct U.S. and China-led trading blocs. The risk of retaliatory measures and broader

fragmentation of global trade may increase, with potential adverse impacts on the bank’s cross-border activities and

client base.

The European Union took action to protect domestic industries, proposing sharp cuts to steel import quotas and raising

out-of-quota tariffs to 50%. These measures heightened the risk of retaliatory trade actions and further exacerbated

global trade tensions, which could have an adverse impact on the bank's loan portfolio. Sanctions regimes became more

complex and far-reaching, with sanctions intensifying in the later part of 2025. For example, the EU adopted its 19th

sanctions package against Russia, introducing a phased ban on Russian liquid natural gas imports, tighter controls on

banks and crypto exchanges, and expanded secondary sanctions targeting third-country entities, which increases the

bank’s operational and compliance risk.

Russia’s war in Ukraine continued, with Russian attacks intensifying and Western support for Ukraine showing signs of

fatigue and fragmentation. Hopes for a ceasefire remained elusive, and the risk of prolonged instability undermined

global investor confidence and increased market volatility. In Russia, fast-tracked legislation enabled the sale of foreign

state-owned assets, raising concerns about potential expropriation of foreign companies and increasing the risk of

adverse regulatory or government actions, which could adversely affect Deutsche Bank’s operations in Russia and result

in financial losses.

Hybrid and cyber warfare and operational risks emerged as significant themes. Undersea cables became targets for

attack by state and non-state actors, threatening real-time services such as trading, payments, and service delivery. The

bank’s vendors faced potential connectivity issues during regional outages, raising reputational, regulatory, and financial

risks.

Overall, the geopolitical landscape in 2025 was characterized by persistent uncertainty, evolving risks, and the potential

for rapid escalation. The interplay of trade policy, sanctions, regional conflicts, and operational threats could create a

challenging environment for the bank's operations and available resources and potentially impact its business model.

Deutsche Bank expects this uncertainty to persist in 2026, which could negatively impact the bank’s results of operations

or ability to achieve its 2028 financial targets.

14

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risks Relating to Deutsche Bank’s Strategy and Business

If Deutsche Bank is unable to meet its 2028 financial targets or incurs future losses or low profitability, Deutsche Bank’s

financial condition, results of operations and share price may be materially and adversely affected, and the bank may be

unable to make contemplated distributions or share buybacks.

In November 2025, Deutsche Bank announced the next phase of its strategy, Scaling the Global Hausbank. The bank

announced its financial targets and objectives for the period until 2028 and management’s focus in the next phase on

accelerating value creation by scaling the Global Hausbank. While Deutsche Bank continuously plans and adapts to

changing situations, there is a risk that a significant deterioration in the global macroeconomic environment, an adverse

change in market confidence in the banking sector and/or client behavior, as well as higher competition, inflation or

unforeseen costs could result in the bank not achieving its financial targets and objectives by the end of 2028. In

addition, Deutsche Bank may incur unexpected losses including impairments and provisions, experience lower than

planned profitability or an erosion of the bank’s capital or liquidity base or broader financial condition, leading to a

material adverse effect on Deutsche Bank’s results of operations and share price. This also includes the risk that

Deutsche Bank will not be able to make desired cash distributions and share buybacks, which are subject to regulatory

approval, shareholder authorization and meeting German corporate law requirements. In these situations, the Group

would need to take actions to ensure it meets its minimum capital or liquidity objectives. These actions or measures may

result in adverse effects on Deutsche Bank’s business, results of operations, strategic plans or meeting its financial

targets and capital objectives.

Deutsche Bank has the objective to maintain a strong capital position with CET1 ratio operating range of 13.5-14.0%,

with no less than 200 basis points distance to the Maximum Distributable Amount (MDA) threshold. The Group’s capital

ratio development reflects among other things: the performance of the bank’s operating businesses; the delivery of

associated benefits from change initiatives including for example front-to-back optimization and AI adoption programs;

cost related to potential litigation and regulatory enforcement actions; growth in the balance sheet usage of business

divisions; changes in the bank’s tax and pensions accounts; impacts on other comprehensive income; and changes in

regulation and regulatory technical standards (including assumptions made in CRR 3 rules in relation to the output floor).

Deutsche Bank enters into contracts and letters of intent in the ordinary course of business. When these are preliminary

in nature or conditional, the bank is exposed to the risk that they do not result in execution of the final agreement or

consummation of the proposed arrangement, putting associated benefits with such agreements at risk.

The financial results of the bank could be adversely impacted if anticipated benefits from mergers and acquisitions, joint

ventures, strategic partnerships, planned cost savings and other investments do not materialize. Potential business

disposals could also result in additional costs to be incurred by the bank. At the same time, any integration process would

require significant time and resources, and the bank may not be able to manage the process successfully.

All of the above could have a material impact on the bank’s CET 1 ratio as well as its financial targets. It is therefore

possible that the bank could fail to meet certain capital objectives e.g., the CET 1 ratio within an operating range of

13.5% to 14.0% with 200 basis points distance to the MDA as a floor; and a 60% total payout ratio from 2026 and

distribution of excess capital when CET 1 ratio is sustainably above 14%.

In addition to other risks described in the Risk Factors, the following could adversely impact the bank’s strategic goals

and ability to achieve its financial targets and capital objectives for 2028:

–The base case scenario for Deutsche Bank’s financial and capital plan includes revenue growth estimates which are

dependent on a number of factors including: macroeconomic developments, market fee pools and market share of

the overall fee pool. If there is stagnation or downturn in any of these areas this could significantly impact the bank’s

ability to generate revenue growth. This base case scenario also includes assumptions regarding the bank’s ability to

manage costs in future periods

–In addition, the bank’s base case scenario is based on current market implied forward interest rate curves, inflation

levels and expected foreign exchange rates. If any of these develop or fluctuate differently than the bank's

expectations, this could have an adverse impact on Deutsche Bank’s revenues and costs

–Reputational risk or negative market perceptions of Deutsche Bank could impact client levels, deposits or asset

outflows

15

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Adverse market volatility, asset price deteriorations, and cautious investor sentiment may materially and adversely affect

Deutsche Bank’s revenues and operating profits, particularly in investment banking, brokerage and other commission and

fee-based businesses.

Deutsche Bank has significant exposure to the financial markets and is more at risk from adverse developments in the

financial markets than institutions predominantly engaged in traditional banking activities. Sustained market declines

have in the past caused and can in the future cause the bank’s revenues to decline, increase hedging costs and result in

material losses.

Specifically, revenues in the Investment Bank, in the form of origination and advisory fees, directly relate to the number,

size, and asset values of the underlying transactions in which the bank participates and are susceptible to adverse effects

from sustained market downturns or loss of market share. In addition, periods of market decline and uncertainty tend to

dampen client appetite for market and credit risk, a critical driver of transaction volumes and Investment Banking &

Capital Markets (IBCM) revenues, especially transactions with higher margins. In the past, decreased client appetite for

risk has led to lower levels of activity and lower levels of profitability in IBCM. If there is a reduction in market activity or

IBCM is unable to attain its expected market share, Deutsche Bank's revenues and profitability could be adversely

affected.

Market downturns have in the past and may in the future lead to declines in the volume of transactions that the bank

executes for its clients and could result in a decline in noninterest income. Because fees that the bank charges for

managing clients’ portfolios are in many cases based on the value or performance of those portfolios, a market downturn

that reduces the value of clients’ portfolios, or increases withdrawals, reduces the revenues received from Asset

Management and Private Bank businesses. Even in the absence of a market downturn, below market or negative

performance by Asset Management’s investment funds may result in increased withdrawals and reduced inflows, which

would impact Deutsche Bank’s revenues. While clients would be responsible for losses incurred in taking positions on

their accounts, the bank may be exposed to additional credit risk and need to cover the losses if the bank does not hold

adequate collateral or cannot realize the expected value of the collateral. Deutsche Bank’s businesses may also suffer if

clients lose money and lose confidence in Deutsche Bank’s products and services.

In addition, the revenues and profits Deutsche Bank earns from trading and investment positions and transactions in

connection with them can be directly and negatively impacted by market prices. When Deutsche Bank owns assets,

market price declines can expose the bank to losses. Many of the Investment Bank’s more sophisticated transactions are

influenced by price movements and differences among prices. If prices move in a way not anticipated, the bank may

experience losses. In addition, Deutsche Bank has committed capital and takes market risk to facilitate certain capital

markets transactions; doing so can result in losses as well as income volatility. Such losses may especially occur on assets

the bank holds which do not trade in very liquid markets. Assets that are not traded on stock exchanges or other public

trading markets, such as derivatives contracts between banks without publicly quoted prices, may have values that the

bank calculates using models. Monitoring the deterioration of prices of assets like these is difficult and could lead to

losses the bank does not anticipate. Deutsche Bank can also be adversely affected if general perceptions of risk cause

uncertain investors to remain on the sidelines of the market, curtailing clients’ activity and in turn reducing the levels of

activity in those businesses’ dependent on transaction flow.

Deutsche Bank’s liquidity, business activities and profitability may be adversely affected by an inability to access the

debt capital markets or to sell assets during periods of market-wide or firm-specific liquidity constraints.

Deutsche Bank has a continuous demand for liquidity to fund its business activities and the bank’s liquidity may be

impaired if the bank is unable to access secured and/or unsecured debt markets, access funds from subsidiaries, allocate

liquidity optimally across businesses, sell assets, or experiences unforeseen outflows of cash or deposits. These situations

may arise due to disruptions in the financial markets, including limited liquidity, defaults by counterparties, non-

performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions. Such adverse developments may include

the reluctance of counterparties or the market to finance Deutsche Bank’s operations due to perceptions about potential

outflows (including deposit outflows) resulting from litigation, regulatory or similar matters. These items may be actual or

perceived weaknesses in the bank’s businesses, business model or strategy, as well as in Deutsche Bank’s resilience to

counter negative economic and market conditions. If such situations occur, internal estimates of the bank’s available

liquidity over the duration of a stressed scenario could be negatively impacted.

In addition, these perceptions could affect Deutsche Bank in multiple ways like negative market perceptions which can

raise Deutsche Bank's cost of accessing capital markets and negatively affect the bank's funding curve and increase

funding spreads. Such situations may hinder the bank's ability to refinance assets, support business activities or maintain

capital levels. As a result, the bank may be forced to sell assets at unfavorable prices or reduce business activities,

including lending.

16

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Liquidity risk could also arise from lower value and marketability of Deutsche Bank’s High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA),

impacting the amount of proceeds available for covering cash outflows during a stress event. Additional haircuts may be

incurred on top of already impaired asset values. Moreover, securities might lose their eligibility as collateral necessary

for accessing central bank facilities, as well as their value in the repo/wholesale funding market.

Additional liquidity risks, due to negative developments in the wider financial sector, may also occur from withdrawal of

deposits not insured by deposit guarantee schemes or result in deposits moving into other investment products. In times

of economic uncertainty or market stress, digital banking allows depositors to swiftly move funds digitally to other

market participants, leading to a faster and larger scale of deposit outflows. This risk may be exacerbated by the rollout

of the European Instant Payments Regulation which could lead to accelerated outflows outside of normal business hours

in addition to increased needs for intraday liquidity. In addition, higher interest rates could foster price competition

among banks for retail deposits increasing Deutsche Bank’s funding costs, as well as putting further pressure on the

volume of Deutsche Bank’s retail deposits, which are one of the main funding sources for the bank.

Uncertain macroeconomic developments could negatively affect Deutsche Bank’s ability to transact foreign exchange

(FX) trades due to volatility in the FX markets or if counterparties are concerned about the bank’s ability to fulfil agreed

transaction terms and therefore seek to limit their exposure. In addition, if Central Bank emergency FX swap facilities

were removed, this may lead to the widening of spreads in the FX markets, increased foreign currency funding costs and

a reduction in USD liquidity in the market. Additionally, increased FX mismatches on the bank’s balance sheet may lead

to increased collateral outflows if the Euro (Deutsche Bank’s reporting currency) materially depreciates against other

major currencies and may lead to difficulties in supporting liquidity needs in different currencies.

As part of emerging risks, digital payments and blockchain are assessed as areas which could impact the depth and

volatility of market liquidity and funding and may temporarily impact cost of funding and thereby adversely affect

profitability.

Any future credit rating downgrade to below investment grade could adversely affect funding costs and the willingness

of counterparties to do business with Deutsche Bank and could impact aspects of the bank’s business model.

Rating agencies regularly review the bank’s credit ratings, and such reviews could be negatively affected by a number of

factors that can change over time, including the credit rating agency’s assessment of the financial condition of the bank

or if the bank’s actual results materially differ from its strategic targets.

A reduction in Deutsche Bank’s credit rating below investment grade could affect the bank’s access to money markets,

reduce its deposit base or trigger additional collateral or other requirements, which could adversely affect the cost of

funding and limit the range of counterparties willing to enter into transactions with the bank. This could in turn adversely

impact Deutsche Bank’s competitive position, financial results and threaten its prospects in the short to medium-term.

Deutsche Bank may have difficulties selling businesses or assets at favorable prices and may experience material losses

from the sale of such assets irrespective of market conditions.

Deutsche Bank may seek to sell or otherwise reduce its exposure to assets as part of its strategy or to meet or exceed

capital and leverage requirements, as well as to help the bank meet its return on tangible equity target. Where the bank

sells businesses, it may remain exposed to certain losses or risks under the terms of the relevant sale agreement and the

process of separating and selling such businesses may also give rise to operating risks or further losses. Unfavorable

business or market conditions may make it difficult for the bank to sell businesses or assets at favorable prices, or may

preclude a sale of a business or assets altogether.

17

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Deutsche Bank may have difficulty in identifying, integrating, and executing business combinations or other types of

investments which could impact the bank’s financial performance. In addition, if Deutsche Bank is unable to pursue

strategic transactions when needed, this could also materially harm the bank’s results of operations and share price.

Deutsche Bank considers business combinations and other types of investments from time to time. If investors viewed a

significant business combination to be too costly, dilutive to existing shareholders or unlikely to improve the bank's

competitive position, Deutsche Bank's share price could significantly decline. Also, the need to revalue certain classes of

assets at fair value in a business combination may make transactions infeasible or result in an impairment of any goodwill

created. In addition, business combination or other types of investments may not perform as well as expected or the

bank may fail to integrate the combined entity’s operations successfully. Failure to complete announced business

combinations or failure to achieve the expected benefits of any such combination or investment could materially and

adversely affect profitability. Unsuccessful acquisitions could also lead to departures of key employees or additional

costs if financial incentives to retain employees is required.

If Deutsche Bank avoids or is unable to enter into business combinations or if announced or expected transactions fail to

materialize, market participants may perceive the bank negatively. The bank may also be unable to expand its businesses,

especially into new business areas, as quickly or successfully as competitors if the bank does so through organic growth

alone. These perceptions and limitations could cost Deutsche Bank business and harm its reputation, which could have

material adverse effects on the bank's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Intense competition, in Deutsche Bank’s home market of Germany as well as in international markets, could materially or

adversely impact revenues and profitability.

Deutsche Bank operates in highly competitive markets in all business divisions. If the bank is unable to respond to the

competitive environment with attractive product and service offerings that are profitable, the bank may lose market

share or incur losses. In addition, downturns in the economies of these markets could add to the competitive pressure, for

example, through increased price pressure and lower business volumes. Also, Deutsche Bank’s competitiveness may be

impaired if it is not able to deploy capital and fund investments to grow revenues. The bank continuously monitors and

responds to competitive developments to protect its market position and realize growth opportunities. Competitors in

that context include large, international banks, smaller domestic banks, new international banks entering the German

market, as well as emerging and non-banking competitors (e.g., digital first or fintechs). If significant competitors were to

merge or be acquired, this could have an adverse impact on Deutsche Bank’s business model and opportunities to grow

non-organically in the future.

18

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risks Relating to Regulation and Supervision

Prudential reforms and heightened regulatory scrutiny affecting the financial sector continue to have a significant

impact on Deutsche Bank, which may adversely affect its business and, in cases of non-compliance, could lead to

regulatory sanctions against the bank, including prohibitions against the bank making dividend payments, share

repurchases or payments on its regulatory capital instruments, or increasing regulatory capital and liquidity

requirements.

Governments and regulatory authorities continue to work to enhance the resilience of the financial services industry

against future crises through changes to the regulatory framework, in particular through the final implementation of the

regulatory reform agenda outlined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the "Basel Committee") and, more

recently, the envisaged transition towards sustainable economies.

As a core element of the reform of the regulatory framework, the Basel Committee developed and continues to refine a

comprehensive set of rules regarding minimum capital adequacy and liquidity standards as well as other rules (Basel III)

which apply to Deutsche Bank (as described further in “Item 4: Regulation and Supervision” of this report under

Highlights). In July 2024, the EU prudential rules (Capital Requirements Regulation and Directive – CRR 3 and CRD 6)

took effect following their publication in the EU Official Journal in June 2024. The reform implements the Basel

Committee’s Final Basel III reforms. These reforms change how EU banks will calculate their risk weighted assets. The

majority of the reforms began to apply as of January 2025, with the exception of the rules on market risk (implementing

the fundamental review of the trading book – FRTB), which has been delayed by the European Commission, via a

Delegated Act, until January 2027. The output floor, which limits the internal-model RWA to ultimately 72.5% of the

standardized approach RWA, will apply fully in January 2030. Final Basel III will increase the bank’s RWA and associated

capital requirements. The Basel III reforms are also being implemented, with different timelines, in all major global

jurisdictions. At the start of 2024, the European Banking Authority (EBA) consulted on amendments to its regulatory

technical standard (RTS) on prudent valuation. This standard sets out the requirements that institutions operating in the

EU should apply to the valuation of their fair-valued assets and liabilities for prudential purposes. The EBA is working

through the comments received, and depending on their final view, this may lead to an increase in Deutsche Bank’s CET

1 requirements and adversely affect its CET 1 ratio. The EBA also published its final draft RTS on off-balance sheet items

in August 2025, establishing a criteria for assigning off-balance sheet items reflecting differing levels of conversion risk.

An earlier proposal during the consultation stage to cover the treatment of credit card chargeback risks in RTS has been

dropped.

The implementation of new regulatory requirements or the introduction of additional, individual or increased capital

requirements or similar discretionary decisions by banking supervisory authorities could have a negative effect on the

capital ratio as well as reduce business opportunities and require measures to reduce risk assets or increase regulatory

capital.

Furthermore, Deutsche Bank’s prudential regulators, including the European Central Bank (ECB) under the EU’s Single

Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), conduct stress tests and regular reviews of asset quality and risk management processes

in accordance with the supervisory review and evaluation process (SREP). Prudential regulators have discretion to impose

capital surcharges on financial institutions for risks which they deem to not be sufficiently covered by the general capital

rules (Pillar 1) or impose other measures, such as restrictions on or changes to the business. In this context, the ECB has

imposed, individual capital requirements on Deutsche Bank resulting from the SREP (referred to as “Pillar 2

requirements”) which it must meet with at least 75% of Tier 1 capital and at least 56.25% of CET 1 capital. Pillar 2

requirements must be fulfilled in addition to the statutory minimum capital and buffer requirements and any non-

compliance may have immediate legal consequences such as restrictions on dividend payments. In addition, regulatory

supervisors could amend interpretations on previously issued guidance and require financial institutions to apply the new

interpretations on a retrospective basis, which could negatively impact the bank.

Following the 2025 SREP, Deutsche Bank has been informed by the ECB of its decision regarding prudential capital

requirements to be maintained from January 1, 2026 onwards, that Deutsche Bank’s Pillar 2 requirement will be 2.85% of

RWA, of which at least 1.60% must be covered by CET 1 capital and 2.14% by Tier 1 capital. Further, the decision

includes conclusions the ECB draws from regulatory stress tests conducted by the EBA or the ECB, including the results

of the 2025 EBA stress test published on August 1, 2025, indicating that European banks remain resilient even under a

severe hypothetical downturn. Similarly, the 2026 SREP will take into account the outcome of the 2026 ECB thematic

geopolitical risk reverse stress test. The ECB evaluates each bank’s performance from a qualitative angle to inform the

decision on the level of Pillar 2 Requirement and a quantitative outcome which is one aspect when assessing the level of

Pillar 2 Guidance. The ECB has already used these powers in its SREP decisions in the past and it may continue to do so

to address findings from onsite inspections. In extreme cases, the ECB can even suspend certain activities or permission

to operate within their jurisdictions and impose monetary fines or capital surcharges for failures to comply with rules

applicable to the guidelines.

19

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in how to regulate banks, and this discretion and the powers available

to them have been steadily increasing over the years. Also, new regulation may be imposed on an ad-hoc basis by

governments and regulators in response to ongoing or future crises (such as global pandemics or climate change), which

may especially affect financial institutions such as Deutsche Bank that are deemed to be systemically important.

The ECB conducted its first-ever cyber resilience stress test in 2024 which, according to the ECB, revealed certain areas

where banks in the European Union needed to make improvements, including business continuity frameworks, incident

response planning, back-up security and management of third-party providers. Deficiencies in operational resilience

frameworks as regards IT security and cyber risks have thus become part of the ECB’s 2025-2027 supervisory priorities.

If Deutsche Bank fails to comply with regulatory requirements, in particular with statutory minimum capital requirements

or Pillar 2 requirements, or if there are shortcomings in Deutsche Bank’s governance and risk management processes,

competent regulators may prohibit the bank from making dividend payments to shareholders or distributions to holders

of other regulatory capital instruments or require the bank to take action which may impact its strategy, profitability,

capital and liquidity profile. This could occur, for example, if the bank fails to make sufficient profits due to declining

revenues, or as a result of substantial outflows due to litigation, regulatory and similar matters. Failure to comply with the

quantitative and qualitative regulatory requirements could result in other forms of regulatory enforcement action being

brought against Deutsche Bank, which may result in sanctions including fines. Such enforcement action could have a

material adverse effect on Deutsche Bank’s current and future business, financial condition and results of operations,

including Deutsche Bank’s ability to pay out dividends to shareholders or distributions on other regulatory capital

instruments.

Both the regulatory and legislative environment will continue to be dynamic and may impact Deutsche Bank’s revenue

and costs (e.g., the cost to ensure ongoing and future compliance). Additionally, the prospect of regulatory conditions

easing in certain non-European regions could present a competitive disadvantage to the bank.

Please refer to “Item 4: Regulation and Supervision” of this report for further details on current regulation and supervision

requirements applicable to Deutsche Bank.

Deutsche Bank is required to maintain capital and bail-inable debt (debt that can be bailed-in in resolution) and abide by

liquidity requirements. These requirements may significantly affect the bank’s business model, financial condition and

results of operations, as well as the competitive environment generally. Any perceptions in the market that the bank may

be unable to meet its capital or liquidity requirements with an adequate buffer, or that the bank should maintain capital

or liquidity in excess of these requirements, or any other failure to meet these requirements, could intensify the effect of

these factors on the business model and results of the bank.

As described above and as described further in “Item 4: Regulation and Supervision” of this report under “Capital

Adequacy Requirements” and “Liquidity Requirements”, Deutsche Bank is, among other things, subject to increased

capital and tightened liquidity requirements under applicable law, including additional capital buffer requirements. If

Deutsche Bank fails to meet regulatory capital or liquidity requirements, the bank may become subject to enforcement

actions. In addition, any requirement to maintain or increase liquidity could lead the bank to reduce activities that pursue

revenue and profit growth.

In addition to such regulatory capital and liquidity requirements, Deutsche Bank is also required to maintain a sufficient

amount of instruments which are eligible to absorb losses in resolution with the aim of ensuring that failing banks can be

resolved without recourse to taxpayers’ money. These rules are referred to as “TLAC” (Total Loss Absorbing Capacity) and

“MREL” (minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities) requirements, as more fully described in “Item 4:

Regulation and Supervision” of this report under “MREL Requirements”. The need to comply with these requirements

may affect Deutsche Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations and in particular may increase its

financing costs.

Deutsche Bank may not have or may not be able to issue sufficient capital or other loss-absorbing liabilities to meet

these or other regulatory requirements. This could occur due to regulatory changes and other factors, such as the bank’s

inability to issue new securities which are recognized as regulatory capital or loss-absorbing liabilities under the

applicable standards, due to an increase of risk-weighted assets based on more stringent rules for the measurement of

risks or as a result of a future decline in the value of the Euro as compared to other currencies.

20

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

If Deutsche Bank is unable to maintain sufficient capital to meet its aforementioned regulatory requirements, the bank

may become subject to enforcement actions and/or restrictions on the pay-out of dividends, share buybacks, payments

on other regulatory capital instruments, and discretionary compensation payments. In addition, any requirement to

increase risk-based capital ratios or the leverage ratio could lead the bank to adopt a strategy focusing on capital

preservation and creation over revenue generation and profit growth, including the reduction of higher margin risk-

weighted assets. If Deutsche Bank is unable to increase its capital ratios to the regulatory minimum in such a case by

raising new capital through the capital markets, through the reduction of risk-weighted assets or through other means,

the bank may be required to activate its Group recovery plan. If these actions or other private or supervisory actions do

not restore capital ratios to the required levels, and the bank is deemed to be failing or likely to fail, competent

authorities may apply resolution powers under the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM) and applicable rules and

regulations, which could lead to a significant dilution of shareholders’ or even the total loss of the bank’s shareholders’ or

creditors’ investment.

Deutsche Bank is required to meet capital requirements to comply with rules on liquidity and risk management

separately for its local operations in different jurisdictions, in particular in the United States.

Federal Reserve Board rules set forth how the U.S. operations of certain foreign banking organizations (FBOs), such as

Deutsche Bank, are required to be structured, as well as the enhanced prudential standards that apply to its U.S.

operations. Under these rules, Deutsche Bank designated two separately capitalized top-tier U.S. intermediate holding

companies: DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation (each, an "IHC") that hold substantially all of the FBO’s

ownership interests in its U.S. subsidiaries. For additional details on these requirements see Item 4: Regulation and

Supervision – Regulation and Supervision in the United States in this report. Each IHC is subject, on a consolidated basis,

to the risk-based and leverage capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital framework, capital planning and stress

testing requirements, U.S. liquidity buffer requirements and other enhanced prudential standards comparable to those

applicable to large U.S. banking organizations. The IHCs are also subject to supplementary leverage ratio requirements,

as well as requirements on the maintenance of TLAC and long-term debt. The IHCs and Deutsche Bank’s principal U.S.

bank subsidiary, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, are also subject to liquidity coverage ratio and net stable

funding ratio requirements.

Deutsche Bank AG is required under the Dodd-Frank Act to prepare and submit a resolution plan (the “U.S. Resolution

Plan”) to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "Agencies") on a timeline

prescribed by the Agencies, alternating between filing a full plan and a targeted plan. The U.S. Resolution Plan must

demonstrate that Deutsche Bank AG has the ability to execute a strategy for the orderly resolution of its designated U.S.

material entities and operations. Deutsche Bank’s U.S. Resolution Plan describes the single point of entry strategy for

Deutsche Bank’s U.S. material entities and operations and prescribes that DB USA Corporation would provide liquidity

and capital support to its U.S. material entity subsidiaries and ensure their partial sale or solvent wind-down outside of

applicable resolution proceedings.

Deutsche Bank submitted its most recent full U.S. Resolution Plan submission by the October 1, 2025 due date and its

next U.S. Resolution Plan is a targeted plan due by July 1, 2028. If the Agencies were to jointly deem Deutsche Bank’s

U.S. Resolution Plan not credible and Deutsche Bank failed to remediate any designated deficiencies in the required

timeframe, the Agencies could impose restrictions on Deutsche Bank's U.S. operations, including its U.S. IHCs or U.S.

regulated subsidiaries, or require the restructuring or reorganization of businesses, legal entities, operational systems

and/or intra-company transactions which could negatively impact the bank’s operations and/or strategy. Additionally,

the Agencies could also subject Deutsche Bank to more stringent capital, leverage or liquidity requirements, or require

Deutsche Bank to divest certain assets or operations.

The IHCs are each subject, on an annual basis, to the Federal Reserve Board’s supervisory stress testing and capital plan

requirements. The IHCs are also each subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review

("CCAR"), which is an annual supervisory exercise that assesses the capital positions and planning practices of large bank

holding companies and IHCs. The CCAR process combines the CCAR quantitative assessment and the buffer

requirements in the Federal Reserve Board’s capital rules to create an institution-specific stress capital buffer (SCB)

requirement, which is floored at 2.5%. The SCBs for DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation, based on the 2025

supervisory stress test results, are 11.5% and 5.3%, respectively. These SCBs became effective October 1, 2025 and will

remain in effect until 2027, when new requirements can be calculated based on models that take public feedback into

consideration. Increases in the SCB may require the bank to increase capital or restructure businesses in ways that may

negatively impact the bank’s operations and strategy.

21

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

U.S. rules and interpretations, including those described above, could cause the bank to reduce assets held in the United

States, or to inject capital and/or liquidity into or otherwise change the structure of the bank’s U.S. operations, and could

also restrict the ability of the U.S. subsidiaries to pay dividends or the amount of such dividends. To the extent that the

bank is required to reduce operations in the United States or deploy capital or liquidity in the United States that could be

deployed more profitably elsewhere, these requirements could have an adverse effect on the bank’s business, financial

condition and results of operations.

It is unclear whether the U.S. capital and other requirements described above, as well as similar developments in other

jurisdictions, could lead to a fragmentation of supervision of global banks that could adversely affect the bank’s reliance

on regulatory waivers allowing the bank to meet capital adequacy requirements, large exposure limits and certain

organizational requirements on a consolidated basis only rather than on both a consolidated and non-consolidated basis.

Should the bank no longer be entitled to rely on these waivers, the bank would have to adapt and take the steps

necessary in order to meet regulatory capital requirements and other requirements on a consolidated as well as a non-

consolidated basis, which could result also in significantly higher costs and potential adverse effects on the bank’s

profitability and dividend paying ability.

Deutsche Bank may make business decisions related to regulatory capital, liquidity ratios and funds available for

distributions on its shares or regulatory capital instruments that may not be aligned with the interests of the holders of

such instruments. In accordance with applicable law and the terms of the relevant instruments, Deutsche Bank could

decide to make lower or no payments on its shares or regulatory capital instruments.

Deutsche Bank’s regulatory capital and liquidity ratios are affected by a number of factors, including decisions the bank

makes relating to its business and operations as well as the management of its capital position, risk-weighted assets and

balance sheet. These decisions could be impacted by external factors, such as regulations regarding the risk weightings

of the bank’s assets, commercial and market risks or the costs of its legal or regulatory proceedings. While Deutsche Bank

takes into account a broad range of considerations in its decisions, including the interests of the bank as a regulated

institution and those of its shareholders and creditors (particularly in times of weak earnings and increasing capital

requirements), regulatory requirements to build capital and liquidity may impact the bank’s decisions. Accordingly, in

making decisions in respect of capital and liquidity management, the bank is not required to adhere to the interests of

the holders of instruments issued that qualify for inclusion in regulatory capital, such as Deutsche Bank’s shares or

Additional Tier 1 capital instruments. The bank may decide to refrain from taking certain actions, including increasing

capital at a time when it is feasible to do so, even if failure to take such actions would result in a non-payment or a write-

down or other recovery- or resolution-related measure in respect of any of Deutsche Bank’s regulatory capital

instruments. Deutsche Bank’s decisions could cause the holders of such regulatory capital instruments to lose all or part

of the value of these instruments and the holders will not have any claim against Deutsche Bank relating to such

decisions.

In addition, the annual profit and distributable reserves which form an important part of the funds available to pay

dividends on shares and make payments on other regulatory capital instruments, as determined for each instrument

based on its terms or operation of law, are calculated on an unconsolidated basis generally in accordance with German

accounting rules set forth in the Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch). Any adverse change in Deutsche Bank’s

financial position or profitability, or Deutsche Bank AG’s distributable reserves, each as calculated on an unconsolidated

basis, may have a material adverse effect on the bank’s ability to make dividend or other payments on these instruments.

In addition, profit or distributable reserves may be impacted in the future by litigation settlements in excess of existing

provisions and impairments that reduce the carrying value of subsidiaries on Deutsche Bank AG’s unconsolidated

balance sheet as a part of its annual review. Future impairments or other events that reduce profit or distributable

reserves on an unconsolidated basis could result in the bank making partial or no payments in the future.

Also, German law places limits on the extent to which annual profits and otherwise-distributable reserves, as calculated

on an unconsolidated basis, may be distributed to shareholders or the holders of other regulatory capital instruments,

such as Additional Tier 1 capital instruments. Subject to applicable law, Deutsche Bank has the broad discretion under

the applicable accounting principles to influence amounts relevant for calculating funds available for distribution. Such

decisions may impact the ability to make dividend or other payments under the terms of the bank’s regulatory capital

instruments.

22

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

If resolvability or resolution measures were imposed on Deutsche Bank in accordance with European and German

legislation, Deutsche Bank’s business operations could be significantly affected. Any such measures could lead to losses

for shareholders and creditors of the bank.

Germany participates in the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), which centralizes at a European level the key

competences and resources for managing the failure of any bank in member states of the European Union participating

in the banking union. The SRM Regulation and the German Recovery and Resolution Act (Sanierungs- und

Abwicklungsgesetz), which implemented the EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive in Germany, require the

preparation of recovery and resolution plans for banks and grant broad powers to public authorities to intervene in a

bank which is failing or likely to fail. Resolution measures that could be imposed upon a bank in resolution may include

the transfer of shares, assets or liabilities of the bank to another legal entity, the reduction, including to zero, of the

nominal value of shares, the dilution of shareholders or the cancellation of shares outright, or the amendment,

modification or variation of the terms of the bank’s outstanding debt instruments, for example by way of a deferral of

payments or a reduction of the applicable interest rate. Furthermore, certain eligible unsecured liabilities, in particular

certain senior “non-preferred” debt instruments specified by the German Banking Act, may be written down, including to

zero, or converted into equity (commonly referred to as “bail-in”) if the bank becomes subject to resolution.

Resolution laws are also intended to eliminate, or reduce, the need for public support of troubled banks. Therefore,

financial public support for such banks, if any, would be used only as a last resort after having assessed and exploited, to

the maximum extent practicable, the resolution powers, including a bail-in. The taking of measures by the competent

authority to remove impediments to resolvability could materially affect the bank’s business operations. Resolution

actions could furthermore lead to a significant dilution of shareholders or even the total loss of shareholders’ or creditors’

investment.

Other regulatory reforms that have been adopted or proposed – for example, extensive new regulations governing

derivatives activities, compensation, bank levies, deposit protection and data protection – may materially increase

Deutsche Bank’s operating costs and negatively impact its business model.

Beyond capital requirements and the other requirements discussed above, Deutsche Bank is affected, or expects to be

affected, by various additional regulatory reforms, including, among other things, regulations governing its derivatives

activities, compensation, bank levies, deposit protection and data protection.

Deutsche Bank is subject to restrictions on compensation including caps on bonuses that may be awarded to “material

risk takers” and other employees as defined therein and in the German Banking Act and other applicable rules and

regulations such as the Remuneration Regulation for Institutions (Institutsvergütungsverordnung). Such restrictions on

compensation, whether by law or pursuant to any guidelines issued by the EBA, could put the bank at a disadvantage to

its competitors in attracting and retaining talented employees, especially compared to those outside the European Union

that are not subject to these caps and other constraints.

Bank levies are provided for in the EU member states participating in the SRM, including, among others, Germany. Since

the target level of the Single Resolution Fund (SRF) of 1% of insured deposits of all banks in member states participating

in the SRM was reached at the end of 2023, no ex-ante contributions to the SRF were required in 2025. Similarly, the

bank does not anticipate making contributions to the SRF in 2026. This assumption is subject to considerable

uncertainty, however, and the bank will closely monitor developments that may impact its financial obligations to the

SRF. In addition, Deutsche Bank may be required to pay bank levies in countries not participating in the SRM, such as the

United Kingdom.

23

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Furthermore, Deutsche Bank must make contributions to the German Statutory Deposit Guarantee and Investor

Compensation Schemes under the recast European Union Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive (“DGS Directive”) and

the European Union Directive on Investor Compensation Schemes. The German Statutory Deposit Protection Scheme

requires German banks to maintain a prefunding level of 0.8% of the covered deposits. This level has been reached by

July 2024, however, further levies may be imposed subsequent to a compensation event for the purpose of replenishing

the Deposit Guarantee Scheme’s resources. Deutsche Bank also participates in the German voluntary deposit protection

scheme operated by the Deposit Protection Fund (Einlagensicherungsfonds) for private banks in Germany, which is

funded through contributions by its members. While the total impact of future levies cannot currently be quantified,

there could also be certain market conditions or events that give rise to higher-than-expected contributions required by

members, which could have a material adverse effect on the bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations

in future periods. Failure of banks, resolution measures and a decline of the value of the assets held by the SRM or by the

relevant Deposit Guarantee Scheme can cause an increase of contributions in order to replenish the shortfall.

Deutsche Bank is subject to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which has increased its regulatory

obligations in connection with the processing of personal data, including requiring compliance with the GDPR’s data

protection principles, the increased number of data subject rights and strict data breach notification requirements. The

GDPR grants broad enforcement powers to supervisory authorities, including the potential to levy significant fines for

non-compliance, and provides for a private right of action for individuals who are affected by a violation of the GDPR.

Compliance with the GDPR requires investment in appropriate technical and organizational measures and the bank may

be required to devote significant resources to data protection on an ongoing basis. In the event that the bank is found to

have not met the standards required by the GDPR, the bank may incur damage to its reputation and the imposition by

data protection supervisory authorities of significant fines or restrictions on its ability to process personal data, and the

bank may be required to defend claims for compensation brought by affected individuals, all of which could have a

material adverse effect on the bank.

More generally, there continues to be scrutiny from both EU and non-EU authorities over financial services firms’

compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing rules, which has led to a number of

regulatory proceedings, criminal prosecutions and other enforcement action, including the imposition of significant fines,

against firms in various jurisdictions.

24

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risks Relating to the Bank’s Internal Control Environment

A robust and effective internal control environment and adequate infrastructure (comprising people, policies and

procedures, controls, testing, IT systems and data) are necessary to ensure the bank conducts its business and performs

its processes in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and associated supervisory expectations. While Deutsche

Bank seeks to enhance the effectiveness of its internal control environment to align with updated regulatory

requirements and to close gaps identified by the bank and/or by regulators and monitors, if progress is slower than

anticipated or the bank fails to deliver durable improvements, Deutsche Bank’s reputation, regulatory position and

financial results could be adversely affected.

Deutsche Bank’s businesses require effective controls to process and monitor a wide range of complex, high-volume

transactions across diverse markets, and the effectiveness of the controls is dependent on the strength of the bank's

policies, control testing protocols, IT systems and employee capabilities. If these systems do not identify, monitor,

aggregate, measure, mitigate and report all risks critical for comprehensive risk management and regulatory reporting,

Deutsche Bank's results of operations and regulatory position could be negatively impacted.

Although improvements have been made, certain elements of the bank's control environment and supporting

infrastructure remain below target state, with legacy technology, data fragmentation and manual processes persisting in

some areas. These conditions can impede the timeliness and quality of internal and regulatory reporting and hinder

consistent risk aggregation across businesses and legal entities. The bank is executing multi-year initiatives to simplify

architecture, strengthen data governance and automate controls, but structural complexity, dependency on end-user

tools and uneven system integration continue to pose operational risks. Materialization of these risks could result in

disruptions to core processes, delay in implementation of strategic change programs, and reduced operational resilience

to challenges in the external operating environment, resulting in a negative impact on Deutsche Bank from a client,

regulatory, and reputational risk perspective.

Retaining specialist expertise across control disciplines, including information technology and security, financial crime

and data governance, remains challenging, and increased reliance on third-party and cloud service providers introduces

additional oversight and resilience considerations. Any inability to retain key personnel or effectively manage third-party

risks may impair the bank's ability to maintain sound controls or close regulatory findings.

Deutsche Bank's principal regulators, including BaFin, ECB, UK Prudential Regulation Authority and Federal Reserve

Board, along with Deutsche Bank's Management Board and Group Audit function, continue to review internal controls

and infrastructure closely. These assessments have identified enhancements needed in areas such as financial crime,

information security, IT resiliency, transaction processing, data management and credit processes. While remediation is

underway, the breadth of these programs and their interdependencies mean execution risk remains elevated until

improvements are completed, validated and operate effectively over time.

To address these risks, the bank is investing in technology modernization and resiliency, including cloud adoption,

advanced analytics to enhance risk and control testing, however it cannot be assured that these measures will be

successfully integrated or successfully remediate risks. While these capabilities may support improved oversight, they

introduce new risks such as data quality, AI governance and cyber resilience that require strong controls and assurance.

25

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

The bank’s AML and KYC processes and controls aimed at preventing misuse of the bank's products and services to

commit financial crime have been and continue to be the subject of regulatory reviews, investigations, and enforcement

actions in several jurisdictions. If Deutsche Bank is unable to significantly improve its infrastructure and control

environment by the set deadlines, the bank’s results of operations, financial condition and reputation could be materially

and adversely affected.

In September 2018, BaFin ordered Deutsche Bank to implement internal safeguards and comply with general due

diligence obligations to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing. In February 2019, BaFin extended the order

with regards to the review of its group-wide risk management processes in correspondent banking and adjust them as

necessary. In April 2021, BaFin further expanded its order, requiring additional internal safeguards and sustainable

compliance with due diligence obligations, including those for correspondent relationships. The April 2021 order was

subsequently extended to include enhancements to the bank’s transaction monitoring systems. In 2023, BaFin issued an

additional order instructing Deutsche Bank to implement specific improvements to data processing systems for

transaction monitoring and warned of potential financial penalties in case of non-fulfillment. To monitor the

implementation of the ordered measures, BaFin appointed a Special Representative in 2018, whose mandate was

prolonged following each order extension to ensure continued monitoring and progress assessment. This mandate

concluded on October 30, 2024. The bank continues to fully cooperate with BaFin and remains committed to allocating

the necessary resources to implement the remaining measures within the deadlines.

In July 2023, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, DB USA Corporation, Deutsche Bank Trust Company

Americas and DWS USA Corporation entered into a consent order and written agreement with the Federal Reserve Board

concerning adherence to prior orders and settlements related to sanctions and embargoes and AML compliance, and

remedial agreements and obligations related to risk management issues. The 2023 consent order alleges insufficient and

delayed implementation of the post-settlement sanctions and embargoes and AML control enhancement undertakings

required by prior consent orders the bank entered into with the Federal Reserve Board in 2015 and 2017. The 2023

consent order further provides that the material failure to remediate the unsafe and unsound practices or violations

described therein may require additional and escalated formal actions by the Federal Reserve Board against Deutsche

Bank, including additional penalties or additional affirmative corrective actions. In the event the bank is unable to timely

complete the sanctions and embargoes and AML control enhancement undertakings required by the Federal Reserve

Board, the damages could be substantial and the impact on the bank’s results of operations, financial condition and

reputation could be material.

If Deutsche Bank is unable to improve its infrastructure and control environment to the satisfaction of the Federal

Reserve Board, the bank’s results of operations, financial condition and reputation could be materially and adversely

affected. Regulators can impose fines or require the bank to reduce its exposure to or terminate certain kinds of products

or businesses or relationships with counterparties or regions. The bank may also face additional legal proceedings,

investigations or regulatory actions in the future, including in other jurisdictions, with material impact on the bank´s

business and profitability. These could, depending on the extent of any resulting requirements, significantly challenge

the bank’s reputation and its ability to operate profitably under its current business model.

26

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risks Relating to Technology, Data and Innovation

The speed of innovation and new market entrants may increase competition, disrupt Deutsche Bank's businesses and

increase investment costs.

Digitalization and the speed of innovation in areas such as AI may offer market entry opportunities for new competitors

such as cross-industry entrants, global tech companies and financial technology companies. In addition, banking

competitors may develop their business models to enter the bank’s core markets with largely digital offerings. Therefore,

Deutsche Bank expects its businesses to have an increased need for investments in digital products, AI and process

resources. If the above investments are not made, or if Deutsche Bank is not otherwise able to compete with these new

entrants, there is a risk Deutsche Bank could lose market share, which could have a material adverse effect on its

financial results.

Through the bank's strategic partnership with Google Cloud, Deutsche Bank is migrating parts of its application

landscape to the public cloud with the goal of improving IT flexibility and resilience. The adoption of public cloud

services remains an area of significant regulatory interest, and the bank must ensure and adopt applicable standards of

data privacy and security to protect client and bank information. Failure to do so can compromise client trust, lead to

financial losses and result in regulatory penalties, litigation and compensation obligations.

AI has the potential to be a transformative technology for the bank, while at the same time posing new challenges such

as hallucination or bias and thereby requiring validation of accuracy and explainability, as well as data privacy and

sovereignty. The emergence of agentic AI solutions has the potential to enable autonomous decision making within

processes, increasing the probability of undetected mistakes. Deutsche Bank has has incorporated AI risk into its control

framework, but as these technologies evolve additional risks to the bank may arise. For example, autonomous AI agents

could distort or override defined objectives and optimize in ways that undermine regulatory, ethical, or operational

safeguards, such as prioritizing speed or performance metrics over compliance obligations, fairness standards, or critical

quality controls. If Deutsche Bank does not address these emerging risks, it may face compliance issues, operational

inefficiencies and potential losses, along with reputational risks that could weaken the market’s confidence in Deutsche

Bank’s ability to apply responsible use of AI.

Deutsche Bank actively tracks threats which have the potential to exploit security vulnerabilities, including activities by

nation-state actors and evolving risks, such as those introduced by technological advancements in artificial intelligence

and quantum computing. The bank also continues to closely observe common attack scenarios, including ransomware

and denial of service. Although Deutsche Bank maintains insurance for such cyber events, there can be no assurance that

such coverage will be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities arising from a cyber event.

Data management risk can arise if there are weaknesses in processes for how data is collected, stored, processed,

governed and used. This can negatively impact financial, reputational, or regulatory outcomes for the bank or its

stakeholders. The bank’s ability to make informed decisions, personalize services, drive innovation and deploy AI at scale

depends on having trusted, accessible, and well-governed data across the organization. Deutsche Bank has established

an organization-wide data management function and is now focused on implementing a robust data management

framework. However, residual data management risks include potential gaps in data quality, system integration, and

regulatory non-compliance that may persist during or after the transition.

Deutsche Bank operates in a highly regulated environment that is continuously evolving, requiring our technology

landscape to adapt and remain aligned with these regulatory changes. Recent changes in the regulations such as the

Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) may require additional efforts and reprioritization of certain tasks. Failure in

doing so creates the risk of non-compliance with new regulations, which could lead to fines, litigation and other

enforcement actions, as well as reputational damage.

Major technology transformations in the bank’s business and infrastructure areas are executed via dedicated initiatives.

However, there are risks in executing these programs, such as, talent and financial constraints, dependencies on other

programs and key deliverables, extended implementation timelines or adverse change related impacts activity on the

control environment and functionality issues within upgraded applications or their underlying technologies. Failure to

adequately and timely implement such major technology transformations could have a material adverse effect on

Deutsche Bank’s business and results of operations.

27

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Risks Relating to Litigation, Regulatory Enforcement Matters, Investigations and Tax Examinations

Deutsche Bank operates in a highly regulated and litigious environment, potentially exposing the bank to liability and

other costs, the amounts of which may be substantial and difficult to estimate, as well as to legal and regulatory

sanctions and reputational harm.

The financial services industry is among the most highly regulated industries. The bank’s operations throughout the

world are regulated and supervised by the central banks and regulatory authorities in the jurisdictions in which Deutsche

Bank operates. In recent years, regulation and supervision in a number of areas has increased, and regulators, law

enforcement authorities, governmental bodies and others have sought to subject financial services providers to

increasing oversight and scrutiny, which in turn has led to additional regulatory investigations or enforcement actions

which are often followed by civil litigation. There has been a steep escalation in the severity of the terms which

regulatory and law enforcement authorities have required to settle legal and regulatory proceedings against financial

institutions, with settlements in recent years including unprecedented monetary penalties as well as criminal sanctions.

As a result, Deutsche Bank may continue to be subject to increasing levels of liability and regulatory sanctions and may

be required to make greater expenditures and devote additional resources to addressing these liabilities and sanctions.

Regulatory sanctions may include status changes to local licenses or orders to discontinue certain business practices.

The bank and its subsidiaries are involved in various litigation proceedings, including civil class action lawsuits, arbitration

proceedings and other disputes with third parties, as well as regulatory proceedings and investigations by both civil and

criminal authorities in jurisdictions around the world. While Deutsche Bank has made progress in resolving litigation and

regulatory enforcement matters, remaining unresolved or new litigation, enforcement or similar matters pending against

the bank could result in significant costs against Deutsche Bank in the near to medium term and could adversely affect

its business, financial condition and results of operations, if these matters develop in an adverse manner. Litigation and

regulatory matters are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with

assurance. The bank may settle litigation or regulatory proceedings prior to a final judgment or determination of liability.

Deutsche Bank may do so for a number of reasons, including to avoid the cost, management efforts or negative business,

regulatory or reputational consequences of continuing to contest liability, even when the bank believes it has valid

defenses to liability. Deutsche Bank may also do so when the potential consequences of failing to prevail would be

disproportionate to the costs of settlement. Furthermore, it may, for similar reasons, reimburse counterparties for their

losses even in situations where the bank does not believe it is compelled to do so. The financial impact of legal risks

might be considerable but may be difficult or impossible to estimate and to quantify, so that amounts eventually paid

may exceed the amount of provisions made or contingent liabilities assessed for such risks.

Guilty pleas by or convictions of the bank or its affiliates in criminal proceedings, or regulatory or enforcement orders,

settlements or agreements to which the bank or its affiliates become subject, may have consequences that have adverse

effects on certain of its businesses. Moreover, if these matters are resolved on terms that are more adverse to the bank

than expected, in terms of the costs or necessary changes to the bank’s businesses, or if related negative perceptions

concerning its business and prospects and related business impacts increase, Deutsche Bank may not be able to achieve

its strategic objectives or may be required to change them.

Actions currently pending against Deutsche Bank or its current or former employees may not only result in judgments,

settlements, fines or penalties, but may also cause substantial reputational harm to the bank. The risk of damage to the

bank’s reputation arising from such proceedings is also difficult or impossible to quantify.

Regulators have increasingly sought admissions of wrongdoing in connection with settlement of matters brought by

them. This could lead to increased exposure in subsequent civil litigation or in consequences under so-called "bad actor"

laws, in which persons or entities determined to have committed offenses under some laws can be subject to limitations

on business activities under other laws, as well as adverse reputational consequences. In addition, the U.S. Department of

Justice (DOJ) conditions the granting of cooperation credit in civil and criminal investigations of corporate wrongdoing

on the company involved having provided to investigators all relevant facts relating to the individuals responsible for the

alleged misconduct. This policy may result in increased fines and penalties if the DOJ determines that the bank has not

provided sufficient information about applicable individuals in connection with an investigation. Other governmental

authorities could adopt similar policies.

28

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

In addition, the financial impact of legal risks arising out of matters similar to some of those the bank faces have been

very large for a number of participants in the financial services industry, with fines and settlement payments greatly

exceeding what market participants may have expected and, as noted above, escalating steeply in recent years to

unprecedented levels. The experience of others, including settlement terms, in similar cases is among the factors the

bank takes into consideration in determining the level of provisions the bank maintains in respect of these legal risks.

Developments in cases involving other financial institutions in recent years have led to greater uncertainty as to the

predictability of outcomes and could lead Deutsche Bank to add provisions. Moreover, if these matters are resolved on

terms that are more adverse to the bank than expected, in terms of the costs or necessary changes to the bank’s

businesses, or if related negative perceptions concerning its business and prospects and related business impacts

increase, Deutsche Bank may not be able to achieve its strategic objectives or may be required to change them. In

addition, the costs of the bank’s investigations and defenses relating to these matters are themselves substantial. Further

uncertainty may arise as a result of a lack of coordination among regulators from different jurisdictions or among

regulators with varying competencies in a single jurisdiction, which may make it difficult for the bank to reach concurrent

settlements with each regulator. Should Deutsche Bank be subject to financial impacts arising out of litigation and

regulatory matters to which the bank is subject in excess of those it has calculated in accordance with its expectations

and the relevant accounting rules, provisions in respect of such risks may prove to be materially insufficient to cover

these impacts. This could have a material adverse effect on the bank’s results of operations, financial condition or

reputation as well as on the bank’s ability to maintain capital, leverage and liquidity ratios at levels expected by market

participants and regulators. In such an event, the bank could find it necessary to reduce its risk-weighted assets

(including on terms disadvantageous to the bank) or substantially cut costs to improve these ratios, in an amount

corresponding to the adverse effects of the provisioning shortfall.

Deutsche Bank is currently involved in civil proceedings in connection with its voluntary takeover offer for the acquisition

of all shares of Postbank. The extent of the bank’s financial exposure to this matter, including any exposure in excess of

the provision the bank has taken, could be material, and the bank’s reputation may be harmed.

In 2010, Deutsche Bank announced the decision to make a voluntary takeover offer for the acquisition of all shares in

Deutsche Postbank AG ("Postbank"). Deutsche Bank offered Postbank shareholders a consideration of € 25 for each

Postbank share. This offer was accepted for a total of approximately 48.2 million Postbank shares.

A significant number of former shareholders of Postbank who had accepted the takeover offer brought claims against

Deutsche Bank alleging that Deutsche Bank had been obliged to make a mandatory takeover offer at the latest, in 2009.

The plaintiffs allege that the consideration offered for the shares in Postbank needed to be raised to € 57.25 or even €

64.25 per share. As of December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank has reached settlements with 90% of the plaintiffs’ claims by

value in the litigation (calculated based on the asserted shareholdings) and retains a provision for the residual plaintiff

claims of € 112 million (including interest). For additional details see Note 27 – “Provisions” in the consolidated financial

statements.

The legal question of whether Deutsche Bank had been obliged to make a mandatory takeover offer for all Postbank

shares prior to its 2010 voluntary takeover may impact two pending appraisal proceedings (Spruchverfahren). These

proceedings were initiated by former Postbank shareholders with the aim to increase the cash compensation of € 35.05

paid in connection with the squeeze-out of Postbank shareholders in 2015 and the cash compensation of € 25.18 offered

and annual compensation of € 1.66 paid in connection with the execution of a domination and profit and loss transfer

agreement (Beherrschungs- und Gewinnabführungsvertrag) between DB Finanz-Holding AG (now DB Beteiligungs-

Holding GmbH) and Postbank in 2012. The compensation of € 25.18 in connection with the domination and profit and

loss transfer agreement was accepted for approximately 0.5 million Postbank shares. The compensation of € 35.05 paid

in connection with the squeeze-out in 2015 was relevant for approximately 7 million Postbank shares.

The applicants in the appraisal proceedings claim that a potential obligation of Deutsche Bank to make a mandatory

takeover offer for Postbank at an offer price of € 57.25 should be decisive when determining the adequate cash

compensation in the appraisal proceedings. The Regional Court Cologne had originally followed this legal view of the

applicants in two resolutions. In a decision dated June 2019, the Regional Court Cologne expressly rejected this legal

view in the appraisal proceedings in connection with the execution of a domination and profit and loss transfer

agreement and concluded that whether Deutsche Bank was obliged to make a mandatory offer for all Postbank shares

prior to its voluntary takeover offer in 2010 shall not be relevant for determining the appropriate cash compensation.

Deutsche Bank expect the Regional Court Cologne will take the same legal position in the appraisal proceedings in

connection with the squeeze-out.

29

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

In October 2020, the Regional Court Cologne handed down a decision in the appraisal proceeding concerning the

domination and profit and loss transfer agreement according to which the annual compensation pursuant to Sec. 304

German Stock Corporation Act shall be increased by € 0.12 to € 1.78 per Postbank share and the compensation pursuant

to Sec. 305 of the German Stock Corporation Act shall be increased from € 25.18 to € 29.74 per Postbank share. The

increase of the settlement amount is of relevance for approximately 0.5 million former Postbank shares whereas the

increase of the annual compensation is of relevance for approximately 7 million former Postbank shares. Deutsche Bank

as well as the applicants have lodged an appeal against this decision which remains outstanding. On December 12, 2025,

the Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf (HRC) issued an indicative order (“Hinweisbeschluss”) in the appraisal proceedings

regarding the domination and profit and loss transfer agreement concluded in 2012. The HRC rejected the argument of

the applicants that the initially paid compensation of € 25.18 per share should be increased to the allegedly appropriate

offer price under the 2010 takeover offer (of at least € 57.25 per share).

Additionally, the HRC requested a further expert report on specific valuation aspects and made a settlement proposal

which is lower than the compensation fixed by the Regional Court Cologne ruling (proposed compensation of € 28.00

instead of € 29.74 per share ruled by the Regional Court Cologne). In January 2026, the bank stated its consent to the

settlement proposal of the HRC, however, not all applicants consented, as required to reach a settlement ending the

appraisal proceeding. Therefore, the HRC appointed a new independent expert on February 4, 2026. The expert has been

asked to provide a supplementary opinion on the remaining valuation aspects identified by the HRC. The HRC further

instructed the expert to prepare a revised calculation of the appropriate annual compensation on the basis of the

supplementary valuation opinion.

The extent of Deutsche Bank’s financial exposure to these matters, including beyond provisions the bank has taken,

could be material and the bank’s reputation may be harmed.

Deutsche Bank is currently the subject of industry-wide inquiries and investigations by regulatory and law enforcement

authorities relating to transactions of clients in German shares around the dividend record dates for the purpose of

obtaining German tax credits or refunds in relation to withholding tax levied on dividend payments (so-called cum-ex

transactions). In addition, the bank is exposed to potential tax liabilities and to the assertion of potential civil law claims

by third parties, e.g., former counterparties, custodian banks, investors and other market participants, including as a

consequence of criminal judgements in criminal proceedings in which the bank is not directly involved. The eventual

outcome of these matters is unpredictable and may materially and adversely affect Deutsche Bank’s results of

operations, financial condition and reputation.

Deutsche Bank Group is subject to ongoing criminal investigations by the Public Prosecutor in Cologne

(Staatsanwaltschaft Köln, “CPP”) and civil law claims in relation to cum-ex. In addition, current and former Deutsche Bank

employees and seven former Management Board members are under criminal investigation by the CPP, as are unnamed

personnel of former Deutsche Postbank AG. Ongoing media attention surrounding the cum-ex topic as well as any future

criminal judgement that is unfavorable to the bank or its former employees and Management Board members could

create reputational risks. The imposition of fines and the disgorgement of profits or criminal confiscations could have a

material adverse effect on the bank’s financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

The bank is further exposed to the assertion of potential tax and civil law recourse and compensation claims by German

tax authorities and third parties.

The risks arising from the cum-ex topic are difficult to quantify and the likelihood of these risks materializing is hard to

predict. In the event that Deutsche Bank is eventually liable under the civil law claims already asserted or under claims

that will potentially be asserted by third parties in the future, this may materially and adversely affect the bank’s financial

condition or results of operations. For additional details on the specific cases, see Note 27 – “Provisions” in the

consolidated financial statements.

30

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Deutsche Bank is involved in proceedings with regulatory and law enforcement authorities concerning its anti-financial

crime controls, including in the United States and Germany. In the event that violations of law or regulation are found to

have occurred, legal and regulatory sanctions in respect thereof may materially and adversely affect the bank’s results of

operations, financial condition and reputation.

Deutsche Bank is involved in proceedings with regulatory and law enforcement authorities concerning its anti-financial

crime controls over the past several years, both generally and in connection with specific clients, counterparties or

incidents, including in the United States and Germany. Among the areas within the scope of these inquiries are client

onboarding and KYC processes, transaction monitoring systems and procedures, processes concerning the decision to

file or not to file a suspicious activity report, escalation procedures, and other related processes and procedures. In the

event that violations of law or regulation are found to have occurred, legal and regulatory sanctions in respect thereof

may materially and adversely affect the bank’s results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

The Frankfurt prosecutor is currently conducting investigations in the context of anti-financial-crime control related

allegations, particularly regarding late filing of suspicious activity reports. Deutsche Bank’s offices were searched by the

Frankfurt prosecutor in connection with these investigations.

Deutsche Bank is under continuous examination by tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax laws are

increasingly complex and are evolving. The cost to the bank arising from the resolution of routine tax examinations, tax

litigation and other forms of tax proceedings or tax disputes may increase and may adversely affect the bank’s business,

financial condition and results of operation.

Deutsche Bank is under continuous examination by tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax laws are

becoming increasingly more complex. In the current political and regulatory environment, tax administrations' and

courts' interpretation of tax laws and regulations and their application are evolving, and scrutiny by tax authorities has

intensified. Wide ranging and continuous changes in the principles of international taxation emanating from the OECD's

Base Erosion and Profit Shifting agenda are generating significant uncertainties for the bank and its subsidiaries and may

result in an increase in instances of tax disputes or instances of double taxation, as member states may take different

approaches in transposing these requirements into national law or may choose to implement unilateral measures. This

includes, for example, the OECD global minimum taxation rules which have been in effect since tax year 2024. Tax

administrations, including Germany, have also been focusing on the eligibility of taxpayers for reduced withholding taxes

on dividends in connection with certain cross-border lending or derivative transactions. Some uncertainties also remain

in the application of the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax provisions introduced by the U.S. tax reform in 2017, the corporate

alternative minimum tax enacted by the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and the provisions of the U.S. One Big

Beautiful Bill Act of 2025. These developments have led to an increase in the number of tax periods that remain open

and therefore subject to potential adjustment. As a result, the cost to the bank arising from the resolution of routine tax

examinations, tax litigation and other forms of tax proceedings or tax disputes, as well as from rapidly changing and

increasingly more complex and uncertain tax laws and principles, may increase and may adversely affect the bank’s

business, financial condition and results of operation.

Deutsche Bank’s subsidiary, Deutsche Bank Polska S.A., is subject to numerous demands for reimbursement in respect of

mortgage loans agreements in foreign currency, based on allegations that they are unfair and invalid.

Starting in 2016, certain clients of Deutsche Bank Polska S.A. have reached out to Deutsche Bank Polska S.A. alleging

that their mortgage loan agreements in foreign currency include unfair clauses and are invalid. These clients have

demanded reimbursement of the alleged overpayments under such agreements totaling over € 1.1 billion with over

8,791 civil claims having been commenced in Polish courts as of December 31, 2025. These cases are an industry wide

issue in Poland and other banks are facing similar claims. The bank’s total portfolio provision for this matter, which

includes both Swiss Franc and EUR mortgage cases, is € 736 million as of December 31, 2025. The outcome of this

matter is uncertain and future changes to assumptions included in the model or resolutions of claims could result in a

significant increase in the provision beyond the amount established, which could materially and adversely affect the

bank's results of operations or financial condition.

31

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Deutsche Bank’s Malaysian subsidiary is currently involved in civil proceedings in connection with transactions relating to

1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB). The extent of the bank’s financial exposure to this matter could be material, and

the bank’s reputation may be harmed.

In 2021, 1MDB commenced proceedings at the Malaysian Courts against Deutsche Bank Malaysia Berhad (DBMB) with

respect to three wire transfers carried out by DBMB on 1MDB’s behalf in 2009 and 2011. 1MDB claims damages in the

amount of U.S. $ 1.1 billion (representing the total amount of the transactions) excluding interest claimed from the date

of the wire transfers, which could be significant due to the long duration since the transactions. At a hearing on July 11,

2025, the Court declined DBMB’s application for summary dismissal on time-bar grounds, ruling that the issue requires a

full trial which is currently scheduled for October and December 2026. The risks arising from this matter are uncertain

and the likelihood of these risks materializing is hard to predict, but could negatively affect Deutsche Bank's financial

results.

Guilty pleas by or convictions of the bank or its affiliates in criminal proceedings, or regulatory or enforcement orders,

settlements or agreements to which the bank or its affiliates become subject, may have consequences that have adverse

effects on certain of Deutsche Bank’s businesses.

Deutsche Bank and its affiliates have been and are subjects of criminal and regulatory enforcement proceedings. Guilty

pleas or convictions against the bank or its affiliates, or regulatory or enforcement orders, settlements or agreements to

which the bank or its affiliates become subject, could lead to the bank’s ineligibility to conduct certain business activities.

In particular, such guilty pleas or convictions could cause its asset management affiliates to no longer qualify as

“qualified professional asset managers” (QPAMs) under the QPAM Prohibited Transaction Exemption under the U.S.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), which exemption is relied on to provide asset management

services to certain pension plans in connection with certain asset management strategies. While there are a number of

statutory exemptions and numerous other administrative exemptions that the bank’s asset management affiliates may

use to trade on behalf of ERISA plans, and in many instances they may do so in lieu of relying on the QPAM exemption,

loss of QPAM status could cause customers who rely on such status (whether because they are legally required to do so

or because the bank has agreed contractually with them to maintain such status) to cease to do business or refrain from

doing business with the bank and could negatively impact its reputation more generally. For example, clients may

mistakenly see the loss as a signal that the bank’s asset management affiliates are somehow no longer approved as asset

managers generally by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), the agency responsible for ERISA, and cease to do business

or refrain from doing business with the bank for that reason. This could have a material adverse effect on the bank’s

results of operations, particularly those of its asset management business in the United States. The DOL has granted an

individual exemption permitting certain of the bank’s affiliates to retain their QPAM status despite both the conviction of

DB Group Services (UK) Limited and the conviction of Deutsche Securities Korea Co. (the latter conviction has been

subsequently overturned). This exemption has been extended by the DOL until April 17, 2027, which is the end of the

disqualification period. The extension would terminate if, among other things, Deutsche Bank or its affiliates were to be

convicted of crimes in other matters.

32

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Climate Change and Other Risks Relating to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Related Matters

The impacts of rising global temperatures, nature degradation and the associated policy, technology and behavioral

changes required to limit global warming to no greater than 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels have led to emerging

sources of financial and non-financial risks. These include the physical risk impacts from extreme weather events, and

transition risks as carbon-intensive sectors are faced with higher costs, potentially reduced demand and restricted access

to financing. More rapid than currently expected emergence of transition and/or physical climate and nature risks may

lead to increased credit and market losses as well as operational disruptions due to impacts on vendors and the bank’s

own operations.

Instances of extreme weather events have increased in frequency and severity. Future extreme weather events could

lead to higher credit loss provisions, property loss, rising insurance costs and operational resilience risks. Extreme

weather events can also impact Deutsche Bank’s revenue generating capabilities and costs and result in impairments of

non-financial assets.

Financial institutions are facing increased scrutiny on climate and ESG-related issues from governments, regulators,

shareholders and other bodies (including non-governmental organizations). Banks must navigate an increasingly complex

and heterogeneous policy environment with U.S. led challenges to their collaborative efforts to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions leading to accusations of unlawful practice and anti-trust violations with potential for restrictions on access to

certain clients and potential litigation. The Net Zero Banking Alliance has seen the departure of U.S. and Canadian peers

and subsequently European peers in response to these concerns. In contrast, many organizations and individuals expect

banks to support the transition to a lower carbon economy, to limit nature-related risks such as biodiversity and habitat

loss, and to protect human rights. The emergence of significantly diverging (and sometimes conflicting) ESG regulatory

and/or disclosure standards across jurisdictions could lead to higher costs of compliance and risks of failing to meet

requirements. Of note is the interconnectedness between transition, other environmental, and social risks where

supporting the transition could lead to increased demand for transition minerals which are obtained via mining.

The IEA’s 2025 World Energy Outlook (WEO) indicates that the NZE2050 pathway now involves a prolonged overshoot of

the 1.5 °C target, with warming peaking near 1.65 °C around 2050 and only returning to 1.5 °C by 2100 through carbon

removal. This reflects a global economy which is transitioning at a slower pace which reduces transition risk in the short

term but increases the risk of a disorderly transition over the longer term. Furthermore, it creates tension between the

updated International Energy Agency Net Zero Emissions (IEA NZE) decarbonization pathways which are less ambitious

and the existing voluntary decarbonization commitments calibrated against earlier WEO reports. Deutsche Bank

considers its net zero targets as one of the key climate risk management tools and the bank intends to periodically review

the targets in line with the latest science and economic progress, and if necessary, may revise its targets against the

backdrop of legal or regulatory changes. In the case that revised interim targets are less ambitious, this will increase the

risk that third parties raise allegations of greenwashing, including through civil litigation, regulatory investigations or

enforcement actions.

In the United States, state legislators and regulators are issuing potentially conflicting laws and certification

requirements regarding ESG matters, reflecting a polarized political context within the U.S. This may result in the risk of

loss of business or licenses if the bank cannot meet the certification requirements, while also requiring the bank to

analyze and balance positions.

Certain jurisdictions have begun to develop anti-ESG measures including requiring financial institutions that wish to do

business with them to certify their non-adherence to aspects of the transition agenda. Failing to comply with these

requirements may result in the termination of existing business and the inability to conduct new business with those

jurisdictions, while complying may lead to reputational risks and potential lawsuits. The scope and enforceability of such

requirements, and their application to the bank, remain uncertain.

Deutsche Bank is rated by a number of ESG rating providers, with the ratings increasingly utilized as criteria to determine

eligibility for sustainable investments and to assess management of ESG risks and opportunities. Should the bank’s

ratings materially deteriorate, this could lead to negative reputational impacts.

Data, methodologies and industry standards for measuring and assessing climate and other environmental risks are still

evolving or, in certain cases, are not yet available. This, combined with a lack of comprehensive and consistent climate

and other environmental risk disclosures by its clients, means that the bank, in line with the wider industry, is heavily

reliant on proxy estimates and/or proprietary approaches for risk assessment and modelling and for the bank’s climate

and environmental risk management disclosures. The high degree of uncertainty that this creates increases the risk that

third parties may assert that the bank’s sustainability-related disclosures constitute greenwashing. In addition to the

reputational risks associated with such allegations, competent supervisory authorities and law enforcement agencies

may commence investigations based on such allegations.

33

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Deutsche Bank is committed to managing its business activities and operations in a sustainable manner, including

aligning portfolios with net zero emissions by 2050. The bank continues to develop and implement its approach to

environmental risk assessments and management in order to promote the integration of environmental-related factors

across its business activities. This includes the ability to identify, monitor and manage risks and to conduct regular

scenario analysis and stress testing. Rapidly changing regulatory as well as stakeholder demands, combined with

significant focus by stakeholders, may adversely affect Deutsche Bank's businesses if it fails to adopt such demands or

appropriately implement its plans.

Deutsche Bank recently updated its target for sustainable financing and investment volumes to € 900 billion in

sustainable and transition finance for the period from 2020 to the end of 2030, after nearly achieving its 2025 target of €

500 billion. Deutsche Bank may face significant headwinds in achieving these targets, including market competition,

evolving regulatory requirements, and the scarcity of green and social assets for compliant funding. If ambitions or

targets are missed, this could impact, among other things, revenues and the reputation of the bank, whereas scarcity of

green and social assets may reduce Deutsche Bank’s ability to issue compliant funding that qualifies. An economy

transitioning at a slower pace may result in significant deviations from the bank’s net zero-aligned emissions pathways

toward its targets. This would come to reduce transition risk in the short to medium term but increase it significantly over

the longer term. The bank continues to consider its net zero targets as one of the key climate risk management tools.

Other Risks

The bank’s risk management policies, procedures and methods leave the bank exposed to unidentified or unanticipated

risks, which could lead to material losses.

Deutsche Bank has devoted significant resources to develop its risk management policies, procedures and methods,

including with respect to market, credit, liquidity, operational as well as reputational and model risk. However, the bank

may not be fully effective in mitigating these risk exposures in all economic or market environments or against all types

of risk, including risks that the bank fails to identify or anticipate. Where Deutsche Bank uses models to calculate risk-

weighted assets for regulatory purposes, potential deficiencies may also lead regulators to impose a recalibration of

input parameters or a complete review of the model.

Some of the bank’s quantitative tools and metrics for managing risk are based upon its use of observed historical market

behavior. The bank applies statistical and other tools to these observations to arrive at quantifications of its risk

exposures. In a financial crisis, the financial markets may experience extreme levels of volatility (rapid changes in price

direction) and the breakdown of historically observed correlations (the extent to which prices move in tandem) across

asset classes, compounded by extremely limited liquidity. In such a volatile market environment, the bank’s risk

management tools and metrics may fail to predict important risk exposures. In addition, Deutsche Bank’s quantitative

modeling does not take all risks into account and makes numerous assumptions regarding the overall environment, which

may not be borne out by events. As a result, risk exposures have arisen and could continue to arise from factors the bank

did not anticipate or correctly evaluate in its models. This has limited and could continue to limit the bank’s ability to

manage its risks especially in light of geopolitical developments, many of the outcomes of which are currently

unforeseeable. The bank’s losses thus have been and may in the future be significantly greater than the historical

measures indicate, which could materially and adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition or capital

position.

In addition, the bank’s more qualitative approach to managing those risks not taken into account by the quantitative

methods could also prove insufficient, exposing the bank to material unanticipated losses. Also, if existing or potential

customers or counterparties believe its risk management is inadequate, they could take their business elsewhere or seek

to limit their transactions with Deutsche Bank. This could harm the bank’s reputation as well as its revenues and profits.

34

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

As Deutsche Bank is dependent on legacy infrastructure providers with challenged business models, the bank therefore

has become more reliant on cloud based and data intensive platforms which increases concentration risk

As the bank continues to modernize its technology landscape and increases reliance on cloud‑based and data‑intensive

platforms, operational resilience remains a priority for senior management. Growing dependence on a small number of

global cloud and data center providers, many concentrated in the United States, heightens concentration and systemic

risk, as seen in recent market wide outages. Given the scale, specialization and integration of such providers, the bank

may not be able to readily substitute alternative providers, execute upon the bank's remediation rights or migrate critical

workloads without significant costs, disruption or delay. Geopolitical, regulatory or policy developments could further

affect service continuity or data access.

While these platforms provide significant scalability and efficiency benefits, disruptions from provider outages,

data‑center incidents, infrastructure constraints or geopolitical events could affect the bank’s ability to deliver critical

services. Rising demand for computing power, including analytics and AI workloads, is also increasing pressure on

underlying power and network infrastructure.

The accelerating pace of technological advances is heightening cyber risk, with threat actors leveraging increasingly

sophisticated and frequent attacks. Geopolitical tensions continue to fuel persistent cyber activity, a trend expected to

intensify as AI amplifies both capability and scale. Hybrid warfare which combines cyber operations, disinformation, and

targeted disruption of critical digital infrastructure by state and non‑state actors, further elevates operational and

systemic risks. These converging tactics blur the boundaries between physical and digital conflict, increasing the

likelihood of multi‑vector disruptions that could impair the bank’s technology environment and threaten service

continuity.

Deutsche Bank utilizes a variety of third parties in support of its business and operations. Services provided by third

parties pose risks to the bank comparable to those it bears if Deutsche Bank performed the services itself, and the bank

remains ultimately responsible for the services its third parties provide. Furthermore, if a third party does not conduct

business in accordance with applicable standards or Deutsche Bank’s expectations, the bank could be exposed to

material losses, regulatory action, litigation, reputational damage, or fail to achieve the benefits it sought from the

relationship.

Financial institutions rely on third-party and intragroup service providers for a range of services, some of which support

their critical operations. These dependencies have grown in recent years as part of the increasing trend in digitalization of

the financial services sector which can bring multiple benefits including flexibility, innovation and improved operational

resilience. However, if not properly managed, disruption to service providers could pose risks to critical services provided

by financial institutions, and in some cases, financial stability.

The regulatory framework for managing third party risk continues to evolve and becomes increasingly complex as

regulators seek to address various objectives. Two main areas of focus are how financial institutions identify and manage

their third-party risks and how systemic risks caused by concentration of services provided by critical third parties and

subcontractors are addressed.

When using third-party service providers, the bank remains fully responsible and accountable for complying with all the

regulatory obligations, including the ability to oversee the outsourcing of critical or important functions. The bank may

face risks of material losses or reputational damage if third parties fail to provide services as agreed with the bank and/or

in line with regulatory requirements.

Similar to cybersecurity threats to Deutsche Bank, a successful cyberattack on a third party vendor could have a

significant negative impact on the bank that may result in the disclosure or misuse of client as well as proprietary

information, damage or inability to access information technology systems, financial losses, additional costs, personal

data breach notification obligations, reputational damage, client dissatisfaction and potential regulatory penalties or

litigation exposure.

35

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Operational risks, which may arise from errors in the performance of the bank’s processes, the conduct of its employees,

shortfalls in access management, instability, malfunction or outage of its IT system and infrastructure, or loss of business

continuity, or comparable issues with respect to the bank’s vendors, may disrupt the bank's businesses and lead to

material losses.

Deutsche Bank faces operational risk arising from errors, inadvertent or intentional, made in the execution, confirmation

or settlement of transactions or from transactions not being properly recorded, evaluated or accounted for. An example

of this risk concerns derivative contracts, which are not always confirmed with the counterparties on a timely basis. For

so long as the transaction remains unconfirmed, the bank is subject to heightened credit and operational risk and in the

event of a default may find it more difficult to enforce the contract.

In addition, Deutsche Bank’s businesses are highly dependent on its ability to process manually or through its systems a

large number of transactions on a daily basis, across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies. Some of the

transactions have become increasingly complex. Moreover, management relies heavily on its financial, accounting and

other data processing systems that include manual processing components. If any of these processes or systems do not

operate properly, or are disabled, or subject to intentional or inadvertent human error, the bank could suffer financial

loss, a disruption of its businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.

The bank is also dependent on its employees to conduct its business in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and

generally accepted business standards. If the bank’s employees do not conduct its business in this manner, the bank may

be exposed to material losses. Furthermore, if an employee’s misconduct reflects fraudulent intent, the bank could also

be exposed to reputational damage. The bank categorizes these risks as conduct risk, a term used to describe the risks

associated with behavior by employees and agents, including third parties, that could harm clients, customers or the

integrity of the markets, such as selling products that are not suitable for a particular customer, fraud, unauthorized

trading and failure to comply with applicable regulations, laws and internal policies. U.S. regulators in particular have

been increasingly focused on conduct risk, and such heightened regulatory scrutiny and expectations could lead to

investigations and other inquiries, as well as remediation requirements, more regulatory or other enforcement

proceedings, civil litigation and higher compliance and other risks and costs.

The bank is required to monitor, evaluate, and observe laws and other requirements relating to financial and trade

sanctions and embargoes set by the EU, the Deutsche Bundesbank, Germany’s Federal Office for Economic Affairs and

Export Control, and other authorities, such as the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)

and the UK Treasury Department’s Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI), or local authorities of Deutsche

Bank's locations. Sanctions are subject to rapid change, and it is also possible that new direct or indirect secondary

sanctions or similar restrictive measures could be imposed by the United States or other jurisdictions without warning, as

a result of geopolitical developments. Should the bank fail to comply timely and in all respects with these sanctions, the

bank could be exposed to legal penalties or other adverse action and its reputation could suffer.

The bank in particular faces the risk of loss events due to the instability, malfunction or outage of its IT system and IT

infrastructure, as well as breaches in IT system and infrastructure (including cyber-attacks). Such losses could materially

affect the bank’s ability to perform business processes and may, for example, arise from the erroneous or delayed

execution of processes as a result of system outages, degraded services in systems and IT applications or the

inaccessibility of its IT systems. A delay in processing a transaction, for example, could result in an operational loss if

market conditions worsen during the period after the error. IT-related errors may also result in the mishandling of

confidential information, damage to the bank’s computer systems, financial losses, additional costs for repairing systems,

reputational damage, customer dissatisfaction or potential regulatory or litigation exposure (including under data

protection laws such as the GDPR). Additionally, there is a heightened emphasis and growing expectations of data

management and the risks posed by poor data management standards and data quality, and the potential impact to key

control, decision-making and reporting processes.

Global industries continue to conduct business from home and away from primary office locations, which has changed

business practices compared to historic trends. The demand on the bank’s technology infrastructure and the risk of

cyber-attacks could lead to technology failures, security breaches, unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data or

unavailability of services, as well as increase the likelihood of conduct breaches.

36

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Business continuity risk is the risk of incurring losses resulting from the interruption of normal business activities. The

bank operates in many geographic locations and is frequently subject to the occurrence of events outside of its control.

Despite the contingency plans the bank has in place, its ability to conduct business in any of these locations may be

adversely impacted by a disruption to the infrastructure that supports the bank’s business, whether as a result of, for

example, events that affect the bank’s third-party vendors or the community or public infrastructure in which the bank

operates. Any number of events could cause such a disruption including deliberate acts such as acts of war or other

military action, sabotage, terrorist activities, bomb threats, strikes, riots and assaults on the bank’s staff; natural

calamities such as hurricanes, snowstorms, floods, disease pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and

earthquakes; or other unforeseen incidents such as accidents, fires, explosions, utility outages and political unrest. Any

such disruption could have a material adverse effect on the bank’s business and financial position.

As a global bank, Deutsche Bank is often the subject of news reports. Deutsche Bank conducts its media dialogue

through official teams. However, members of the media sometimes approach Deutsche Bank staff outside of these

channels and Deutsche Bank-internal information, including confidential matters, have been subject to external news

media coverage, which may result in publication of confidential information. Leaks to the media can have severe

consequences for Deutsche Bank, particularly when they involve inaccurate statements, rumors, speculation or

unsanctioned opinions. This can result in financial consequences such as the loss of confidence or business with clients

and may impact the bank’s share price or capital instruments by undermining investor confidence. The bank’s ability to

protect itself against these risks is limited.

Deutsche Bank’s large clearing and settlement business poses risks if it fails to operate properly for even short periods.

The bank has large clearing and settlement businesses and an increasingly complex and interconnected IT landscape.

These give rise to the risk that the bank’s customers or other third parties could lose substantial sums if the systems fail

to operate properly for even short periods. This will be the case even where the reason for the interruption is external to

the bank. In such a case, the bank might suffer harm to its reputation even if no material loss of money occurs. This could

cause customers to take their business elsewhere, which could materially harm the bank’s revenues and profits.

Deutsche Bank must test goodwill and other intangible assets at least annually for impairment or each reporting period if

indicators of impairment exist. In the event the test determines that impairment exists, the bank must write down the

value of the asset.

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and associates and represents the excess of the aggregate of the cost of

an acquisition and any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired

at the date of the acquisition. Goodwill on the acquisition of subsidiaries is capitalized and reviewed for impairment

annually or more frequently if there are indications that impairment may have occurred. Intangible assets are recognized

separately from goodwill when they are separable or arise from contractual or other legal rights and their fair value can

be measured reliably. These assets are tested for impairment and useful life reaffirmed at least annually. The

determination of the recoverable amount in the impairment assessment of non-financial assets requires estimates based

on quoted market prices, prices of comparable businesses, present value or other valuation techniques, or a combination

thereof, necessitating management to make subjective judgments and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions

could result in significant differences to the amounts reported if underlying circumstances were to change. Impairments

of goodwill and other intangible assets have had and may have in the future a material adverse effect on the bank’s

profitability and results of operations.

In addition to Deutsche Bank’s traditional banking businesses of deposit-taking and lending, the bank may also engage in

nontraditional credit businesses in which credit is extended via transactions that may materially increase the bank’s

exposure to credit risk.

As a financial institution, Deutsche Bank is exposed to the risk that third parties who owe claims to the bank will not

perform on their obligations. Many of the bank’s businesses extend beyond the traditional banking businesses of deposit-

taking and lending and also expose the bank to credit risk.

In particular, much of the business in the Investment Bank entails credit transactions, frequently ancillary to traditional

banking transactions. Nontraditional sources of credit risk can arise, for example, from holding securities of third parties;

entering into swap or other derivative contracts under which counterparties have obligations to make payments to the

bank; executing securities, futures, or currency trades that fail to settle at the required time due to non-delivery by the

counterparty or systems failure by clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries; and

extending credit through other arrangements. Parties to these transactions may default on their obligations which would

result in Deutsche Bank incurring significant losses.

In the past, exceptionally difficult market conditions severely adversely affected certain areas in which the bank does

nontraditional credit risk business, including leveraged finance and structured credit markets. If similar market conditions

occur in the future, the bank may experience adverse effects.

37

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

A substantial proportion of the bank’s assets and liabilities comprise financial instruments carried at fair value, with

changes in fair value recognized in the income statement. Fair value changes have in the past and could in the future

result in significant losses.

Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset or liability could be exchanged in an arm's length transaction between

knowledgeable, willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. If the value of an asset carried at fair value

declines (or the value of a liability carried at fair value increases) a corresponding loss in fair value is recognized in the

income statement. If observable prices or inputs are not available for certain classes of financial instruments, fair value is

determined using valuation techniques the bank believes to be appropriate for the particular instrument. The application

of valuation techniques to determine fair value involves estimation and management judgment, the extent of which will

vary with the degree of complexity of the instrument and liquidity in the market. Management judgment is required in the

selection and application of the appropriate parameters, assumptions and modeling techniques. If any of the

assumptions change due to negative market conditions or for other reasons, subsequent valuations may result in

significant changes in the fair values of the bank’s financial instruments and which have in the past and may in the future

result in significant losses.

Deutsche Bank’s exposure and related changes in fair value are reported net of any fair value gains that may be recorded

in connection with hedging transactions related to the underlying assets. However, the bank may never realize these

gains, and the fair value of the hedges may change in future periods for a number of reasons, including deterioration in

the credit of hedging counterparties. Such declines may be independent of the fair values of the underlying hedged

assets or liabilities and may result in future losses.

Deutsche Bank must review its deferred tax assets at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that it is no longer

probable that sufficient taxable income will be available to allow all or a portion of the bank’s deferred tax assets to be

utilized, the bank must reduce the carrying amounts. These reductions have had and may in the future have material

adverse effects on Deutsche Bank’s profitability, equity, and financial condition.

The bank recognizes deferred tax assets for future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the

financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, unused tax losses

and unused tax credits. To the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow

all or a portion of the deferred tax assets to be utilized, the bank must reduce the carrying amounts. Each quarter, the

bank re-evaluates its estimate related to deferred tax assets, which can change from period to period and requires

significant management judgment. Furthermore, deferred tax assets are measured based on tax rates that are expected

to apply in the period that the asset is realized, based on the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or

substantially enacted at the balance sheet date. Reductions in the amount of deferred tax assets from a change in

estimate or a change in tax law have had and may in the future have material adverse effects on its profitability, equity

and financial condition.

Deutsche Bank is exposed to pension risks which can materially impact the measurement of its pension obligations,

including interest rate, inflation, longevity and liquidity risks that can materially impact the bank’s earnings.

Deutsche Bank sponsors a number of post-employment benefit plans on behalf of its employees, including defined

benefit plans. For further details on Deutsche Bank’s employee benefit plans see Note 33 – “Employee Benefits” in the

consolidated financial statements.

The bank develops and maintains guidelines for governance and risk management, including funding, asset allocation

and actuarial assumption setting. In this regard, risk management means the management and control of risks for the

bank related to market developments (e.g., interest rate, credit spread, price inflation), asset investment, regulatory or

legislative requirements, as well as monitoring demographic changes (e.g., longevity). To the extent that pension plans

are funded, the assets held mitigate some of the liability risks, but introduce investment risk. In its key pension countries,

the bank’s largest post-employment benefit plan risk exposures relate to potential changes in credit spreads, interest

rates, price inflation, longevity risk and liquidity risk, although these have been partially mitigated through the

investment strategy adopted. Overall, the bank seeks to minimize the impact of pensions on its financial position from

market movements, subject to balancing the trade-offs involved in financing post-employment benefits, regulatory

capital and constraints from local funding or accounting requirements.

The bank’s investment objective in funding the plans and its obligations in respect of them is to protect the bank from

adverse impacts of its defined benefit pension plans on key financial metrics. The bank seeks to allocate plan assets

closely to the market risk factor exposures of the pension liability to interest rates, credit spreads and inflation and,

thereby, plan assets broadly reflect the underlying risk profile and currency of the pension obligations.

38

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

To the extent that the factors that drive the bank’s pension liabilities move in a manner adverse to the bank, or that its

assumptions regarding key variables prove incorrect, or that funding of the pension liabilities does not sufficiently hedge

those liabilities, the bank could be required to make additional contributions or be exposed to actuarial or accounting

losses in respect of its pension plans.

In Germany, the Group is a member of the BVV Versicherungsverein des Bankgewerbes a.G. (BVV), a multi-employer

defined benefit plan, together with other financial institutions. In line with industry practice, the Group accounts for it as

a defined contribution plan since insufficient information is available to identify assets and liabilities relating to the

Group’s current and former employees, primarily because the BVV does not fully allocate plan assets to beneficiaries nor

to member companies. The Group may be exposed to significant financial risk should the residual risks materialize or if

the assumptions that form the basis of the benefit obligation related to this multi-employer defined benefit plan prove to

be unrealistic.

The evolution of digital assets increases operational, liquidity and financial risks and could impact Deutsche Bank's

results of operations

The continued evolution of digital assets and their potential applicability in payment and treasury processes as well as

for other types of financial services presents operational, liquidity and financial risks. For example, the bank is exposed to

risks arising from shifts in the global payments landscape, including the increasing use of regulated forms of tokenized

money such as stablecoins issued by both banking and non-banking entities, as well as the introduction of central bank

digital currencies (CBDCs) for retail and wholesale use cases. The growth and acceptance of these instruments could

furthermore displace elements of the bank’s traditional product offering, such as trading, custody and clearing, and

payments, with consequential impacts on Deutsche Bank’s business model and deposit base, and potentially increasing

Deutsche Bank’s operational and liquidity risk landscape. In addition, new competitors may introduce tokenized asset

products and services that the bank does not provide, which may result in the loss of revenue or clients.

Deutsche Bank is subject to laws and other requirements relating to financial and trade sanctions and embargoes. If the

bank breaches such laws and requirements, it can be subject, and in the past has been subject, to material regulatory

enforcement actions and penalties.

The bank is required to monitor, evaluate, and observe laws and other requirements relating to financial and trade

sanctions and embargoes set by the EU, the Deutsche Bundesbank, Germany’s Federal Office for Economic Affairs and

Export Control, and other authorities, such as the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)

and the UK Treasury Department’s Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI), or local authorities of Deutsche

Bank locations. Sanctions are subject to rapid change, and it is also possible that new direct or indirect secondary

sanctions (including as a result of U.S. secondary sanctions risks for financial institutions that engage in certain dealings

relating to Russia) could be imposed by the United States or other jurisdictions without warning as a result of geopolitical

developments. New and far-reaching sanctions against Russian entities and individuals have been, and may continue to

be, imposed by the United States, the EU, the United Kingdom and other individual countries as a result of the

continuation of Russia’s war in Ukraine, and many of these sanctions require very rapid implementation. Should the bank

fail to comply timely and in all respects with these or new or preexisting laws and requirements, it can be subject, and has

in the past been subject, to material regulatory enforcement actions and penalties, and its reputation could suffer.

Transactions with persons targeted by U.S. economic sanctions or counterparties in countries designated by the U.S.

State Department as state sponsors of terrorism may lead potential customers and investors to avoid doing business with

the bank or investing in the bank’s securities, harm its reputation or result in regulatory or enforcement action which

could materially and adversely affect its business.

The bank engages or has engaged in a limited amount of business with counterparties, including government-owned or -

controlled counterparties, in certain countries or territories that are subject to comprehensive U.S. sanctions (referred to

as “Sanctioned Territories”), or with persons or entities targeted by U.S. economic sanctions (referred to as “Sanctioned

Persons”). U.S. law generally prohibits U.S. persons or any other persons acting within U.S. jurisdiction (which includes

business with a U.S. nexus) from dealings with or relating to Sanctioned Territories or Sanctioned Persons. Additionally,

U.S. indirect or “secondary” sanctions threaten the imposition of sanctions against non-U.S. persons entirely outside of

U.S. jurisdiction for engaging in certain activities deemed contrary to U.S. interests. For example, the U.S. has targeted

foreign financial institutions with respect to a number of activities, including knowingly or unknowingly facilitating

transactions or providing services relating to Russia’s military-industrial base. The bank’s U.S. subsidiaries, branch offices,

and employees are, and, in some cases, its non-U.S. subsidiaries, branch offices, and employees are or may become,

subject to such prohibitions and other regulations.

39

Deutsche Bank	Item 3: Key Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Risk Factors

Deutsche Bank is a German bank and its activities with respect to Sanctioned Territories and Sanctioned Persons have

been subject to policies and procedures designed to exclude the involvement of U.S. jurisdiction, including U.S. persons

acting in any managerial or operational role and to ensure compliance with United Nations Security Council, European

Union and German sanctions and embargoes; in reflection of legal developments in recent years, the bank has further

developed its policies and procedures with the aim of promoting – to the extent legally permitted – compliance with

regulatory requirements extending to other geographic areas regardless of jurisdiction. However, the regulatory

requirements themselves may change rapidly, and should its policies prove to be, or have been, ineffective, the bank may

be subject to regulatory or enforcement action that could materially and adversely affect its reputation, financial

condition, or business.

Further, in response to the war in Ukraine, the United States, as well as other nations and the EU, have continued to

expand sanctions on Russia, Russian entities and third-country entities supporting sanctions avoidance; such sanctions

could have a material impact on the bank’s business activities. In response, the bank took a range of preparatory and

responsive actions to implement the high number of, and in part newly developed, sanctions by inter alia filter and

control updates, additional due diligence steps in transaction and client reviews with a nexus to Russia and by restricting

its policy significantly and adjusting processes. Furthermore, additional transactions with Russia and Belarus have been

prohibited by bank policy starting from March 2025 and April 2025, respectively. Even though Deutsche Bank believes

that it reacted quickly and thoroughly to these challenges, the sheer amount and complexity of changes and the broad

discretion that U.S. authorities may exercise in interpreting and enforcing U.S. sanctions have increased the operational

risk relating to regulatory compliance. Given the strict liability applied in areas of this regulatory environment and the

extraterritorial reach of U.S. secondary sanctions, such operational risk may translate into regulatory risks for the bank

leading to consequential losses. There can be no assurances that U.S. authorities will not bring enforcement actions

against the bank or impose secondary sanctions or other adverse consequences. Any such actions could have a material

impact on the bank’s business and harm its reputation.

40

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	History and development of  the company

Item 4: Information on the company

History and development of the company

The legal and commercial name of the company is Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft. It is a stock corporation organized

under the laws of Germany.

Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft originated from the reunification of Norddeutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft, Hamburg,

Rheinisch-Westfälische Bank Aktiengesellschaft, Düsseldorf, and Süddeutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft, Munich.

Pursuant to the Law on the Regional Scope of Credit Institutions, these were disincorporated in 1952 from Deutsche

Bank, which had been founded in 1870. The merger and the name were entered in the Commercial Register of the

District Court Frankfurt am Main on May 2, 1957.

Deutsche Bank is registered under registration number HRB 30 000. Deutsche Bank’s registered address is Taunusanlage

12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and its telephone number is +49-69-910-00. The bank’s agent in the United

States is: DB USA Corporation, c/o Office of the Secretary, 1 Columbus Circle, Mail Stop NYC01-1950, New York, New

York 10019-8735.

For information on significant capital expenditures and divestitures, please see “Combined Management Report:

Operating and financial review: Deutsche Bank Group: Significant capital expenditures and divestitures” in the Annual

Report 2025.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information

statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, such as Deutsche Bank

Aktiengesellschaft, with the address http://www.sec.gov. Deutsche Bank’s filings are available on the SEC’s Internet site

under File Number 001-15242 and Internet address is http://www.db.com.

Business Overview

Deutsche Bank’s organization

Please see “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Deutsche Bank Group: Deutsche Bank’s

organization” in the Annual Report 2025. For information on net revenues by geographic area and by corporate division

please see Note 4 “Business Segments and related information: Entity-wide disclosures” to the consolidated financial

statements and “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Results of operations: Segment results

of operations” in the Annual Report 2025.

Management structure

Please see “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Deutsche Bank Group: Management

structure” in the Annual Report 2025.

41

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Business Strategy

The information presented in this section is based on IFRS as issued by the IASB (IASB IFRS), whereas Deutsche Bank’s

financial targets and capital objectives are based on financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the

IASB and endorsed by the EU (EU IFRS). The IASB IFRS financial results may materially differ from the EU-IFRS results as

Deutsche Bank applies hedge accounting under the EU carve-out. Deutsche Bank does not use the IASB IFRS financial

results as a basis for measuring the bank’s progress towards its financial targets or capital objectives. For additional

details, please refer to “Note 01 – Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates – EU carve-out” to the

consolidated financial statements.

Global Hausbank

Deutsche Bank’s strategic and financial roadmap for 2025 aimed to position the bank as the Global Hausbank,

underpinned by strong European foundations and a broad international network. The strategy focused on achieving the

2025 financial targets and capital objectives and was built on three core pillars: risk management, sustainability and

technology, priorities that have become even more important amid persistent geopolitical and macroeconomic

uncertainty. By the end of 2025, the bank had met or surpassed its key financial targets and capital objectives, measured

on the financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and endorsed by the EU (EU IFRS),

thereby laying a firm foundation to scale the Global Hausbank.

At the Investor Deep Dive in November 2025, Deutsche Bank announced the next phase of its strategy and financial

targets and capital objectives for 2028. Having restored the bank’s profitability and strengthened its foundations, the

bank’s focus will be on accelerating value creation by scaling the Global Hausbank. Deutsche Bank’s goal is to tap

significant further growth potential, building on its position as the trusted partner for clients in a changing environment.

The bank’s long‑term vision is to become the European Champion in banking, marked by leadership in key business

segments on a European level, market-leading returns, a deep and scaled global presence and an AI-powered and

innovation-focused organization.

Deutsche Bank’s key performance indicators for 2025

Financial targets:

–Post-tax return on average tangible equity of above 10% for the Group

–Compound annual growth rate of revenues between 2021 and 2025 of 5.5% to 6.5%

–Cost/income ratio of below 65%

Capital objectives:

–Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio within an operating range of 13.5% to 14.0%, with a 200 basis points

distance to the Maximum Distributable Amount (MDA) as a floor

–50% Total payout ratio from 2025

When used with respect to future periods, non-GAAP financial measures Deutsche Bank uses are forward-looking

statements. Deutsche Bank cannot predict or quantify the levels of the most directly comparable financial measures

under IFRS that would correspond to these measures for future periods. This is because neither the magnitude of such

IFRS financial measures, nor the magnitude of the adjustments to be used to calculate the related non-GAAP financial

measures from such IFRS financial measures, can be predicted. Such adjustments, if any, will relate to specific, currently

unknown, events and in most cases can be positive or negative, so that it is not possible to predict whether, for a future

period, the non-GAAP financial measure will be greater than or less than the related IFRS financial measure.

42

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Financial performance in 2025

In 2025, net revenues were € 31.4 billion in 2025, essentially flat compared to € 31.5 billion in 2024. From 2021 to year

end 2025, revenues grew at a compound annual rate of 5.3%.

On operational efficiency, Deutsche Bank completed its € 2.5 billion operational efficiency program as planned by the

end of 2025. Measures included the optimization of the bank’s platform in Germany and workforce reductions, notably in

non-client-facing roles.

Deutsche Bank’s capital efficiency program delivered further risk-weighted assets (RWA) equivalent benefits in 2025.

These efficiencies contributed to the bank’s year end 2025 CET1 capital ratio of 14.2%, which was up versus 13.8% at the

end of 2024.

During 2025, the bank made capital distributions in respect of 2024 of € 2.3 billion, up by around 50% from 2024. These

included the dividend of € 0.68 per share, or € 1.3 billion in aggregate, and share buybacks of € 1.0 billion. For 2026,

Deutsche Bank plans to propose a dividend in respect of the 2025 financial year of € 1.00 per share, or approximately €

1.9 billion in aggregate, up 50% from € 0.68 per share for 2024, at the bank’s Annual General Meeting in May 2026. The

bank has also secured customary authorizations for up to € 1.0 billion in further share repurchases in respect of 2025.

Together, these measures would increase cumulative capital distributions to shareholders by a further € 2.9 billion.

Cumulative capital distributions in respect of the financial years 2021–2025, to be paid in 2022–2026, thereby

amounting to € 8.5 billion.

43

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Sustainability

Sustainability is a fundamental aspect of Deutsche Bank’s strategy. In 2025, the bank continued to focus on the four

pillars of its sustainability strategy: Sustainable Finance, Policies & Commitments, People & Own Operations, and

Thought Leadership & Stakeholder Engagement.

Deutsche Bank set ambitious targets to maximize its contribution to achieving the Paris Climate Agreement’s targets and

the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals. The key targets and goals relate to the following sustainability

matters:

–Deutsche Bank set new cumulative € 900 billion sustainable and transition finance target for the period from 2020 to

the end of 2030, reinforcing its role as a trusted partner for the bank’s clients in the global transformation. The bank

aimed to achieve a total of € 500 billion cumulative sustainable finance and ESG investments volumes from January

2020 to end of 2025 (excluding Asset Management (DWS)). Although the original target was not achieved by the end

of 2025, Deutsche Bank remains committed to providing sustainable financing and ESG investment solutions to its

clients and expects to surpass € 500 billion in the first half of 2026. Progress towards the original target was impacted

by several factors over the period, including higher interest rates, regulatory developments as well as changes in the

policy environment

–Deutsche Bank introduced a nature ambition to facilitate 300 transactions by the end of 2027, supporting biodiversity

as well as ecosystem conservation and restoration in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development

Goals

–Deutsche Bank is committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2050. In the previous years, Deutsche Bank has set

net zero targets for eight carbon-intensive sectors in its corporate loan book, with interim goals by end of 2030 and

final targets by end of 2050

–Deutsche Bank planned to source 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2025 and has achieved this target

–In 2021, the bank committed to an aspirational goal to have women represent at least 35% of its Managing Director,

Director and Vice President population globally (excluding Asset Management) by year end 2025, known as the ’35 by

25’ program. By year end 2025, women represented 34.1% of the bank’s Managing Director, Director and Vice

President population globally, with the female representation on senior corporate titles increasing from 2021 to 2025

by 4.2 percentage points

–The bank aims to increase gender diversity at the two levels below the Management Board (MB-1 and MB-2) with a

goal of 30% of positions to be held by women by year end 2025, thereby promoting equal opportunity within the

Management Board succession pipeline. The bank effectively met the goal for MB-1 and reached 28.2% at MB-2. In

line with German legal requirements, the bank will retain goals beyond 2025 for the two layers below the

Management Board with a goal of 32.5% women at both MB-1 and MB-2 by year end 2026, having regard to local law

In 2025, Deutsche Bank published its initial Transition Finance Framework, defining clear rules for financing net zero

transitions in hard-to-abate sectors. Furthermore, the bank updated its Transition Plan with the latest data and main

achievements and updated the Sustainable Instruments Framework to align with relevant adjustments to the Sustainable

Finance Framework, effective from January 1, 2026.

44

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Scaling the Global Hausbank

The bank believes that the progress made in transforming Deutsche Bank laid a strong foundation for delivering

sustainable growth through 2028. At the Investor Deep Dive in November 2025, Deutsche Bank presented its strategic

and financial roadmap for the period to 2028, outlining plans to further scale the bank’s position as a Global Hausbank

and setting out its financial targets and capital objectives for 2028.

Deutsche Bank’s key financial targets and capital objectives for 2028

Financial targets:

–Post-tax return on average tangible equity of greater than 13% for the Group

–Cost/income ratio of below 60%

Capital objectives:

–CET1 capital ratio within an operating range of 13.5% to 14.0%, with a 200 basis points distance to the Maximum

Distributable Amount (MDA) as a floor

–60% Total payout ratio from 2026 and distribution of excess capital when CET1 capital ratio is sustainably above 14%

When used with respect to future periods, non-GAAP financial measures Deutsche Bank uses are forward-looking

statements. Deutsche Bank cannot predict or quantify the levels of the most directly comparable financial measures under

IFRS that would correspond to these measures for future periods. This is because neither the magnitude of such IFRS

financial measures, nor the magnitude of the adjustments to be used to calculate the related non-GAAP financial measures

from such IFRS financial measures, can be predicted. Such adjustments, if any, will relate to specific, currently unknown,

events and in most cases can be positive or negative, so that it is not possible to predict whether, for a future period, the

non-GAAP financial measure will be greater than or less than the related IFRS financial measure.

Accelerating value creation through three strategic levers

The next phase of Deutsche Bank’s strategy is centered around three levers: focused growth, disciplined capital

management and a scalable operating model. These levers are anchored in a firm commitment to shareholder‑value‑add

(SVA) as the central steering principle, aiming at sharpening decision‑making, aligning resource allocation with value

creation and strengthening a culture of accountability. Anchored in its ambition to scale the Global Hausbank, Deutsche

Bank aims to deepen client engagement and strengthen collaboration across segments to deliver its full capabilities.

Focused growth: Focused growth is a core driver of Deutsche Bank’s strategic ambition through 2028. The bank expects

focused growth areas to contribute meaningfully to long term revenue expansion, targeted to deliver approximately €

5 billion in incremental revenues, increasing Group revenues from € 32 billion to approximately € 37 billion by 2028. This

trajectory reflects a balanced uplift across fee generating and interest sensitive activities, including roughly € 2.6 billion in

additional net commission and fee income and € 2.3 billion in net interest income, underpinned by the structural hedge

rollover, the strength of the German deposit franchise and targeted loan growth across the bank. Growth is expected to be

reinforced by more coordinated client coverage, with the Corporate Bank and Investment Bank jointly supporting corporate

and institutional clients, the Private Bank and Asset Management enhancing investment and retirement solutions, and the

segments contributing to a greater share of client business.

Disciplined capital management: Deutsche Bank manages capital as a strategic lever, ensuring it is deployed where returns

are strongest and aligned with the bank’s SVA guiding principles. The bank’s capital strategy is grounded in disciplined

balance sheet management, focused on reallocating resources toward capital accretive activities. By the end of 2028,

Deutsche Bank aims to deliver a more than 100 basis point uplift in revenues over RWA (excluding operational risk RWA),

supported by strengthened pricing discipline, enhanced balance sheet velocity and expanded risk transfer and

securitization channels. The bank aims to maintain a CET1 capital ratio of 13.5% to 14.0%, with a 200 basis points distance

to the MDA as a floor. The bank targets a 60% total payout ratio from 2026, and to distribute excess capital when its CET1

capital ratio is sustainably above 14%.

Scalable operating model: Deutsche Bank intends to strengthen the scalability and resilience of its operating model to

support long-term growth and improved productivity across the Group. The bank’s objective is to deliver around 6%

operating leverage in 2028, enabled by a balanced combination of forward-looking investments and disciplined cost

management. Targeted € 1.5 billion of incremental investments, including technology, artificial intelligence and business-

led initiatives, are designed to unlock early efficiency gains while modernizing core platforms of the bank. These

investments are expected to be more than offset by at least € 2 billion in operating efficiencies, driven by front to back

process optimization, enhanced IT architecture and transformation across infrastructure functions. This approach supports

a sustained improvement in the cost/income ratio with a target below 60% by 2028, while maintaining cost discipline, with

expenses excluding business-led investments expected to rise only modestly.

45

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Post-tax return on average tangible equity is a Non-GAAP financial measure. Please refer to “Supplementary financial

information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP financial measures” of this report for the definitions of such measures and

reconciliations to the IFRS numbers on which they are based. With effect from the first quarter of 2026, Deutsche Bank

will discontinue the separate reporting of adjusted costs and nonoperating costs.

Deutsche Bank Business segments

Corporate Bank

Corporate Bank’s capabilities in Cash Management, Trade Finance and Lending, and Trust and Securities Services are intended to

enable the segment to serve the core needs of its clients. Corporate Bank helps clients optimize their working capital and liquidity,

secure global supply chains and distribution channels, and manage their risks, in close collaboration with Foreign Exchange within

the Investment Bank. Furthermore, Corporate Bank acts as a specialized provider of services to financial institutions, offering

Correspondent Banking and Trust and Securities Services. Corporate Bank combined its Trust and Agency Services and Securities

Services businesses into a new unified Trust and Securities Services organization in mid-2025. Finally, Deutsche Bank provides

Business Banking services to small corporate and entrepreneur clients in Germany through a standardized product suite.

In 2025, Corporate Bank continued to make progress on its strategic objectives, notably by growing net commission and fee

income across all regions, while interest hedging and strong deposit growth partly offset deposit margin normalization. Corporate

Bank was awarded “No. 1 Best Trade Finance Bank” by the FINANCE Banken-Survey and “World’s Best Corporate Trust Bank” by

the IJ Global Awards. Deutsche Bank believes that these awards recognize Corporate Bank’s deep client relationships and client-

centric solutions offering.

Corporate Bank’s strategy is anchored around focused growth, strict capital discipline and a scalable operating model, supporting

Deutsche Bank’s Scaling the Global Hausbank strategy. In line with the direction set out at the 2025 Investor Deep Dive,

Deutsche Bank expects meaningful expansion across its core client groups: corporates, institutions as well as small and

medium‑sized enterprises. The bank also aims to broaden its platforms and deliver tailored solutions that address clients’ strategic

requirements. Building on its strong leadership in Germany, Corporate Bank aims to deepen its position as the trusted partner to

the German and European economies, supported by fiscal expansion and strengthened collaboration across Deutsche Bank’s

business segments.

Corporate Treasury Services aims to further scale its platform across core products, enabling increased density and a greater

range of client offerings, while reallocating capital from sub-hurdle businesses. Institutional Client Services aims to grow its client

base in collaboration with the Investment Bank, increase penetration with an extended product offering, and win back U.S. dollar

market share in correspondent banking. Business Banking aims to grow its client base, especially gaining from digital sales and by

leveraging artificial intelligence and data-driven automated campaigning initiatives that enable more targeted outreach and

higher conversion rates.

As a transition partner, Deutsche Bank supports clients across sector value chains in achieving strategic goals, strengthening

competitiveness and resilience, and managing financial operations, while integrating sustainable finance capabilities into treasury

and financing activities. The bank continues to adapt its sector-aligned sustainable finance capabilities to meet evolving client

needs and to enable transition across business models, facilitating progress toward net-zero objectives by combining deep

industry knowledge with tailored financial solutions.

To support this ambition, Corporate Bank is building a scalable operating model that increases efficiency, enhances client delivery

and positions the business for sustainable growth. The segment is investing in technology‑enabled solutions, strengthened

payment capabilities and faster execution enabled by artificial intelligence and automation. These initiatives are complemented

by process redesign and platform integration to improve reliability, standardization and speed across the global franchise.

Corporate Bank aims to further leverage its extensive international network across more than 140 countries, combining global

reach with deep local expertise. This approach supports seamless delivery across Corporate and Institutional Cash Management,

Trade Finance & Lending, Trust & Securities Services and Business Banking. Through scalable technology deployment and

increased operational integration, Corporate Bank aims to enhance productivity, improve resilience and reinforce its competitive

differentiation in an evolving market environment.

Aligned with its strategic priorities, Corporate Bank remains committed to strict capital discipline and prudent risk management,

while maintaining high lending standards and preserve the quality of its loan portfolio. It plans to continue reallocating

risk‑weighted assets toward portfolios with stronger shareholder-value accretion and to increase balance‑sheet velocity through

expanded distribution‑led structuring and broader loan syndication. Through focused growth and a scalable platform across

Corporate Treasury Services, Institutional Client Services and Business Banking, Corporate Bank strengthens its contribution to

scaling the Global Hausbank and aims to deliver sustainable growth and disciplined returns for clients and shareholders.

46

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Investment Bank

The Investment Bank is made up of two principal businesses: Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC) and Investment Banking &

Capital Markets (IBCM). Across these businesses, corporate and institutional clients are offered a comprehensive range of

services encompassing financing, market making, risk-management solutions, advisory and debt and equity issuance. The

segment regionally encompasses Europe, Americas and APAC/MEA.

In 2025, the Investment Bank delivered a strong performance, with a revenue increase of 9% compared to 2024, a

materially increased return on equity and improved cost/income ratio. This performance reflects the execution of

strategic priorities, enhancing the service offering for clients and building on the franchise development over recent

years. During the year, Deutsche Bank was also named “World’s Best FX Bank” in the 2025 Euromoney FX Awards,

reaffirming the bank’s position as one of the leading banks in this market and demonstrating an enhanced offering to

clients.

The Investment Bank intends to concentrate on areas of competitive strength to drive focused revenue growth across

the segment. The segment is pursuing this through three complementary priorities.

One area of focus is to position IBCM to become a leading European franchise and build on German leadership and a

focused global offering, with the aim of strengthening IBCM’s position in core sectors and expanding Advisory and Equity

Capital Markets capabilities, while maintaining the strength of the Debt franchise. This includes deepening corporate

client relationships closely aligned with the Corporate Bank and lending, acquiring new clients to broaden industry

coverage, and investing in sector and product expertise. A key priority is developing Equity distribution capability to

support Equity Capital Markets growth.

In parallel, the segment expects to further invest in the FIC platform to reinforce its strong global position. In the

Americas, growth is expected to come from targeted investments in selected business lines, while capital allocation to

Financing should help offset spread compression, supported by initiatives to deepen client relationships.

Complementing these efforts, the strategy intends to further leverage the Global Hausbank by driving cross-business

collaboration with the Corporate Bank to complete coverage across advisory and risk management, the Private Bank, and

Asset Management, thereby unlocking opportunities in asset origination, distribution, and joint product development.

The segment aims to harness technology and artificial intelligence to transform client service and offerings in a

controlled environment. This is expected to be supported by technology investment over the next three years, delivering

solutions that enhance client experience through advanced data analytics and execution. The implementation of

artificial intelligence enabled automation and end-to-end process redesign should create efficiencies, enabling more

time for client engagement and maintaining a competitive cost/income ratio, while strengthening control frameworks to

ensure safe and sustainable scalability.

Capital is planned to be deployed selectively to support priority growth areas and to develop capital-light franchises

such as Advisory and Equity Capital Markets. The segment plans to align this disciplined utilization of capital with high-

return opportunities while leveraging the segment’s capabilities and investor network to distribute risk effectively.

Finally, the Investment Bank intends to optimize the relationship lending book and enhance client level value creation

through advanced analytics.

By combining focused growth in core franchises, a scalable technology driven operating model, and disciplined capital

deployment, the Investment Bank reinforces its role in scaling the Global Hausbank and is positioned to deliver

sustainable profitability. This strategy supports Deutsche Bank’s ambition to create long-term value for clients and

shareholders through 2028 and beyond.

47

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Private Bank

The Private Bank serves over 20 million clients across 60 markets worldwide. The Private Bank is organized into two client

sectors: Personal Banking and Wealth Management (formerly Wealth Management & Private Banking). In Germany,

Personal Banking leads the market with around 18 million clients and operates through two main, complementary retail

brands: Deutsche Bank as the Hausbank for financial advice and Postbank as a digital-first provider for everyday banking.

In addition, norisbank offers a fully digital banking proposition, while BHW specializes in home-finance solutions. In Italy,

Spain and India, Personal Banking supports retail and emerging affluent clients, acting as a feeder into Wealth

Management. In Germany and across international markets, Wealth Management delivers the Global Hausbank

proposition to high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth individuals and their family offices, while also serving affluent

clients in Europe.

In 2025, Personal Banking made significant progress in its transformation journey toward a digital-first, omni-channel

business model by right-sizing the physical sales network, investing in modern branch formats, upgrading remote

advisory, and accelerating the roll-out of digital and mobile services. A major milestone was the migration of Deutsche

Bank’s and norisbank's online, mobile, and telephone banking services to the cloud, enabling faster deployment of new

digital features. These upgrades strengthened client engagement across digital channels while also supporting

successful deposit campaigns.

In Wealth Management, revenues grew across both home and international markets, with robust asset gathering in

investment solutions, particularly in discretionary portfolio mandates. The franchise also expanded its alternative-

investment offering, supported by the launch of a new private markets fund in collaboration with DWS and Partners

Group, a Swiss-based alternative asset manager. Commercial momentum with entrepreneurs and family-office clients

remained strong, reinforced by deeper One-Bank collaboration with the Corporate Bank, the Investment Bank and DWS.

The evolution of the Wealth Management proposition was also recognized in the industry, earning 15 Euromoney ‘Best

Private Bank’ awards in 2025, including ‘Best Bank for Entrepreneurs’ for the third consecutive year, alongside regional

and market-specific accolades.

Private Bank has outlined its ambitions for 2028 to enhance shareholder value through focused growth, strict capital

discipline and a more scalable operating model.

Focused growth remains central to both client sectors. In Personal Banking, the deposit offering and new account

models are positioned as an entry point for prospective clients, while discretionary investments and pension solutions

aim to evolve customer relationships into long-term engagements. Omni-channel interaction and advisory, enriched by

artificial-intelligence-driven insights, are expected to further elevate client experience. In Wealth Management, the

priority is to grow client assets by expanding in core markets and deepening relationships with ultra-high-net-worth

individuals, family offices and family entrepreneurs. This ambition is supported by strategic hiring, strengthened lending

capabilities and an expanded suite of investment solutions.

To reinforce strict capital discipline, Personal Banking plans to free up capital through securitizations of retail loans and

the optimization of portfolios that do not meet targets for shareholder-value accretion. The released capital is expected

to be redeployed to self‑fund growth in Wealth Management and to accelerate investments in strategic initiatives.

Private Bank aims to streamline and scale its operating model by simplifying products, processes and IT. The plan

includes consolidating legacy infrastructure into modern, cloud‑based core banking platforms and deploying agentic

artificial intelligence to automate front‑to‑back workflows. In Personal Banking, the business is further optimizing its

sales network by reshaping the branch footprint in line with customer preferences and advancing efficiency initiatives to

support a more scalable, digitally enabled service model. Wealth Management expects to capture artificial-intelligence-

driven process and platform efficiencies across booking centers, while maintaining cost discipline and delivering a

globally consistent client experience.

Through focused growth, strict capital discipline, and a scalable operating model, the Private Bank is laying the

foundation for its long-term evolution to strengthen its overall contribution to the Global Hausbank.

48

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Business Strategy

Asset Management

Deutsche Bank’s Asset Management segment comprises the consolidated results of its 79.5%-owned, listed affiliate

DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA (DWS). The segment advanced Deutsche Bank’s strategy by executing on its four

strategic pillars Growth, Value, Build and Reduce in 2025. At the same time, the segment prepared to apply the three

levers of focused growth, strict capital discipline and a scalable operating model by 2028.

In Growth, the Passive franchise, represented by the Xtrackers brand, expanded in Europe and the U.S. with sustainable,

thematic and actively managed ETFs, and Alternatives gained momentum in infrastructure and private markets. The

European Long-Term Investment Fund (ELTIF) launched by DWS, Deutsche Bank and Partners Group broadened access

for investors across private equity, private credit, real estate and infrastructure, reinforcing the franchise’s strength in this

area.

In Value, Asset Management delivered mature active strategies across equity and fixed income and continued to scale

multi-asset solutions, focusing on resilient offerings for institutional clients and the growing importance of pensions,

investment advisory and outsourced Chief Investment Officer (CIO) services.

In Build, the business advanced digitalization by developing embedded investment solutions and digital assets,

establishing an Application Programming Interface (API)-driven ecosystem with distribution partners, and progressing

AllUnity’s launch of a regulated euro-denominated stablecoin.

In Reduce, capital and resources were reallocated from lower-return or sub-scale products to priority areas, supported

by fund transfers, mergers and closures, enabling self-funded growth.

By 2028, Asset Management aims to support scaling the Global Hausbank by concentrating on focused growth on five

priorities, strict capital discipline and a more scalable operating model.

As Gateway to Europe, Asset Management intends to accelerate infrastructure investments and expand private credit

with the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank, and aims to widen distribution through selective regional expansion

and the joint development of innovative products and digital investment solutions with the Private Bank.

Top 5 in Top 5 aims to build on the market leadership in Germany, enhance the strategic partnership in China with

Harvest Fund Management and start collaborations with local players to establish scalable positions in the five largest

global economies. Xtrackers benefits from its strong European footprint and thematic product demand in Asia/Pacific

and the U.S., while the solutions franchise expands in the institutional channel, including third party insurance mandates.

Future of Finance is expected to advance embedded investment via an API ecosystem, develop digital-asset services

including stablecoins and on-chain products, and apply artificial intelligence to portfolio construction, risk insights and

operations.

Under Bullish Germany and Global Hausbank, Asset Management expects to capture home-market opportunities in

Germany and leverage Deutsche Bank’s value chain across origination, structuring and distribution.

Asset Management maintains strict capital discipline by reallocating resources toward high‑return opportunities,

streamlining its product shelf and operating model, and advancing efficiency through talent optimization, automation,

AI, and near‑shoring, thereby driving scalable growth for the Global Hausbank and supporting improved earnings and

cost efficiency.

The scalable operating model is designed to convert growth into earnings with discipline. Asset Management continues

its strategy to optimize the platform, near-shore and internalize key functions, build enabling teams and make targeted

hires in Alternatives, while broadening the Xtrackers platform and investing in data and digital capabilities. The approach

is to limit additional costs despite growth so operating leverage improves the cost and income profile through 2028.

49

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

The competitive environment

Geopolitical developments regarding the war in Ukraine continued to influence the economic environment and risk

perception, as did developments in the Middle East. In addition, U.S. administration trade policy caused market volatility

and affected trade flows throughout 2025.

The global economy maintained a steady growth momentum of 3.4%. In particular, trade policy compromises between

the U.S. and its trading partners, along with various tariff reductions, notably dampened trade policy uncertainty.

Inflation decelerated to 3.4%, supporting private consumption and allowing some central banks to implement further

interest rate cuts.

Developed economies benefited from the trade compromises and reduced uncertainty. Economic momentum varied

regionally in 2025, resulting in overall GDP growth of 1.7%. Inflation eased gradually to 2.6%. Some central banks further

lowered their key interest rates from previously restrictive levels.

Emerging markets showed greater resilience than expected despite negative growth and trade shocks from U.S. tariffs.

Emerging Markets maintained GDP growth of 4.4% in 2025. Central banks gained space to cut rates due to lower

inflation of 3.9% and reduced dollar strength. Additionally, improved fiscal impulses from external sources and lower

energy prices provided further support.

Despite external trade headwinds, the Eurozone economy showed robust growth of 1.4%, thanks to resilient domestic

demand. Nevertheless, GDP growth rates varied regionally. Inflation trended downwards to an annual average of 2.1%,

almost reaching the European Central Bank's 2% target. Therefore, the ECB was in a position to leave its deposit rate

unchanged at a neutral level in the second half of the year.

Germany's GDP almost stagnated, growing by a mere 0.2% in 2025. The economy continued to struggle with competitive

disadvantages in foreign trade. Despite initial positive impulses from the now expansionary fiscal policy, domestic

demand also lacked momentum. Inflation eased to 2.2%, supporting private consumption to a certain degree; yet

sentiment remained weak. The cooling of the robust labor market has slowed.

U.S. GDP growth slowed to 2.0% in 2025. The shutdown of the federal government adversely affected economic activity

in the second half of the year. However, AI-related investments supported growth. Reduced food import tariffs eased

some inflationary pressure. Consumer price inflation decelerated gradually to 2.8%. Labor market risks likely prompted

the Federal Reserve to further cut its key interest rate despite above-target inflation.

The impact of U.S. tariffs on the Japanese economy was limited. GDP growth accelerated to 1.4% in 2025. Business

sentiment remained robust. An increase in real employee compensation supported consumption recovery. Inflation

remained elevated at 3.2%, driven by rising food prices. Therefore, the Bank of Japan tightened its monetary policy.

Asian economies grew by an average of 5.4% in 2025. GDP momentum benefited primarily from strong growth in India, in

addition to impulses from China. Inflation decreased noticeably to 0.9%, which supported private consumption and

allowed some central banks to implement further interest rate cuts.

China reached its GDP growth target of 5.0% in 2025, though momentum slowed throughout the year. This was largely

due to policy efforts addressing overcapacity and excessive competition. The government's efforts to boost consumer

durable goods purchases through trade-in subsidies had a diminishing effect. Inflation decelerated somewhat to 0%.

50

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

2026 Outlook

Statements in this section are based on Deutsche Bank's expectations regarding future economic developments in 2026,

and may not materialize. The outlook for the global economy in the following section reflects Deutsche Bank Research’s

general expectations regarding future economic developments. Economic assumptions the Group used in the bank’s

models are laid out separately in the respective sections.

Global growth is projected to slow to 3.3% in 2026, mainly due to an expected deceleration in emerging market

economies. Nevertheless, a reduction in trade-related uncertainties, increased investments in AI, and expanded

government spending in Europe are anticipated to boost GDP growth in developed countries. Global inflation is forecast

to remain stable at 3.3%.

Developed economies are likely to benefit from the easing of global trade tensions and maintain GDP growth of 1.9%.

Moreover, receding inflation to 2.2% could pave the way for further interest rate cuts by several central banks. While

some countries are fiscally consolidating, German fiscal policy will be expansive.

Growth momentum in emerging markets will likely fade to 4.2% given Asia's expected slowdown, while Europe

anticipates a slight pickup in GDP growth. Inflation should ease in Europe and Latin America, but rise in Asia, resulting in

an average of 4.0% in 2026. Lower inflation and a weaker USD should provide central banks with some scope to cut

interest rates.

In the Eurozone, German government spending on defense and infrastructure is expected to boost the economy.

However, only a moderate start to the year is expected to curb GDP growth momentum to 1.1% annually. At 1.7%,

headline inflation is likely to be below the ECB’s target of 2%. The ECB is expected to hold its key interest rates

unchanged in 2026.

Driven by expansionary fiscal policy, the German economy is expected to recover markedly and grow by 1.5%.

Government spending should also generate a "crowding-in" effect on private investment. However, exporters likely still

face headwinds from higher trade barriers and competition. Cooling in the labor market is likely to end as economic

momentum picks up. Private consumption is expected to gain momentum as inflation eases to 2.0%.

In the U.S., growth momentum should accelerate to 2.9%, driven by supportive financial conditions, tax relief, and

reduced trade policy uncertainty. Moreover, AI-related investments are expected to provide further impetus. The labor

market is likely to stabilize. Despite elevated inflation, the Federal Reserve is expected to cut its policy rate at least to a

neutral level due to labor market risks.

The Japanese economy is expected to maintain a moderate GDP growth rate of 0.9% in 2026. While the impact of U.S.

tariff policy on Japan is anticipated to be limited, rising wages and decelerating inflation are likely to support household

consumption. Headline inflation is expected to ease to 1.9%. The Bank of Japan is likely to implement a further interest

rate hike.

The Asian economy is expected to grow by 4.9% in 2026. Even with an anticipated deceleration in China and India,

growth momentum is likely to stay robust in the region. Easing trade tensions should offer continued support to

economic activity. An inflation rate of 2.2% and a softer USD are expected to provide central banks with some scope for

easing their monetary policy.

In China, GDP growth is likely to slow somewhat to 4.5% as "anti-involution policies" dampen overcapacity and

investment in machinery and equipment. Nevertheless, fiscal and monetary policies are expected to remain supportive.

The slow recovery of the real estate market remains a headwind for private consumption. Inflation is expected to pick up

to 1.5%.

There are a number of risks to the bank’s global economic outlook. From a trade policy perspective, tensions could

reignite, especially along strategically important supply chains, particularly between China and the U.S. geopolitical risks

remain elevated in various regions, for example, in Ukraine, Asia, and the Middle East. Financial market valuations

surrounding the progress of artificial intelligence and associated infrastructures could potentially be sources of market

volatility. Furthermore, high government debt ratios could, alongside questionable policy measures for consolidation,

lead to fluctuations in bond yields.

51

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

Competitor landscape

Statements in this section are based on Deutsche Bank's expectations regarding future economic and industry

developments in 2026, and may not materialize. The industry outlook is based on Deutsche Bank Research’s general

assessments. The Group’s economic assumptions are described separately in the relevant sections.

Deutsche Bank competes in the financial services sector with a wide variety of competitors including other universal

banks, commercial banks, savings banks and other public sector banks, broker dealers, investment banking firms, asset

management firms, private banks, investment advisors, payments services providers, financial technology firms and

insurance companies. Some of the competitors are global like Deutsche Bank, while others have a regional, product or

niche client footprint. Deutsche Bank competes on a number of factors, including the quality of client relationships,

transaction execution, products and services, innovation, reputation and price.

In 2025, the strong performance of the European banking industry continued. Despite of lower interest rates, banks were

able to limit the pressure on net interest income, while strengthening non-interest income at the same time. Loan

volumes with the private sector in the Euro area picked up moderately, with more momentum in mortgages due to lower

rates than in corporate lending which in some countries such as Germany still struggled due to a weak macro economy.

Credit standards and loan demand were largely flat following the previous tightening in standards and decline in loan

demand. Surging demand for mortgages was the main exception. A benign capital markets environment provided

tailwinds for fee and commission income. Corporate finance revenues globally rose across the board, led by mergers &

acquisitions and equity capital markets. Trading volumes also improved, particularly for U.S. equities, not least because

of unusual geopolitical and economic policy uncertainty. With asset quality remaining sound and administrative

expenses contained, profitability stayed close to post-financial crisis highs. Capital ratios were broadly flat at record

levels, despite banks returning significant capital to shareholders via dividends and share buybacks.

The global banking industry is expected to continue to operate in a relatively favorable environment during 2026. While

economic growth may remain similar to 2025, it is likely to shift slightly between regions. Interest rates may slightly

decrease in the U.S., but are expected to stay unchanged in the Euro area, thus maintaining overall supportive conditions

for banks’ net interest income. Fee and commission income in investment banking and asset management could benefit

from a benign capital markets performance with contained volatility as economic policy uncertainty is expected to

decline from elevated levels in 2025. Asset quality may stay largely resilient, resulting in profitability remaining strong.

This should allow banks to continue returning significant capital to shareholders. On the back of robust earnings and

higher stock market valuations, bank merger & acquisition activity in selected markets will probably continue, especially

among smaller and mid-tier institutions. Meanwhile, ongoing geopolitical fragmentation poses downside risks for

international trade, growth and financial markets, simultaneously raising demand for banks’ hedging and advisory

services. Strong growth in private credit markets, foremost in the U.S., constitutes an opportunity for banks to extend

credit, while also intensifying competition and triggering financial stability concerns. Increasing adoption of artificial

intelligence might allow for efficiency gains and cost savings, but likewise requires considerable investments, strict

supervision and monitoring of possibly evolving implications, including for financial stability.

European banks are likely to see a moderate acceleration in demand for credit, both from corporates as economic growth

improves as well as from households as lower interest rates bolster the mortgage business. Surging defense spending by

governments may translate into tailwinds for European banks. The effect may be particularly pronounced in Germany

due to broader domestic fiscal expansion. Securing a level playing field in regulation compared to global and especially

U.S. peers will become increasingly important for EU banks as trends diverge (i.e., the U.S. are set for deregulation across

a broad range of areas, whereas prudential requirements in Europe are expected to rise over the coming years). Progress

on the EU’s Savings and Investments Union might support capital market integration and performance. A sustainable end

to Russia’s war against Ukraine would offer upside potential for the economy and financial markets, and therefore also

benefit the banking industry.

U.S. banks should benefit from a pickup in credit demand, lower cost of risk and lower unrealized losses on bond holdings

if economic growth edges higher and interest rates fall as expected. Even more beneficial in the longer term could be a

reduction in capital requirements currently being discussed by regulators. This might strengthen U.S. banks’ competitive

position particularly abroad, in corporate as well as investment banking. At the same time, domestic competition from

non-bank financial institutions such as private equity, asset management firms or crypto providers could intensify. Bank

performance in 2026 will also depend on whether recent capital market momentum persists.

Banks in China remain under pressure from slowing economic growth and deflationary pressures which should lessen

somewhat in 2026. Interest rates are likely to stay low, keeping a lid on banks’ net interest margin. Banks in Japan will

probably face a mixed environment: slowing economic expansion may hold back revenue growth, whereas rising interest

rates could offset the impact. In addition, Japanese banks could benefit from their significant U.S. exposure, if U.S.

growth were to pick up and regulation is loosened.

52

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

In Deutsche Bank’s home market Germany, the retail banking market remains fragmented, and the competitive

environment is influenced by the three-pillar system of private banks, public banks and cooperative banks. In recent

years, competitive intensity remained elevated, particularly due to increased activity levels from foreign players and

digital-only actors such as digital banks, including new or recent entrants.

Looking at the wider banking ecosystem, the evolution of financial technology firms remains as much an opportunity as a

challenge for banks. While Deutsche Bank sees the risk of banking disruption primarily through big technology

companies and in select product areas, particularly the unregulated segments, many banks have also taken the

opportunity to partner with financial technology firms and leverage their solutions, including in the field of artificial

intelligence, to become more efficient and/or develop differentiated delivery channels for end clients. In addition,

private credit firms are increasingly becoming competitors for banks, especially in the U.S. market.

Regulatory environment

Various new legislative and regulatory proposals were issued in recent years, covering topics such as regulatory capital,

liquidity, resolution planning, central bank digital currencies and digital assets.

Capital, liquidity and leverage requirements: During 2025, the EU started the application of the comprehensive package

of reforms with respect to European Union banking rules which implement the Final Basel III set of global reforms,

changing how banks calculate their Risk Weighted Assets. The package amended the EU Capital Requirements

Regulation (CRR) and the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD).

The amendments of the CRR and CRD (commonly referred to as "CRR 3" and "CRD 6") include, among other things, a

gradually introduced output floor establishing minimum risk-weighted assets that will ultimately be set at 72.5% of the

risk-weighted assets calculated under the standardized approach, changes to standardized and internal ratings-based

approaches for determining credit risk, changes to the credit valuation adjustment, a revision of the approaches for

operational risks and reforms to the market risk framework as set out in the Fundamental Review of the Trading Book

(FRTB), adjustments to the Pillar 2 requirements (P2R) and the Systemic Risk Buffer (SyRB) and a “fit-and-proper” set of

rules for the senior staff managing banks. Other measures are aimed at addressing sustainability risks by requiring banks

to identify, disclose and manage environmental, social and governance risks as part of their risk management framework

and include regular climate stress testing by the banks’ supervisors. The implementation of the changes to CRR and CRD

has the potential to increase Deutsche Bank’s risk-weighted assets and will likely affect its business by raising its

regulatory capital and liquidity requirements and by leading to increased costs.

In connection with the Final Basel III package, the European Commission adopted in 2025 a Delegated Regulation

postponing the application of certain elements of the CRR 3 related to the market risk framework by one more year to

January 2027 and consulted on the way forward after January 2027. This was in order to ensure a level playing field for

these rules, given that other major jurisdictions would apply them later or were not clear about their implementation

timeline.

On the back of the CRR 3 and CRD 6 finalization and as empowered therein, the EBA continued to work on technical

elements through regulatory standards and guidance (regulatory products), by issuing consultations and, in some

instances, final regulatory products. These regulatory products have the potential to increase Deutsche Bank’s risk-

weighted assets and will likely affect its business by raising its regulatory capital and liquidity requirements, increasing

costs or impacting other parts of the business.

In parallel, the UK Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) delayed the implementation of its package implementing the

Final Basel III reforms, known as Basel 3.1. until January 2027, and consulted on the way forward in particular for FRTB.

The European Commission also issued a legislative proposal with changes in the regulatory requirements for

securitizations of EU banks, including changes in the CRR and Securitization Regulation (SecReg). These changes have

the potential to change the regulatory treatment Deutsche Bank applies to its securitization business. The package is

now under negotiation by the EU co-legislators.

In 2025, the U.S. banking regulators have publicly stated they are undertaking a comprehensive review of the regulatory

and supervisory frameworks applicable to U.S. banks, bank holding companies and intermediate holding companies. The

U.S. banking regulators are actively considering changes to the regulatory capital rules to implement revisions to Basel III

finalized by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the “Basel Committee”) in 2017. The future of any such

revisions is highly uncertain. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has issued proposals to enhance the transparency,

accountability and predictability of its supervisory stress testing framework.

53

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision made several announcements and consulted on several topics, including

banks’ management of Counterparty Credit Risk (CCR). The final rules, if implemented by the bank’s supervisors, have

the potential to change the procedures around Deutsche Bank’s CCR management.

Central Clearing Counterparties (CCPs): A regulation amending the European Market Infrastructure Regulation and an

amending Directive (EMIR 3.0 package) came into force end of 2024 bringing changes to derivatives clearing thresholds,

reporting and transparency requirements and introducing a requirement for financial and non-financial counterparties to

open an active account at an EU CCP for certain derivative instruments and to clear a set number of representative

trades. Throughout 2025, European legislative authorities have consulted upon and progressed the development of

various level 2 technical standards relating to requirements introduced by EMIR 3.0, including technical standards on the

active account requirement which was adopted by the European Commission in October 2025 and was published in the

Official Journal of the EU and the European Union on February 6, 2026 and enters into force on February 20, 2026, i.e.

twenty days after the publication.

In terms of equivalence and recognition determinations for third country CCPs, the European Securities and Markets

Authority (ESMA) and the Reserve Bank of India have signed an updated Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on

January 27, 2026, which opens the procedure for Indian CCPs to be re-recognised by ESMA. Deutsche Bank expects this

process to be finalized over the next few months. Until then, the BaFin continues to allow German credit institutions

including Deutsche Bank the possibility to remain members of six Indian CCPs. In January 2025, the European

Commission extended time-limited equivalence for U.K. CCPs for an additional period of three years until June 30, 2028.

Savings and Investments Union: The European Commission published its strategy for the Savings and Investments Union

(SIU) on March 19, 2025, setting out the Commission’s priorities for the ongoing development of the EU’s capital markets

and banking sector, including its intention to encourage wider participation in investment products. Notably, the

Commission adopted a legislative package in December 2025 aimed at reforming aspects of EU financial market

supervision, facilitating innovation in the EU’s financial markets (including the use of distributed ledger technology), and

reducing obstacles to market integration such as those affecting the cross border distribution of investment funds

throughout the EU. The package will be scrutinized by the Council of the EU and the European Parliament throughout

2026.

Benchmarks: The European Commission’s legislative reform to the scope of the EU Benchmarks Regulation was

published in the Official Journal of the EU on May 19, 2025 and entered into force on June 8, 2025. Applying from

January 1, 2026, the scope of the original Benchmarks Regulation has been reduced to primarily concern so-called

‘critical’ or ‘significant’ benchmarks as well as EU Climate Transition and EU Paris-aligned benchmarks and certain

commodity benchmarks, with many non-significant benchmarks now excluded from the scope of the regulation.

Digital Transformation: Several jurisdictions progressed initiatives in 2025 to both address risks and capitalize on the

benefits associated with the digitalization of financial services and address the growing dependence on so-called critical

third parties. Work in this area is expected to continue with a focus on data protection, open data access, payment

innovation, e-privacy, cybersecurity, fraud prevention, operational resilience and capital treatment of crypto assets.

As of January 2025, EU financial entities are required to have in place enhanced governance and risk management

requirements in respect of ICT risks apply to EU financial entities under the EU’s Digital Operational Resilience Act

(DORA), and as of 2026 certain ‘designated critical ICT third-party service providers’ are subject to the direct supervision

and oversight of the European Supervisory Authorities.

The MiCA Regulation has been fully applicable since December 2024, and various guidance publications, Regulatory

Technical Standards and Implementing Technical Standards to supplement certain governance and compliance

requirements in the MiCA Regulation have been published by the EBA and ESMA throughout 2025.

The Data Act as a horizontal set of rules on data access and use that respects the protection of fundamental rights was

published in December 2023 and became fully applicable in September 2025, complementing the Data Governance Act

as part of the European data strategy. It aims to deliver wide-ranging benefits for the European economy and society by

encouraging data-driven innovation. It lays the foundation for so-called sectoral data spaces and data-sharing

agreements and introduces rules for switching of cloud service providers.

Specific to the financial sector, the European Commission published a proposal for Financial Data Access legislation

(FiDA) in June 2023. Building on lessons learned from the EU’s Second Payment Services Directive, FiDA seeks to

introduce mandatory data-sharing obligations among financial institutions across a broad range of financial products and

accounts, including investments, savings, loans and insurance. The proposed scope is not limited to account and

transaction data, but also covers customer onboarding information with the aim of facilitating comparability,

competition and switching of providers. The Council reached an agreement on the European Commission’s proposal in

December 2024. Trilogue negotiations with the European Parliament started in April 2025 and formal adoption of the

FiDA legislation is expected in the first half of 2026.

54

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

The European AI Act was published in July 2024 and initial provisions for prohibited AI use cases became applicable on

February 2, 2025, and the remainder of the requirements will become applicable on August 2, 2026. In the U.S. the

Trump Administration published an AI Action Plan in July 2025 detailing its strategy for creating a reg-lite environment

to foster rapid AI development and deployment. A key focus of this strategy is restricting the ability of individual States

to impose burdensome AI regulations. In December 2025 the Administration issued an Executive Order calling for the

development of a federal AI reporting and disclosure framework that would also pre-empt any conflicting state laws.

This Order also directs the Attorney General to form a task force to identify restrictive AI laws and commence litigation to

block their enforcement. The SEC has also withdrawn its proposal that would have required investment advisers to

disclose conflicts of interest relating to AI-related technologies.

In March 2024, the final Instant Payments Regulation was published to make instant payments in Euro available to all

citizens and businesses. This regulation will become applicable in a staggered approach, starting with the initial

obligation for banks and payment service providers to be able to receive instant payments in euros which became

applicable in January 2025, followed by the obligation for banks and payment service providers to be able to send

instant payments and comply with the mandatory “verification of payee” service for incoming instant credit transfers

became applicable on October 9, 2025. Later stages of applicability extend these obligations to payments service

providers outside the Euro area that offer euro-denominated payment services. Furthermore, in November 2025, the EU

Parliament and Council reached an agreement on further changes to the EU’s payment services legislative framework

proposed as part of the third EU Payment Services Directive and a new Payment Services Regulation, focusing on the

prevention of and liability for fraud. Formal adoption of the legislative acts is still outstanding.

In addition, the European political and regulatory landscape continues to be driven by a desire to increase “digital

sovereignty”. This goal translates into active support for European initiatives in the field of digital identities and cloud

services, while at the same time it leads to greater scrutiny of non-European technologies and respective providers,

including calls for on-shoring of data and services.

The ECB is pursuing the possible issuance of the digital euro as a new form of digital central bank money (CBDC) to the

wider public. The ECB, in close cooperation with the digital euro scheme's Rulebook Development Group (RDG) is

advancing technical work to establish a rulebook for the digital euro and continuing to support the legislative process for

the introduction of the digital euro. The ECB estimates that if EU lawmakers adopt the legal framework for the digital

euro as a legal tender together with a proposed legal framework clarifying the role of euro banknotes and coins as a legal

tender and their interplay with the digital euro, the digital euro could be issued during 2029. Given that these legislative

uncertainties are ongoing, it is challenging to assess the actual impact of the digital euro on banks. The Bank of England

and the U.K. government continue to explore the feasibility for a digital pound, with the project now in its ‘design phase’

but with no final decision on whether to issue a digital pound yet made. In January 2025, President Trump signed an

executive order prohibiting federal agencies in the United States from undertaking action to establish or promote the use

of CBDCs.

Work by U.K. and U.S. authorities focused on cloud services and the role of critical third-party service providers that are

not regulated financial entities, but whose service provision is critical to the functioning of the financial market. In

November 2024, the UK FCA and the Bank of England (BoE) published a final oversight framework for critical third

parties which took effect from January 2025 with an initial step to assign the designation status of critical third parties. In

June 2023, the U.S. banking regulators jointly issued supervisory guidance related to third-party risk management

practices for banking organizations.

In October 2024, the U.S. Treasury Department issued a final rule implementing Executive Order 14105 by prohibiting or

requiring notification of certain outbound U.S. investments to China (including Hong Kong and Macau) in

semiconductors, quantum computing technology, and AI. The final rule came into effect on January 2, 2025, and

includes (1) prohibitions on certain investments made by U.S. persons and their controlled foreign entities in the Chinese

semiconductor, microelectronic, quantum information technology, and artificial intelligence sectors; and (2)

requirements for U.S. persons to notify Treasury of certain other investments in these sectors. In December 2025,

Congress codified and expanded Treasury’s outbound investment framework as part of the 2026 National Defense

Authorization Act (NDAA). Specifically, the law requires expansion of the framework to include i) Russia, Iran, Venezuela

(under the Maduro regime). North Korea, and Cuba and ii) super-computing and hypersonic systems. Treasury has 450

days after enactment of the NDAA (until the first quarter of 2027) to implement these changes, and additional updates

and clarifications are likely.

Changes in federal law as well as regulatory and supervisory posture are expected to continue in the United States,

including with respect to digital assets. In July 2025, the President’s Working Group on Digital Asset Markets published a

report providing recommendations for legislation and regulation to facilitate innovation related to digital assets in the

United States. In July 2025, President Trump signed the GENIUS Act into law, which provides a statutory framework for

the regulation of payment stablecoins. The U.S. Congress is also considering legislation to provide jurisdictional clarity

related to the regulation of digital assets in the United States.

55

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

Anti-Money Laundering and Other Financial Crime: The new EU anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the

financing of terrorism (CFT) legislative package (referred to as the AML/CFT Package) entered into force (applicable from

July 10, 2027). The AML/CFT Package contains a regulation on AML/CFT establishing directly applicable rules (AML

Regulation), a sixth directive on AML/CFT, a regulation establishing the EU AML/CFT Authority (AMLA). One key element

of the AML/CFT Package is the establishment of an integrated European AML supervisory mechanism closely involving

national supervisors and the newly established AMLA as well as the creation of a unified AML/CFT regulatory framework

which includes directly applicable AML/CFT rules and requirements throughout the EU (single EU rulebook). The single

rulebook expands the list of obliged entities and includes harmonized, more detailed and granular rules for requirements

such as customer due diligence, beneficial ownership, and AML/CFT risk management.

Climate change, environmental and social issues

2025 saw a continuation in the global development of sustainability-related regulation, some of which will become

applicable to Deutsche Bank from 2026 onwards. Key themes over the course of the year included ongoing

conversations surrounding supply chain due diligence legislation, deforestation guidelines, a proposed Omnibus

simplification proposal to ensure more streamlined and transparent reporting standards, as well as a proposed reworking

of the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation 2.0 (SFDR).

ESG ratings proposals and reporting requirements: The EU ESG Ratings Regulation was published in the Official Journal

of the European Union in December 2024 and will apply from July 2, 2026. In the U.K., the FCA is preparing to implement

a new regulatory framework for ESG ratings, which is expected to take effect on June 29, 2028. This initiative follows the

release of draft legislation in October 2025, designed to bring ESG ratings under FCA supervision. On December 1, 2025,

the FCA published a consultation paper outlining proposed rules and guidance for ESG ratings providers. The

consultation will remain open until March 31, 2026, with final rules anticipated in the fourth quarter of 2026.

The German Act Against Unfair Competition (UWG) and the EU Empowering Consumers for the Green Transition

Directive (EmpCo) play an increasingly significant role in shaping ESG claims. The UWG already prohibits misleading

commercial practices. Upon transposition of EmpCo, the German “blacklist” (implementing the Annex to the Unfair

Commercial Practices Directive) will be expanded to include additional practices. Specifically, “generic environmental

claims" (e.g. “climate neutral” or “eco‑friendly”) are prohibited in principle unless they are appropriately specified and

substantiated. Also, the use of sustainability labels, which are not based on a public authority scheme or a third party

certification system will be restricted. Furthermore, product-related climate claims implying a neutral/reduced/positive

greenhouse gas impact will be prohibited where they rely on compensation/offsetting outside the product's value chain.

At the EU level, EmpCo forms part of the EU's anti-greenwashing framework and must be transposed into national law

from March 27, 2026, with application from September 27, 2026. In Germany, the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive-

related changes are expected to be implemented primarily through amendments to the UWG (including its Annex), while

the Consumer Rights Directive related information duties will require changes in parallel consumer information rules.

Overall, companies should expect heightened scrutiny; environmental and sustainability‑related claims should be clear,

specific, and supported by robust, verifiable evidence to avoid giving misleading impressions and triggering related legal

challenges. Enforcement under the UWG will follow national mechanisms (e.g. via complaints brought by competitors or

associations).

56

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	The competitive environment

ESG Reporting Requirements: 2025 saw firms implementing the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and

its associated European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), which extended reporting requirements for

corporates and banks. Provided that the CSRD has been transposed into the respective national laws in line with the

initial implementation deadline in 2024, companies previously subject to the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD),

were required to report for the first time under ESRS for the financial year 2024, with a first Sustainability Statement to

be published in 2025. The so-called Stop-the-Clock Directive adopted in April 2025, among other things, postponed by

two years the entry into application of the CSRD requirements for large companies that had not yet started reporting as

well as listed SMEs. Although Germany has further postponed the adoption of the CSRD implementing law pending the

adoption of the so-called Omnibus Package, which is meant, among other things, to simplify sustainability reporting

requirements and significantly increase the thresholds for companies falling within the scope of the CSRD, the bank

voluntarily applied ESRS as reporting framework for the Sustainability Statement in 2025. Should the Omnibus Package

be adopted in the form of the provisional agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Council of the

EU in December 2025, only companies with more than 1,000 employees on average during the fiscal year and annual net

turnover of more than € 450 million would be subject to a streamlined sustainability reporting regime from 2028

(reporting on fiscal year 2027). Member states would have the option to exempt from the reporting requirements for the

fiscal years 2025 and 2026 companies that had to start reporting for fiscal year 2024 and will no longer be in scope

under the revised CSRD.

In the U.S., the California Air Resources Board (CARB) published two climate-related reporting regulations: SB 253

(Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act) and SB 261 (Climate-Related Financial Risk Act), which require both public

and private U.S.-based companies (including U.S. subsidiaries of non-U.S. companies) that do business in California to

publish and submit climate-related financial risk reports with the CARB and report greenhouse gas emissions data in

2026. However, in response to an injunction granted by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the ongoing litigation

against SB 261 and SB 253, CARB confirmed on December 1, 2025 that it would not take enforcement action against

any entity that does not post and submit a climate-related financial risk report pursuant to SB 261 by the January 1, 2026

statutory deadline. The injunction does not affect SB253 and hence, the CARB proposed deadline of August 10, 2026 for

compliance with this Act remains intact.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted rules that would have required U.S. listed companies (such as Deutsche Bank) to provide

certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. These rules have now been

stayed by the SEC pending the outcome of ongoing litigation, which the SEC has declined to defend. However, bills

proposed or adopted by the legislatures of certain U.S. states may still impose disclosure or other sustainability

requirements.

Environmental legislation: The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) initially issued in June 2023 will begin applying to

certain companies in 2026. EUDR requires companies trading in cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya and wood -

and products derived from these commodities (e.g., meat products, leather, chocolate, glycerol, soybeans, wood and

products such as books) to conduct extensive due diligence on the value chain. On December 23, 2024, a regulation

amending EUDR to introduce a 12-month delay in implementation of the Deforestation regulation, which was scheduled

to apply from December 30, 2024, was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. On December 23, 2025,

another regulation revising EUDR, introducing a one-year postponement for medium/large companies to December

2026 and micro/small companies to June 30, 2027 was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. The

European Commission is expected to review the administrative burden by April 30, 2026.

Sustainability Due-Diligence: At an EU level, the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) was

provisionally agreed by the Member States and the European Parliament in December 2023 and finalized in July 2024.

The CSDDD outlines obligations for corporations to identify, mitigate, minimize and prevent adverse impacts on the

environment and human rights for their business chain of activities. Should the Omnibus Package be adopted in the form

of the provisional agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Council of the EU in December 2025,

the CSDDD would have to be implemented into national law by EU member states by July 26, 2028 and would be

applicable to companies in scope from July 2029. Only companies with more than 5,000 employees on average during

the fiscal year and an annual net turnover exceeding € 1.5 billion would fall under the CSDDD. The due diligence

obligations under the revised CSDDD would be significantly cut back, including the obligation to adopt a climate

transition plan.

In Germany, the starting date for reporting under Supply Chain Due Diligence Act (SCDDA) or

Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz "LkSG"), which has been in force since January 1, 2023, was pushed out from April

30, 2024 to December 31, 2025, to align with CSRD and ESRS requirements. On October 1, 2025, the German Federal

Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control announced that it will not be reviewing the submission and publication of

reports under SCDDA. While the failure to submit reports will not be subject to sanctions, other due diligence obligations

under SCDDA continue to apply and a failure to comply will be subject to sanctions.

57

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

Regulation and Supervision

Deutsche Bank’s operations throughout the world are regulated and supervised by the relevant authorities in each of the

jurisdictions where the bank conducts business. Such regulation relates to licensing, capital adequacy, liquidity, risk

concentration, conduct of business as well as organizational and reporting requirements. It affects the type and scope of

the business the bank conducts in a country and how it structures its operations.

Highlights

As part of the Banking Package 2021, the amendment of the Capital Requirements Regulation and the Capital

Requirements Directive (commonly referred to as “CRR 3” and “CRD 6”) finalize, in particular, the implementation of the

Basel III framework in the European Union. CRR 3 and CRD 6 were published in the EU Official Journal in June 2024. CRR

3 was applicable from January 1, 2025, with certain elements of the regulation being phased in over subsequent years.

With some exceptions regarding transposition and application dates, the European Member States shall, in principle,

adopt and publish, by January 10, 2026, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with

CRD 6 and apply those measures from January 11, 2026. The German Banking Directive Implementation and

Bureaucracy Reduction Act (BRUBEG) has already been adopted by the German Parliament. Pending completion of the

legislative process, BRUBEG is expected to be published in the Federal Gazette in the first half of 2026, with the

effective dates of the various parts of BRUBEG being scheduled between the day after publication and January 11, 2027.

CRR 3 and CRD 6 include, among other things, a gradually introduced output floor establishing minimum risk-weighted

assets that will ultimately be set at 72.5% of the risk weighted assets calculated under the standardized approach,

changes to standardized and internal ratings-based approaches for determining credit risk, changes to the credit

valuation adjustment, a revision of the approaches for operational risks and reforms to the market risk framework as set

out in the FRTB, adjustments to the Pillar 2 requirements and the systemic risk buffer (SyRB), a “fit-and-proper” set of

rules for the senior staff managing banks, minimum requirements for the prudential supervision of third-country

branches, and a provision for future dedicated legislation on the prudential treatment of crypto asset exposures and

interim own-funds requirements for certain crypto-asset exposures. Other measures address sustainability risks by

requiring banks to identify, disclose and manage environmental, social and governance risks as part of their risk

management framework and include regular climate stress testing by the banks’ supervisors. CRR 3 and CRD 6 do not

entail any adjustments to the capital requirements for green or brown assets. Rather, climate-related risks are captured

by the existing EU risk-based prudential framework. The implementation of CRR 3 and CRD 6 has the potential to

increase Deutsche Bank’s risk-weighted assets and will likely affect its business by raising its regulatory capital and

liquidity requirements and by leading to increased costs.

Deutsche Bank AG is authorized and regulated by the European Central Bank (ECB) and the German Federal Financial

Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht or “BaFin”). Following the departure of the United

Kingdom (U.K.) from the European Union as a result of Brexit, and European Union law ceasing to be applicable in the U.K.

as from end of 2020, Deutsche Bank AG received a new UK authorization (Part 4A) from the PRA in December 2022.

Pursuant to that authorization, Deutsche Bank AG continues to provide banking and other financial services in the U.K.

both from its London Branch and also on a cross-border basis. Divergence between U.K. and European Union law will

potentially, and increasingly, pose challenges for both Deutsche Bank AG and the financial services industry generally.

The following sections present a description of the regulation and supervision of Deutsche Bank’s business in its home

market Germany under the European Union framework of regulation, in the United Kingdom and in the United States.

58

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

Regulation in Germany under the Regulatory Framework of the European Union

Deutsche Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation under German law and regulations promulgated by the European

Union which are directly applicable law in Germany.

The German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz) and the CRR are important sources of regulation for German banks with

respect to prudential regulation, licensing requirements, and the business activities of financial institutions. In particular,

the German Banking Act requires that an enterprise which engages in one or more of the activities categorized in the

German Banking Act as “banking business” or “financial services” in Germany must be licensed as a credit institution

(Kreditinstitut) or financial services institution (Finanzdienstleistungsinstitut), as the case may be. Deutsche Bank AG is

licensed as a credit institution and is authorized to conduct banking business and to provide financial services.

Significant parts of the regulatory framework for banks in the European Union are governed by the CRR. The CRR

includes requirements relating to regulatory capital, risk-based capital adequacy, monitoring and control of large

exposures, consolidated supervision, leverage, liquidity and public disclosure, including Basel III standards.

Certain other requirements that apply to Deutsche Bank, including those with respect to capital buffers, organizational

and risk management requirements, are set forth in the German Banking Act and other German laws, partly implementing

European Union directives such as the CRD.

Deutsche Bank AG, headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, is the parent institution of Deutsche Bank Group.

Under the CRR, Deutsche Bank AG, as credit institution and parent company, is responsible for regulatory consolidation

of all subsidiary credit institutions, financial institutions, asset management companies and ancillary services

undertakings. Generally, the bank regulatory requirements under the CRR and the German Banking Act apply both on a

stand-alone and a consolidated basis. However, banks forming part of a consolidated group may receive a waiver with

respect to the application of specific regulatory requirements on an unconsolidated basis if certain conditions are met.

As of December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank AG benefited from such a waiver, according to which Deutsche Bank AG needs

to apply the requirements relating to own funds, large exposures, exposures to transferred credit risks, leverage and

disclosure by institutions, as well as certain risk management requirements, only on a consolidated basis.

Capital Adequacy Requirements

Minimum Capital Adequacy Requirements (Pillar 1)

The minimum capital adequacy requirements for banks are primarily set forth in the CRR. The CRR requires German

banks to maintain an adequate level of regulatory capital in relation to the total of their risk positions, referred to as total

exposure amount. Risk positions include credit risk positions, market risk positions and operational risk positions

(including, among other things, risks related to certain external factors, as well as to technical errors and errors of

employees). The most important type of capital for compliance with the capital requirements under the CRR is Common

Equity Tier 1 capital. Common Equity Tier 1 capital primarily consists of share capital, retained earnings and other

reserves, subject to certain regulatory adjustments. Another component of regulatory capital is Additional Tier 1 capital,

which includes, for example, certain unsecured subordinated perpetual capital instruments and related share premium

accounts. An important feature of Additional Tier 1 capital is that the principal amount of the instruments will be written

down, or converted into Common Equity Tier 1 capital, when the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of the financial

institution falls below a minimum of 5.125% (or such higher level as the issuing bank may determine). Common Equity

Tier 1 capital and Additional Tier 1 capital together constitute Tier 1 capital. An additional type of regulatory capital is

Tier 2 capital which generally consists of long-term subordinated debt instruments. Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital

together constitute own funds.

Under the CRR, banks are required to maintain a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to total risk exposure amount of 6% and a

minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to total risk exposure of 4.5%. The minimum total capital ratio of own

funds to total risk exposure is 8%.

59

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

Capital Buffers

The German Banking Act also requires banks to build up a mandatory capital conservation buffer (Common Equity Tier 1

capital amounting to 2.5% of total risk exposure), and authorizes the BaFin to set a domestic countercyclical capital

buffer (CCyB) for Germany (Common Equity Tier 1 capital of generally 0% to 2.5% of total risk exposure, or more in

particular circumstances) during periods of high credit growth. The CCyB for Germany is currently set at 0.75%. In order

to comply with the CCyB requirement, banks must calculate their institution-specific CCyB as the weighted average of

the CCyBs that apply to them in the jurisdictions where their relevant credit exposures are located. Accordingly, the total

CCyB requirement, if any, with which Deutsche Bank needs to comply also depends on the corresponding buffer

requirements in other jurisdictions. In addition, BaFin may require banks to build up a capital buffer to prevent and

mitigate long term non-cyclical systemic or macro-prudential risks not otherwise covered by CRR/CRD (SyRB) (Common

Equity Tier 1 capital of a minimum of 0.5% of the total risk exposure amount). Any SyRB determined by BaFin in excess of

5% would require prior authorization of the European Commission. A SyRB with regard to residential real estate financing

is currently set in Germany at 1%. Furthermore, since December 31, 2023, BaFin has imposed an additional SyRB of 4.5%

to all risk exposure amounts in Norway and with effect from June 30, 2025, the reciprocal application of the sectoral

systemic risk buffer of 1% ordered by the Banca d'Italia in Italy with respect to all credit risk exposures and counterparty

credit risk exposures located in Italy entered into effect. G-SIIs are subject to an additional capital buffer (Common

Equity Tier 1 capital of up to 3.5% of the total risk exposure amount, which the BaFin determines for German banks based

on a scoring system measuring the bank’s global systemic importance. Deutsche Bank’s current G-SII capital risk buffer is

1.5% until December 31, 2025 and has been reduced to 1% effective January 1, 2026. BaFin can also determine a capital

buffer of Common Equity Tier 1 capital of up to 3% of the total risk exposure amount for other systemically important

banks (so-called O-SIIs) in Germany, based on criteria measuring, among others, the bank’s importance for the economy

in Germany and the European Economic Area (EEA). Deutsche Bank is subject to treatment both as a G-SII, as well as an

O-SII (on a consolidated basis). Any risk buffer for O-SIIs that exceeds the threshold of 3% requires prior authorization by

the European Commission. Deutsche Bank’s current O-SII capital buffer is 2%. The buffers for G-SIIs and the buffer for O-

SIIs are not cumulative; only the higher of these buffers applies. However, such higher buffer and the SyRB are

cumulative. If the total buffer is higher than 5%, BaFin needs to seek approval by the European Commission. If a bank fails

to build up the required capital buffers, it will be subject to restrictions on the pay-out of dividends, share buybacks and

discretionary compensation payments. Also, within the single supervisory mechanism (SSM), the ECB may require banks

to maintain higher capital buffers than those required by the BaFin.

Leverage Ratio

The CRR also provides for a Tier 1 capital-based binding minimum leverage ratio requirement of 3%. The minimum

leverage ratio requirement is calculated on a non-risk basis and complements the other risk-based capital requirements.

In addition to the minimum leverage ratio requirement, the CRR provides for a leverage ratio buffer requirement for G-

SIIs (such as Deutsche Bank), which must be met with Tier 1 capital and is set at 50% of the G-SII's risk-weighted capital

buffer rate. Certain aspects relating to the leverage ratio buffer requirement as contained in the CRD (such as, among

others, restrictions on the pay out of dividends if the requirements are not met) must be implemented in the laws of the

individual Member States.

Pillar 2 Capital Requirements and Guidance

Furthermore, the ECB may impose capital and leverage ratio requirements on individual significant credit institutions

which are more stringent than the statutory minimum requirements set forth in the CRR, the German Banking Act or the

related regulations. Upon completion of the supervisory review and evaluation process (SREP) discussed in greater detail

below, the competent supervisory authority makes a SREP decision in relation to each relevant bank, which may include

specific capital and liquidity requirements for each affected bank. Any such additional bank-specific capital

requirements resulting from the SREP are referred to as Pillar 2 requirements for its solvency and leverage ratios in

addition to the statutory minimum capital and buffer requirements. Institutions must meet their Pillar 2 requirements for

solvency ratios with at least 75% of Tier 1 capital and at least 56.25% of Common Equity Tier 1 capital and for the

leverage ratio with Tier 1 capital, respectively.

In addition, the ECB may decide following the SREP to communicate to individual banks an expectation to hold a further

Pillar 2 add-on, the so-called Pillar 2 guidance, to its Common Equity Tier 1 and leverage ratio. The ECB has stated that it

generally expects banks to meet the Pillar 2 guidance, although it is not legally binding and failure to meet the Pillar 2

guidance does not automatically have legal consequences. The competent supervisory authority may take a range of

other measures based on the SREP outcome to address shortcomings in a bank’s governance and risk management

processes or its capital or liquidity position, such as prohibiting dividend payments to shareholders or distributions to

holders of regulatory capital instruments.

For details of Deutsche Bank’s regulatory capital, see “Management Report: Risk Report: Risk and Capital Performance”

in Deutsche Bank’s Annual Report 2025.

60

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

MREL Requirements

As discussed below under “Recovery and Resolution”, to ensure that European banks have a sufficient amount of

liabilities with loss-absorbing capacity, they are required to meet MREL determined for each institution individually on a

case-by-case basis. The European Union implemented the Financial Stability Board’s (FSB) TLAC standard for global

systemically important banks (“G-SIBs”, such as Deutsche Bank) by introducing a Pillar 1 MREL requirement for G-SIIs

(the European equivalent term for G-SIBs). This requirement is based on both risk-based and non-risk-based

denominators and will be set at the higher of 18% of total risk exposure and 6.75% of the leverage ratio exposure

measure. It can be met with Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital or debt that meets specific eligibility criteria. Deduction rules apply for

holdings by G-SIIs of TLAC instruments of other G-SIIs. In addition, the competent authorities have the ability to impose

on G-SIIs individual MREL requirements that exceed the statutory minimum requirements.

Limitations on Large Exposures

The CRR also contains the primary restrictions on large exposures, which limit a bank’s concentration of credit risks. The

German Banking Act and the German Large Exposure Regulation (Großkredit- und Millionenkreditverordnung)

supplement the CRR in this regard. Under the CRR, Deutsche Bank’s exposure to a customer and any customers affiliated

with such customer ("group of connected clients") is deemed to be a “large exposure” when the value of such exposure is

equal to or exceeds 10% of its Tier 1 capital. All exposures to customers forming a group of connected clients are

aggregated for these purposes. In general, no large exposure may exceed 25% of Deutsche Bank’s Tier 1 capital, or, in

case the customer is a bank designated as G-SII, 15% of its Tier 1 capital. For exposures in the trading book, the large

exposure regime may give greater latitude, subject to an additional own funds requirement.

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Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

Liquidity Requirements

The CRR introduced a liquidity coverage requirement intended to ensure that banks have an adequate stock of

unencumbered high quality liquid assets that can be easily and quickly converted into cash to meet their liquidity needs

for a 30-calendar day liquidity stress scenario. The required liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) is calculated as the ratio of a

bank’s liquidity buffer to its net liquidity outflows. Also, banks must regularly report the composition of the liquid assets

in their liquidity buffer to their competent authorities.

In addition, the CRR provides for a net stable funding ratio (NSFR) to reduce medium- to long-term funding risks by

requiring banks to fund their activities with sufficiently stable sources of funding over a one-year period. The NSFR is

defined as the ratio of a bank’s available stable funding relative to the amount of required stable funding over a one-year

period. Banks must maintain an NSFR of at least 100%. The NSFR applies to both the Group as a whole and to individual

SSM regulated entities, including the parent entity Deutsche Bank AG.

The ECB may impose on individual banks liquidity requirements which are more stringent than the general statutory

requirements if the bank’s continuous liquidity would otherwise not be ensured.

Separation of Proprietary Trading Activities by Universal Banks

The German Separation Act (Gesetz zur Abschirmung von Risiken und zur Planung der Sanierung und Abwicklung von

Kreditinstituten und Finanzgruppen) provides that deposit-taking banks and their affiliates are prohibited from engaging

in proprietary trading that does not constitute a service for others, high-frequency trading, and credit or guarantee

transactions with hedge funds and comparable enterprises that are substantially leveraged, unless such activities are

exempt or excluded, or in the case where no such exemption or exclusion is available, is transferred to a separate legal

entity, referred to as a financial trading institution (Finanzhandelsinstitut). The separation requirement applies if certain

thresholds are exceeded, which is the case for Deutsche Bank. In addition, the German Separation Act authorizes the

BaFin to prohibit the deposit-taking bank and its affiliates, on a case-by-case basis, from engaging in market-making and

other activities that are comparable to the activities prohibited by law, if these activities may put the solvency of the

deposit-taking bank or any of its affiliates at risk. In the event that the BaFin orders such a prohibition, the respective

activities must be discontinued or transferred to a separate financial trading institution. The financial trading institution

may be established in the form of an investment firm or a bank and may be part of the same group as the deposit-taking

bank. However, it must be economically and organizationally independent from the deposit-taking bank and its other

affiliates, and it has to comply with enhanced risk management requirements. Deutsche Bank has established a

compliance and control framework to ensure that no prohibited activities are conducted. As a result, Deutsche Bank has

not established a financial trading institution.

Anti-Financial Crime, Money Laundering, Sanctions, Fraud, Bribery and

Corruption

Financial sector participants are required to take steps to prevent the abuse of the financial system through money

laundering and other financial crime. The European Union has continually sought to strengthen its framework for anti-

money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism, in line with international standards set by the Financial

Action Task Force. To that end, a set of legal instruments (the “AML/CFT Package”) was published in the EU Official

Journal with a July 2024 effective date. One key element of the AML/CFT Package is the establishment of an integrated

European AML supervisory mechanism closely involving national supervisors and the newly established EU Anti-Money

Laundering Authority (AMLA) as well as the creation of a single rulebook. The single rulebook expands the list of obliged

entities and includes harmonized, more detailed and granular rules on requirements such as customer due diligence,

beneficial ownership, and AML/CFT risk management. The requirements of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulation and

Anti-Money Laundering Directive 6 will be applicable from July 10, 2027. Eventually, once the AML/CFT Package has

been implemented, AMLA will directly supervise certain cross-border financial sector entities in the highest risk category,

which is expected to include Deutsche Bank, facilitate cooperation among financial intelligence units and coordinate

national authorities. Generally, the requirements (such as know-your-customer requirements) currently set out in the

German AML Act (Geldwäschegesetz) and the German Banking Act apply to all business lines and infrastructure units as

well as all subsidiaries and affiliates that undertake AML-relevant business and in which Deutsche Bank AG has a

dominating influence. A robust and effective internal control environment and adequate infrastructure (comprising

people, policies and procedures, controls, testing, IT systems and data) are necessary to ensure that the bank conducts

its business and performs its processes in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and associated supervisory

expectations. The bank continually enhances the effectiveness of its internal control environment and improves its

infrastructure to align with updated regulatory requirements and to close gaps identified by the bank and/or by

regulators and monitors.

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Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

Preventing, detecting and reporting financial crime and complying with applicable laws and regulations is vital to

ensuring the stability of banks, such as Deutsche Bank, and the integrity of the international financial system.

Deutsche Bank is required to comply with economic sanctions laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which it

operates, including sanctions administered and enforced by the United Nations Security Council, the European Union,

the United States, the United Kingdom, and other sanctions measures imposed by governments in jurisdictions where the

bank operates, as applicable. Deutsche Bank therefore operates a sanctions program reasonably designed to comply

with applicable sanctions. As sanctions continue to increase in breadth and complexity, this necessitates continued

updating of the bank’s policies, procedures, processes, and controls.

Deutsche Bank, its management board and supervisory board members and its employees are subject to fraud, bribery

and corruption laws and regulations under the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch) and in the other countries in

which it conducts business. The UK Bribery Act 2010 has extraterritorial reach and requires Deutsche Bank to design and

develop appropriate measures to mitigate bribery and corruption risk and to establish controls and safeguards to

mitigate such risks.

Data Protection and Cyber Risk

Deutsche Bank has to comply with all applicable data protection laws in the countries in which it operates. In Germany

and the other European Union Member States, the regulation on the protection of natural persons with regard to the

processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, also referred to as the General Data Protection

Regulation (GDPR), became applicable in the European Union in May 2018. It relates to data protection and privacy

rights of individuals within the European Union and addresses the export of personal data to other jurisdictions. The

GDPR primarily aims at giving individuals control over their personal data and to unifying the regulatory environment for

cross-border business. The GDPR contains provisions and requirements pertaining to the processing of personal data of

individuals and applies to businesses inside the European Union that are processing personal data. The regulation

furthermore applies to businesses outside of the European Union if goods or services are offered to data subjects in the

European Union, or if the behavior of data subjects in the European Union is being monitored. The GDPR imposes

compliance obligations and grants broad enforcement powers to supervisory authorities, including the authority to levy

significant fines for non-compliance. For the U.S., Deutsche Bank maintains a cyber security and data privacy program

that complies with the Gramm Leach Bliley Act as well as SEC and New York Department of Financial Services rules.

Under the German Banking Act (Gesetz über das Kreditwesen) and the BaFin’s Minimum Requirements for Risk

Management for Banks (Mindestanforderungen an das Risikomanagement), information security needs to be an integral

part of a financial institution’s IT strategy and risk management. The BaFin requires that financial institutions establish a

comprehensive information and cyber security program, define standards, implement controls and adhere to their

resulting security policies and standards in accordance with evolving business requirements, regulatory guidance, and an

emerging threat landscape. In addition, the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), applicable since January 17, 2025,

and its pertinent Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS) and Implementing Technical Standards (ITS) provide for a

comprehensive framework of rules on digital operational resilience for regulated financial institutions, including

Deutsche Bank AG, in a harmonized form throughout the European Union. Information security risk management within

Deutsche Bank is part of vendor risk management for any procurement if information technology or outsourcing activity

include the use of new technologies like cloud services. Information security risk (also referred to as cyber risk) is a

component of operational risk assessed in the context of the SREP under Guidelines on ICT Risk Assessment issued by

the EBA, which expects financial institutions to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of customer data

and information assets. Such guidelines are complemented by the EBA’s Guidelines on ICT and Security Risk

Management an updated version of which was issued on February 11, 2025 in the context of the application of DORA.

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Remuneration Rules

Under the German Banking Act and the German Credit Institution Remuneration Regulation

(Institutsvergütungsverordnung), as well as the directly applicable EBA Guidelines on sound remuneration policies under

Directive 2013/36/EU, Deutsche Bank AG is subject to certain restrictions on the remuneration it pays to its management

board members and employees. These remuneration rules implement requirements of the CRD and impose a cap on

bonuses. Pursuant to this cap, the variable remuneration for management board members and employees must not

exceed the fixed remuneration. The maximum variable remuneration may be increased to twice the management board

member's or employee’s fixed remuneration if expressly approved by the shareholders’ meeting with the required

majority. In addition, Deutsche Bank AG is obliged to identify individuals who have a material impact on the bank’s risk

profile (“material risk takers”). Such material risk takers are subject to additional rules, such as the requirement that at

least 40% or, as the case may be, up to 60% of the variable remuneration granted to them must be on a deferred basis.

The minimum deferral period is four years and may increase to five years depending on certain factors. For certain

material risk takers the minimum deferral period is set at five years. Also, at least 50% of the variable remuneration for

material risk takers must be paid in shares of the bank or instruments linked to shares of the bank. Variable compensation

of material risk takers has to be subject to an ex-post risk adjustment mechanism and to a claw back provision in case of

personal wrongdoing. These deferral and claw back provisions do not apply to a material risk taker whose variable

remuneration does not exceed € 50,000 gross and 1/3 of the total annual remuneration. Finally, Deutsche Bank is

required to comply with certain disclosure requirements relating to the remuneration it pays to, and its remuneration

principles in respect of, its material risk takers and other affected employees.

In addition, as an issuer whose shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the bank has adopted

compensation recovery mechanisms to recoup previously awarded compensation in the event of an accounting

restatement. See below under “Regulation and Supervision in the United States”.

For details of Deutsche Bank’s remuneration system, see “3 - Compensation Report” in Deutsche Bank’s Annual

Report 2025.

Deposit Protection and Investor Compensation in Germany

The Deposit Protection Act and the Investor Compensation Act

The German Deposit Protection Act (Einlagensicherungsgesetz) and the German Investor Compensation Act

(Anlegerentschädigungsgesetz) provide for a mandatory deposit protection and investor compensation system in

Germany, based on a European Union directive on deposit guarantee schemes (DGS Directive) and a European Union

directive on investor compensation schemes.

The German Deposit Protection Act (which implements the DGS Directive into German law) requires that each German

bank participates in one of the statutory government-controlled deposit protection schemes

(Entschädigungseinrichtungen). Since October 2021, the Entschädigungseinrichtung deutscher Banken GmbH (EdB),

which has been commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Finance to operate the mandatory deposit protection

scheme, is the sole German deposit protection scheme for all German banks. The EdB collects and administers the

contributions of the member banks, and settles any compensation claims of depositors in accordance with the German

Deposit Protection Act.

Under the German Deposit Protection Act, deposit protection schemes are generally liable for obligations resulting from

deposits denominated in any currency in an amount of up to € 100,000 per depositor and bank. Certain depositors, such

as banks, insurance companies, investment funds and governmental bodies, are excluded from coverage.

Deposit protection schemes are financed by annual contributions of the participating banks proportionate to their

potential liabilities, depending on the amount of covered deposits and the degree of risk the bank is exposed to. The

target level of 0.8% of the total covered deposits of the participating banks has been reached by July 3, 2024. Deposit

protection schemes may also levy special contributions if required to settle compensation claims.

Deposit protection schemes will be required to contribute to bank resolution costs if resolution tools are used. The

contribution made by the deposit protection scheme is limited to the compensation it would have to pay if the affected

bank had become subject to insolvency proceedings. Furthermore, deposit protection schemes may provide funding to

its participating banks to avoid their failure under certain circumstances.

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Under the German Investor Compensation Act, in the event that the BaFin ascertains a compensation case, EdB as

Deutsche Bank AG’s deposit protection scheme is also required to compensate 90% of the aggregate claims of each

covered creditor arising from securities transactions denominated in Euro or in a currency of any other Member State up

to an amount of the equivalent of € 20,000. Many financial markets participants such as banks, insurance companies,

investment funds, governmental bodies or medium-sized and large corporations, however, do not benefit from this

coverage.

Voluntary Deposit Protection System

Liabilities to creditors that are not covered by a statutory compensation scheme may be covered by the Deposit

Protection Fund (Einlagensicherungsfonds) set up by the Association of German Banks (Bundesverband deutscher

Banken e.V.) of which Deutsche Bank AG is a member. The Deposit Protection Fund protects deposits, i.e., generally

credit balances credited to an account or resulting from interim positions which the bank is required to repay, up to

certain maximum amounts and subject to certain exclusions, of private individuals, foundations and corporates. Deposits

of banks, broker-dealers and other financial sector entities, such as insurance and re-insurance undertakings or

investment funds as well as governmental agencies, are excluded.

The financial resources of the Deposit Protection Fund are funded by contributions of the participating banks. If the

resources of the Fund are insufficient, banks may be required to make special contributions, in particular if the resources

of the Deposit Protection Fund become stretched due to bank insolvencies or otherwise. In order to avoid the need for

special contributions in the context of the failure of a member of the Deposit Protection Fund, Deutsche Bank may on

occasion participate in solutions to address such bank failure outside of the statutory or voluntary deposit protection

system.

In 2021, the Association of German Banks launched a far-reaching reform project for its Deposit Protection Fund that has

started phasing in from 2023 onwards. Deposits held with non-German branches of Deutsche Bank AG are no longer

covered unless grandfathering rules apply. Also, absolute cover limit amounts will apply to all depositors. These amounts

were € 5 million per depositor from January 1, 2023 onwards which have been reduced to € 3 million from January 1,

2025 and will be further reduced to € 1 million from January 1, 2030. For corporates the limits will be ten times higher

but limited to deposits with a maturity of up to twelve months.

Market Conduct, Investor Protection and Infrastructure Regulation

Under the German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz), the BaFin regulates and supervises securities

trading, including the provision of investment services, in Germany. The German Securities Trading Act contains, among

other things, disclosure and transparency rules for issuers of securities that are listed on a German exchange and

organizational requirements as well as rules of conduct which apply to all businesses that provide investment services.

Investment services include, in particular, the purchase and sale of securities or derivatives for others and the

intermediation of transactions in securities or derivatives as well as investment advice. The BaFin has broad powers to

investigate businesses providing investment services to monitor their compliance with the organizational requirements,

rules of conduct and reporting requirements. In addition, the German Securities Trading Act requires an independent

auditor to perform an annual audit of the investment services provider’s compliance with its obligations under the

German Securities Trading Act.

A related area is the Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) which establishes a common European Union framework for, inter

alia, insider dealing, the public disclosure of inside information, market manipulation, and managers’ transactions. The

German Securities Trading Act, which had contained rules on market abuse prior to the entering into force of the MAR,

continues to supplement the MAR in this respect, for example by providing for sanctions in case of violations of the MAR.

In addition, the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), implemented primarily by the German Securities

Trading Act, and the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (MiFIR) provide for more far-reaching regulation and

oversight of financial firms providing investment services or activities in the European Union by covering additional

markets and instruments, the extension of pre- and post-trade transparency rules from equities to all financial

instruments, greater restrictions on operating trading platforms, and greater sanctioning powers. The trading venues

under supervision include organized trading facilities. In addition, MiFID/MiFIR, also provide for a trading obligation for

over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives subject to mandatory clearing and which are sufficiently standardized, and investor

protection rules that significantly impact the way investment firms distribute products.

The Regulation on Key Information Documents for Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (PRIIPs)

imposes disclosure and transparency requirements when advising on or selling to clients classified as “retail” structured

products and other complex and packaged investment products and aims at increasing investor protection.

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Beyond the infrastructure-related provisions of MiFID, PRIIPs and MiFIR, market infrastructure has been the focus of

other regulatory initiatives of the European Union that are relevant for Deutsche Bank. The Regulation on Transparency

of Securities Financing Transactions aims at increasing transparency and reducing risks associated with such

transactions. The regulation requires that repos, securities lending transactions and transactions with equivalent effect

and margin lending transactions be reported to trade repositories and requires risk disclosures and consent before assets

are reused or re-hypothecated. For the OTC derivatives markets, the European Regulation on OTC Derivatives, CCPs and

Trade Repositories, also referred to as EMIR, pursues the goals of reducing system, counterparty and operational risk and

increase transparency in the OTC derivatives markets. The regulation introduced requirements for standardized OTC

derivatives, such as central clearing, margining, portfolio reconciliation or reporting to trade repositories.

In addition, the European Union’s Regulation on Financial Benchmarks seeks to ensure the integrity and accuracy of

indices used as benchmarks for financial instruments and contracts, and prevent their manipulation. Benchmark

administrators are required to obtain authorization or registration in respect of certain benchmarks (including critical and

significant benchmarks) and are subject to rules and oversight regarding their organization, governance and conduct,

although as of January 1, 2026, many ‘non-significant’ benchmarks are no longer in scope of the EU’s benchmark

regulation. European Union-regulated banks, investment firms, fund managers and certain other supervised entities are

only permitted to use benchmarks provided in accordance with the regulation.

Legal Requirements relating to Financial Statements and Audits

As required by the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch), Deutsche Bank AG prepares its non-consolidated

financial statements in accordance with German GAAP. Deutsche Bank Group’s consolidated financial statements are

prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as endorsed by the European Union, and

the bank’s compliance with capital adequacy requirements and large exposure limits is determined solely based upon

such consolidated financial statements.

Under German law, Deutsche Bank AG is required to be audited annually by a certified public accountant

(Wirtschaftsprüfer). Deutsche Bank AG’s auditor is appointed each year at the annual shareholders’ meeting. However,

the supervisory board mandates the auditor and supervises the audit. The BaFin and the Deutsche Bundesbank

(“Bundesbank”), the German central bank, must be informed of the appointment and the BaFin may reject the auditor’s

appointment. The German Banking Act requires that a bank’s auditor inform the BaFin and the Bundesbank of any facts

that come to the auditor’s attention which would cause it to refuse to certify or to limit its certification of the bank’s

annual financial statements or which would adversely affect the bank’s financial position. The auditor is also required to

notify the BaFin and the Bundesbank in the event of a material breach by management of the articles of association or of

any applicable law. The auditor is required to prepare a detailed and comprehensive annual audit report

(Prüfungsbericht) for submission to the bank’s supervisory board, the BaFin and the Bundesbank. The BaFin and the

Bundesbank share their information with the ECB. In addition to the statutory audit directive and its amendment that has

been implemented into national law, Deutsche Bank is also subject to the European Union’s Regulation on Specific

Requirements regarding Statutory Audit of Public-Interest Entities which includes requirements for mandatory audit firm

rotation and restrictions on non-audit services.

Banking Supervision under the Single Supervisory Mechanism

Under the European Union’s system of financial supervision referred to as SSM, the ECB is the primary supervisor of all

systemically important or significant credit institutions (such as Deutsche Bank AG) and their banking affiliates in the

relevant Member States. The competent national authorities supervise the remaining, less significant banks under the

oversight of the ECB. As a result, Deutsche Bank AG is supervised by the ECB, the BaFin and the Bundesbank.

With respect to Deutsche Bank and other significant credit institutions, the ECB is the primary supervisor and is

responsible for most tasks of prudential supervision, such as compliance with regulatory requirements concerning own

funds, large exposure limits, leverage, liquidity, securitizations, corporate governance, business organization and risk

management requirements. The ECB carries out its day-to-day supervisory functions through a joint supervisory team

(JST) established for Deutsche Bank Group. The JST is led by the ECB and comprises staff from the ECB and national

supervisory authorities, including the BaFin and the Bundesbank. In addition, and regardless of whether an institution is

significant or not, the ECB is responsible for issuing new licenses to credit institutions and for assessing the acquisition

and increase of significant participations (also referred to as qualifying holdings) in credit institutions established in those

Member States of the European Union that participate in the SSM and where notification of such changes must be filed.

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The BaFin is Deutsche Bank’s principal supervisor for regulatory matters with respect to which the bank is not supervised

by the ECB. These include business conduct in the securities markets, in particular when providing investment services to

clients, payment services and implementing measures against money laundering and terrorist financing, and they also

include certain special areas of bank regulation, such as those related to the issuance of covered bonds (Pfandbriefe) and

the supervision of German home loan banks (Bausparkassen) with regard to certain regulatory requirements specifically

applicable to such home loan banks. Generally, the BaFin also supervises Deutsche Bank with respect to those

requirements under the German Banking Act that are not based upon European law. The Bundesbank supports the BaFin

and the ECB and closely cooperates with them. The cooperation includes the ongoing review and evaluation of reports

submitted by Deutsche Bank and of its audit reports as well as assessments of the adequacy of the bank’s capital base

and risk management systems. The ECB, the BaFin and the Bundesbank receive comprehensive information from

Deutsche Bank in order to monitor its compliance with applicable legal requirements and to obtain information on its

financial condition.

Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP)

For significant institutions such as Deutsche Bank, the JST conducts the SREP for an ongoing assessment of risks,

governance arrangements and the capital and liquidity situation. The SREP requires that the JSTs review the

arrangements, strategies, processes and mechanisms of supervised banks on a regular basis, in order to evaluate risks to

which these banks are or might be exposed, risks they could pose to the financial system, and risks revealed by stress

testing.

The SREP framework consists of a business model analysis, an assessment of internal governance and institution-wide

control arrangements, an assessment of risks to capital and adequacy of capital to cover these risks; and an assessment

of risks to liquidity and adequacy of liquidity resources to cover these risks. The SREP can result in Pillar 2 capital and

liquidity requirements or guidance for the relevant institution (see above “Pillar 2 Capital Requirements and Guidance”).

Audits, Investigations and Enforcement

Investigations and Supervisory Audits

The ECB and the BaFin may conduct audits of banks on a discretionary basis, as well as for cause. In particular, the ECB

may audit Deutsche Bank’s compliance with requirements with respect to which it supervises Deutsche Bank, such as

those set forth in the CRR/CRD. Findings that result from such audits may deviate from or reflect interpretations of the

laws or regulatory technical standards that differ from the bank’s or industry practice, so that the remediation of these

findings may be costly and impose restrictions on how the bank conducts its business. The BaFin may also decide to

audit the bank’s compliance with requirements with respect to which it supervises the bank, such as those relating to

business conduct in the securities markets and the regulation of anti-money laundering, to counter terrorist financing

and payment services, as well as certain special areas of bank regulation, such as those related to the issuance of covered

bonds and the supervision of German home loan banks.

The ECB as well as the BaFin may require a bank to furnish information and documents in order to ensure that the bank is

complying with applicable bank supervisory laws. The ECB and the BaFin may conduct investigations without having to

state a reason therefor. Such investigations may also take place at a foreign entity that is part of a bank’s group for

regulatory purposes. Investigations of foreign entities are limited to the extent that the law of the jurisdiction where the

entity is located restricts such investigations.

The ECB and the BaFin may attend meetings of a bank’s supervisory board and shareholders meetings. They also have

the authority to require that such meetings be convened.

Supervisory and Enforcement Powers

The ECB has a wide range of enforcement powers in the event it discovers any irregularities concerning adherence to

requirements with respect to which it supervises Deutsche Bank.

It may, for example,

–Impose additional own funds or liquidity requirements in excess of statutory minimum requirements;

–Restrict or limit a bank’s business;

–Require the cessation of activities to reduce risk;

–Require a bank to use net profits to strengthen its own funds;

–Restrict or prohibit dividend payments to shareholders or distributions to holders of Additional Tier 1 instruments; or

–Remove the members of the bank’s management or supervisory board members from office.

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To the extent necessary to carry out the tasks granted to it, the ECB may also require national supervisory authorities to

make use of their powers under national law. If these measures are inadequate, the ECB may revoke the bank’s license.

Furthermore, the ECB has the power to impose administrative fines in case of breaches of directly applicable European

Union laws, such as the CRR, or of applicable ECB regulations and decisions. Fines imposed by the ECB may amount to

up to twice the amount of profits gained or losses avoided because of the violation, or up to 10% of the total annual

turnover of the relevant entity in the preceding business year or such other amounts as may be provided for in relevant

European Union law. In addition, where necessary to carry out the tasks granted to it, the ECB may also require that the

BaFin initiate proceedings to ensure that appropriate penalties are imposed on the affected bank.

The BaFin also retains a wide range of enforcement powers. As discussed above, it may take action if instructed by the

ECB in connection with supervisory tasks granted to the ECB. With respect to supervisory tasks remaining with the BaFin,

the BaFin may take action upon its own initiative. In particular, if a bank is in danger of defaulting on its obligations to

creditors, the BaFin may take emergency measures to avert default. These emergency measures may include:

–Issuing instructions relating to the management of the bank;

–Prohibiting the acceptance of deposits and the granting of loans;

–Prohibiting or restricting the bank’s managers from carrying on their functions;

–Prohibiting payments and disposals of assets;

–Closing the bank’s customer services; and

–Prohibiting the bank from accepting any payments other than payments of debts owed to the bank.

The BaFin may also impose administrative fines under the German Banking Act and other German laws. Fines under the

German Banking Act may amount to generally up to € 5 million or, in certain cases, € 20 million, depending on the type of

offense. If the economic benefit derived from the offense is higher, the BaFin may impose fines of up to 10% of the net

turnover of the preceding business year or twice the amount of the economic benefit derived from the violation.

Finally, violations of the German Banking Act may result in criminal penalties against the members of the Management

Board or senior management.

Recovery and Resolution

Germany participates in the European Union’s single resolution mechanism (SRM), which centralizes at a European level the key

competences and resources for managing the failure of banks in Member States of the European Union participating in the

banking union. The SRM is based on the SRM Regulation and the BRRD, which in Germany are mainly implemented through the

German Recovery and Resolution Act (Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsgesetz).

Under the SRM, broad resolution powers with respect to banks domiciled in the participating Member States are granted to the

Single Resolution Board (SRB) as the central European resolution authority and to the competent national resolution authorities.

Resolution powers in particular include the power to reduce, including to zero, the nominal value of shares, or to cancel shares

outright, and to write down certain eligible subordinated and unsubordinated unsecured liabilities, including to zero, or convert

them into equity (commonly referred to as “bail-in”).

For a bank directly supervised by the ECB, such as Deutsche Bank, the SRB draws up the resolution plan, assesses the bank’s

resolvability and may require legal and operational changes to the bank’s structure to ensure its resolvability. In the event that a

bank is failing or likely to fail and certain other conditions are met, in particular where there is no reasonable prospect that any

alternative private sector measures would prevent the failure and resolution measures are necessary in the public interest, the

SRB is responsible for adopting a resolution scheme for resolving the bank pursuant to the SRM Regulation. The European

Commission and, to a lesser extent, the Council of the European Union, have a role in endorsing or objecting to the resolution

scheme proposed by the SRB. The resolution scheme would be addressed to and implemented by the competent national

resolution authorities (the BaFin in Germany).

Resolution measures that could be imposed on a failing bank may consist of a range of measures including the transfer of

shares, assets or liabilities of the bank to another legal entity, the reduction, including to zero, of the nominal value of shares, the

dilution of shareholders of a failing bank or the outright cancellation of shares, or the amendment, modification or variation of

the terms of the bank’s outstanding debt instruments, for example by way of deferral of payments or a reduction of the

applicable interest rate. Furthermore, by way of a “bail-in”, certain liabilities may be written down, including to zero, or

converted into equity after the bank’s regulatory capital has been exhausted.

To ensure that resolution measures can be taken effectively, contractual obligations governed by the laws of a non-EU country

or that are subject to jurisdiction outside the European Union are required to include contractual provisions that ensure that the

relevant obligation can be bailed in. In the case of financial contracts governed by the laws of a non-EU country or that are

subject to jurisdiction outside the European Union, stay acceptance clauses need to be included.

68

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

To ensure sufficient availability of liabilities with loss-absorbing capacity that could be bailed in, the SRM Regulation and the

German Recovery and Resolution Act introduced a requirement for banks to meet Minimum Requirements for Own Funds and

Eligible Liabilities (MREL). The required level of MREL is determined by the competent resolution authorities for each supervised

bank individually on a case-by-case basis, depending on the preferred resolution strategy. In the case of Deutsche Bank AG,

MREL is determined by the SRB.

In addition, G-SIIs are subject to a special Pillar 1 MREL requirement that implements the FSB’s TLAC standard for G-SIBs (see

“MREL Requirements” above).

G-SIIs will need to predominantly rely on capital instruments or eligible subordinated debt for this purpose. Effective January 1,

2017, the German Banking Act provided for a new class of statutorily subordinated debt securities that rank as senior non-

preferred below the bank’s other senior liabilities (but in priority to the bank’s contractually subordinated liabilities, such as

those qualifying as Tier 2 instruments). Following a harmonization effort by the European Union implemented in Germany

effective July 21, 2018, banks are permitted to decide if a specific issuance of eligible senior debt will rank as senior non-

preferred debt or as senior preferred debt.

The SRB is charged with administering the Single Resolution Fund (SRF), a pool of money which is financed by bank levies in the

form of annual ex-ante contributions raised at national level, with the target level being 1% of insured deposits of all banks in

Member States participating in the SRM. The target level was reached for the first time at the end of the initial build-up period

which started in 2016 and ended on December 31, 2023. The SRB continues to verify on an annual basis whether the SRF’s

available financial means have diminished below the target level in the relevant contribution period. Based on the 2025

verification exercise, no ex-ante contributions to the SRF were collected from banks in the collection period 2025. At the

beginning of 2026, the SRB verified that at the reference date (31 December 2025), the SRF amounted to more than € 81

billion, which is above the 1% of covered deposits. Therefore, unless needed, no collection of annual contributions is foreseen

until the next verification exercise

In early 2027, the SRB will verify, again, whether the available financial means in the Single Resolution Fund equal at least 1% of

covered deposits held in the banking union. Should that not be the case, the SRB will decide whether ex ante contributions to

the SRF will be calculated and restarted to be collected in the 2027 contribution period. The SRF will be used for resolving

failing banks after other options, such as the bail-in tool, have been exhausted. In line with the German Recovery and Resolution

Act, public financial support for a failing bank should only be used as a last resort, after having assessed and exploited, to the

maximum extent possible, resolution measures set forth in the SRM Regulation and the German Recovery and Resolution Act,

including the bail-in tool.

Regulation in the EEA and Brexit

The European Union pursues common standards of laws and regulations to create consistency across the internal market

and reduce compliance and regulatory burdens for businesses operating on a cross-border basis. The EEA Agreement

extends this objective to Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Within the EEA, Deutsche Bank AG generally operates in a

branch structure (and on a cross-border basis from its headquarters in Frankfurt am Main) throughout the EU Member

States under the “European Passport” legislative provisions enacted within the EU. To the extent that any Member State

deems the regulated activities of Deutsche Bank AG to be carried out within its supervisory jurisdiction, the national

competent authorities of that Member State supervise the conduct of such regulated activities. This includes, for

example, rules on treating clients fairly and rules governing a bank’s conduct in the securities market.

As a result of Brexit, the U.K. ceased to be a Member State of the European Union and European law ceased to be

applicable within the U.K. as from December 31, 2020. This meant, therefore, for the purposes of Deutsche Bank AG’s

continuation of regulated activities in the U.K., the European Passport provisions were no longer available and it was

obliged to rely upon temporary regulatory permissions while it sought new regulatory (Part 4A) permissions from the U.K.

national competent authority, namely the PRA. Deutsche Bank AG received its (Part 4A) authorization from the PRA on

December 19, 2022. With respect to its regulated activities in the U.K., and the continued operation of its London Branch,

Deutsche Bank AG is currently authorized by the PRA and subject to regulation by the FCA and limited regulation by the

PRA.

Deutsche Bank AG continues to provide banking and other financial services in the U.K. both from its London Branch and

also on a cross-border basis. In June 2023, the U.K. enacted the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023, which provides

for the eventual repeal of EU financial services laws that were retained and subsequently “assimilated” into U.K. law in

the U.K. post-Brexit, and eventual replacement with U.K. rules under a new regulatory framework. Such laws have since

been subject to consultation and varying degrees of amendment, repeal and replacement following Brexit. The growing

divergence between the financial services laws and regulations in the U.K. and the EEA gives rise to new challenges for

both Deutsche Bank AG and the financial services industry generally.

69

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

Since Brexit, other Deutsche Bank Group entities have also had to assess whether they conduct regulated activities in the

U.K. (e.g., by providing U.K. regulated services to U.K. based clients), and where so, determine whether to seek

authorization in the U.K., or otherwise ensure such activity can be conducted pursuant to a U.K. licensing exemption (i.e.,

the “overseas persons exclusion”) or outside of U.K. licensing requirements.

Regulation and Supervision in the United States

Deutsche Bank’s operations are subject to extensive federal and state banking, securities and derivatives regulation and

supervision in the United States. Deutsche Bank engages in U.S. banking activities directly through its New York branch.

It also controls U.S. bank subsidiaries, such as Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (DBTCA), a U.S. broker-dealer,

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., U.S. non-depository trust companies and other subsidiaries. Deutsche Bank holds its U.S.

subsidiaries through two intermediate holding companies, DB USA Corporation, through which Deutsche Bank’s U.S.

banking subsidiaries and the large majority of its other U.S. subsidiaries are held, and DWS USA Corporation, through

which Deutsche Bank’s U.S. asset management subsidiaries are held.

Deutsche Bank’s operations are subject to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-

Frank Act”) and its implementing regulations, including the Dodd-Frank Act provisions known as the “Volcker Rule,”

which limit the ability of banking entities and their affiliates to engage as principal in certain types of proprietary trading

and to sponsor or invest in private equity or hedge funds or similar funds (“covered funds”), subject to certain exclusions

and exemptions. In the case of non-U.S. banking entities such as Deutsche Bank AG, these exemptions permit certain

activities conducted outside the United States, provided that certain criteria are satisfied. The Volcker Rule also limits the

ability of banking entities and their affiliates to enter into certain transactions with covered funds with which they or their

affiliates have certain relationships. The Volcker Rule also requires banking entities to establish comprehensive

compliance programs designed to help ensure and monitor compliance with restrictions under the Volcker Rule.

The Dodd-Frank Act also mandates that regulators provide for greater capital, leverage and liquidity requirements and

other prudential standards, particularly for financial institutions that pose significant systemic risk. U.S. regulators are

also able to restrict the size and growth of systemically significant non-bank financial companies and large

interconnected bank holding companies. U.S. regulators are also required to impose bright-line debt-to-equity ratio

limits on financial companies that the Financial Stability Oversight Council determines pose a grave threat to financial

stability if it determines that the imposition of such limits is necessary to minimize the risk.

Federal Reserve Board rules set forth how the U.S. operations of certain foreign banking organizations (FBOs), such as

Deutsche Bank AG, are required to be structured, as well as impose enhanced prudential standards that apply to their

U.S. operations. Under these rules, a large FBO with combined U.S. assets of U.S. $100 billion or more and U.S. non-

branch assets of US$ 50 billion or more, such as Deutsche Bank, is required to establish or designate a separately

capitalized top-tier U.S. intermediate holding company (an “IHC”) that holds substantially all of the FBO’s ownership

interests in its U.S. subsidiaries. The Federal Reserve Board may permit an FBO subject to the U.S. IHC requirement to

establish or designate multiple IHCs upon written request. Deutsche Bank AG submitted such a request and received

Federal Reserve Board approval to designate two IHCs: DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation. DWS USA

Corporation is a subsidiary of DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA, which is approximately 80% owned by Deutsche Bank AG

and holds the bank’s Asset Management division and subsidiaries. Each IHC is subject, on a consolidated basis, to the

risk-based and leverage capital requirements under the U.S. Basel III capital framework, capital planning and stress

testing requirements, U.S. liquidity buffer requirements and other enhanced prudential standards comparable to those

applicable to large U.S. banking organizations. They are also subject to supplementary leverage ratio requirements,

requirements on the maintenance of TLAC and long-term debt, liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio

requirements.

The Federal Reserve Board’s October 2019 final rules categorize the U.S. operations of large FBOs based on size,

complexity and risk for purposes of tailoring the application of the U.S. enhanced prudential standards (the “Tailoring

Rules”). The Tailoring Rules did not significantly change the capital requirements that apply to DB USA Corporation or

DWS USA Corporation, though the Tailoring Rules did provide modest relief for such companies with respect to

applicable liquidity requirements so long as their combined weighted short term wholesale funding remains below US$

75 billion.

70

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

In July 2023, the U.S. federal banking agencies issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“2023 NPR”) to implement in the

United States the Basel III reforms finalized by the Basel Committee in 2017. The 2023 NPR would have required

Category I-IV banking organizations, including DB USA Corporation, and their depository institution subsidiaries to

calculate risk-weighted assets under both the current standardized approach and a new, more risk sensitive, approach.

The risk sensitive approach in the 2023 NPR included standardized approaches for credit risk, operational risk and credit

valuation adjustment risk, as well as a new approach for market risk that would be based on internal models and

standardized supervisory models. Changes in policy priorities and personnel at the U.S. federal banking agencies in 2025

have made it uncertain when a final rule will be adopted, and how and to what extent any new proposal will differ from

the 2023 NPR. Recent public statements by the U.S. federal banking agencies indicate that they are actively

reconsidering their approach to implement the final Basel III reforms. As a result, the timing and content of any final rule,

and the potential effects of any final rule on DB USA Corporation and its depository institution subsidiaries, remain

uncertain.

The Federal Reserve Board has the authority to supervise and examine an IHC, such as DB USA Corporation and DWS

USA Corporation, and its subsidiaries, as well as U.S. branches and agencies of FBOs, such as Deutsche Bank’s New York

branch. An FBO’s U.S. branches and agencies are not required to be held beneath an IHC; however, the U.S. branches and

agencies of an FBO are subject to certain separate liquidity requirements, as well as other enhanced prudential standards

applicable to the combined U.S. operations, such as risk management and oversight and, under certain circumstances,

asset maintenance requirements. Additionally, the FBO itself is subject to certain requirements related to the adequacy

and reporting of the FBO’s home country capital and stress testing regime.

The Federal Reserve Board's single counterparty credit limits rules, which apply to the combined U.S. operations and

IHCs of certain large FBOs, including Deutsche Bank, prohibit Deutsche Bank’s IHCs from having net credit exposure to a

single unaffiliated counterparty in excess of 25 percent of the respective IHC’s Tier 1 capital. Deutsche Bank’s combined

U.S. operations (including its IHCs and New York branch) would have become separately subject to similar restrictions

beginning July 1, 2021, unless Deutsche Bank AG certified compliance with a home country large exposure regime that is

consistent with the Basel large exposure framework. Deutsche Bank AG has availed itself of substituted compliance

through certification for its combined U.S. operations, as the European Union’s framework became effective on June 28,

2021.

As a bank holding company with assets of U.S.$ 250 billion or more whose combined U.S. operations meet the criteria for

a “triennial full filer”, Deutsche Bank AG is required under Title I of the Dodd-Frank Act to prepare and submit to the

Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) a resolution plan (the “U.S. Resolution

Plan”) on a timeline prescribed by such agencies, alternating between filing a full plan and a targeted plan. The U.S.

Resolution Plan must demonstrate that Deutsche Bank AG has the ability to execute a strategy for the orderly resolution

of its designated U.S. material entities and operations. For FBOs subject to these resolution planning requirements such

as Deutsche Bank AG, the U.S. Resolution Plan relates only to subsidiaries, branches, agencies and businesses that are

domiciled in or whose activities are carried out in whole or in material part in the United States. Deutsche Bank’s U.S.

Resolution Plan describes the single point of entry strategy for Deutsche Bank’s U.S. material entities and operations and

prescribes that DB USA Corporation would provide liquidity and capital support to its U.S. material entity subsidiaries

and ensure their partial sale or solvent wind-down outside of applicable resolution proceedings. Deutsche Bank

submitted its most recent full U.S. Resolution Plan by the October 1, 2025 due date. Deutsche Bank's next resolution

plan submission is a targeted U.S. Resolution Plan that is due by July 1, 2028.

The Dodd-Frank Act also established a new regime for the orderly liquidation of failing financial companies through the

appointment of the FDIC as receiver that is available only if the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury determines in consultation

with the U.S. President that certain criteria are met, including that the failure of the company and its resolution under

otherwise applicable federal or state law would have serious adverse effects on U.S. financial stability.

71

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation are each subject, on an annual basis, to the Federal Reserve Board’s

supervisory stress testing and capital requirements. DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation are also each

subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR), which is an annual

supervisory exercise that assesses the capital positions and planning practices of large bank holding companies and

IHCs. On June 27, 2025, the Federal Reserve Board publicly released the results of its annual supervisory stress test,

which showed that DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation would continue to have capital levels above

minimum requirements even under the stress test’s severely adverse scenario. DB USA Corporation and DWS USA

Corporation submitted their annual capital plans in April 2025 and will make their next capital plan submissions to the

Federal Reserve Board in April 2026. The CCAR process combines the CCAR quantitative assessment and the buffer

requirements in the Federal Reserve Board’s capital rules to create an institution-specific stress capital buffer (SCB),

which is floored at 2.5%. The SCB equals (i) a bank holding company's projected peak-to-trough decline in Common

Equity Tier 1 capital under the annual CCAR supervisory severely adverse stress testing scenario prior to any planned

capital actions, plus (ii) one year of planned common stock dividends. The SCB is reset each year. On August 29, 2025,

the Federal Reserve Board announced an SCB for each CCAR firm based on 2025 supervisory stress testing results,

which for DB USA Corporation was 11.5% and for DWS USA Corporation was 5.3%. This SCB became effective October 1,

2025. As discussed below, in October 2025 the Federal Reserve Board proposed a rule to disclose and seek public

comments on the supervisory stress testing models. Because this proposal remains subject to public comment, the

Federal Reserve Board is maintaining the SCB requirements for all participating firms at their current levels.

Consequently, absent further action from the Federal Reserve Board, DB USA Corporation’s and DWS USA Corporation’s

SCB is scheduled to be recalibrated in 2027. In April 2025, the Federal Reserve Board issued an NPR that proposed

amendments to the SCB rule (“Proposed SCB Averaging Rule”) intended to reduce volatility in the SCB requirement by

averaging the stress test results across the current and previous capital planning cycles.

In October 2025, the Federal Reserve Board also proposed a rule to enhance the transparency and accountability of its

annual stress test (“Proposed Stress Test Transparency Rule”). Under the proposal, the Federal Reserve Board would

codify an enhanced process for annually disclosing and seeking public comments on the supervisory stress testing

models and the annual supervisory stress test scenarios and make targeted changes to reporting requirements related to

stress testing. The Proposed Stress Test Transparency Rule would also amend the Federal Reserve Board’s framework for

designing stress testing scenarios and amend the Federal Reserve Board’s stress testing policy statement. The Federal

Reserve Board disclosed for public comment the 2026 supervisory stress testing models and scenarios.

Under the Proposed Stress Test Transparency Rule, the Federal Reserve Board would disclose proposed scenarios by

October 15 of the year prior to the year in which the stress test is performed. The Federal Reserve Board would disclose

all details of the final scenarios by March 1 of the year in which the stress test is performed. The Federal Reserve Board

would also publish the supervisory stress testing models, including any material proposed changes to the models, by May

15 of the year in which the stress test is performed. To accommodate the public comment process for proposed

scenarios and set the balance sheet date prior to the release of the proposed scenarios, the proposal would move the

jump-off date for the annual supervisory and company-run stress tests from December 31 to September 30, before the

proposed scenarios are disclosed. Under the proposal, the Federal Reserve Board would continue to publish the results

of the annual supervisory stress test by June 30 of each year.

Large U.S. bank holding companies and certain of their subsidiary depositary institutions are subject to U.S. LCR and net

stable funding ratio (NSFR) requirements that are generally consistent with the Basel Committee’s revised Basel III

liquidity standards. These requirements are each applicable to DB USA Corporation, DWS USA Corporation and DBTCA.

The current U.S. LCR requirements applicable to these entities provide for 85 percent coverage of net outflows over a

projected 30-day period. The current U.S. NSFR requirements applicable to these entities provide for 85 percent

coverage of the required amount of stable funding, so long as the IHCs’ combined weighted short term wholesale

funding remains below US$ 75 billion. These entities are required to publicly report LCR information on a quarterly basis

and NSFR information on a semi-annual basis.

72

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

The Federal Reserve Board’s TLAC rules require, among other things, the U.S. IHCs of non-U.S. G-SIBs, including DB USA

Corporation and DWS USA Corporation, to maintain a minimum TLAC amount, and separately require them to maintain a

minimum amount of eligible long-term debt. The required TLAC amount and the ability or inability of the IHC to count

long-term debt issued externally towards the requirements varies depending on the G-SIB’s planned resolution strategy.

DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation are each considered a “non-resolution covered IHC”, which means that

they are intended, under the planned global resolution strategy of their G-SIB parent (Deutsche Bank AG), to continue to

operate outside of resolution proceedings while the G-SIB parent is subject to a bail-in under the applicable European

resolution regime. The TLAC rules require a “non-resolution covered IHC” to maintain (i) internal minimum TLAC of at

least 16% of its risk-weighted assets, 6% of its Basel III leverage ratio denominator and 8% of its average total

consolidated assets, and (ii) internal eligible long-term debt of at least 6% of its risk-weighted assets, 2.5% of its Basel III

leverage ratio denominator and 3.5% of its average total consolidated assets. Eligible long-term debt instruments for

non-resolution covered IHCs are required to meet certain criteria, including issuance to a foreign company that controls

directly or indirectly the covered IHC or a foreign affiliate (a non-U.S. entity that is wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by

the non-U.S. G-SIB) and the inclusion of a contractual trigger allowing for, in limited circumstances, the immediate

conversion or exchange of some or all of the instrument into Common Equity Tier 1 instruments upon an order by the

Federal Reserve Board. Internal TLAC requirements may be satisfied with a combination of eligible long-term debt

instruments and Tier 1 capital. Each of DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation would also face restrictions on its

discretionary bonus payments and capital distributions if it fails to maintain a TLAC buffer consisting of Common Equity

Tier 1 capital above the minimum TLAC requirement equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The TLAC rules also prohibit

or limit the ability of DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation to engage in certain types of financial transactions.

In August 2023, the FDIC, Federal Reserve Board, and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency issued a joint NPR on

long-term debt requirements that would make limited amendments to the existing TLAC rules and would extend the

long term debt and clean-holding company portions of the Federal Reserve Board’s existing TLAC rule for U.S. G-SIBs

and U.S. IHCs of foreign G-SIBs to all large banking organizations with US$ 100 billion or more in total assets, with

virtually no tailoring and only a few other amendments to the existing TLAC rule. The timing and content of any final rule,

and the potential effects of any final rule, remain uncertain.

Furthermore, the Dodd-Frank Act provides for an extensive framework for the regulation of OTC derivatives, including

mandatory clearing, exchange trading and transaction reporting of certain OTC derivatives, as well as rules regarding

registration, capital, margin, business conduct standards, recordkeeping and other requirements for swap dealers,

security-based swap dealers, major swap participants and major security-based swap participants. The Commodity

Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has adopted rules implementing the most significant provisions of the Dodd-Frank

Act. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC imposes position limits on certain commodities and economically

equivalent swaps, futures and options. In addition, the CFTC's cross-border application of U.S. swap rules build on the

CFTC’s cross-border guidance from 2013 and related no-action relief letters. The Securities and Exchange Commission's

(SEC) rules regarding registration, capital, margin, risk-mitigation techniques, trade reporting, business conduct

standards, trade acknowledgement and verification requirements, recordkeeping and financial reporting, and cross-

border requirements for security-based swap dealers generally came into effect in November 2021, the first compliance

date for registration of security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants. Finally, the Federal

Reserve Board, the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Farm Credit Administration and the Federal

Housing Finance Agency impose rules establishing margin requirements for non-cleared swaps and security-based

swaps on swap dealers and security-based swap dealers that are subject to U.S. prudential regulations in lieu of the

CFTC’s and SEC’s margin rules.

In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act requires U.S. regulatory agencies to prescribe regulations with respect to incentive-

based compensation at financial institutions in order to prevent inappropriate behavior that could lead to a material

financial loss; such rules were proposed in 2011 and 2016, but were not finalized. Other provisions require issuers with

securities listed on U.S. stock exchanges to establish a “claw back” policy to recoup previously awarded executive

compensation in the event of an accounting restatement; in November 2022, the SEC adopted rules to implement these

provisions that cover foreign private issuers such as Deutsche Bank. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), on which

Deutsche Bank’s ordinary shares are listed, has adopted listing standards to implement these rules, pursuant to which

NYSE-listed issuers, including Deutsche Bank, were required to adopt a compensation recovery policy by December 1,

2023. The compensation recovery policies the bank has adopted are attached as Exhibits 97.1 and 97.2 hereto.

The Dodd-Frank Act also grants the SEC discretionary rule-making authority to impose a new fiduciary standard on

brokers, dealers and investment advisers, which the SEC has implemented through rules and interpretive guidance

applicable to the relationships between such entities and their retail customers. The Dodd-Frank Act also expands the

extraterritorial jurisdiction of U.S. courts over actions brought by the SEC or the United States with respect to violations

of the antifraud provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment

Advisers Act of 1940.

73

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

In March 2024, the SEC adopted rules that would have required U.S.-listed companies (such as Deutsche Bank) to

provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports, including climate-related

risks that have materially impacted, or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on, its business strategy, results of

operations, or financial condition. The rules also would have required disclosures related to climate-related risks, Scope 1

and Scope 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate-related financial metrics. These rules have now been stayed

by the SEC pending the outcome of ongoing litigation, which the SEC has declined to defend. However, bills proposed or

adopted by the legislatures of certain U.S. states may still impose disclosure or other sustainability requirements.

Deutsche Bank is monitoring such legislative developments and their impact on Deutsche Bank’s U.S. operations and

reporting obligations.

Regulatory Authorities

Deutsche Bank AG as well as its wholly owned subsidiary DB USA Corporation are bank holding companies under the U.S.

Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “Bank Holding Company Act“), by virtue of, among other things,

their ownership of DBTCA. Deutsche Bank AG and DB USA Corporation have elected to be financial holding companies

pursuant to the provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the “GLB Act”). As such, Deutsche Bank’s U.S. operations are

subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board as Deutsche Bank’s U.S. “umbrella

supervisor”.

DBTCA is a New York state-chartered bank whose deposits are insured by the FDIC to the extent permitted by law.

DBTCA is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board and the New York State

Department of Financial Services and to applicable FDIC rules. In addition, DBTCA is also subject to regulation by the

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau in relation to retail products and services offered to its customers. Deutsche Bank

Trust Company Delaware is a Delaware state-chartered bank which is subject to regulation, supervision and examination

by the FDIC and the Office of the State Bank Commissioner of Delaware. Deutsche Bank AG’s New York branch is

supervised by the Federal Reserve Board and the New York State Department of Financial Services. Deutsche Bank’s

federally chartered non-depository trust companies are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Office

of the Comptroller of the Currency. Deutsche Bank and its subsidiaries are also subject to regulation, supervision and

examination by state banking regulators of certain states in which they conduct banking operations.

Restrictions on Activities

As described below, federal and state banking laws, regulations and supervisory authorities restrict Deutsche Bank’s

ability to engage, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, in activities in the United States. Among other requirements,

Deutsche Bank and its subsidiaries are required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board before directly

or indirectly acquiring the ownership or control of more than 5% of any class of voting shares of U.S. banks, certain other

depository institutions, and bank or depository institution holding companies. Under applicable U.S. federal banking law,

Deutsche Bank’s U.S. banking operations are also restricted from engaging in certain “tying” arrangements involving

products and services.

Deutsche Bank’s two U.S. FDIC-insured bank subsidiaries, as well as its New York branch, are subject to requirements and

restrictions under federal and state law, including requirements to maintain reserves against deposits, restrictions on the

types and amounts of loans that may be made and the interest that may be charged thereon, and limitations on the types

of investments that may be made and the types of services that may be offered.

The Federal Reserve Board has implemented a supervisory rating system for bank holding companies with U.S.

$ 100 billion or more in total consolidated assets and for IHCs with U.S.$ 50 billion or more in total consolidated assets,

such as DB USA Corporation (the "LFI Rating System"). The LFI Rating System also generally applies to DWS USA

Corporation. Under the LFI Rating System, covered companies receive separate ratings from the Federal Reserve Board

for (i) capital planning and positions, (ii) liquidity risk management and positions and (iii) governance and controls. Each of

these component areas will receive one of the following four ratings: (i) Broadly Meets Expectations, (ii) Conditionally

Meets Expectations, (iii) Deficient-1, and (iv) Deficient-2. In November 2025, the Federal Reserve Board revised the LFI

Rating System, which is effective as of January 16, 2026. Following these revisions, a covered company with at least two

Broadly Meets Expectations or Conditionally Meets Expectations component ratings and no more than one Deficient-1

component rating would be considered “well managed.” The Federal Reserve Board’s revisions to the LFI Rating System

also removed the presumption that the Federal Reserve Board would bring a formal or informal enforcement action

against a covered company that receives one or more Deficient-1 ratings.

74

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

A financial institution’s status as a financial holding company, and resulting ability to engage in a broader range of non-

banking activities, are dependent on the institution and its subsidiary IHCs and insured U.S. depository institutions

qualifying as “well capitalized” and “well managed” under applicable regulations and upon the insured U.S. depository

institutions meeting certain requirements under the Community Reinvestment Act. The Federal Reserve Board’s and

other U.S. regulators’ “well capitalized” standards are generally based on specified quantitative thresholds set at levels

above the minimum requirements to be considered “adequately capitalized.” For Deutsche Bank’s two insured depository

institution subsidiaries, DBTCA and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Delaware, the well-capitalized thresholds under the

U.S. Basel III framework are a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8%, a Total capital ratio

of 10%, and a U.S. leverage ratio of 5%. For bank holding companies, including Deutsche Bank AG and DB USA

Corporation, the well-capitalized thresholds are a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% and a Total capital ratio of 10%, both of which

in the case of Deutsche Bank AG are calculated for Deutsche Bank AG under its home country standards.

State-chartered banks (such as DBTCA) and state-licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks (such as the New

York branch) may not, with certain exceptions that require prior regulatory approval, engage as principal in any type of

activity not permissible for their federally chartered or licensed counterparts. In addition, DBTCA and Deutsche Bank

Trust Company Delaware are subject to their respective state banking laws pertaining to legal lending limits and

permissible investments and activities. Likewise, the United States federal banking laws also subject state-licensed

branches and agencies of foreign banking organizations to the single-borrower lending limits that apply to federally

licensed branches or agencies, which are substantially similar to the lending limits applicable to national banks. The

single-borrower lending limits applicable to branches and agencies are calculated based on the dollar equivalent of the

capital of the foreign bank (i.e., Deutsche Bank AG in the case of the New York branch).

The Federal Reserve Board may terminate the activities of any U.S. office of a foreign bank if it determines that the

foreign bank is not subject to comprehensive supervision on a consolidated basis in its home country or that there is

reasonable cause to believe that such foreign bank or its affiliate has violated the law or engaged in an unsafe or unsound

banking practice in the United States or, for a foreign bank that presents a risk to the stability of the United States

financial system, the home country of the foreign bank has not adopted, or made demonstrable progress toward

adopting, an appropriate system of financial regulation to mitigate such risk.

Also, under the so-called swaps “push-out” provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, certain structured finance derivatives

activities of FDIC-insured banks and U.S. branch offices of foreign banks (including Deutsche Bank’s New York branch)

are restricted.

There are various qualitative and quantitative restrictions on the extent to which Deutsche Bank and its non-bank

subsidiaries can borrow or otherwise obtain credit from Deutsche Bank’s U.S. banking subsidiaries or engage in certain

other transactions involving those subsidiaries, including derivative transactions and securities borrowing or lending

transactions. In general, these transactions must be on terms that would ordinarily be offered to unaffiliated entities,

must be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral and are subject to volume limitations. These restrictions

also apply to certain transactions of Deutsche Bank’s New York branch with its U.S. broker-dealers and certain of its other

U.S. affiliates.

A major focus of U.S. governmental policy relating to financial institutions is aimed at preventing money laundering and

terrorist financing and compliance with economic sanctions in respect of designated countries, persons or activities.

Failure of an institution to have policies and procedures and controls in place to prevent, detect and report money

laundering and terrorist financing could in some cases have serious legal, financial and reputational consequences for

the institution.

75

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

New York Branch

The New York branch of Deutsche Bank AG is licensed by the Superintendent of the New York State Department of

Financial Services to conduct a commercial banking business and is required to maintain and pledge eligible high-quality

assets with banks in the State of New York. The Superintendent of Financial Services may also impose asset maintenance

requirements on foreign banks with branch offices in New York. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board is authorized to

impose institution-specific asset maintenance requirements under certain conditions, pursuant to the Tailoring Rules.

The New York State Banking Law authorizes the Superintendent of Financial Services to take possession of the business

and property of a New York branch of a foreign bank under certain circumstances, generally involving violation of law,

conduct of business in an unsafe manner, impairment of capital, suspension of payment of obligations, or initiation of

liquidation proceedings against the foreign bank at its domicile or elsewhere. In liquidating or dealing with a branch’s

business after taking possession of a branch, only the claims of depositors and other creditors which arose out of

transactions with a branch are to be accepted by the Superintendent of Financial Services for payment out of the

business and property of the foreign bank in the State of New York or in the United States and reflected on the books of

the New York branch, without prejudice to the rights of the holders of such claims to be satisfied out of other assets of

the foreign bank. After such claims are paid, the Superintendent of Financial Services will turn over the remaining assets,

if any, first to the liquidators of other offices of the foreign bank that are being liquidated in the United States and then, if

any assets remain, to the foreign bank or its duly appointed liquidator or receiver.

The New York branch’s deposits and other note obligations are not insured by the FDIC. In general, under the

International Banking Act and FDIC regulations, the New York branch is not permitted to engage in domestic retail

deposit activity (accepting an initial deposit of less than US$250,000). The New York branch may not engage as principal

in any type of activity that is not permissible for a federally licensed branch of a foreign bank unless the Federal Reserve

Board has determined that such activity is consistent with sound banking practice. The New York branch must also

comply with the same single borrower (or issuer) lending and investment limits applicable to federally licensed branches,

which are substantially similar to the lending limits applicable to national banks, as well as those imposed by the New

York State Banking Law. The lending limits applicable to the New York branch take into account credit exposures from

derivative transactions. These limits are based on the foreign bank's worldwide capital. In addition, regulations that the

U.S. Financial Stability Oversight Council or other regulators may adopt could affect the nature of the activities which

the New York branch may conduct, and may impose restrictions and limitations on the conduct of such activities.

Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA) provides for extensive regulation of

depository institutions (such as DBTCA and its direct and indirect parent companies), including requiring federal banking

regulators to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to FDIC-insured banks that do not meet minimum capital

requirements. As an insured bank’s capital level declines and the bank falls into lower categories (or if it is placed in a

lower category by the discretionary action of its supervisor), greater limits are placed on its activities and federal banking

regulators are authorized (and, in many cases, required) to take increasingly more stringent supervisory actions, which

could ultimately include the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the bank (even if it is solvent). In addition,

FDICIA generally prohibits an FDIC-insured bank from making any capital distribution (including payment of a dividend)

or payment of a management fee to its holding company if the bank would thereafter be undercapitalized. If an insured

bank becomes “undercapitalized”, it is required to submit to federal regulators a capital restoration plan guaranteed by

the bank’s holding company. Since the enactment of FDICIA, both of Deutsche Bank’s U.S. insured bank subsidiaries have

maintained capital above the “well capitalized” standards, the highest capital category under applicable regulations.

DBTCA, like other FDIC-insured banks, is required to pay assessments to the FDIC for deposit insurance under the FDIC’s

Deposit Insurance Fund (calculated using the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system). The minimum reserve ratio for the

Deposit Insurance Fund was increased under the Dodd-Frank Act from 1.15% to 1.35%. After having reached 1.35% as of

September 30, 2018, the reserve ratio had declined below that amount following extraordinary growth in insured

deposits across the banking industry in the first and second quarters of 2020. In response to this, the FDIC adopted a

restoration plan to restore the Deposit Insurance Fund to 1.35% by September 28, 2028. The restoration plan, as

amended, incorporates an increase in initial base deposit assessment rate schedules uniformly by two basis points

beginning in the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. Such increase is applicable to insured depositary institutions

generally, including to DBTCA.

76

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Regulation and Supervision

In November 2023, the FDIC approved a final rule to implement a special assessment to recover the loss to the Deposit

Insurance Fund associated with protecting uninsured depositors following the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and

Signature Bank. The special assessment allows banking organizations to deduct US$ 5 billion of uninsured deposits from

their insured depository institutions’ assessment bases. For banking organizations like DB USA Corporation that have

multiple insured depository institutions, the deduction is distributed across the affiliated insured depository institutions.

On December 16, 2025, the FDIC issued an interim final rule providing that the FDIC collect the special assessment at an

annual rate of approximately 13.4 basis points through the quarter with a payment date of December 31, 2025, and

reduce the special assessment for the eighth and final assessment period to 2.97 basis points, payable on March 30,

2026. Under the interim final rule, upon termination of the FDIC’s receiverships of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature

Bank, the FDIC will either provide an offset to insured depository institutions, if the special assessment amount then-

collected exceeds losses, or collect from insured depository institutions a one-time final shortfall special assessment, if

losses exceed the special assessment amount then-collected. In addition, the FDIC will provide an offset to regular

quarterly deposit insurance assessments for banks subject to the special assessment if, following the final resolution of

litigation between the FDIC and SVB Financial Trust, the total amount collected through the special assessment exceeds

the loss estimate at that time.

In addition, the FDIC has set the designated reserve ratio at 2% as a long-term goal.

The FDIC’s standard maximum deposit insurance amount per depositor at an insured depository institution is

US$ 250,000.

Other

In the United States, Deutsche Bank’s U.S. registered broker-dealer subsidiaries are regulated by the SEC. Broker-dealers

are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales methods, trade practices

among broker-dealers, use and safekeeping of customers’ funds and securities, capital structure, recordkeeping, the

financing of customers’ purchases and the conduct of directors, officers and employees.

Deutsche Bank’s principal U.S. SEC-registered broker-dealer subsidiary, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., is a member of

the NYSE (and other securities exchanges) and is regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA)

and the individual state securities authorities in the states in which it operates. The U.S. government agencies and self-

regulatory organizations, as well as state securities authorities in the United States having jurisdiction over Deutsche

Bank’s U.S. broker-dealer affiliates, are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure,

fine, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or its directors, officers or

employees. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. is also registered with and regulated by the SEC as an investment adviser, and

by the CFTC and the National Futures Association as a futures commission merchant and commodity pool operator.

Under the Dodd-Frank Act, entities that are swap dealers or major swap participants are required to register with the

CFTC and entities that are security-based swap dealers or major security-based swap participants are required to register

with the SEC. Deutsche Bank AG is registered as a swap dealer with the CFTC and a security-based swap dealer with the

SEC. As a registrant, Deutsche Bank AG is subject to certain requirements relating to capital, margin, business conduct

standards and recordkeeping, among others.

77

Deutsche Bank	Item 4: Information on the company
Annual Report 2025 on Form 20-F	Organizational Structure

Organizational Structure

In 2025, Deutsche Bank operated its business along the structure of four corporate divisions. Deutsche Bank AG is the

direct or indirect holding company for its subsidiaries. The following table sets forth the significant subsidiaries the

Group owns, directly or indirectly, as of December 31, 2025. Deutsche Bank used the three-part test set out in Section

1-02 (w) of Regulation S-X under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to determine significance. The bank does not

have any other subsidiaries it believes are material based on other less quantifiable factors.

Deutsche Bank owns 100% of the equity and voting interests in these subsidiaries except for DWS Group GmbH & Co.

KGaA, of which it owns 79.49% of equity and voting interests. These subsidiaries are included in the consolidated

financial statements and prepare standalone financial statements as of December 31, 2025. The principal countries of

operations are the same as the countries of incorporation.

Subsidiary		Place of Incorporation
DB USA Corporation1		Delaware, United States
Deutsche Bank Americas Holding Corporation2		Delaware, United States
DB U.S. Financial Markets Holding Corporation3		Delaware, United States
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.4		Delaware, United States
Deutsche Bank Trust Corporation5		New York, United States
Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas6		New York, United States
Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A.7		Luxembourg
DB Beteiligungs-Holding GmbH8		Frankfurt am Main, Germany
DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA9		Frankfurt am Main, Germany

1DB USA Corporation is the top-level holding company for its subsidiaries in the United States.

2Deutsche Bank Americas Holding Corporation is a second tier holding company for subsidiaries in the United States.

3DB U.S. Financial Markets Holding Corporation is a second tier holding company for subsidiaries in the United States.

4Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. is a U.S. company registered as a broker dealer and investment advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission and as a futures

commission merchant with the Commodities Futures Trading Commission.

5Deutsche Bank Trust Corporation is a bank holding company under Federal Reserve Board regulations.

6Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas is a New York State-chartered bank and member of the Federal Reserve System. It originates loans and other forms of credit,

accepts deposits, arranges financings and provides numerous other commercial banking and financial services.

7The company's primary business model comprises loan business with international clients (Corporate Bank & Investment Bank), where the bank acts globally as lending

office and as risk transfer hub for the Strategic Corporate Lending of Deutsche Bank, as well as structured finance activities covering long-term infrastructure projects

and high quality investment goods. Furthermore, the bank offers tailor-made solutions with a wide range of products and services to their ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW)

clients.

8The company holds the majority stake in DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA.

9The company is a partnership limited by shares (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien) with a German limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) as a

general partner. The business purpose of the company is the holding of participations in as well as the management and support of a group of financial services providers.

Following the public listing on March 23, 2018 on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange Deutsche Bank Group owns 79.49% of equity and voting interests in the entity.

Property and Equipment

As of December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank operated in 55 countries out of 1,179 branches around the world, of which

64% were located in Germany. The Group leases a majority of its offices and branches under long-term agreements.

Deutsche Bank continues to review its property requirements worldwide taking into account cost containment measures

as well as growth initiatives in selected businesses. Please see Note 21 “Property and Equipment” to the consolidated

financial statements for further information.

Information required by subpart 1400 of SEC Regulation S-K

Please see pages S-1 through S-13 of the Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited), which pages are included

herein, for information required by subpart 1400 of SEC Regulation S-K.

78

Deutsche Bank	Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Item 4A: Unresolved Staff Comments

Deutsche Bank has not received written comments from the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding its periodic

reports under the Exchange Act, as of any day 180 days or more before the end of the fiscal year to which this Annual

Report relates, which remain unresolved.

Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and

Prospects

Overview

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the

related notes to them included in “Item 18: Financial Statements” of this document, on which Deutsche Bank has based

this discussion and analysis.

The Group has prepared its consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International

Accounting Standards Board.

Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

The Group’s material accounting policies are essential to understanding its reported results of operations and financial

condition. Certain of these accounting policies require critical accounting estimates that involve complex and subjective

judgments and the use of assumptions, some of which may be for matters that are inherently uncertain and susceptible

to change. Such critical accounting estimates could change from period to period and have a material impact on the

bank’s financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Critical accounting estimates could also

involve estimates where management could have reasonably used another estimate in the current accounting period.

Actual results may differ from these estimates if conditions or underlying circumstances were to change. See Note 01

“Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates” to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion

on the Group’s material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates.

Deutsche Bank has identified the following material accounting policies that involve critical accounting estimates:

–The impairment of loans and provisions for off-balance sheet positions

–The impairment of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

–The determination of fair value

–The recognition of trade date profit

–The impairment of goodwill and other intangibles

–The recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets

–The accounting for legal and regulatory contingencies and uncertain tax positions

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements and new

accounting pronouncements

See Note 2 “Recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements” to the consolidated financial statements for a

discussion on the Group’s recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements.

79

Deutsche Bank	Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Operating results

Operating results

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the bank’s consolidated financial statements.

Executive summary

Please see “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Executive summary” in the Annual Report

2025.

Trends and uncertainties

For insight into the trends impacting the bank’s performance please see the “Combined Management Report: Operating

and financial review” section of the Annual Report 2025. Key risks and uncertainties for the bank are discussed in “Item 3:

Key Information – Risk Factors”.

The Group’s aspirations are subject to various external and internal factors, some of which the bank cannot influence.

Successful achievement of the bank’s strategic targets may be adversely impacted by reduced revenue generating

capacities of some of the bank’s core businesses should downside risks crystallize. These risks include but are not limited

to uncertainty around U.S. trade policy, the wider implications of U.S. actions in Venezuela and discourse on Greenland,

Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, cyber events, the ongoing headwinds posed by regulatory reforms or regulatory actions

to address perceived weaknesses in the financial sector and potential impacts on the bank’s legal and regulatory

proceedings.

While the Group continuously plans and adapts to changing situations, the bank runs the risk that a significant

deterioration in the global macroeconomic environment, an adverse change in market confidence in the banking sector

and/or client behavior, as well as higher competition, inflation or unforeseen costs could lead to the bank missing its

financial targets and capital objectives. As such, Deutsche Bank may incur unexpected losses including impairments and

provisions, experience lower than planned profitability or an erosion of the bank’s capital or liquidity base and broader

financial condition, leading to a material adverse effect on Deutsche Bank’s results of operations and share price.

In addition to the risks outlined above, risks to the divisional outlook include second order effects on energy and supply

chain disruptions from geopolitical uncertainty which may also have an adverse impact on client activity. Client activity

and investors’ confidence could also be impacted by market uncertainties including higher than expected volatility in

equity and credit markets.

Results of operations

Please see “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Results of operations” in the Annual Report

2025 and the Group’s discussion of Non-GAAP financial measures in the “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-

GAAP financial measures”.

Financial position

Please see “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Financial position” in the Annual Report

2025.

80

Deutsche Bank	Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Liquidity and capital resources

Liquidity and capital resources

Deutsche Bank believes that its working capital is sufficient for the bank’s present requirements.

For a detailed discussion of the bank’s liquidity risk management, see “Combined Management Report: Risk Report:

Liquidity risk” in the Annual Report 2025.

For a detailed discussion of the Group’s capital management, see “Combined Management Report: Risk Report: Capital

management” in the Annual Report 2025.

Post-employment benefit plans

Please see “Combined Management Report: Employees: Post-employment benefit plans” in the Annual Report 2025.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

For information on the nature, purpose and extent of the Group’s off-balance sheet arrangements, please see Note 38

“Structured entities” to the consolidated financial statements. For further information on off-balance sheet

arrangements, including allowances for off-balance sheet positions, please refer to “Combined Management Report: Risk

Report: Asset quality: Allowance for credit losses” in the Annual Report 2025 and Note 19 “Allowance for credit losses”

to the consolidated financial statements. For information on irrevocable lending commitments and contingent liabilities

with respect to third parties, please see Note 28 “Credit related commitments and contingent liabilities” to the

consolidated financial statements.

Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations

Please see “Combined Management Report: Operating and financial review: Tabular disclosure of contractual

obligations” in the Annual Report 2025.

Research and development, patents and licenses

Not applicable.

81

Deutsche Bank	Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Directors and Senior Management

Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and

Employees

Directors and Senior Management

In accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz), Deutsche Bank has a Management Board

(Vorstand) and a Supervisory Board (Aufsichtsrat). The German Stock Corporation Act prohibits simultaneous

membership on both the Management Board and the Supervisory Board. The members of the Management Board are the

executive officers of the company. The Management Board is responsible for managing the company and representing

the bank in dealings with third parties. The Supervisory Board oversees the Management Board, appoints and recalls its

members and determines their remuneration and other compensation components, including pension benefits.

According to German law, the Supervisory Board represents Deutsche Bank in dealings with members of the

Management Board. Therefore, no members of the Management Board may enter into any agreement with Deutsche

Bank without the prior consent of the Supervisory Board.

The Supervisory Board has defined that, in general, a Management Board member should not be older at the end of his or

her appointment period than the regular retirement age according to the rules of the German statutory pension

insurance scheme applicable in Germany for the long-time insured to claim an early retirement pension

(“Renteneineintrittsalter zur vorzeitigen Inanspruchnahme der Altersrente für langjährig Versicherte”), which is currently

63 years of age. Age limits also exist for the members of the Supervisory Board according to the terms of reference

(Geschäftsordnung) for the Supervisory Board. There is a maximum age limit of 70 years for members of the Supervisory

Board. In exceptional cases, a Supervisory Board member can be elected or appointed for a period that extends no longer

than until the end of the fourth ordinary general meeting that takes place after he/she has reached the age of 70.

The Supervisory Board may not make management decisions. However, German law and Deutsche Bank’s Articles of

Association (Satzung) require the Management Board to obtain the approval of the Supervisory Board for certain actions.

The most important of these actions are:

–Granting of general powers of attorney (Generalvollmachten). A general power of attorney authorizes its holder to

represent the company in substantially all legal matters without limitation to the affairs of a specific office

–Acquisitions and disposals (including transactions carried out by a dependent company) of real estate insofar as the

object involves more than € 500,000,000

–Granting of credits, including the acquisition of participations in other companies, where the German Banking Act

(Kreditwesengesetz) requires approval by the Supervisory Board. In particular, pursuant to the German Banking Act, it

requires of the Supervisory Board inter alia the approval if the bank grants a loan (to the extent legally permissible) to

a member of the Management Board or the Supervisory Board or one of the bank’s employees who holds a

procuration (Prokura) or general power of attorney, and

–Acquisitions and disposals (including transactions carried out by a dependent company) of other participations,

insofar as the object involves more than € 1 billion. The Supervisory Board must be informed without delay of any

acquisition or disposal of such participations involving more than € 500,000,000

The Management Board must submit regular reports or ad-hoc reports, as the case may be, to the Supervisory Board on

its current operations and future business planning as well as on its risk situation. The Supervisory Board may also request

special reports from the Management Board at any time.

With respect to voting powers, a member of the Supervisory Board or the Management Board may not vote on

resolutions open to a vote at a board meeting if the proposed resolution concerns:

–A legal transaction between Deutsche Bank and the respective member, or

–Commencement, settlement or completion of legal proceedings between Deutsche Bank and the respective member

A member of the Supervisory Board or the Management Board may not directly or indirectly exercise voting rights on

resolutions open to a vote at a shareholders’ meeting (Hauptversammlung, which the bank refers to as the General

Meeting) if the proposed resolution concerns:

–Ratification of the member’s acts

–A discharge of liability of the member, or

–Enforcement of a claim against the member by the bank.

82

Deutsche Bank	Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Directors and Senior Management

Supervisory Board and Management Board

In carrying out their duties, members of both the Management Board and the Supervisory Board must exercise the

standard of care of a prudent and diligent businessperson, and they are liable to the bank for damages if they fail to do

so.

The liability of the members of the Management Board or the Supervisory Board under the German Stock Corporation

Act for breach of their fiduciary duties is to the company rather than individual shareholders. However, individual

shareholders that hold at least 1% or € 100,000 of the subscribed capital and are granted standing by the court may also

invoke such liability to the company. The underlying concept is that all shareholders should benefit equally from

amounts received under this liability by adding such amounts to the company’s assets rather than disbursing them to

plaintiff shareholders. Deutsche Bank may waive the right to claim damages or settle these claims if at least three years

have passed since the alleged breach and if the shareholders approve the waiver or settlement at the General Meeting

with a simple majority of the votes cast, and provided that opposing shareholders holding, in the aggregate, one tenth or

more of its share capital do not have their opposition formally noted in the minutes.

Supervisory Board

The German Co-Determination Act of 1976 (Mitbestimmungsgesetz) requires the bank’s Supervisory Board to have

twenty members, which is also reflected in the Articles of Association. In the event that the number of members of the

Supervisory Board falls below twenty, upon application to a competent court, the court must appoint replacement

members to serve on the board until regular appointments are made by the General Meeting (with respect to shareholder

representatives) or the employees and their representatives (with respect to employee representatives).

The German Co-Determination Act of 1976 (Mitbestimmungsgesetz) requires that the shareholders elect half of the

members of the supervisory board of large German companies, such as Deutsche Bank, and that employees in Germany

elect the other half. None of the current members of either of the bank’s boards were selected pursuant to any

arrangement or understandings with major shareholders, customers or others.

Each member of the Supervisory Board generally serves for a fixed term of approximately five years. For the election of

shareholder representatives, the term of shareholder representatives is usually limited to approximately four years by the

General Meeting since 2021. Pursuant to German law, the term expires at the latest at the end of the Annual General

Meeting that approves and ratifies such member’s actions in the fourth fiscal year after the year in which the Supervisory

Board member was elected. Supervisory Board members may also be re-elected. The shareholders may, by a majority of

the votes cast in a General Meeting, remove any member of the Supervisory Board the shareholders have elected in a

General Meeting. The employees may remove any member they have elected by a vote of three-quarters of the

employee votes cast.

The members of the Supervisory Board elect the chairperson and the deputy chairperson(s) of the Supervisory Board.

Traditionally, the chairperson is a representative of the shareholders, and the first deputy chairperson is a representative

of the employees. At least half of the members of the Supervisory Board must be present at a meeting or must have

submitted their vote in writing to constitute a quorum. In general, approval by a simple majority of the members of the

Supervisory Board present and voting is required to pass a resolution. In the case of a deadlock, the resolution is put to a

second vote. In the case of a second deadlock, the chairperson has the deciding vote.

For additional information on Deutsche Bank’s Supervisory Board, including a table providing the names of and

biographical information for the current members, see “Corporate Governance Statement: Supervisory Board:

Supervisory Board” in the Annual Report 2025.

83

Deutsche Bank	Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Directors and Senior Management

Committees of the Supervisory Board

For information on the committees of the bank’s Supervisory Board, please see “Corporate Governance Statement:

Supervisory Board: Committees of the Supervisory Board” in the Annual Report 2025.

The business address of the members of the Supervisory Board is the same as Deutsche Bank’s business address,

Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Management Board

Deutsche Bank’s Articles of Association require the Management Board to have at least three members. The

Management Board currently has ten members. The Supervisory Board has also appointed a Chairman (CEO) and a

Deputy Chairman (President) of the Management Board.

The Supervisory Board appoints and oversees the members of the Management Board. The initial appointment is for a

maximum of three years. Members may be re-appointed or have their terms extended for one or more terms of up to a

maximum of five years each, although also re-appointments, as a rule, shall be for a maximum of three years. The

Supervisory Board may remove a member of the Management Board prior to the expiration of his or her term for good

reason.

Pursuant to Deutsche Bank’s Articles of Association, two members of the Management Board, or one member of the

Management Board together with a holder of procuration, may represent the bank for legal purposes. A holder of

procuration is an attorney-in-fact who holds a legally defined power of attorney under German law, which cannot be

restricted with respect to third parties. However, pursuant to German law, the Management Board as a whole must

resolve on certain matters and may neither delegate the decision to one or more individual members. In particular, the

Management Board may not delegate the determination of the bank’s business and risk strategies, and the coordinating

or controlling responsibilities. The Management Board is required to ensure that shareholders are treated on an equal

basis and receive equal information. The Management Board is also responsible for ensuring proper business

organization, which includes appropriate and effective risk management as well as compliance with legal requirements

and internal guidelines, and for taking the necessary measures to ensure that adequate internal guidelines are developed

and implemented.

Other selected responsibilities of the Management Board in accordance with the Terms of Reference for the

Management Board and/or German law are:

–Appointing key personnel at the level directly below the Management Board, in particular, appointing the Global Key

Function Holders employed by the bank

–Making decisions regarding significant credit exposures or other risks which have not been delegated to individual risk

management units

–Acquisition and disposal of equity investments, including capital measures in all cases in which (i) the law or the

Articles of Association require approval by the Supervisory Board, or (ii) the equivalent of € 100 million is exceeded

–Acquisition and disposal of real estate – directly or by separate legal entities, in all cases in which: (i) the law or the

Articles of Association require approval by the Supervisory Board, or (ii) the real estate’s equivalent exceeds

€ 100 million

–Individual vendor or intra Group-outsourcings (or material changes to those outsourcings) in all cases in which the

equivalent of € 100 million is exceeded on an annual basis or include the delegation of core organizational duties of

the Management Board

–Calling shareholders’ meetings

–Filing petitions to set aside shareholders’ resolutions

–Preparing and executing shareholders’ resolutions and

–Reporting to the Supervisory Board

For additional information on Deutsche Bank’s Management Board, including the names of and biographical information

for the current members, see “Corporate Governance Statement: Management Board: Composition of the Management

Board” in the Annual Report 2025. The Terms of Reference of the Management Board are published on the bank’s

website www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm.

84

Deutsche Bank	Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Board practices of the Management Board

Board practices of the Management Board

The Terms of Reference for the Management Board are in accordance with the Supervisory Board resolution of

September 5, 2025. These Terms of Reference provide that the members of the Management Board have the collective

responsibility for managing Deutsche Bank. Notwithstanding this principle, the allocation of functional responsibilities to

the individual members of the Management Board and member substitutions (in case of temporary absence) are set out

in the Business Allocation Plan for the Management Board in accordance with the Supervisory Board resolution of

December 10, 2025. The allocation of functional responsibilities does not exempt any member of the Management Board

from collective responsibility for the management of the business. The members of the Management Board are

responsible for the proper performance and/or delegation of its duties and the clear allocation of accountabilities and

responsibilities within the area of its functional responsibility (so-called “Ressort”) in accordance with the Business

Allocation Plan.

Members of the Management Board are bound to the corporate interest of Deutsche Bank. No member of the

Management Board may pursue personal interests in his or her decisions or use business opportunities intended for the

company for himself/herself. To the extent permitted by German law, individual members of the Management Board may

assume mandates outside of Deutsche Bank Group, honorary offices or special assignments. In order to effectively

prevent any conflicts of interest, the members of the Management Board may accept such positions only upon the

approval of the other members of the Management Board and the Chairman’s Committee of the Supervisory Board.

Management Board members generally do not accept the role of chair of supervisory boards of companies outside the

Group. Board members are required to disclose any perceived, or foreseeable conflicts of interest within their area of

responsibility as allocated in the Business Allocation Plan to the Chief Executive Officer, ensuring proper assessment and

management under the bank's overarching conflicts framework. Also, all members of the Management Board shall

disclose any existing or foreseeable conflicts between their own personal interests or the interests of persons they are

close to or companies they are associated with and the interests of the Group to the Chairperson of the Supervisory

Board and the Chief Executive Officer without undue delay and shall inform the other members of the Management

Board thereof, as appropriate.

Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act requires that the management board and supervisory board of any

German stock exchange-listed company declare annually that the company complies with the recommendations of the

German Corporate Governance Code or, if not, which recommendations the company does not comply with and why it

does not comply with these recommendations (so-called “comply or explain”-principle). On some points, these

recommendations go beyond the requirements of the German Stock Corporation Act. The Management Board and

Supervisory Board issued a new Declaration of Conformity in accordance with Section 161 of the German Stock

Corporation Act in October 2025, which is available on the bank’s internet website at www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm

under the heading “Declaration of Conformity pursuant to Section 161 German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), Oct 2025”.

For information on the Management Board’s terms of office, please see “Corporate Governance Statement: Management

Board: Composition of the Management Board” in the Annual Report 2025. For details of the Management Board’s

service contracts providing benefits upon termination, please see “Compensation Report: Benefits as of the end of the

mandate” and “Compensation Report: Benefits upon Early Termination” in the Management Report of the Annual Report

2025.

The allocation of functional responsibilities to the individual members of the Management Board is described in the

Business Allocation Plan for the Management Board, which sets the framework for the delegation of responsibilities to

senior management below the Management Board. The Management Board endorses individual accountability of senior

position holders as opposed to joint decision-taking in committees. At the same time, the Management Board recognizes

the importance of having comprehensive and robust information across all businesses in order to take well informed

decisions and established, in addition to Infrastructure Committees, Business Executive Committees and Regional

Committees, the “Group Management Committee” which aims to improve the information flow across the Corporate

Divisions and between the Corporate Divisions and the Management Board. The Group Management Committee as a

senior platform, which is not required by the German Stock Corporation Act, is composed of all Management Board

members as well as most senior business representatives to exchange information and discuss business, growth and

profitability.

85

Deutsche Bank	Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Compensation

Compensation

For information on the compensation of the members of the bank’s Management Board, see "Compensation Report:

Management Board Compensation Report” in the Annual Report 2025.

For information on the compensation of the members of the bank’s employees, see "Compensation Report: Employee

Compensation Report” in the Annual Report 2025.

For information on the compensation of the members of the bank’s Supervisory Board, see "Compensation Report:

Compensation System for Supervisory Board Members” in the Annual Report 2025.

Employees

Labor Relations

In Germany, labor unions and employers’ associations generally negotiate collective bargaining agreements on salaries and

benefits for employees below the management level. Many companies in Germany, including Deutsche Bank and its material

German subsidiaries, are members of the employers’ association and are bound by collective bargaining agreements.

Accordingly, the bank’s employers’ association, the “Arbeitgeberverband des privaten Bankgewerbes e.V.”, regularly

renegotiates the collective bargaining agreements that cover many of the Group’s employees. The last agreement was

reached in July 2024. As part of the final package, salaries were increased in three steps by in total 10.5%, the first step

being 5.5% from August 2024, the second step being 3.0% from August 2025 and the third step being 2.0% from July

2026. This collective wage agreement will last until end of September 2026.

Deutsche Bank’s employers’ association negotiates with the following unions:

–ver.di (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft)

–Deutscher Bankangestellten Verband (DBV – Gewerkschaft der Finanzdienstleister)

Many employees of Deutsche Bank, who are former employees of the merged Postbank, are covered by in-house

collective bargaining agreements that are agreed between Deutsche Bank and trade unions directly.

The last agreement was reached in May 2024. As part of the final package, salaries were increased in two steps by a total

of 11.5%, the first step being 7.0% but at least € 270 from June 2024 and the second step being 4.5% from July 2025.

This collective wage agreement will last until end of March 2026.

In the aforementioned context, Deutsche Bank negotiates with the following unions:

–ver.di (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft)

–Deutscher Bankangestellten Verband (DBV – Gewerkschaft der Finanzdienstleister)

–Kommunikationsgewerkschaft DPV (DPVKOM)

–komba gewerkschaft (komba)

As German law prohibits the bank from asking its employees whether they are members of labor unions, there is no

record of how many of the bank’s employees are union members.

On the basis of the agreement on cross-border information and consultation of Deutsche Bank employees in the EU

concluded on September 10, 1996, all employees in the EU are represented by the European Works Council. This adds

up to around 48% of the Group's total workforce.

Share Ownership

For the share ownership of the Group’s Management Board, see “Management Report: Compensation Report:

Shareholding Guidelines” in the Annual Report 2025.

For the share ownership of the members of the Supervisory Board, see “Corporate Governance Statement: Supervisory

Board: Share ownership of Supervisory Board members ” in the Annual Report 2025.

For a description of the Group’s employee share programs, please see Note 33 “Employee Benefits” to the consolidated

financial statements.

86

Deutsche Bank	Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Major Shareholders

Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party

Transactions

Major Shareholders

On December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank’s issued share capital amounted to €4,891,082,181.12 divided into

1,910,578,977 no par value ordinary registered shares.

On December 19, 2025, Deutsche Bank cancelled 37,673,908 of no par value ordinary registered shares owned by

Deutsche Bank, representing € 96,445,204.48. Following this cancellation, Deutsche Bank’s issued share capital

amounted to € 4,981,082,181.12 divided into 1,910,578,977 no par value ordinary registered shares.

On December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank had 519,416 registered shareholders. 855,864,529 of the bank’s shares were

registered in the names of 509,565 shareholders resident in Germany, representing 44.80% of the share capital.

264,517,200 of Deutsche Bank’s shares were registered in the names of 531 shareholders resident in the United States,

representing 13.84% of the share capital.

The German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz) requires investors in publicly-traded corporations whose

investments reach or cross certain thresholds to notify both the corporation and the BaFin of such change within four

trading days. The minimum disclosure threshold is 3% of the corporation’s issued voting share capital.

BlackRock, Inc., Wilmington, DE, has notified Deutsche Bank that as of January 19, 2026 it held 7.92% of the bank’s

shares. Deutsche Bank has received no further notification by BlackRock, Inc., Wilmington, DE, through February 16,

2026.

The Capital Group Companies, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, has notified Deutsche Bank that as of August 22, 2025 it held 4.94%

of the bank’s shares. Deutsche Bank has received no further notification by The Capital Group Companies, Inc., Los

Angeles, CA, through February 16, 2026.

Paramount Service Holding Ltd. S.ÀR.L., British Virgin Islands, has notified Deutsche Bank that as of January 25, 2023 it

held 4.54% of the bank’s shares. Deutsche Bank has received no further notification by Paramount Service Holding Ltd.

S.ÀR.L., British Virgin Islands, through February 16, 2026.

Supreme Universal Holdings Ltd., Cayman Islands, has notified Deutsche Bank that as of August 20, 2015 it held 3.05% of

the bank’s shares. Deutsche Bank has received no further notification by Supreme Universal Holdings Ltd., Cayman

Islands, through February 16, 2026.

Amundi S.A., Paris, France, has notified Deutsche Bank that as of December 23, 2025 it held 3.00% of the bank's shares.

Deutsche Bank has received no further notification by Amundi S.A., Paris, France, through February 16, 2026.

Over the last three years, Deutsche Bank has been notified of the following changes with regards to the minimum

disclosure threshold.

87

Deutsche Bank	Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Major Shareholders

		Disclosure date		% of outstanding shares held at disclosure date
Amundi S.A.		December 23, 2025		3.00
		November 24, 2025		2.88
		November 20, 2025		3.02
		November 11, 2025		2.84
		November 10, 2025		3.00
		October 23, 2025		2.88
		October 22, 2025		3.00
		February 1, 2023		2.97
BlackRock, Inc.		January 19, 2026		7.92
		October 2, 2025		7.23
		October 1, 2025		7.21
		September 25, 2025		7.21
		September 24, 2025		7.20
		September 19, 2025		7.49
		July 1, 2025		6.90
		June 25, 2025		6.89
		June 4, 2025		6.86
		May 8, 2025		6.79
		April 9, 2025		6.70
		March 25, 2025		6.78
		March 21, 2025		6.75
		March 18, 2025		6.76
		October 1, 2024		6.01
		February 9, 2024		5.86
		February 8, 2024		5.78
		March 31, 2023		5.38
		March 30, 2023		5.01
		March 24, 2023		3.81
The Capital Group Companies, Inc.		August 22, 2025		4.94
		January 7, 2025		5.06
		April 10, 2024		3.04
Douglas L. Braunstein (Hudson Executive Capital LP)1		January 25, 2024		0.92
Paramount Service Holding Ltd. S.ÀR.L.2		January 25, 2023		4.54

1From previously 3.18% of Deutsche Bank shares as of November 20, 2020

2From previously 3.05% of Deutsche Bank shares as of August 20, 2015

Deutsche Bank is neither directly nor indirectly owned nor controlled by any other corporation, by any government or by

any other natural or legal person severally or jointly.

Pursuant to German law and our Articles of Association, to the extent that Deutsche Bank may have major shareholders

at any time, Deutsche Bank may not give them voting rights different from those of any of its other shareholders. Even if

the bank’s articles of association were amended to allow for the issuance of shares with multiple voting rights, the

issuance of such shares would require the consent of all affected shareholders.

Deutsche Bank is aware of no arrangements which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the

company.

88

Deutsche Bank	Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Deutsche Bank has business relationships with a number of the companies in which the bank owns significant equity

interests. Deutsche Bank also has business relationships with a number of companies where members of the bank’s

Management Board also hold positions on boards of directors. Deutsche Bank’s business relationships with these

companies cover many of the financial services the bank provides to their clients generally. For more detailed

information, refer to Note 36 “Related Party Transactions” to the consolidated financial statements.

Deutsche Bank conducts its business with these companies on terms equivalent to those that would prevail if the bank

did not have equity holdings in them or management members in common, and the bank has conducted business with

these companies on that basis in 2025 and prior years. None of these transactions is or was material to the bank.

Among Deutsche Bank’s business with related party companies in 2025, there have been and currently are loans,

guarantees and commitments, which totaled € 70 million (including loans amounting to € 66 million) as of December 31,

2025, compared to € 77 million (including loans amounting to € 73 million) as of December 31, 2024.

All these credit exposures

–Were made in the ordinary course of business

–Were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for

comparable transactions with other persons, and

–Did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features compared to loans to

nonrelated parties at their initiation

Related Party Impaired Loans

The Group did not have any impaired loans to related parties in 2025 and 2024.

Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

89

Deutsche Bank	Item 8: Financial Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Consolidated statements and other financial information

Item 8: Financial Information

Consolidated statements and other financial information

Consolidated financial statements

The financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 20-F consist of the consolidated financial statements including

Notes 1 to 42 thereto, which are set forth as Part 2 of the Annual Report 2025, and, as described in Note 01 “Material

accounting policies and critical accounting estimates” thereto under “Basis of accounting”, certain parts of the

Combined Management Report set forth as Part 1 of the Annual Report 2025. Such consolidated financial statements

have been audited by EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, as described in their “Report of Independent

Registered Public Accounting Firm” included in the Annual Report 2025.

Legal proceedings

Deutsche Bank and its subsidiaries operate in a legal and regulatory environment that exposes them to significant

litigation risks. As a result, they are involved in litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings and investigations in

Germany and in a number of jurisdictions outside Germany, including the United States. Please refer to Note 27

“Provisions” to the consolidated financial statements for descriptions of material legal proceedings and certain other

significant legal proceedings.

Dividend policy

Deutsche Bank’s financial and regulatory targets are based on the financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as

issued by the IASB and endorsed by the EU. For further details, please refer to Note 01 "Material accounting policies and

critical accounting estimates – EU carve-out” to the consolidated financial statements.

Deutsche Bank plans to sustainably grow cash dividends and, over time, return excess capital to shareholders through

share buybacks.

In respect of financial year 2025, the Management Board intends to propose to the Annual General Meeting a dividend of

€ 1.00 per share, representing an increase in dividend per share of around 50% for the fourth consecutive year. In

addition, the bank received supervisory approval for a share repurchase of € 1 billion in respect of financial year 2025.

This share repurchase, together with the anticipated dividend, would result in distributions in respect of financial year

2025 of € 2.9 billion, completing distributions in relation to financial year 2025.

For financial year 2026 and subsequent years, the bank targets a payout ratio of 60% of net income attributable to

Deutsche Bank shareholders measured on the financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB

and endorsed by the EU (EU IFRS), delivered through a combination of cash dividends and share buybacks. Starting with

financial year 2026, Deutsche Bank aims for modest but continuous growth in dividend per share, relative to the 50% per

annum growth over the past four years. Furthermore, the bank sees scope to deploy and distribute excess capital when

the CET1 capital ratio is sustainably above 14%.

These distributions to shareholders are subject to corporate decisions, shareholder authorization and German corporate

law requirements, and in the case of share buybacks supervisory approval.

In respect of financial years 2021 to 2024 cumulative distributions to shareholders amounted to € 5.6 billion. The bank

completed share repurchases of € 1 billion in 2025, € 675 million in 2024, € 450 million in 2023 and € 300 million in

2022. In addition, cash dividends per share of € 0.68 for 2024, € 0.45 for 2023 and € 0.30 for 2022 were paid.

The bank set a capital distribution goal of € 8 billion in respect of the financial years 2021 - 2025, to be paid in 2022 to

2026. With the proposed shareholder distributions in relation to financial year 2025 the cumulative distributions for 2021

to 2025 would reach € 8.5 billion.

90

Deutsche Bank	Item 8: Financial Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Consolidated statements and other financial information

However, Deutsche Bank cannot assure investors that it will pay dividends or conduct share buybacks as it did in previous

years, nor at any other level, or at all, in any future period. If Deutsche Bank AG is not profitable enough, it may not pay

dividends or conduct share buybacks at all. Furthermore, if Deutsche Bank AG fails to meet the regulatory capital

adequacy requirements under CRR/CRD (including individually imposed capital requirements (“Pillar 2” requirements)

and the combined buffer requirement), it may be prohibited from making, and the ECB or the BaFin may suspend or limit,

the payment of dividends or execution of share buybacks. In particular, a credit institution, such as Deutsche Bank, will

be considered as failing to meet the combined buffer requirement when it does not have sufficient own funds in an

amount and of the quality needed to meet at the same time (i) its minimum capital requirements under the CRR, (ii)

certain Pillar 2 capital requirements, and (iii) the sum of the capital buffers applicable to the relevant credit institution. In

calculating the respective amounts that may be distributed (“Maximum Distributable Amount” or “MDA”), the bank will

have to take into account certain Pillar 2 capital requirements. Since January 2022, the Group has also been subject to

MDA restrictions, including a Pillar 2 capital requirement for the leverage ratio, in instances of non-compliance with its

leverage ratio buffer introduced in the CRR. In addition, Deutsche Bank is subject to additional restrictions on

distributions if it breaches the harmonized minimum TLAC requirement under the CRR or its institution-specific minimum

requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) set by the Single Resolution Board.

In addition, the ECB expects banks to meet Pillar 2 guidance. If Deutsche Bank AG operates or expects to operate below

Pillar 2 guidance, the ECB will review the reasons why the bank’s capital level has fallen or is expected to fall and may

take appropriate and proportionate measures in connection with such shortfall. Any such measures might have an impact

on Deutsche Bank AG’s willingness or ability to pay dividends or conduct share buybacks. For further information on

regulatory capital adequacy requirements and the powers of Deutsche Bank AG’s regulators to suspend dividend

payments or share buybacks, see “Item 4: Information on the Company – Regulation and Supervision – Capital Adequacy

Requirements” and “— Investigative and Enforcement Powers.”

In order to meet the German corporate law requirements, Deutsche Bank AG’s dividends and capacity to conduct share

buybacks are based on the unconsolidated results of Deutsche Bank AG as prepared in accordance with the German

Commercial Code (HGB). Deutsche Bank AG’s Management Board, which prepares the Annual Financial Statements of

Deutsche Bank AG on an unconsolidated basis, and its Supervisory Board, which reviews the financial statements, first

allocate part of Deutsche Bank AG’s annual surplus (if any) to Deutsche Bank AG’s statutory reserves and to any losses

carried forward, in accordance with applicable legal requirements. Deutsche Bank then allocates the remainder of any

surplus to other revenue reserves (or retained earnings) and balance sheet profit. Deutsche Bank AG may allocate up to

one-half of this remainder to other revenue reserves and must allocate at least one-half to balance sheet profit. A profit

distribution from the balance sheet profit is only permitted to the extent that the balance sheet profit plus distributable

earnings exceed potential dividend blocking items, which consist primarily of deferred tax assets, self-developed

software and unrealized gains on plan assets, all net of respective deferred tax liabilities.

Deutsche Bank AG may then distribute as dividend a portion of or all the amount of the balance sheet profit not subject

to dividend blocking of Deutsche Bank AG if the Annual General Meeting so resolves. The Annual General Meeting may

resolve a non-cash distribution instead of, or in addition to, a cash dividend. However, Deutsche Bank AG is not legally

required to distribute its balance sheet profit to its shareholders to the extent that it has issued participatory rights

(Genussrechte) or granted a silent participation (stille Beteiligung) that accord their holders the right to a portion of

Deutsche Bank AG’s distributable profit.

Deutsche Bank AG declares dividends by resolution of the Annual General Meeting and pays them (if any) once a year.

Dividends approved at a General Meeting are payable on the third business day after that meeting, unless a later date has

been determined at that meeting or by the Articles of Association. In accordance with the German Stock Corporation

Act, the relevant date for determining which holders of Deutsche Bank AG’s ordinary shares are entitled to the payment

of dividends, if any, or other distributions whether cash, stock or property, is the date of the General Meeting at which

such dividends or other distributions are declared.

Significant changes

Except as otherwise stated in this document, there have been no significant changes subsequent to December 31, 2025.

91

Deutsche Bank	Item 9: The Offer and Listing
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Offer and Listing Details and Market

Item 9: The Offer and Listing

Offer and Listing Details and Markets

Deutsche Bank’s share capital consists of ordinary shares issued in registered form without par value. Under German law,

shares without par value are deemed to have a “nominal” value equal to the total amount of share capital divided by the

number of shares. Deutsche Bank’s shares have a nominal value in this sense of € 2.56 per share.

The principal trading market for Deutsche Bank’s shares is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, where it trades under the

symbol DBK. Deutsche Bank’s shares are also traded on the six other German stock exchanges (Berlin, Duesseldorf,

Hamburg, Hanover, Munich and Stuttgart, where on each exchange it also trades under the symbol DBK), on the Eurex

and the New York Stock Exchange, where it trades under the symbol DB.

Deutsche Bank maintains a share register in Frankfurt am Main and, for the purposes of trading the bank’s shares on the

New York Stock Exchange, a share register in New York.

All shares on German stock exchanges trade in euros, and all shares on the New York Stock Exchange trade in

U.S. dollars.

You should not rely on Deutsche Bank’s past share performance as a guide to the bank’s future share performance.

Plan of Distribution

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Selling Shareholders

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Dilution

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Expenses of the Issue

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

92

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Memorandum and Articles of Association

Item 10: Additional Information

Share Capital

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Memorandum and Articles of Association

The following is a summary of certain information relating to certain provisions of Deutsche Bank’s Articles of

Association, its share capital and German law. This summary is not complete and is qualified by reference to its Articles of

Association and German law in effect at the date of this filing. Copies of the bank’s Articles of Association are publicly

available at the Commercial Register (Handelsregister) in Frankfurt am Main, and an English translation is filed as

Exhibit 1.1 to this Annual Report.

Deutsche Bank’s Business Objectives

Section 2 of the Articles of Association sets out the objectives of the Group’s business:

–To transact all aspects of banking business

–To provide financial and other services and

–To promote international economic relations

The bank’s Articles of Association permit it to pursue these objectives directly or through subsidiaries and affiliated

companies.

The Articles of Association also provide that, to the extent permitted by law, the Group may transact all business and

take all steps that appear likely to promote the bank’s business objectives. In particular, the bank may:

–Acquire and dispose of real estate

–Establish branches in Germany and abroad

–Acquire, administer and dispose of participations in other enterprises and

–Conclude intercompany agreements (Unternehmensverträge)

Supervisory Board and Management Board

For more information on the Supervisory Board and Management Board, see “Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and

Employees.”

Voting Rights and Shareholders' Meetings

Each of the bank’s shares entitles its registered holder to one vote at Deutsche Bank’s General Meeting. The Annual

General Meeting takes place within the first eight months of the fiscal year. Pursuant to the Articles of Association,

Deutsche Bank may hold the meeting in Frankfurt am Main, Düsseldorf or any other German city with over 250,000

inhabitants. Unless a shorter period is permitted by law, the Group must give the notice convening the General Meeting

at least 30 days before the last day on which shareholders can register their attendance of the General Meeting (which is

the sixth day immediately preceding that General Meeting). Shorter periods apply if the General Meeting is called to

adopt a resolution on a capital increase in the context of early intervention measures pursuant to the Act on the

Recovery and Resolution of Institutions and Financial Groups (Gesetz zur Sanierung und Abwicklung von Instituten und

Finanzgruppen).

The Management Board or the Supervisory Board may also call an extraordinary General Meeting. Shareholders holding

in aggregate at least 5% of the nominal value of Deutsche Bank’s share capital may also request that such a meeting be

called. The bank’s Articles of Association authorize the Management Board, with the consent of the Supervisory Board, to

hold any General Meeting taking place on or before August 31, 2027 in virtual form without physical attendance of the

shareholders or their authorized representatives.

93

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Memorandum and Articles of Association

According to the Articles of Association, Deutsche Bank’s shares are issued in the form of registered shares. For purposes

of registration in the share register, all shareholders are required to notify the bank of the number of shares they hold

and, in the case of natural persons, of their surname, first name, address and date of birth and, in the case of legal

persons, of their registered name, business address and registered domicile, and in both cases should add an electronic

address. Both being registered in the bank’s share register and the timely registration for attendance at the General

Meeting constitute prerequisite conditions for any shareholder’s attendance and exercise of voting rights at the General

Meeting. Shareholders may register their attendance of a General Meeting with Deutsche Bank as further described in

the invitation by written notice or electronically, and no later than the sixth day immediately preceding the date of that

General Meeting. Any shareholders who have failed to comply with certain notification requirements summarized under

“Notification Requirements” below are precluded from exercising any rights attached to their shares, including voting

rights.

Under German law, upon the bank’s request a registered shareholder must inform the bank whether that shareholder

owns the shares registered in its name or whether that shareholder holds the shares for any other person as a nominee

shareholder. Both the nominee shareholder and the person for whom the shares are held have an obligation to provide

the same personal data as required for registration in the share register with respect to the person for whom the shares

are held.

Shareholders may appoint proxies to represent them at General Meetings. As a matter of German law, a proxy relating to

voting rights granted by shares may be revoked at any time.

As a foreign private issuer, Deutsche Bank is not required to file a proxy statement under U.S. securities law. The proxy

voting process for the bank’s shareholders in the United States is substantially similar to the process for publicly held

companies incorporated in the United States.

The Annual General Meeting normally adopts resolutions on the following matters:

–Appropriation of distributable balance sheet profits (Bilanzgewinn) from the preceding fiscal year;

–Formal ratification of the acts (Entlastung) of the members of the Management Board and the members of the

Supervisory Board in the preceding fiscal year and

–Appointment of independent auditors for the current fiscal year

A simple majority of votes cast is generally sufficient to approve a measure, except in cases where a greater majority is

otherwise required by the bank’s Articles of Association or by law. Under the German Stock Corporation Act and the

German Transformation Act (Umwandlungsgesetz), certain resolutions of fundamental importance require a majority of

at least 75% of the share capital represented at the General Meeting adopting the resolution, in addition to a majority of

the votes cast. Such resolutions include the following matters, among others:

–Amendments to the Articles of Association changing the Group’s business objectives

–Capital increases that exclude preemptive rights

–Capital reductions

–Creation of authorized or conditional capital

–Deutsche Bank’s dissolution

–“Transformations” under the German Transformation Act such as mergers, spin-offs and changes in the bank’s legal

form

–Transfer of all the bank’s assets and

–Intercompany agreements (in particular, domination and profit-transfer agreements)

Under certain circumstances, such as when a resolution violates the Articles of Association or the German Stock

Corporation Act, shareholders may file a shareholder action with the appropriate Regional Court (Landgericht) in

Germany to set aside resolutions adopted at the General Meeting.

Under German law, the rights of shareholders as a group can be changed by amendment of the company's articles of

association. Any amendment of the Articles of Association requires a resolution of the General Meeting. The authority to

amend the Articles of Association, insofar as such amendments merely relate to the wording, such as changes of the

share capital as a result of the issuance of shares from authorized capital, has been assigned to the Supervisory Board by

the Articles of Association. Pursuant to the Articles of Association, the resolutions of the General Meeting are taken by a

simple majority of votes and, insofar as a majority of capital stock is required, by a simple majority of capital stock, except

where law or the Articles of Association determine otherwise. The rights of individual shareholders can only be changed

with their consent. Amendments to the Articles of Association become effective upon their registration in the

Commercial Register.

94

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Memorandum and Articles of Association

Share Register

Deutsche Bank maintains a share register with Computershare Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG and its New York transfer

agent, pursuant to an agency agreement between Deutsche Bank and Computershare Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG and

a sub-agency agreement between Computershare Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG and the New York transfer agent.

Any shareholder may request information about the data concerning its person that have been entered in the share

register. The share register generally contains each shareholder's surname, first name, date of birth, address, electronic

address, if any, and the number or the quantity of the shares held. Shareholders may prevent their personal information

from appearing in the share register by holding their securities through a bank or custodian. Although the shareholder

would remain the beneficial owner of the securities, only the bank's or custodian's name would appear in the share

register. In this case, the exercise of certain shareholder rights will depend on the cooperation of the bank or custodian.

Dividend Rights

For a summary of Deutsche Bank’s dividend policy and legal basis for dividends under German law, see “Item 8: Financial

Information – Dividend Policy.”

Increases in Share Capital

German law permits Deutsche Bank to increase its share capital in any of three ways:

–Resolution by the General Meeting authorizing the issuance of new shares

–Resolution by the General Meeting authorizing the Management Board, subject to the approval of the Supervisory

Board, to issue new shares up to a specified amount (no more than 50% of existing share capital) within a specified

period, which may not exceed five years. This is referred to as authorized capital (genehmigtes Kapital)

–Resolution by the General Meeting authorizing the issuance of new shares up to a specified amount (no more than

60% of existing share capital) for specific purposes, such as for employee stock options (additional limit of no more

than 20% of existing share capital), for use as consideration in a merger or to issue to holders of convertible bonds or

other convertible securities (additional limit of no more than 50% of existing share capital). This is referred to as

conditional capital (bedingtes Kapital)

The issuance of new ordinary shares by resolution of the General Meeting requires the simple majority of the votes cast

and of the share capital represented at the General Meeting. Should the resolution of the General Meeting provide for

the exclusion of shareholders’ preemptive rights in full or in part, the simple majority of the votes cast and a majority of at

least 75% of the share capital represented at the General Meeting are required. Similarly, resolutions of the General

Meeting concerning the creation of authorized or conditional capital require the simple majority of the votes cast and a

majority of at least 75% of the share capital represented at the General Meeting.

Liquidation Rights

The German Stock Corporation Act requires that if the bank is liquidated, any liquidation proceeds remaining after the

payment of all the bank’s liabilities will be distributed to the bank’s shareholders in proportion to their shareholdings.

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Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Memorandum and Articles of Association

Preemptive Rights

In principle, holders of Deutsche Bank shares have preemptive rights allowing them to subscribe any shares, bonds

convertible into, or with attached warrants to subscribe for, the bank’s shares or participatory certificates it issues. Such

preemptive rights exist in proportion to the number of shares currently held by the shareholder. Preemptive rights of

shareholders may be excluded with respect to any capital increase, however, as part of the resolution by the General

Meeting on such capital increase. Such a resolution by the General Meeting on a capital increase that excludes the

shareholders’ preemptive rights with respect thereto requires both a majority of the votes cast and a majority of at least

75% of the share capital represented at the General Meeting. A resolution to exclude preemptive rights requires that the

proposed exclusion is expressly disclosed in the agenda to the General Meeting and that the Management Board

presents the reasons for the exclusion to the shareholders in a written report. Under the German Stock Corporation Act,

preemptive rights may in particular be excluded with respect to capital increases not exceeding 20% of the existing share

capital with an issue price payable in cash not significantly below the stock exchange price at the time of issuance. In

addition, shareholders may, in a resolution by the General Meeting on authorized capital, authorize the Management

Board to exclude the preemptive rights with respect to newly issued shares from authorized capital in specific

circumstances set forth in the resolution.

Shareholders are generally permitted to transfer their preemptive rights. Preemptive rights may be traded on one or

more German stock exchanges for a limited number of days prior to the final day the preemptive rights can be exercised.

Notices and Reports

Deutsche Bank publishes notices pertaining to its shares and the General Meeting in the German Federal Gazette

(Bundesanzeiger).

The bank sends its New York transfer agent, through publication or otherwise, a copy of each of its notices pertaining to

any General Meeting, any adjourned General Meeting or its actions with respect to any cash or other distributions or the

offering of any rights. The Group provides such notices in the form given or to be given to its shareholders. The bank’s

New York transfer agent is requested to arrange for the mailing of such notices to all shareholders registered in the New

York registry.

Charges of Transfer Agents

Deutsche Bank pays Computershare Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG and its New York transfer agent customary fees for

their services as transfer agents and registrars. The Group’s shareholders will not be required to pay Computershare

Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG or its New York transfer agent any fees or charges in connection with its transfers of shares

in the share register. The bank’s shareholders will also not be required to pay any fees in connection with the conversion

of dividends from euros to U.S. dollars.

Liability of Transfer Agents

Neither Computershare Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG nor the bank’s New York transfer agent will be liable to

shareholders if prevented or delayed by law, or any circumstances beyond its control, from performing its obligations as

transfer agents and registrars.

96

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Notification Requirements

Notification Requirements

Disclosure of Interests in a Listed Stock Corporation

Disclosure Obligations under the German Securities Trading Act

Deutsche Bank AG, as a listed company, and its shareholders are subject to the shareholding disclosure obligations under

the German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz). Pursuant to the German Securities Trading Act, any

shareholder whose voting interest in a listed company like Deutsche Bank AG, through acquisition, sale or by other

means, reaches, exceeds or falls below a 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 50% or 75% threshold must notify the bank

and the BaFin of its current aggregate voting interest in writing and without undue delay, but at the latest within four

trading days. In connection with this requirement, the German Securities Trading Act contains various provisions

regarding the attribution of voting rights to the person who actually controls the voting rights attached to the shares.

Furthermore, the voting rights attached to a third party’s shares are attributed to a shareholder if the shareholder

coordinates its conduct concerning the listed company with the third party (so-called “acting in concert”) either through

an agreement or other means. Acting in concert is deemed to exist if the parties coordinate their voting at the listed

company’s general meeting or, outside the general meeting, coordinate their actions with the goal of significantly and

permanently modifying the listed company’s corporate strategy. Each party’s voting rights are attributed to each of the

other parties acting in concert.

Shareholders failing to comply with their notification obligations are prevented from exercising any rights attached to

their shares (including voting rights and the right to receive dividends) until they have complied with the notification

requirements. If the failure to comply with the notification obligations specifically relates to the size of the voting

interest in Deutsche Bank AG and is the result of willful or grossly negligent conduct, the suspension of shareholder

rights is – subject to certain exceptions in case of an incorrect notification deviating no more than 10% from the actual

percentage of voting rights – extended by a six-month period commencing upon the submission of the required

notification.

Except for the 3% threshold, similar notification obligations exist for reaching, exceeding or falling below the thresholds

described above when a person holds, directly or indirectly, certain instruments other than shares. This applies to

instruments which grant upon maturity an unconditional right to acquire existing voting shares of Deutsche Bank AG, a

discretionary right to acquire such shares, as well as to instruments that refer to such shares and have an economic effect

similar to that of the aforementioned instruments, irrespective of whether such instruments are physically or cash-

settled. These instruments include, for example, transferable securities, options, futures contracts and swaps. Voting

rights to be attributed to a person based on any such instrument will generally be aggregated with the person’s other

voting rights deriving from shares or other instruments.

Notice must be given without undue delay, but within four trading days at the latest. The notice period commences as

soon as the person obliged to notify knows, or, under the circumstances should know, that his or her voting rights reach,

exceed or fall below any of the abovementioned relevant thresholds, but in any event no later than two trading days after

reaching, exceeding or falling below the threshold. Only in case that the voting rights reach, exceed or fall below any of

the thresholds as a result of an event affecting all voting rights, the notice period might commence at a later stage.

Deutsche Bank AG must publish the foregoing notifications without undue delay, but no later than within three trading

days after their receipt, and report such publication to the BaFin. Furthermore, Deutsche Bank AG must publish a

notification in case of any increase or decrease of the total number of voting rights without undue delay, but within two

trading days at the latest, and such notification must be reported to the BaFin and forwarded to the German Company

Register (Unternehmensregister). An exception applies where the increase of the total number of voting rights is due to

the issue of new shares from conditional capital. In this case, Deutsche Bank AG must publish the increase at the end of

the month in which it occurred. However, such increase must also be notified without undue delay, but within two

trading days at the latest, where any other increase or decrease of the total number of voting rights triggers the

aforementioned notification requirement.

Non-compliance with the disclosure requirements regarding shareholdings and holdings of other instruments may result

in a significant fine imposed by the BaFin. In addition, the BaFin publishes, on its website, sanctions imposed, and

measures taken indicating the person or entity responsible and the nature of the breach (so-called “naming and

shaming”).

Shareholders whose voting rights reach or exceed thresholds of 10% of the voting rights in a listed company, or higher

thresholds, are obliged to inform the company within 20 trading days of the purpose of their investment and the origin of

the funds used for such investment, unless the articles of association of the listed company provide otherwise. The

bank’s Articles of Association do not contain such a provision.

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Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Notification Requirements

Disclosure Obligations under the German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act

Pursuant to the German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act (Wertpapiererwerbs- und Übernahmegesetz), any person

whose voting interest reaches or exceeds 30% of the voting shares of a listed stock corporation must, within seven

working days, publish this fact (including the percentage of its voting rights) on the Internet and by means of an

electronically operated financial information dissemination system. In addition, the person must subsequently make a

mandatory public tender offer within four weeks to all shareholders of the listed company unless an exemption has been

granted. The German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act contains a number of provisions intended to ensure that

shareholdings are attributed to those persons who actually control the voting rights attached to the shares. The

provisions regarding coordinated conduct as part of the German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act (so-called

“acting in concert”) and the rules on the attribution of voting rights attached to shares of third parties are the same as the

statutory securities trading provisions described above under “Disclosure Obligations under the German Securities

Trading Act” except with respect to voting rights of shares underlying instruments whose holders are vested with the

right to unilaterally acquire existing voting shares of the listed company or voting rights which may be acquired on the

basis of instruments with similar economic effect. If a shareholder fails to provide notice on reaching or exceeding the

30% threshold, or fails to make a public tender offer, the shareholder will be precluded from exercising any rights

associated with its shares (including voting and dividend rights) until it has complied with the requirements under the

German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act. In addition, non-compliance with the disclosure requirement may result

in a fine.

Disclosure of Participations in a Credit Institution

The German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz) requires any person intending to acquire, alone or acting in concert with

another person, directly or indirectly, a qualifying holding (bedeutende Beteiligung) in a credit or financial services

institution to notify the BaFin and the Bundesbank without undue delay and in writing of the intended acquisition. A

qualifying holding is a direct or indirect holding in an undertaking which represents 10% or more of the capital or voting

rights or which makes it possible to exercise a significant influence over the management of such undertaking. The

required notice must contain information demonstrating, among other things, the reliability of the person or, in the case

of a corporation or other legal entity, the reliability of its directors and officers.

A person holding a qualifying holding shall also notify the BaFin and the Bundesbank without undue delay and in writing

if they intend to increase the amount of the qualifying holding up to or beyond the thresholds of 20%, 30% or 50% of the

voting rights or capital or in such way that the institution comes under such person’s control or if such person intends to

reduce the participation below 10% or below one of the other thresholds described above.

The BaFin will have to confirm the receipt of a complete notification within two working days in writing to the proposed

acquirer. Within a period of 60 working days from the BaFin’s written confirmation that a complete notification has been

received (assessment period), the BaFin will review and, in accordance with Council Regulation (EU) No 1024/2013 of

October 15, 2013 conferring specific tasks on the European Central Bank concerning policies relating to the prudential

supervision of credit institutions, forward the notification and a proposal for a decision whether or not to object to the

acquisition to the ECB. The ECB will decide whether or not to object to the acquisition on the basis of the applicable

assessment criteria. Within the assessment period the ECB may prohibit the intended acquisition in particular if there

appears to be reason to assume that the acquirer or its directors and officers are not reliable or that the acquirer is not

financially sound, that the participation would impair the effective supervision of the relevant credit institution, that a

prospective managing director (Geschäftsleiter) is not reliable or not qualified, that money laundering or financing of

terrorism has occurred or been attempted in connection with the intended acquisition, or that there would be an

increased risk of such illegal acts as a result of the intended acquisition. During the assessment period the BaFin may

request further information necessary for its or the ECB’s assessment. Generally, such a request delays the expiration of

the assessment period by up to 30 business days. If the information submitted is incomplete or incorrect the ECB may

prohibit the intended acquisition.

If a person acquires a qualifying holding despite such prohibition or without making the required notification, the

competent authority may prohibit the person from exercising the voting rights attached to the shares. In addition, non-

compliance with the disclosure requirement may result in the imposition of a fine in accordance with statutory

provisions. Moreover, the competent authority may order that any disposition of the shares requires its approval and may

ultimately appoint a trustee to exercise the voting rights attached to the shares or to sell the shares to the extent they

constitute a qualifying holding.

98

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Notification Requirements

Disclosure of Participations in Regulated Subsidiaries

The acquisition of shares in Deutsche Bank AG may trigger an obligation to notify certain national competent authorities

in charge of the supervision of regulated subsidiaries of Deutsche Bank AG, provided that such acquisition of shares is

treated as an indirect acquisition of a stake in the relevant subsidiaries and the applicable threshold under local law is

reached or exceeded. This applies in particular to subsidiaries in a member state of the European Economic Area for

which the CRR sets forth a threshold of 10%. Other jurisdictions may apply lower thresholds. For example, because the

bank controls Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad, Section 87(1) of the Malaysian Financial Services Act 2013 requires

approval of Bank Negara Malaysia (the Malaysian central bank) of any acquisition of 5% or more of the bank’s ordinary

shares. Also, because Deutsche Bank controls bank subsidiaries in the United States, including Deutsche Bank Trust

Company Americas, and has securities registered under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the U.S. Change in

Bank Control Act requires that any person or any persons acting in concert may acquire control of 10% or more of the

bank’s ordinary shares only subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve Board and other U.S. regulators.

Review by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy of

Acquisition of 10% of voting rights or more

Pursuant to the German Foreign Trade Act (Außenwirtschaftsgesetz) and the German Foreign Trade Regulation

(Außenwirtschaftsverordnung), acquisitions may be reviewed by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and

Energy (the “Ministry”) where the initial direct or indirect acquisition of voting rights in a German company by investors

from outside the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway and

Switzerland) exceed 10%, 20% or 25%, or where voting rights in a German company by investors outside the EU or

European Free Trade Association exceed 20%, 25%, 40%, 50% or 75% through direct or indirect subsequent acquisitions.

Both the thresholds for the applicable initial voting rights (10%, 20% or 25%) and whether a filing obligation exists or not,

depend on the industry sector the target company is active in. The Ministry must be notified in writing regarding the

conclusion of a contract where the direct or indirect acquisition by an investor from outside the European Union and the

European Free Trade Association is 10% or 20% (or where the direct or indirect subsequent acquisitions exceeding 20%,

25%, 40%, 50% or 75% of the voting rights) of the voting rights in a German company which operates certain critical

infrastructure (including inter alia certain services in the financial sector) or operates in other certain sensitive sectors

(including inter alia certain technologies, IT, telecommunication, healthcare or the media). The Ministry must also be

notified in writing regarding the conclusion of a contract where there is a direct or indirect acquisition by an investor

from outside Germany of 10% or more of the voting rights in a German company operating in the defense or cryptology

sectors (or where the direct or indirect subsequent acquisitions exceeds 20%, 25%, 40%, 50% or 75% of the voting rights).

If Deutsche Bank is considered to be a company which operates in any such critical infrastructure or sensitive sector, the

Ministry would need to be notified of an acquisition of voting rights in Deutsche Bank that meets the abovementioned

thresholds. Pending clearance by the Ministry, an acquisition subject to this notification requirement must not be

consummated without clearance and its implementation would be legally void, unless the acquisition is made via a stock

exchange in which case the acquisition of voting rights becomes legally effective but the voting rights must not be

exercised pending clearance.

Consummating such an acquisition without clearance may also result in administrative fines of up to € 500,000 (acting

negligently) or up to five years imprisonment or monetary fines (acting willfully). The acquirer may seek voluntary pre-

clearance of a proposed acquisition from the Ministry that is not subject to a mandatory filing. The Ministry may impose

conditions on the acquisition, prohibit the acquisition, or require that it is unwound, if the Ministry determines that the

acquisition will likely affect the public order or public security of Germany or another EU member state, or in relation to

certain projects or programs of interest for the European Union pursuant to the EU-Screening regulation, or likely affects

the essential security interests of Germany. The Ministry’s decision to review an acquisition must be made within two

months following the Ministry’s knowledge of the conclusion of the acquisition contract, of the publication of the

decision to launch a take-over bid or of the publication of the acquisition of control. The review must be completed

within four months following receipt of the complete set of acquisition documents and any additional information

requested by the Ministry. The Ministry can extend its review period up to an additional four months. A review is

precluded if more than five years have passed since the acquisition.

99

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Notification Requirements

EU Short Selling Regulation (ban on naked short selling)

Regulation (EU) No 236/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 14, 2012, on short selling and

certain aspects of credit default swaps (the “EU Short Selling Regulation”) came into force on November 1, 2012. The EU

Short Selling Regulation, the regulations adopted by the EU Commission implementing it, and the German act

implementing the EU Short Selling Regulation replace the previously applicable German federal provisions governing the

ban on naked short selling of shares and certain debt securities. (Short sales are sales of securities that the seller does not

own, with the intention of buying back an identical security at a later point in time in order to be able to deliver the

security. A short sale is “naked” when the seller has not borrowed the securities at the time of the short sale, or ensured

they can be borrowed or obtained under a similar arrangement.) Under the EU Short Selling Regulation, except for

certain exemptions, naked short sales of listed shares are not permitted. Short sales of listed shares that are covered by

borrowing or similar arrangements are subject to the following transparency requirements. Significant net short positions

in shares must be reported to the BaFin and, if a certain threshold is exceeded, they must also be publicly disclosed. Net

short positions are calculated by netting the long and short positions held by a natural or legal person in the issued

capital of the company concerned. The details are set forth in the EU Short Selling Regulation and the regulations

adopted by the EU Commission implementing it. In certain situations, described in greater detail in the EU Short Selling

Regulation, the BaFin is permitted to limit short selling and comparable transactions.

Disclosure of Transactions of Managers

Art. 19 of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 16, 2014 on market abuse

(the “EU Market Abuse Regulation”) requires persons with management responsibilities (“Managers”) in a listed company

like Deutsche Bank AG to notify the company and the BaFin of their own transactions in shares or debt instruments of the

company or financial instruments based thereon, in particular derivatives. Such notifications must be made promptly and

no later than three business days after the date of the transaction. The notification obligation also applies to persons who

are closely associated with a Manager. The obligation does not apply if the aggregate annual transactions by a Manager

or persons with whom he or she is closely associated do not, individually, exceed a certain threshold amount through the

end of a calendar year. The BaFin has made use of its authority to increase the threshold of € 20,000 set forth in the EU

Market Abuse Regulation to the amount of € 50,000.

Deutsche Bank AG is required to promptly publish any notification received but, in any case, no later than two business

days after receipt of such notification. The publication must be made in a manner which enables fast access to this

information on a non-discriminatory basis in accordance with the implementing standards published by the European

Securities and Markets Authority. Furthermore, Deutsche Bank AG must without undue delay notify the BaFin and

forward the notification to the Company Register (Unternehmensregister). For the purposes of the EU Market Abuse

Regulation, the bank identified the following persons to be a Manager: members of the Management Board and the

Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG as well as holders of general power of attorney (Generalbevollmächtigte) of

Deutsche Bank AG. The following persons are deemed to be closely associated with a Manager: spouses, registered civil

partners (eingetragene Lebenspartner), dependent children and other relatives who at the time of the transaction

requiring notification have lived in the same household with the Manager for at least one year. Legal entities for which

the aforementioned persons have management responsibilities are also subject to the notification requirement. The

aforementioned provisions also apply to legal entities, companies and institutions directly or indirectly controlled by a

Manager or by a person closely associated with a Manager, which have been founded to the benefit of such a person, or

whose economic interests correspond to a considerable extent to those of such a person. Non-compliance with the

notification requirements may result in a fine.

The Holding Foreign Insiders Accountable Act (the “HFIAA”) was enacted on December 18, 2025 and requires officers

and directors of certain foreign private issuers, including Deutsche Bank, to publicly report their beneficial ownership of

such issuers' equity securities pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. Initial beneficial ownership reports must be

filed with the SEC by March 18, 2026, and any subsequent changes in beneficial ownership must be reported thereafter.

Any beneficial ownership reports (Forms 3, 4 and 5) filed by our officers and directors will be available on the SEC's

website and on the investor relations section of our website.

Material Contracts

In the usual course of the bank’s business, Deutsche Bank enters into numerous contracts with various other entities. The

bank has not, however, entered into any material contracts outside the ordinary course of its business within the past two

years.

100

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Exchange Controls

Exchange Controls

As in other member states of the European Union, regulations issued by the competent European Union authorities to

comply with United Nations Security Council resolutions have caused freeze orders in Germany on assets of certain legal

and natural persons designated in such regulations. In addition, the European Union maintained a wide range of

autonomous economic and financial sanctions on Iran. While all nuclear-related economic and financial EU sanctions

against Iran were repealed on January 16, 2016, pursuant to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the agreement

expired in October 2025, resulting in the reimposition of such sanctions.

Moreover, in response to the war in Ukraine the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and others

imposed broad-based sanctions against natural and legal persons residing in Russia, Belarus, and certain regions of

Ukraine and/or of Russian or Belarusian nationality.

With some exceptions, corporations or individuals residing in Germany are required to report to the Bundesbank any

payment received from, or made to or for the account of, a nonresident corporation or individual that exceeds € 12,500

(or the equivalent in a foreign currency). This reporting requirement is for statistical purposes.

Subject to the above-mentioned exceptions and the applicable sanctions, there are currently no German laws, decrees or

regulations that would prevent the transfer of capital or remittance of dividends or other payments to shareholders who

are not residents or citizens of Germany.

There are also no restrictions under German law or the bank’s Articles of Association concerning the right of nonresident

or foreign shareholders to hold the bank’s shares or to exercise any applicable voting rights. Where the investment

reaches or exceeds certain thresholds, however, certain reporting obligations apply and the investment may become

subject to review by the BaFin, the European Central Bank and other competent authorities. For more information see

“Item 10: Additional Information – Notification Requirements”.

Taxation

The following is a general summary of material German and United States federal income tax consequences of the

ownership and disposition of shares for a resident of the United States for purposes of the income tax convention

between the United States and Germany (the “Treaty”) who is fully eligible for benefits under the Treaty. A U.S. resident

will generally be entitled to Treaty benefits if it is:

–The beneficial owner of shares (and of the dividends paid with respect to the shares)

–An individual resident of the United States, a U.S. corporation, or a partnership, estate or trust to the extent its income

is subject to taxation in the United States in its hands or in the hands of its partners or beneficiaries.

–Not also a resident of Germany for German tax purposes and

–Not subject to “anti-treaty shopping” articles under German domestic law or the Treaty that apply in limited

circumstances

The Treaty benefits discussed below generally are not available to shareholders who hold shares in connection with the

conduct of business through a permanent establishment in Germany. The summary does not discuss the treatment of

those shareholders.

The summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to

any particular shareholder, including tax considerations that arise from rules of general application or that are generally

assumed to be known by shareholders. In particular, the summary deals only with shareholders that will hold shares as

capital assets and does not address the tax treatment of shareholders that are subject to special rules, such as fiduciaries

of pension (e.g. U.S. pension funds), profit-sharing or other employee benefit plans, banks, insurance companies, dealers

in securities or currencies, persons that hold shares as a position in a straddle, conversion transaction, synthetic security

or other integrated financial transaction, persons that elect mark-to-market treatment, persons that own, directly or

indirectly, 10% or more of our stock, measured by vote or value, persons that hold shares through a partnership or hybrid

entity and persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar. The summary is based on German and U.S. laws, the

Treaty and regulatory interpretations, including in the current and proposed U.S. Treasury regulations as of the date

hereof, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect).

Shareholders should consult their own advisors regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of

shares considering their circumstances, as well as the effect of any state, local or other national laws.

101

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Exchange Controls

Taxation of Dividends

In general, dividends that Deutsche Bank pays are subject to German withholding tax at an aggregate rate of 26.375%

(consisting of a 25% withholding tax and a 1.375% surcharge). Under the Treaty, a U.S. resident will be entitled to receive

a refund from the German tax authorities of 11.375 in respect of a declared dividend of 100. For example, for a declared

dividend of 100, a U.S. resident initially will receive 73.625 and may claim a refund from the German tax authorities of

11.375 and, therefore, receive a total cash payment of 85 (i.e., 85% of the declared dividend). According to the German

Investment Tax Act dividends received by an investment fund within the meaning of the German Investment Tax Act are

generally subject to 15% German withholding tax equal to the Treaty tax rate. U.S. residents who are entitled to a refund

of more than 11.375% (e.g., U.S. pension funds) must fulfil further requirements according to para. 50j German Income

Tax Act, in particular certain holding requirements.

For U.S. tax purposes, a U.S. resident will be deemed to have received total dividends of 100 in the example above. The

gross amount of dividends that a U.S. resident receives (which includes amounts withheld in respect of German

withholding tax) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as foreign source dividend income and will not

be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations. German withholding tax at the

15% rate provided under the Treaty will be treated as a foreign income tax that, subject to generally applicable

limitations under U.S. tax law, is eligible for credit against a U.S. resident’s U.S. federal income tax liability or, at its

election, may be deducted in computing taxable income. Thus, for a declared dividend of 100, a U.S. resident will be

deemed to have paid German taxes of 15. A U.S. resident cannot claim credits for German taxes that would have been

refunded to it if it had filed a claim for refund. Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in

respect of certain short-term or hedged positions. The creditability of foreign withholding taxes may be limited in certain

situations. The foreign tax credit rules are complex. U.S. residents should consult their tax advisers regarding the

creditability of German taxes in their particular circumstances.

"Qualified dividends” received by certain non-corporate U.S. shareholders will generally be subject to taxation in the

United States at a lower rate than other ordinary income. Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged

positions, dividends received will be qualified dividends if Deutsche Bank (i) is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive

income tax treaty with the United States that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has approved for purposes of the

qualified dividend rules and (ii) was not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year

in which the dividend is paid, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”). The Treaty has been approved for purposes

of the qualified dividend rules, and Deutsche Bank believes it qualifies for benefits under the Treaty. The determination

of whether the bank is a PFIC must be made annually and is dependent on the particular facts and circumstances at the

time. It requires an analysis of the bank’s income and valuation of its assets, including goodwill and other intangible

assets. Based on the audited financial statements and relevant market and shareholder data, the bank believes that it

was not a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to its taxable years ended December 31, 2024 or

December 31, 2025. In addition, based on the Group’s current expectations regarding the value and nature of its assets,

the sources and nature of its income, and relevant market and shareholder data, the bank does not currently anticipate

becoming a PFIC for its taxable year ending December 31, 2026, or for the foreseeable future. However, the PFIC rules

are complex and their application to financial services companies is unclear. Each U.S. shareholder should consult its own

tax advisor regarding the potential applicability of the PFIC regime to Deutsche Bank and its implications for their

particular circumstances.

If a U.S. resident receives a dividend paid in euros, it will recognize income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference

to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S.

dollars. If dividends are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. resident generally should not be required

to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income but may be required to recognize foreign

currency gain or loss on the receipt of a refund in respect of German withholding tax to the extent the U.S. dollar value of

the refund differs from the U.S. dollar equivalent of that amount on the date of receipt of the underlying dividend.

102

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Exchange Controls

Refund Procedures

To claim a refund, a U.S. resident must submit, within four years from the end of the calendar year in which the dividend

is received, a claim for refund to the German tax authorities. The claim for refund must be accompanied by a withholding

tax certificate (Kapitalertragsteuerbescheinigung) on an officially prescribed form and issued by the institution that

withheld the tax.

According to para. 50c (5) German Income Tax Act, claims for refunds have to be transmitted via the officially specified

interface according to the officially prescribed data set. The German claim for refund forms can be submitted to the

Bundeszentralamt für Steuern via the online portal of the Bundeszentralamt für Steuern (“BOP”): https://www.elster.de/

bportal/start. Every claimant needs a certificate file to login into the BOP. A U.S. resident must also submit to the

German tax authorities a certification (on IRS Form 6166) with respect to its last filed U.S. federal income tax return.

Requests for IRS Form 6166 are made on IRS Form 8802, which requires payment of a user fee. IRS Form 8802 and its

instructions can be obtained from the IRS website at www.irs.gov. The quick-refund procedure (“Datenträgerverfahren –

DTV”/“Data Medium Procedure – DMP”) was abolished from 01.01.2025 onwards and is no longer applicable.

The German tax authorities will issue refunds denominated in euros. In the case of shares held through banks or brokers

participating in the Depository Trust Company, the refunds will be issued to the Depository Trust Company, which will

convert the refunds to U.S. dollars. The resulting amounts will be paid to banks or brokers for the account of holders.

If a U.S. resident files a claim for refund directly with the German tax authorities, the time until the receipt of a refund is

uncertain and we can give no assurances as to when any refund will be received.

The Bundeszentralamt für Steuern published on its website information regarding the tax refund process in Germany..

Taxation of Capital Gains

Under the Treaty, a U.S. resident will generally not be subject to German capital gains tax in respect of a sale or other

disposition of shares. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss on

the sale or other disposition of shares in an amount equal to the difference between such holder’s tax basis in the shares

and the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized from their sale or other disposition. Such gain or loss will be long-term

capital gain or loss if the shares were held for more than one year. The net amount of long-term capital gain realized by

an individual generally is subject to taxation at a lower rate than ordinary income. Any such gain generally would be

treated as income arising from sources within the United States; any such loss would generally be allocated against U.S.

source income. The ability to offset capital losses against ordinary income is subject to limitations.

Shareholders whose shares are held in an account with a German bank or financial services institution (including a

German branch of a non-German bank or financial services institution) are urged to consult their own advisors. This

summary does not discuss their particular tax situation.

United States Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividends and payments of the proceeds on a sale of shares, paid within the United States or through certain U.S. related

financial intermediaries are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding unless the U.S.

resident (i) is a corporation (other than an S corporation) or other exempt recipient or (ii) provides a taxpayer identification

number and certifies (on IRS Form W-9) that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Shareholders

that are not U.S. persons generally are not subject to information reporting or backup withholding.

However, a non-U.S. person may be required to provide a certification (generally on IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E) of

its non-U.S. status in connection with payments received in the United States or through a U.S. related financial

intermediary.

Backup withholding tax is not an additional tax, and any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be

allowed as a refund or a credit against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is

furnished to the IRS.

Shareholders may be subject to other U.S. information reporting requirements. Shareholders should consult their own

advisors regarding the application of U.S. information reporting rules considering their particular circumstances.

103

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Exchange Controls

German Gift and Inheritance Taxes

Under the current estate, inheritance and gift tax treaty between the United States and Germany (the “Estate Tax

Treaty”), a transfer of shares generally will not be subject to German gift or inheritance tax so long as the donor or

decedent, and their donee or other beneficiary, were not domiciled in Germany for purposes of the Estate Tax Treaty at

the time the gift was made, or at the time of the decedent’s death, and the shares were not held in connection with a

permanent establishment or fixed base in Germany.

The Estate Tax Treaty provides a credit against U.S. federal estate and gift tax liability for the amount of inheritance and

gift tax paid in Germany, subject to certain limitations, where shares are subject to German inheritance or gift tax and

United States federal estate or gift tax.

Other German Taxes

There are currently no German net wealth, transfer, stamp or other similar taxes that would apply to a U.S. resident as a

result of the receipt, purchase, ownership or sale of shares.

104

Deutsche Bank	Item 10: Additional Information
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Dividends and Paying Agents

Dividends and Paying Agents

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Statement by Experts

Not required because this document is filed as an Annual Report.

Documents on Display

Deutsche Bank is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In

accordance with these requirements, it files reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Group’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings are available at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s

website at www.sec.gov under File Number 001-15242.

Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

105

Deutsche Bank	Item 12: Description of Securities other than Equity Securities
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures

about Credit, Market and Other Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk, please see “Combined Management

Report: Risk Report” in the Annual Report 2025.

Please see pages S-1 through S-13 of the Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited), which pages are included

herein, for information required by Subpart 1400 of SEC Regulation S-K.

Item 12: Description of Securities other than Equity

Securities

Deutsche Bank’s ordinary shares are not represented by American Depositary Receipts and accordingly no information is

required to be provided pursuant to Item 12.D.3 and Item 12.D.4. The remainder of the information required by this Item

12 and by Instruction 2(d) under the Instructions as to Exhibits of Form 20-F is provided as Exhibit 2.2 to this Annual

Report on Form 20-F.

106

Deutsche Bank	Item 15: Controls and Procedures
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Disclosure Controls and Procedures

PART II

Item 13: Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and

Delinquencies

Not applicable.

Item 14: Material Modifications to the Rights of

Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 15: Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of Deutsche Bank’s management,

including the bank’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation

of the bank’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of

1934) as of December 31, 2025. There are, as described below, inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any control

system, including disclosure controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures

can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon such evaluation, the Chief

Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of Deutsche Bank’s disclosure

controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2025.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over

Financial Reporting

Management of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is responsible for

establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Deutsche Bank’s internal control over

financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the bank’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief

Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of

the Group’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting

Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and endorsed by the European Union. As of

December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the bank’s internal

control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)

issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the assessment

performed, management has determined that Deutsche Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as of December

31, 2025, was effective based on the COSO framework (2013).

EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, the registered public accounting firm that audited the financial

statements included in this document, has issued a report on Deutsche Bank’s internal control over financial reporting,

which is set forth below.

107

Deutsche Bank	Item 15: Controls and Procedures
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025,

based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring

Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Deutsche Bank

Aktiengesellschaft (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting

as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United

States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related

consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years

in the period ended December 31, 2025, the related notes and the specific disclosures described in Note 1 to the

consolidated financial statements as being part of the financial statements, and our report dated March 9, 2026

expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its

assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s

Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s

internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB

and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and

the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and

perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was

maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a

material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the

assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that

our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding

the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with

generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies

and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the

transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are

recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting

principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of

management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely

detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on

the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become

inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may

deteriorate.

/s/ EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft

Eschborn/Frankfurt am Main, Germany

March 9, 2026

108

Deutsche Bank	Item 15: Controls and Procedures
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Change in internal control over financial reporting

There was no change in Deutsche Bank’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the

evaluation referred to above that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is

reasonably likely to materially affect, the bank’s internal control over financial reporting.

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that

the objectives of the control system are met. As such, disclosure controls and procedures or systems for internal control

over financial reporting may not prevent all error and all fraud. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the

fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because

of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control

issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the

realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or

mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more

people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain

assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in achieving its stated goals under all

potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree

of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective

control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

109

Deutsche Bank	Item 16D: Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Item 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert

Please see “Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code:

Supervisory Board Committee Experts: Audit Committee Financial Experts” in the Annual Report 2025.

Item 16B: Code of Ethics

Please see “Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code:

Value and Leadership Principles of Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group: Deutsche Bank Group Code of Conduct

and Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers” in the Annual Report 2025.

Item 16C: Principal accountant fees and services

Please see “Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code:

Supervisory Board: Principal accountant fees and services” in the Annual Report 2025.

Item 16D: Exemptions from the Listing Standards for

Audit Committees

Deutsche Bank’s common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the corporate governance rules of which

require a foreign private issuer such as the bank to have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3

under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These requirements include a requirement that the audit committee be

composed of members that are “independent” of the issuer, as defined in the corporate governance rules of the New

York Stock Exchange, subject to certain exemptions, including an exemption for employees who are not executive

officers of the issuer if the employees are elected or named to the board of directors or audit committee pursuant to the

issuer’s governing law or documents, an employee collective bargaining or similar agreement or other home country

legal or listing requirements. The German Co-Determination Act of 1976 (Mitbestimmungsgesetz) requires that the

shareholders elect half of the members of the supervisory board of large German companies, such as Deutsche Bank, and

that employees in Germany elect the other half. Employee-elected members are typically themselves employees or

representatives of labor unions representing employees. Pursuant to law and practice, committees of the Supervisory

Board are typically composed of both shareholder- and employee-elected members. Of the current members of the

Audit Committee, four – Susanne Bleidt, Manja Eifert, Claudia Fieber and Stephan Szukalski – are current employees of

Deutsche Bank who have been elected as Supervisory Board members by the employees. None of them is an executive

officer. Accordingly, their service on the Audit Committee is permissible pursuant to the exemption from the

independence requirements provided for by paragraph (b)(1)(iv)(C) of the Rule. The Group does not believe the reliance

on such exemption would materially adversely affect the ability of the Audit Committee to act independently and to

satisfy the other requirements of the Rule.

110

Deutsche Bank	Item 16E: Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Item 16E: Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

and Affiliated Purchasers

The Management Board was authorized by the 2024 Annual General Meeting to buy, on or before April 30, 2029, shares

of up to 10% of the share capital at the time the resolution was taken or, if lower, of the share capital at the respective

time the authorization was exercised. At the 2024 Annual General Meeting, this corresponded to a volume of

199.5 million shares. During the period from the 2024 Annual General Meeting until the 2025 Annual General Meeting,

34.6 million shares were purchased for equity compensation purposes in the same period or for upcoming periods.

Furthermore, 27.9 million shares were purchased for cancellation with the purpose of distributing capital to

shareholders. Thereof, 20.9 million shares acquired as part of the share buyback program of € 675 million in 2024 were

cancelled at the beginning of 2025. The remaining amount of 7.0 million shares relates to shares bought back until May

22, 2025 as part of the € 750 million share buyback program in 2025.

The 2025 Annual General Meeting on May 22, 2025, granted the Management Board the approval to buy, on or before

April 30, 2030, shares of up to 10% of the share capital at the time the resolution was taken or, if lower, of the share

capital at the respective time the authorization was exercised. At the 2025 Annual General Meeting, this corresponded to

194.8 million shares. This authorization replaced the authorization of the previous year. During the period from the 2025

Annual General Meeting until December 31, 2025, 4.6 million shares were purchased for equity compensation purposes

in upcoming periods and 30.6 million shares were purchased for cancellation with the purpose of distributing capital to

shareholders. Thereof 22.3 million shares were purchased as part of the € 750 million share buyback program and

8.4 million shares were acquired as part of the € 250 million share buyback program.

At December 31, 2025, the number of shares held in Treasury from buybacks totaled 7.7 million. This figure stems from a

starting balance of 49.6 million shares at the beginning of 2025 which was reduced by 46.4 million shares after the

cancellation of shares acquired in the 2024 share buyback program, plus 39.3 million shares purchased for equity

compensation purposes, less 34.7 million shares which were used to fulfill delivery obligations under the share-based

compensation for employees, plus 37.7 million shares acquired as part of the 2025 share buyback program for

cancellation which were legally cancelled at the end of the year.

The following table sets forth the total gross number of Deutsche Bank’s shares repurchased by the bank and its

affiliated purchasers (pursuant to both activities described above), on a monthly basis in 2025, the average price paid per

share (based on the gross shares repurchased), the number of shares that were purchased as part of publicly

announcement share buyback programs, the average price paid for the purchases under such programs as well as the

maximum number of shares that at that date could yet to be purchase under such programs.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in 2025

Month		Total number of shares purchased1		Average price paid per share (in €)		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs2 & 3		Maximum Euro value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or program (€)
January		21,582,590		14.66		—		—
February		13,055,060		12.77		—		—
March		—		—		—		—
April		5,345,496		20.44		5,345,496		640,752,928
May		4,534,558		24.30		4,534,558		530,582,714
June		6,776,323		24.26		6,776,323		366,201,848
July		4,463,415		25.59		4,463,415		251,999,901
August		4,978,627		31.03		4,978,627		97,502,244
September		7,239,455		30.39		7,239,455		127,503,602
October		4,336,034		29.29		4,336,034		—
November		4,614,821		29.40		—		—
December		—		—		—		—
Total 2025		76,926,379		21.04		37,673,908

1 A total of 39.3 million shares were purchased for equity compensation purchases, i.e. other than pursuant to a publicly announced plan. Thereof 18.0 million shares were

purchased in open-market transactions and 21.3 million shares were acquired via the exercise of call options.

2 Share Buyback Program 2025-1 was announced on March 27, 2025, and provided for the purchase of up to € 750 million in shares. The program started on April 1, 2025,

and was completed on September 12, 2025. In this period 29,297,410 shares were acquired. The purchase price paid at the stock exchange was on average € 25.58 per

share.

3 Share Buyback Program 2025-2 was announced on September 16, 2025, and provided for the purchase of up to € 250 million in shares. The program started on

September 17, 2025, and was completed on Oct 20, 2025. In this period 8,376,498 shares were acquired. The purchase price paid at the stock exchange was on average

€ 29.85 per share.

111

Deutsche Bank	Item 16G: Corporate Governance
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Item 16F: Change in Registrant’s Certifying

Accountant

Not applicable.

Item 16G: Corporate Governance

Deutsche Bank’s common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, as well as on all seven German stock

exchanges. Set forth below is a description of the significant ways in which the corporate governance practices differ

from those applicable to U.S. domestic companies under the New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards as set forth in

its Listed Company Manual (the “NYSE Manual”).

The Legal Framework. Corporate governance principles for German stock corporations (Aktiengesellschaften) are set

forth in the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz), the German Co-Determination Act of 1976

(Mitbestimmungsgesetz) and the German Corporate Governance Code (Deutscher Corporate Governance Kodex, referred

to as the Code).

The Two-Tier Board System of a German Stock Corporation. The German Stock Corporation Act provides for a clear

separation of management and oversight functions. It therefore requires German stock corporations to have both a

Supervisory Board (Aufsichtsrat) and a Management Board (Vorstand). These boards are separate; no individual may be a

member of both. Both the members of the Management Board and the members of the Supervisory Board must exercise

the standard of care of a diligent businessperson to the company. In complying with this standard of care they are

required to take into account a broad range of considerations, including the interests of the company and others like

those of its shareholders, employees and creditors.

The Management Board is responsible for managing the company and representing the company in its dealings with

third parties. The Management Board is also required to ensure appropriate risk management within the corporation and

to establish an internal monitoring system. The members of the Management Board, including its chairperson or speaker,

are regarded as peers and share a collective responsibility for all management decisions.

The Supervisory Board appoints and recalls the members of the Management Board. It also may appoint a chairperson

(CEO) and one or more deputy chairpersons of the Management Board. Although the Supervisory Board is not allowed to

make management decisions, it has comprehensive monitoring functions with respect to the activities of the

Management Board, including advising the Management Board and participating in decisions of fundamental importance

to the company. To ensure that these monitoring functions are carried out properly, the Management Board must,

among other things, regularly report to the Supervisory Board with regard to current business operations and business

planning, including any deviation of actual developments from concrete and material targets previously presented to the

Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board may also request special reports from the Management Board at any time.

Transactions of fundamental importance to the company, such as major strategic decisions or other actions that may

have a fundamental impact on the company’s assets and liabilities, financial condition or results of operations, may be

subject to the consent of the Supervisory Board. Pursuant to the bank’s Articles of Association (Satzung), such

transactions include the granting of general powers of attorney, granting of credits, including the acquisition of

participations in other companies for which the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz) requires approval by the

Supervisory Board, as well as major acquisitions or disposals of real estate or other participations.

Pursuant to the German Co-Determination Act, Deutsche Bank’s Supervisory Board consists of representatives elected

by the shareholders and representatives elected by delegates of the employees in Germany. Based on the total number

of Deutsche Bank employees in Germany these employees have the right to elect one-half of the total of twenty

Supervisory Board members. The chairperson of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank is a shareholder representative

who has the deciding vote in the event of a tie.

This two-tier board system contrasts with the unitary board of directors envisaged by the relevant laws of all U.S. states

and the New York Stock Exchange listing standards for U.S. companies.

German companies which have their shares listed on a stock exchange must each year issue a statement on the

company’s corporate governance (corporate governance statement) and either include such statement in their annual

management report or publish it separately on their website.

112

Deutsche Bank	Item 16G: Corporate Governance
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

The Recommendations of the Code. The Code was issued in 2002 by a commission composed of German corporate

governance experts appointed by the German Federal Ministry of Justice in 2001. The Code was last amended in April

28, 2022 with effect as of June 27, 2022. It describes and summarizes the basic mandatory statutory corporate

governance principles found in the provisions of German law. In addition, it contains supplemental recommendations and

suggestions for standards on responsible corporate governance intended to reflect generally accepted best practice.

The Code is structured from a task perspective and addresses seven core areas of corporate governance. These are the

tasks of (a) management and supervision, (b) appointment to the Management Board, (c) composition of the Supervisory

Board, (d) Supervisory Board procedures, (e) conflicts of interest, (f) transparency and external reporting as well as (g) the

remuneration of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board. The Code contains three types of provisions. First,

the Code contains principles which reflect material legal requirements for responsible governance, and are used in the

Code to inform investors and other stakeholders. The second type of provisions is recommendations. While these are not

legally binding, Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act requires that any German exchange-listed company

declare annually that the company complies with the recommendations of the Code or, if not, which recommendations

the company does not comply with and the reasons for the non-compliance (“comply or explain”). The third type of Code

provisions comprises suggestions which companies may choose not to comply with without disclosure.

In its last Declaration of Conformity on October 24, 2025, the Management Board and the Supervisory Board of

Deutsche Bank stated that, since the last Declaration of Conformity issued on October 28, 2024, it has acted and will act

in the future in conformity with the recommendations of the Code, with certain specified exceptions. The Declaration of

Conformity is available on Deutsche Bank’s internet website at www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm.

Supervisory Board Committees. The Supervisory Board may form committees. Pursuant to the German Stock

Corporation Act, any Supervisory Board committee must regularly report to the Supervisory Board.

The German Co-Determination Act requires that the Supervisory Board establishes a Mediation Committee to propose

candidates for the Management Board if the two-thirds majority of the members of the Supervisory Board required for

the appointment of Management Board members is not achieved.

Section 107 (4) of the German Stock Corporation Act also requires that companies of “public interest”, including, among

others, listed companies and credit institutions, establish an “Audit Committee” to deal with the supervision of

accounting processes, the efficiency of the internal control system the risk management system and the internal audit

system as well as with the annual auditing, in particular with the selection and the independence of the external auditor

and the additional services rendered by the external auditor. The Code also recommends establishing a “Nomination

Committee” comprised only of shareholder-elected Supervisory Board members to prepare the Supervisory Board’s

proposals for the election or appointment of new shareholder representatives to the Supervisory Board. In general, the

Code recommends that the Supervisory Board shall form, depending on the specific circumstances of the enterprise and

the number of Supervisory Board members, committees of members with relevant specialist expertise which can handle

subjects, such as corporate strategy, compensation of the members of the Management Board, investments and

financing.

Sections 25d (7) to (12) of the German Banking Act require, depending on the size and complexity of the respective

credit institution, the establishment of Supervisory Board committees with specific tasks to be performed as follows: Risk

Committee, Audit Committee, Nomination Committee (with tasks and composition requirements different from those set

out in the Code) and Compensation Control Committee. The Code’s recommendation that the Nomination Committee

shall only comprise shareholder representatives is not complied with by Deutsche Bank AG because of mandatory

special rules set forth in the German Banking Act, which assign further tasks to the Nomination Committee in addition to

the preparation of proposals for the appointment of new shareholder representatives to the Supervisory Board. These

further tasks do not justify the exclusion of employee representatives from the Nomination Committee. Based on an

earlier version of the Code, which was applicable until March 20, 2020, this non-compliance had to be disclosed and

justified in the annual Declaration of Conformity. The Code, as amended, provides that credit institutions and insurance

companies are exempt from recommendations of the Code which conflict with special rules or regulations applicable to

them. However, the Code recommends that in the case of such conflicts, companies indicate in their annual corporate

governance statement what recommendations of the Code were not applicable to them.

113

Deutsche Bank	Item 16G: Corporate Governance
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

The Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank has established a Chairman’s Committee (Präsidialausschuss) which is inter alia

responsible for conclusion, amendment and termination of employment and pension contracts with members of the

Management Board, taking into account the responsibility of the Supervisory Board as a whole for the remuneration of

the members of the Management Board, a Nomination Committee (Nominierungsausschuss), an Audit Committee

(Prüfungsausschuss), a Risk Committee (Risikoausschuss), a Compensation Control Committee (Vergütungskontroll-

ausschuss), a Strategy and Sustainability Committee (Strategie- und Nachhaltigkeitsausschuss), a Technology, Data and

Innovation Committee (Technologie-, Daten- und Innovationsausschuss) and a Mediation Committee

(Vermittlungsausschuss). The functions of a nominating/corporate governance committee and of a compensation

committee required by the NYSE Manual for U.S. companies listed on the NYSE are therefore performed by the

Supervisory Board or one of its committees, in particular the Chairman’s Committee, the Compensation Control

Committee and the Mediation Committee.

Independent Board Members. The NYSE Manual requires that a majority of the members of the board of directors of a

NYSE listed U.S. company and each member of its nominating/corporate governance, compensation and audit

committees be “independent” according to strict criteria and that the board of directors determines that such member

has no material direct or indirect relationship with the company.

As a foreign private issuer, Deutsche Bank is not subject to these requirements. However, its audit committee must meet

the more lenient independence requirement of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. German

corporate law does not require an affirmative independence determination, meaning that the Supervisory Board need

not make affirmative findings that Audit Committee members are independent. However, the German Stock Corporation

Act and the Code, as the case may be, contain several rules, recommendations and suggestions to ensure the

Supervisory Board’s independent advice to, and supervision of, the Management Board. As noted above, no member of

the Management Board may serve on the Supervisory Board (and vice versa). Supervisory Board members will not be

bound by directions or instructions from third parties. Any advisory, service or similar contract between a member of the

Supervisory Board and the company is subject to the Supervisory Board’s approval. A similar requirement applies to loans

granted by the company to a Supervisory Board member or other persons, such as certain members of a Supervisory

Board member’s family. In addition, the German Stock Corporation Act prohibits a person who within the last two years

was a member of the Management board from becoming a member of the Supervisory Board of the same company

unless he or she is elected upon the proposal of shareholders holding more than 25% of the voting rights of the company.

The Code also recommends that each member of the Supervisory Board inform the Supervisory Board of any conflicts of

interest. In the case of material conflicts of interest or ongoing conflicts, the Code recommends that the mandate of the

Supervisory Board member shall end either as a result of such supervisory board member’s withdrawal or, failing which,

based on his or her removal from office by the shareholders’ meeting. The Code further recommends that any conflicts of

interest that have occurred be reported by the Supervisory Board at the annual general meeting, together with the

action taken, and that potential conflicts of interest also be taken into account in the nomination process for the election

of Supervisory Board members.

Audit Committee Procedures. Pursuant to the NYSE Manual the audit committee of a U.S. company listed on the NYSE

must have a written charter addressing its purpose, an annual performance evaluation, and the review of an auditor’s

report describing internal quality control issues and procedures and all relationships between the auditor and the

company. The Audit Committee of Deutsche Bank operates under written terms of reference and reviews the efficiency

of its activities regularly.

Disclosure of Corporate Governance Guidelines. Deutsche Bank discloses its Articles of Association, the Terms of

Reference of its Management Board, its Supervisory Board, the Chairman’s Committee, the Audit Committee, the Risk

Committee, the Compensation Control Committee, the Nomination Committee, the Strategy and Sustainability

Committee and the Technology, Data and Innovation Committee, its Declaration of Conformity under the Code pursuant

to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Corporate Governance Statement and other documents

pertaining to its corporate governance on its internet website at www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm.

114

Deutsche Bank	Item 16J: Insider Trading Policies
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Item 16H: Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable

Item 16I: Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions

that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

Item 16J: Insider Trading Policies

Deutsche Bank has adopted insider trading policies that govern the purchase, sale and other dispositions of the bank’s

securities by directors, senior management and employees that are reasonably designed to promote compliance with

applicable insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and listing standards applicable to the registrant.

In particular, all staff, including members of the bank’s Management Board, are subject to the bank’s Personal Account

Dealing Policy, as well as to the bank’s Code of Conduct, which refers to such policy. An essential requirement of such

policy is that such staff must pre-clear transactions in all relevant securities including shares and debt instruments issued

by Deutsche Bank AG. Trading derivatives, including those related to securities of Deutsche Bank AG, is prohibited.

Trading shares of Deutsche Bank AG or of DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA, the bank’s 79.49% owned, publicly traded

subsidiary (“DWS”), and related financial instruments is additionally prohibited during “Restricted Periods” prior to the

release of annual or quarterly earnings releases, with all staff being restricted from trading in the three days prior to the

release of earnings, staff designated as “private” being restricted in the 30 days up to and including the release of

earnings and staff designated as “permanent insiders” being restricted outside of a 30-day window following the release

of earnings.

The Personal Account Dealing Policy is filed as Exhibit 11.1 hereto. An excerpt from the Code of Conduct is filed as

Exhibit 11.2 hereto.

Item 16K: Cybersecurity

For information on Cybersecurity see “Combined Management Report: Risk Report: Information security” in the Annual

Report 2025.

115

Deutsche Bank	Disclosures Under Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Disclosures Under Iran Threat Reduction and Syria

Human Rights Act of 2012

Under Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which added Section 13(r) of the

U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, an issuer of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of

1934 is required to disclose in its periodic reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 certain of its activities

and those of its affiliates relating to Iran and to other persons sanctioned by the U.S. under programs relating to terrorism

and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction that occurred during the period covered by the report. The bank

describes below a number of potentially disclosable activities of Deutsche Bank AG and its affiliates. Disclosure is

generally required regardless of whether the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with

applicable law. Deutsche Bank also reports transactions in which other Iranian persons or entities listed on OFAC

sanctions lists were involved, whether or not they are directly or indirectly owned or controlled by the Iranian

government.

Legacy Contractual Obligations Related to Guarantees and Letters of Credit. Prior to 2007, Deutsche Bank provided

guarantees to a number of Iranian entities. In almost all of these cases, the bank issued counter-indemnities in support of

guarantees issued by Iranian banks because the Iranian beneficiaries of the guarantees required that they be backed

directly by Iranian banks. In 2007, the bank made a decision to discontinue issuing new guarantees to Iranian or Iran-

related beneficiaries. Although the pre-existing guarantees stipulate that they must be either extended or honored if the

bank receives such a demand and is legally not able to terminate these guarantees, the firm decided to reject any

“extend or pay” demands under such guarantees. Even though the bank had exited, where possible, many of these

guarantees, guarantees with an aggregate face amount of approximately € 6.7 million are still outstanding as of year-end

2025. The gross revenues from this business in 2025 which the bank received from non-Iranian parties were

approximately € 34,900 and the net profit derived from these activities was less than this amount.

Deutsche Bank also has outstanding legacy guarantees in relation to a Syrian bank that was sanctioned by the United

States under its non-proliferation program prior to such sanctions being terminated in mid-2025. The aggregate face

amount of these legacy guarantees was approximately € 7.0 million at such time, the gross revenues received from non-

Syrian parties for these guarantees during the portion of 2025 for which sanctions applied were approximately € 26,400

and the net profit derived from these activities was less than this amount.

Payments Executed. Deutsche Bank continues to severely restrict its policy on Iran and consequently the execution of

payments relating to Iran. In 2025, three outgoing payments were executed on behalf of Iranian parties outside of

Germany with involvement of DB Hungary related to electricity bills of the local Iranian embassy in a total amount of

€ 500. With regards to the Iranian Embassy in Germany, see below.

Operations of Iranian Bank Branches and Subsidiaries in Germany. Several Iranian banks, including Bank Melli Iran, Bank

Saderat, Bank Sepah, and Europäisch-Iranische Handelsbank, have branches or offices in Germany, even though their

funds and other economic resources had been frozen earlier under European law. As part of the payment clearing system

in Germany and other European countries, when these branches or offices needed to make payments in Germany or

Europe to cover their day-to-day operations such as rent, taxes, insurance premiums and salaries for their remaining staff,

or for any other kind of banking-related operations, fund transfers from these Iranian banks had been accepted through

Target2 or in SEPA format.

In 2025, Deutsche Bank executed approximately € 14 million (almost only in-coming) transfers through Target2 or SEPA

across approximately 670 transactions and credited the relevant amounts to the non-Iranian clients through September

29, 2025. The gross revenues derived from these payments were approximately € 130.

The bank does not consider the execution of such transactions to be significant and, after the European Union reinstated

the sanctions against Iran on September 29, 2025, the bank does not intend to make further payments unless such

payments are licensed by Bundesbank.

116

Deutsche Bank	Disclosures Under Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Maintaining of Accounts for Iranian Consulates and Embassies. In 2025, Iranian embassies and consulates in Germany

held accounts with Deutsche Bank. The purpose of these accounts is the funding of day-to-day operational costs of the

embassies and consulates, such as salaries, rent and electricity. In 2025, the total volume of outgoing payments from

these accounts was approximately € 4.1 million which have been funded through € 13.1 million of incoming payments.

From these activities, the bank derived gross revenues of approximately € 0.26 million and net profits which were less

than this amount. The German government has requested that Deutsche Bank provide these services to enable the

government of Iran to conduct its diplomatic relations and the bank intends to continue maintenance of such accounts.

Activities of Entities in Which Deutsche Bank Has Interests. Section 13(r) requires the Group to provide the specified

disclosure with respect to Deutsche Bank and its “affiliates,” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2. Although the bank

has minority equity interests in certain entities that could arguably result in these entities being deemed “affiliates,” it

does not have the authority or the legal ability to acquire in every instance the information from these entities that would

be necessary to determine whether they are engaged in any disclosable activities under Section 13(r). In some cases,

legally independent entities are not permitted to disclose the details of their activities to the bank because of German

privacy and data protection laws or the applicable banking laws and regulations. In such cases, voluntary disclosure of

such details could violate such legal and/or regulatory requirements and subject the relevant entities to criminal

prosecution or regulatory investigations.

117

Deutsche Bank	Item 18: Financial Statements
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

PART III

Item 17: Financial Statements

Not applicable.

Item 18: Financial Statements

The financial statements of this Annual Report on Form 20-F consist of the consolidated financial statements including

Notes 1 to 42 thereto, which are set forth as Part 2 of the Annual Report 2025, and, as described in Note 01 "Material

accounting policies and critical accounting estimates” thereto under “Basis of accounting”, certain parts of the

Combined Management Report set forth as Part 1 of the Annual Report 2025.

The consolidated financial statements have been audited by EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft,

Eschborn, Germany - PCAOB ID: 1251, as described in their “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”

included in the Annual Report 2025.

118

Deutsche Bank	Item 19: Exhibits
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Item 19: Exhibits

We have filed the following documents as exhibits to this document.

Exhibit number		Description of Exhibit
1.1		English translation of the Articles of Association of Deutsche Bank AG, furnished as Exhibit 99.2 to our Report on Form 6-K, dated January 5, 2026, and incorporated by reference herein.
2.1		The total amount of long-term debt securities of us or our subsidiaries authorized under any instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of our Group on a consolidated basis. We hereby agree to furnish to the Commission, upon its request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of us or of our subsidiaries for which consolidated or unconsolidated financial statements are required to be filed.
2.2		Descriptions of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
4.1		Equity Plan Rules 2021, furnished as Exhibit 4.5 to our 2020 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.2		Equity Plan Rules 2022, furnished as Exhibit 4.6 to our 2021 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.3		Equity Plan Rules 2023, furnished as Exhibit 4.6 to our 2022 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.4		Equity Plan Rules 2024, furnished as Exhibit 4.6 to our 2023 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.5		Equity Plan Rules 2025, furnished as Exhibit 4.6 to our 2024 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.6		Equity Plan Rules 2026.
4.7		Restricted Share Plan Rules 2021, furnished as Exhibit 4.10 to our 2020 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.8		Restricted Share Plan Rules 2022, furnished as Exhibit 4.9 to our 2021 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.9		Restricted Share Plan Rules 2023, furnished as Exhibit 4.10 to our 2022 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.10		Restricted Share Plan Rules 2024, furnished as Exhibit 4.11 to our 2023 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.11		Restricted Share Plan Rules 2025, furnished as Exhibit 4.11 to our 2024 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
4.12		Restricted Share Plan Rules 2026.
8.1		List of Subsidiaries.
11.1		Personal Account Dealing Policy.
11.2		Excerpts from Code of Conduct, furnished as Exhibit 11.2 to our 2024 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
12.1		Principal Executive Officer Certifications Required by 17 C.F.R. 240.13a-14(a).
12.2		Principal Financial Officer Certifications Required by 17 C.F.R. 240.13a-14(a).
13.1		Chief Executive Officer Certification Required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
13.2		Chief Financial Officer Certification Required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
15.1		Consent of EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft.
97.1		Compensation Recovery Policy for Deutsche Bank Management Board Members, furnished as Exhibit 97.1 to our 2023 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
97.2		Compensation Recovery Policy for Executive Officers, furnished as Exhibit 97.2 to our 2023 Annual Report on Form 20-F and incorporated by reference herein.
101.1		Interactive Data File.

119

Deutsche Bank	Signatures
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Signatures

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused and

authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

Date: March 12, 2026

Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft

/s/	CHRISTIAN SEWING

Christian Sewing

Chairman of the Management Board

Chief Executive Officer

/s/	JAMES VON MOLTKE

James von Moltke

Member of the Management Board

President and Chief Financial Officer

1

Annual Report

1

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2

Deutsche Bank
Annual Report 2025

Content

4	1- Combined Management Report
	5	Operating and financial review
	39	Outlook
	40	Risks and opportunities
	42	Risk Report
	185	Sustainability Statement
	186	Employees
	192	Internal control over financial reporting
	194	Information pursuant to Section 315a (1) of the German Commercial Code
	196	Corporate Governance Statement acc to Sec 289f, 315d of the German Commercial Code
	198	Standalone parent company information (HGB)
200	2- Consolidated Financial Statements
	201	Consolidated Statement of Income
	202	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
	203	Consolidated Balance Sheet
	204	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
	205	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
	207	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
	246	Notes to the consolidated income statement
	253	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
	306	Additional Notes
	348	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
355	3-Compensation Report
	357	Compensation of the Management Board
	385	Compensation of Supervisory Board members
	388	Comparative presentation of compensation and earnings trends
	391	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
406	4-Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code
	407	Compliance with German Corporate Governance Code
	410	Management Board
	418	Supervisory Board
	435	Related Party Transactions
	436	Principal accountant fees and services
437	5-Supplementary Information (Unaudited)
	438	Non-GAAP financial measures
	446	Declaration of Backing
	448	Group Five-Year Record
	450	Imprints

3

Deutsche Bank
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

4

Deutsche Bank
Annual Report 2025

1- Combined Management Report

5	Operating and financial review
	5	Executive summary
	8	Deutsche Bank Group
	13	Results of operations
	35	Financial Position
	38	Liquidity and capital resources
39	Outlook
40	Risks and opportunities
42	Risk Report
	44	Introduction
	45	Risk and capital overview
	50	Risk and capital framework
	61	Risk type management
	113	Risk and capital performance
185	Sustainability Statement
186	Employees
192	Internal control over financial reporting
194	Information pursuant to Section 315a (1) of the German Commercial Code
196	Corporate Governance Statement acc to Sec 289f, 315d of the German Commercial Code
198	Standalone parent company information (HGB)

5

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Executive summary

Operating and financial review

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the

related notes. This operating and financial review includes qualitative and quantitative disclosures on segment results of

operations and entity-wide disclosures on net revenue components of Deutsche Bank as required by International

Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 8, “Operating Segments”. For additional business segment disclosure under IFRS 8,

please refer to Note 04 “Business segments and related information” of the consolidated financial statements.

Executive summary

The statements in the following section are based on latest available forecasts and assumptions at the time of

preparation. Actual developments may differ from these expectations.

Global economy

Economic growth (in %)¹		20252		20243		Main driver
Global Economy		3.4		3.4		In 2025, the global economy maintained a stable growth trajectory; progress in trade negotiations between the U.S. and its key trading partners, along with selective tariff reductions, contributed to a marked decline in trade policy uncertainty; at the same time, easing inflationary pressures supported household consumption and provided central banks with scope to implement further interest rate cuts
Of which: Developed countries		1.8		1.7		Developed countries benefited from the negotiated trade compromises, which helped reduce overall policy uncertainty; although GDP growth rates varied across countries, inflation moderated in most markets. In this environment, several central banks continued to lower their key policy rates from previously restrictive levels
Emerging Markets		4.5		4.5		Emerging Markets demonstrated stronger‑than‑expected resilience to adverse growth and trade shocks arising from U.S. tariff measures; the combination of subdued inflation and a moderation in U.S. dollar strength provided several central banks with additional scope to ease monetary policy; furthermore, improved external fiscal impulses and lower energy prices offered further support to overall economic activity
Eurozone Economy		1.5		0.8		Despite persistent external trade headwinds, the Eurozone economy continued to post robust growth, supported by resilient domestic demand; nonetheless, GDP growth rates varied across regions; inflation trended downwards towards the ECB's 2% target, thus, the ECB was able to maintain its deposit rate unchanged at a neutral level in the second half of the year
Of which: German economy		0.2		(0.5)		The German economy continued to face competitive disadvantages in foreign trade; while the expansionary fiscal stance provided some initial positive impetus, domestic demand remained subdued; moderating inflation supported private consumption; however, overall sentiment continued to be weak; the cooling of the robust labor market has slowed
U.S. Economy		2.2		2.8		In the U.S., federal government shutdown dampened economic activity in the second half of the year; nevertheless, investment, particularly in AI‑related technologies, provided meaningful support to growth; reductions in food import tariffs contributed to easing inflationary pressures; in light of emerging labour market risks, the Federal Reserve proceeded with further reductions of its key policy rate despite inflation remaining above target
Japanese Economy		1.2		(0.2)		The impact of U.S. tariff measures on the Japanese economy remained limited, and business sentiment continued to be robust; an increase in real employee compensation supported the recovery in private consumption; inflation, however, remained elevated, driven primarily by rising food prices; against this backdrop, the Bank of Japan proceeded to tighten its monetary policy stance
Asian Economy4		5.5		5.2		GDP growth in Asian economies was supported primarily by strong economic momentum in India, complemented by additional contributions from China; inflation declined noticeably across several economies, which bolstered private consumption and provided scope for certain central banks to implement further reductions in policy interest rates
Of which: Chinese Economy		5.0		5.0		China met its official growth target, although momentum slowed over the year, largely due to policy measures aimed at curbing overcapacity and excessive competition; the government's efforts to stimulate purchases of durable consumer goods also lost effectiveness over time

1Annual Real GDP Growth (% YoY). Sources: National Authorities unless stated otherwise

2Sources: Deutsche Bank Research

3Some economic data for 2024 were revised by public statistics authorities. As a result, this data may differ from that previously published

4Includes China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam; excludes Japan

6

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Executive summary

Banking Industry

		Dec 31, 2025
Growth year on year (in %)		Corporate Lending		Retail Lending		Corporate Deposits		Retail Deposits		Main driver
Eurozone		2.0		2.6		3.2		3.0		Buoyed by lower interest rates and stronger economic growth, both retail and corporate lending have picked up significantly over the course of the year, the former even more than the latter; However, growth rates did not yet exceed inflation to a meaningful extent; By contrast, deposits from households as well as firms largely maintained their momentum throughout 2025 and kept expanding at a robust pace
Of which: Germany		0.7		1.9		2.4		2.8		Private-sector credit dynamics have improved during 2025, with households more than with companies due to interest rate tailwinds in the mortgage business; Sluggish lending to firms may be the result of various factors impacting investment sentiment – from trade policy uncertainty to worries about Germany lacking international competitiveness, and transition challenges; Demand for credit rose in recent quarters, according to the bank lending survey; Growth remains higher in deposits from corporate and retail customers than in loans, despite a slowdown after the surge in 2024
U.S.1		3.3		2.8		4.21		4.21		Lending to the corporate as well as household sectors gained further traction as the year progressed; Nevertheless, the expansion is now only in line with inflation, i.e., the private sector is not deleveraging any more; Total deposit momentum accelerated substantially, bolstered by interest rates staying on an elevated level
China		9.0		0.5		3.7		9.7		Corporate lending maintained its robust pace in 2025, which nevertheless is the lowest since before the pandemic; By contrast, retail lending has come to a standstill and is the weakest on record (covering nearly two decades); On the deposit side, business with households continues to flourish, while it has picked up moderately with corporates, following a mild contraction in the prior year

1Total U.S. deposits as segment breakdown is not available

The global Investment Banking & Capital Markets fee pool increased by 12% to € 92 billion in 2025, making it the

second‑highest investment banking fee pool in the bank’s internal record, after 2021. This marked the second

consecutive year of double‑digit growth following the market downturn in 2022 and 2023, with the 2025 fee pool

standing 43% above 2023 levels. The Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) fee pool was the primary driver of growth, reaching

€ 37 billion, marginally below the 2021 peak, and contributing € 5.3 billion of the € 9.7 billion total increase. Within M&A,

activity in “mega” deals exceeding € 10 billion rose sharply, with announced volumes more than doubling. Equity capital

markets, leveraged debt capital markets and debt capital markets also recorded higher fee pools, rising by 16%, 7% and

8% respectively, and together contributing the remaining € 4.4 billion increase. Regionally, the global fee pool shifted

away from Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), which grew by 3%, towards the U.S. and Asia-Pacific (APAC), which

recorded growth of 14% and 16%, respectively. The United Kingdom & Ireland region continued to lag global trends, with

its fee pool declining by 2%. Global Sponsor activity increased by 6%, although corporate activity rose by a higher

amount at 14%. However, a 46% increase in announced Sponsor M&A volumes suggests a more constructive environment

for private equity heading into 2026. In Fixed Income, revenue pools remained at elevated levels in 2025, and Deutsche

Bank’s assessment is that they increased further compared to the previous year. Foreign exchange activity is expected to

have risen across the ten most‑traded currencies globally, supported by heightened volatility in the first half of the year

and broader growth in derivative activity. Rates revenues increased materially, reflecting strong client demand and a

more supportive market environment, and Emerging Markets revenues also improved year on year. In Credit Trading,

performance has been broadly in line with the prior year, with markets recovering strongly in the second half of 2025

following the reaction to U.S. tariff policy in the second quarter of 2025. In Financing, client demand remained robust,

supporting the expectation of a revenue pool above the prior‑year level.

7

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Executive summary

Deutsche Bank performance

Deutsche Bank’s net profit was € 6.8 billion in 2025, up from € 4.5 billion in 2024. This year-on-year development

reflected strong operational performance in 2025 and the non-recurrence of specific litigation items which negatively

impacted 2024. Provision for credit losses was € 1.7 billion in 2025, down 7% from € 1.8 billion in 2024, or 36 basis points

of average loans.

In respect of financial year 2025, management plans to propose a dividend of € 1.00 per share, or € 1.9 billion, to

shareholders at its Annual General Meeting in May 2026, up by around 50% from € 0.68 per share for 2024. The bank has

secured the customary authorizations for € 1.0 billion in further share repurchases in respect of 2025. Together, these

measures would increase cumulative capital distributions to shareholders by a further € 2.9 billion. Cumulative capital

distributions in respect of the financial years 2021-2025, paid or payable in 2022-2026, would thereby reach € 8.5 billion.

Profit before tax was € 9.1 billion for the full year 2025 up 35% from € 6.7 billion in 2024. Revenues were € 31.4 billion,

essentially flat year on year compared to € 31.5 billion in 2024. Noninterest expenses were € 20.7 billion, down 10%, and

included € 0.4 billion in nonoperating costs compared to € 2.6 billion in 2024. Adjusted costs, which exclude

nonoperating costs, were down 1% to € 20.3 billion. The cost/income ratio was 66% compared to 73% in 2024. Post-tax

return on average shareholders’ equity was 8.5%, compared to 5.5% in the prior year. Post-tax return on average tangible

shareholders’ equity was 9.4% in 2025, compared to 6.2% in 2024. The year-on-year development in both ratios reflected

the strong operational performance achieved in 2025 as well as lower restructuring and severance charges and the non-

recurrence of specific litigation items compared to 2024.

Net revenues were € 31.4 billion in 2025, essentially flat compared to € 31.5 billion in 2024. Net commission and fee

income grew 5% to € 10.9 billion, while net interest income in key segments of the banking book remained resilient at

€ 13.7 billion, up 2%, reflecting higher deposit volumes. Compound annual revenue growth since 2021 was 5.3% through

the end of 2025.

Provision for credit losses was € 1.7 billion in 2025, or 35 basis points of average loans, a decrease of 7% from

€ 1.8 billion, or 38 basis points of average loans, in 2024, despite elevated macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty

and ongoing headwinds in Commercial Real Estate.

Noninterest expenses were € 20.7 billion in 2025, down 10% year on year. This development was primarily driven by a

decrease in nonoperating costs to € 0.4 billion, down 86%, from € 2.6 billion in 2024, which largely reflected the non-

recurrence of specific litigation items as well as lower restructuring and severance charges compared to 2024. Adjusted

costs were € 20.3 billion, down 1% compared to the prior year. Higher variable compensation expenses, reflecting the

bank’s performance, were offset by cost reductions in IT, professional services and other expenses.

Income tax expense was € 2.3 billion in 2025, compared to € 2.2 billion in the prior year. The effective tax rate of 25% in

2025 was positively impacted by the German Tax Reform and the geographical mix of income, compared to 33% in 2024,

which was mainly affected by litigation charges that were non-tax deductible.

Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 14.2% at the end of 2025, slightly above the bank’s operating target range of

13.5% to 14.0%, and up from 13.8% at the end of 2024. Organic capital generation from increased profitability offset the

combined impacts of higher capital distributions and coupon payments, regulatory impacts and business growth during

the year.

Adjusted costs, nonoperating cost, net interest income in the key banking book segments, and post-tax return on

average tangible shareholders’ equity are Non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to “Supplementary Information

(Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this Annual Report for the definitions of such measures and

reconciliations to the IFRS measures on which they are based. With effect from the first quarter of 2026, Deutsche Bank

will discontinue the separate reporting of adjusted costs and nonoperating costs.

8

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Deutsche Bank Group

Deutsche Bank Group

Deutsche Bank’s Organization

Headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Deutsche Bank is the largest bank in Germany and one of the largest

financial institutions in the world, as measured by total assets of € 1,440 billion as of December 31, 2025. As of that date,

the bank had 89,879 full-time equivalent internal employees and operated in 55 countries with 1,179 branches, of which

64% were located in Germany.

Deutsche Bank Value Chain

Deutsche Bank’s business model considers impacts, risks and opportunities in relation to Environmental, Social and

Governance matters along the bank’s value chain, which comprises its upstream value chain, its own operations and its

downstream value chain. The following chart illustrates Deutsche Bank’s value chain and describes its components.

Intangible resources

The most important intangible resources for Deutsche Bank's business model from an economic point of view are its

customer relationships and its workforce. Other important intangible resources are the bank's brand name and its data

and software. When required by IFRS, intangible resources are recognized in the balance sheet and described in the

consolidated financial statements

Deutsche Bank’s organizational model

As of December 31, 2025, the bank was organized into the following business segments:

–Corporate Bank

–Investment Bank

–Private Bank

–Asset Management

–Corporate & Other

Deutsche Bank has a country and regional organizational layer to facilitate a consistent implementation of global

strategies.

The bank has operations or dealings with existing and potential customers in most countries in the world. These

operations and dealings include working through:

–Subsidiaries and branches

–Representative offices

–One or more representatives assigned to serve customers

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Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Deutsche Bank Group

Capital expenditures or divestitures related to the business segments are included in the respective corporate division

overview below.

Management structure

The Management Board has structured the Group as a matrix organization, comprising business segments and

infrastructure functions operating in legal entities and branches across geographic locations.

The Management Board is responsible for the management of the company in accordance with the law, the Articles of

Association and the Terms of Reference for the Management Board with the objective of creating sustainable value in

the interests of the company. It considers the interests of shareholders, employees and other company-related

stakeholders. The Management Board manages Deutsche Bank Group in accordance with uniform guidelines; it exercises

general control over all entities and branches.

The Management Board decides on all matters prescribed by law and the Articles of Association and ensures compliance

with the legal requirements and internal guidelines (compliance) and also takes the necessary measures to ensure that

adequate internal guidelines are developed and implemented. The Management Board's responsibilities include the

bank’s strategic management and direction, the allocation of resources, financial accounting and reporting, control and

risk management, as well as corporate control and a properly functioning business organization. The members of the

Management Board are collectively responsible for managing the bank’s business.

The allocation of functional responsibilities to the individual members of the Management Board is described in its

Business Allocation Plan, which sets the framework for the delegation of responsibilities to senior management below

the Management Board. The Management Board endorses individual accountability of senior position holders as opposed

to joint decision-taking in committees. At the same time, the Management Board recognizes the importance of having

comprehensive and robust information across all businesses in order to take well informed decisions. Governance fora

are established across the bank with the purpose of providing the necessary information to support the accountable

individuals in their decision-making process.

Corporate Bank

Corporate division overview

Corporate Bank is primarily focused on serving corporate clients, including the German “Mittelstand”, larger and smaller

sized commercial and business banking clients in Germany as well as multinational companies. The division also provides

financial institutions with certain transaction banking services. Corporate Bank reports revenues based on three client

categories: Corporate Treasury Services, Institutional Client Services and Business Banking.

There have been no significant capital expenditures or divestitures since January 1, 2023.

Products and services

Corporate Bank is a global provider of cash management, lending, trade finance, trust and securities services, and risk

management solutions. Cash management services include integrated payments and FX solutions. Trade finance and

lending offering spans from documentary and guarantee business to structured trade finance and lending. Trust and

securities services cover depository receipts, corporate trust, document custody and securities services. Focusing on the

finance departments of corporate and commercial clients and financial institutions in Germany and across the globe, its

holistic expertise and global network allow the bank to offer integrated solutions.

In addition to Corporate Bank’s product suite, coverage teams provide clients with access to the expertise of Investment

Bank.

Distribution channels and marketing

The corporate coverage function of Corporate Bank focuses on international mid and large corporate clients and is

organized into three units: Global Coverage, MidCorps Coverage and Risk Management Solutions. Coverage includes

multi-product generalists covering headquarter level and subsidiaries via global, regional and local coverage teams for

multinational companies. MidCorps Coverage includes multi-product generalists with a special focus on medium sized

enterprises. Risk Management Solutions includes Foreign Exchange, Emerging Markets and Rates product specialists.

This unit is managed regionally in Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, Americas and Europe to ensure close connectivity to

clients.

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Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Deutsche Bank Group

Corporate clients are served out of all three of the Corporate Bank’s client categories. Corporate Treasury Services

covers mid and large corporate clients across two brands, Deutsche Bank and Postbank, and offers the whole range of

solutions across cash, trade financing, lending and risk management for the corporate treasurer. Institutional Client

Services comprises of Cash Management for institutional clients and Trust and Securities Services. Business Banking

covers small corporates and entrepreneur clients and offers a largely standardized product suite and selected

contextual-banking partner offerings (e.g., accounting solutions).

Investment Bank

Corporate division overview

Investment Bank combines Deutsche Bank’s Fixed Income & Currencies and Investment Banking & Capital Markets

(renamed in the fourth quarter of 2025 from “Origination & Advisory”) businesses, as well as Deutsche Bank Research and

Other. The Investment Bank focuses on its traditional strengths in these markets, bringing together wholesale banking

expertise across risk management, sales and trading, investment banking and infrastructure. This enables the Investment

Bank to align resourcing and capital across its client and product perimeter to effectively support the bank’s strategic

goals.

In April 2023, Deutsche Bank announced that it reached an agreement on an all-cash offer for the acquisition of Numis

Corporation Plc (“Numis”). On October 13, 2023, Deutsche Bank completed the transaction and acquired a 100% interest

in Numis for a cash purchase price of GBP 397 million. After the initial purchase price allocation, goodwill of € 233 million

related to the transaction was identified. Deutsche Bank assigned the identified goodwill to the Investment Bank cash

generating unit (CGU). Given the value of the Investment Bank CGU, the goodwill was considered impaired and written

off in the fourth quarter of 2023.

There have been no significant divestitures since January 1, 2023.

Products and services

Fixed Income & Currencies is split into two sub-categories: “Fixed Income & Currencies: Financing”, which provides

comprehensive, customized financing solutions across industries and asset classes; and “Fixed Income & Currencies:

Markets” (renamed in the fourth quarter of 2025 from “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex-Financing”), which combines

institutional sales, trading and structuring expertise across Foreign Exchange, Rates, Emerging Markets and Credit

Trading. The Fixed Income & Currencies business operates globally and provides both corporate and institutional clients

liquidity, market making services and a range of specialized risk management solutions across a broad range of Fixed

Income & Currencies products. The application of technology and continued innovation of the transaction lifecycle

processes is enabling Deutsche Bank to increase automation/electronification in order to respond to client and

regulatory requirements.

Investment Banking & Capital Markets is responsible for the bank’s Mergers and Acquisitions business and Capital

Markets businesses across Debt and Equity. The IBCM franchise comprises regional and industry-focused product and

coverage teams, leveraging senior relationships to deliver a range of advisory and financial products and services to the

bank’s clients in partnership with the Fixed Income & Currencies franchise and other divisions of the bank.

Distribution channels and marketing

Coverage of the Investment Bank’s clients is provided principally by three groups working in conjunction with each other:

The Institutional Client Group, which houses the debt sales team, Investment Banking Coverage within Investment

Banking & Capital Markets and Risk Management Solutions in Corporate Bank, which covers capital markets and treasury

solutions. The close cooperation between these groups helps to create enhanced synergies leading to increased cross

selling of products/solutions to clients.

11

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Deutsche Bank Group

Private Bank

Corporate division overview

Private Bank serves personal and private clients, wealthy individuals, entrepreneurs and families. The international

businesses also focus on commercial clients in selected markets. Private Bank is organized along the client sectors

Wealth Management (renamed in the fourth quarter of 2025 from Wealth Management & Private Banking) and Personal

Banking.

This client-centric approach reflects the aim to serve clients in a more targeted and effective way across the Private

Bank. Wealth Management combines the coverage of private banking, high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth clients,

as well as business clients in selected international markets. The client sector Personal Banking serves retail and affluent

customers as well as commercial banking clients in Italy and Spain (i.e., all small business clients and small sized

corporate clients that are not covered as part of the Wealth Management client sector).

There have been no significant capital expenditures or divestitures since January 1, 2023.

Products and services

Private Bank’s offers a range of payment and account services, credit and deposit products as well as investment advice.

These offerings include products which provide its clients access to Sustainable Finance lending and ESG investment

solutions based on specified classification and due diligence methodologies including ESG strategies, ratings and

exclusion criteria.

Personal Banking Germany pursues a differentiated, customer-focused approach with two strong and complementary

main brands: Deutsche Bank and Postbank. The Deutsche Bank brand provides private customers with banking and

financial products and services, including individualized advisory solutions. The Postbank brand focuses on offering retail

customers standard products and daily retail banking services supported by direct banking capabilities. In cooperation

with Deutsche Post DHL AG, the retail bank in Germany also offers postal and parcel services in selected Postbank

branches. In the international markets of Italy, Spain and India, the bank provides retail customers with daily banking

services as well as investment advisory solutions.

Wealth Management globally offers private banking, high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth clients bespoke and

sophisticated services in planning, managing and investing wealth, financing personal and business interests and

servicing institutional and corporate needs.

Distribution channels and marketing

Private Bank pursues an omni-channel approach, enabling customers to choose flexibly among different ways to access

services and products.

The distribution channels include branch networks, supported by advisory and customer call centers, self-service

terminals and digital offerings, such as online and mobile banking. Private Bank also collaborates with self-employed

financial advisors and other sales and cooperation partners, including Business-to-Business-to-Consumer partners in

Germany. For Wealth Management clients, the Private Bank deploys a client coverage team model with relationship and

investment managers supported by client service executives, who assist with wealth management services and open-

architecture products. In Germany, Deutsche Oppenheim Family Office AG provides family office services, discretionary

funds and advisory solutions.

Expanding digital capabilities remains a strong focus across the businesses, as client behavior continues to shift towards

digital channels. The Private Bank will continue optimizing its omni-channel mix to provide customers with the most

convenient access to products and services.

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Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Deutsche Bank Group

Asset Management

Corporate division overview

With € 1,085 billion of assets under management as of December 31, 2025, the Asset Management division, which

operates under the brand DWS, aspires to be a leading asset manager. DWS serves a diverse client base of retail and

institutional investors worldwide, with a strong presence in the bank’s home market in Germany. These clients include

large government institutions, corporations and foundations as well as individual investors. As a regulated asset manager,

DWS acts as a fiduciary for its clients. Responsible investing has been an important part of DWS’s heritage for decades,

and DWS is committed to acting and investing in its clients’ best interest.

Deutsche Bank Group retains 79.5% ownership interest in DWS, and asset management remains a core business for the

Group. The shares of DWS are listed on the Frankfurt stock exchange.

There have been no significant capital expenditures or divestitures since January 1, 2023.

Products and services

DWS offers individuals and institutions access to investment capabilities across all major asset classes in Active, Passive

including Xtrackers range and Alternatives. In addition, DWS’s solution strategies are targeted to client needs that

cannot be addressed by traditional asset classes alone.

Distribution channels and marketing

DWS product offerings are managed by a global investment platform and distributed across EMEA, the Americas and

Asia Pacific through a single global distribution network. DWS also leverages third-party distribution channels, including

other divisions of Deutsche Bank Group.

Infrastructure

The Infrastructure functions perform control and service activities for the businesses, including tasks relating to Group-

wide, cross-divisional resource-planning, steering and control, as well as tasks relating to risk, liquidity and capital

management.

The Infrastructure functions are organized into the following areas of responsibility linked to a dedicated member of the

Management Board:

–Chief Executive Office

–Chief Financial Office

–Chief Risk Office

–Chief Operating Office

–Compliance & Anti-Financial Crime

–Chief Technology, Data and Innovation

Infrastructure also includes Communications & Corporate Social Responsibility, Chief Sustainability Office, Group Audit,

Group Governance, Legal, Global Procurement, Global Real Estate, Human Resources and Investor Relations.

Significant capital expenditures and divestitures

Information on each business segment’s significant capital expenditures and divestitures for the last three financial years

has been included in the above descriptions of the corporate divisions.

Since January 1, 2023, there have been no public takeover offers by third parties with respect to Deutsche Bank’s shares.

13

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Results of operations

Consolidated results of operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements.

Condensed consolidated statement of income

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net interest income		15,673		15,161		16,122		513		3		(961)		(6)
Provision for credit losses		1,707		1,830		1,505		(123)		(7)		325		22
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		13,967		13,331		14,617		636		5		(1,286)		(9)
Net commission and fee income		10,891		10,372		9,206		519		5		1,166		13
Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		4,577		5,655		5,575		(1,078)		(19)		81		1
Net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		49		48		—		1		2		49		N/M
Net gains (losses) on financial assets at amortized cost		9		(11)		(96)		20		N/M		85		(89)
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		(6)		12		(38)		(18)		N/M		49		N/M
Other income (loss)		240		267		387		(27)		(10)		(120)		(31)
Total noninterest income		15,761		16,344		15,033		(583)		(4)		1,310		9
Memo: Total net revenues		31,434		31,504		31,155		(70)		0		349		1
Compensation and benefits		11,813		11,731		11,131		82		1		601		5
General and administrative expenses		8,860		11,243		10,112		(2,383)		(21)		1,131		11
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		233		—		N/M		(233)		N/M
Restructuring activities		(15)		(3)		220		(12)		N/M		(223)		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		20,658		22,971		21,695		(2,313)		(10)		1,276		6
Profit (loss) before tax		9,069		6,703		7,955		2,366		35		(1,251)		(16)
Income tax expense (benefit)		2,255		2,223		1,503		33		1		719		48
Profit (loss)		6,814		4,481		6,452		2,333		52		(1,971)		(31)
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		208		139		119		69		50		19		16
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		6,606		4,342		6,332		2,264		52		(1,990)		(31)
Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components		809		668		560		141		21		108		19
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders		5,797		3,674		5,772		2,123		58		(2,098)		(36)

N/M – Not meaningful

14

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Net interest income

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Total interest and similar income		44,440		48,996		43,546		(4,556)		(9)		5,449		13
Total interest expenses		28,766		33,835		27,424		(5,069)		(15)		6,411		23
Net interest income		15,673		15,161		16,122		513		3		(961)		(6)
Average interest- earning assets1		1,040,986		1,001,695		977,624		39,291		4		24,071		2
Average interest- bearing liabilities1		848,862		797,184		735,956		51,678		6		61,228		8
Gross interest yield2		4.26%		4.88%		4.44%		(0.62)ppt		(13)		0.44ppt		10
Gross interest rate paid3		3.38%		4.24%		3.71%		(0.86)ppt		(20)		0.53ppt		14
Net interest spread4		0.88%		0.65%		0.73%		0.23ppt		35		(0.08)ppt		(11)
Net interest margin5		1.51%		1.51%		1.65%		0.00ppt		—		(0.14)ppt		(8)

ppt – Percentage points

1Average balances for the year calculated based on month-end balances

2Gross interest yield as the average interest rate earned on average interest-earning assets

3Gross interest rate paid as the average interest rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities

4Net interest spread as the difference between the average interest rate earned on average interest-earning assets and the average interest rate paid on average interest-

bearing liabilities

5Net interest margin as net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets

2025

Net interest income was € 15.7 billion in 2025, an increase of € 513 million or 3% compared to 2024. Lower interest

income on assets, mainly driven by the lower interest rate environment, was more than offset by lower interest expenses

on deposits. Net interest income included no interest expenses under the Targeted Long-Term Refinancing Operation III

(TLTRO III) program in 2025, whereas 2024 included interest expenses of € 144 million under this program. Overall, the

bank's net interest margin was 1.5% in 2025 and 2024.

2024

Net interest income was € 15.2 billion in 2024, down 6% compared to 2023. The decrease of € 1.0 billion was driven by

higher interest paid on deposits and partly offset by higher interest revenues. Net interest income included interest

expenses of € 144 million under the Targeted Long-Term Refinancing Operation III (TLTRO III) program in 2024, whereas

2023 included interest expenses of € 741 million under this program. Overall, the bank's net interest margin was 1.5% in

2024, up from 1.7% in 2023.

15

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Trading income		4,751		5,563		5,506		(811)		(15)		56		1
Net gains (losses) on non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		160		(65)		217		225		N/M		(282)		N/M
Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		(334)		158		(148)		(492)		N/M		306		N/M
Total net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		4,577		5,655		5,575		(1,078)		(19)		81		1

N/M – Not meaningful

2025

Net gains on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss amounted to € 4.6 billion in 2025, compared to

€ 5.7 billion in 2024, reflecting a decrease of € 1.1 billion, or 19%. The decrease was primarily driven by negative impacts

from interest rate hedges in Corporate & Other as well as changes in the market valuation of derivatives in the

Investment Bank. In addition, changes in valuation adjustments mainly on guaranteed funds in Asset Management, which

had a corresponding offset in other income, contributed to the decrease. These effects were partly offset by increased

mark-to-market impacts from hedge activities in the Corporate Bank and Private Bank.

2024

Net gains on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss amounted to € 5.7 billion in 2024, compared to

€ 5.6 billion in 2023, reflecting an increase of € 81 million, or 1%. This increase was primarily driven by valuation

adjustments primarily on guaranteed funds in Asset Management, which had a corresponding offset in other income.

Corporate & Other also recorded an increase mainly due to higher interest rate hedges. These gains are partly offset by

changes in the market valuation of derivatives in the Investment Bank.

16

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through

profit or loss

The bank’s trading and risk management activities include interest rate instruments and related derivatives. Under IFRS,

interest and similar income earned from trading instruments and financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

(i.e., coupon and dividend income) and the costs of funding net trading positions are part of net interest income. The

bank’s trading activities can periodically shift income between net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial

assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss depending on a variety of factors, including risk management

strategies.

In order to provide a more business focused discussion, the following table presents net interest income and net gains

(losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss by business segments.

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net interest income		15,673		15,161		16,122		513		3		(961)		(6)
Total net gains (losses) on financial assets/ liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		4,577		5,655		5,575		(1,078)		(19)		81		1
Total net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		20,250		20,816		21,697		(566)		(3)		(881)		(4)
Breakdown by business segments:1
Corporate Bank		4,669		4,946		5,193		(277)		(6)		(247)		(5)
Investment Bank		9,308		8,368		7,976		939		11		393		5
Private Bank		6,470		5,998		6,377		472		8		(379)		(6)
Asset Management		180		269		(11)		(89)		(33)		280		N/M
Corporate & Other		(376)		1,235		2,163		(1,611)		N/M		(928)		(43)
Total net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		20,250		20,816		21,697		(566)		(3)		(881)		(4)

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior years’ comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1This breakdown reflects net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss; for a discussion of the business

segments’ total revenues by product please refer to Note 04 “Business Segments and related information” of this report

2025

Total net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss amounted

to € 20.3 billion in 2025, compared to € 20.8 billion in 2024, reflecting a decrease of € 566 million, or 3%. The decrease

was driven by lower net gains on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The overall decrease was

predominantly driven by Corporate & Other, which recorded lower results of € 1.6 billion compared to prior year,

primarily driven by negative impacts from interest rate hedges. In the Corporate Bank, net interest income and net gains

(losses) decreased by € 277 million, as interest rate hedging, growth in business volumes and favorable changes in the

market valuation of derivatives were more than offset by margin normalization and foreign exchange movements. Net

interest income and net gains (losses) in Asset Management decreased by € 89 million, reflecting valuation adjustments

primarily on guaranteed funds being offset in other income. These decreases were partially offset by the Private Bank, for

which net interest income and net gains (losses) increased by € 472 million, mainly due to higher deposit volumes and

increased mark-to-market impacts from hedge activities, which had a partial offsetting effect in other income. In the

Investment Bank, there was an increase of € 939 million, primarily driven by volume growth combined with stronger

lending income in FIC, specifically in Foreign Exchange and Emerging Markets.

2024

Total net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss amounted

to € 20.8 billion in 2024, compared to € 21.7 billion in 2023, reflecting a decrease of € 881 million. This decrease is driven

by lower net interest income. The overall decrease was predominantly driven by Corporate & Other, which recorded

lower results of € 928 million compared to prior year, primarily due to lower net interest income. In the Private Bank, net

interest income and net gains (losses) decreased by € 379 million mainly due to higher funding costs and hedging

activities partially offset by growth in deposits and lending. In the Corporate Bank, net interest income and net gains

(losses) decreased by € 247 million primarily due to lower interest income and higher funding costs. These decreases

were partially offset by the Investment Bank, which reported an increase of € 393 million primarily driven by higher net

interest income partly offset by lower net gains on financial assets/liabilities mainly from a lower mark-to-market from

derivatives in FIC Markets. Net interest income and net gains (losses) in Asset Management increased by € 280 million,

reflecting a more favorable valuation adjustment primarily on guaranteed funds with offset in other income.

17

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Provision for credit losses

2025

Provision for credit losses was € 1.7 billion in 2025, down from € 1.8 billion in 2024.and 35 basis points (bps) of average

loans, in line with the guidance the bank provided after the third quarter. The decrease was primarily driven by lower

Stage 3 bookings, notwithstanding persistently elevated provisions for the commercial real estate sector. This was

partially offset by higher Stage 1 and Stage 2 provisions resulting from model-related effects. Overall, portfolio quality

remains stable.

2024

Provision for credit losses was € 1.8 billion in 2024, up from € 1.5 billion in 2023 and 38 basis points (bps) of average

loans, in line with the guidance the bank provided after the third quarter. The increase was driven by cyclical events in

the commercial real estate sector, certain larger corporate credit events and temporary effects following the Postbank

integration. The wider portfolios performed broadly in line with expectations despite the challenging macroeconomic

and interest rate environment.

The sections “Segment results of operations” and “Risk Report” provide further details on provision for credit losses.

18

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Remaining noninterest income

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net commission and fee income		10,891		10,372		9,206		519		5		1,166		13
Net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		49		48		—		1		2		49		N/M
Net gains (losses) on financial assets at amortized cost		9		(11)		(96)		20		N/M		85		(89)
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		(6)		12		(38)		(18)		N/M		49		N/M
Other income (loss)		240		267		387		(27)		(10)		(120)		(31)
Total remaining noninterest income		11,184		10,688		9,458		495		5		1,230		13
1 includes:
Net commission and fees from fiduciary activities:
Commissions for administration		318		317		280		1		0		37		13
Commissions for assets under management		4,451		4,022		3,700		430		11		322		9
Commissions for other securities		494		433		441		61		14		(8)		(2)
Total		5,264		4,772		4,421		492		10		351		8
Net commissions, broker’s fees, mark-ups on securities underwriting and other securities activities:
Underwriting and advisory fees		1,771		1,669		1,105		102		6		564		51
Brokerage fees		455		455		366		(1)		0		89		24
Total		2,226		2,124		1,471		102		5		653		44
Net fees for other customer services		3,402		3,476		3,314		(74)		(2)		162		5
Total net commission and fee income		10,891		10,372		9,206		519		5		1,166		13

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

Net commission and fee income

2025

Net commission and fee income was € 10.9 billion in 2025, an increase of € 519 million or 5% compared to 2024. The

increase was mainly driven by higher performance fees and management fees from higher average assets under

management, supported by positive market developments and net inflows in Asset Management as well as a strong

contribution from Trade Finance & Lending, Institutional Cash Management and Trust and Agency Services businesses in

the Corporate Bank. In addition, higher fee revenues in private credit lending and financing on balance sheet investment

in the Investment Bank as well as higher investment revenues, mainly from discretionary portfolio mandates and partly

offset by higher cards and payments costs in Private Bank, contributed to the increase.

2024

Net commission and fee income was € 10.4 billion in 2024, an increase of € 1.2 billion or 13% compared to 2023. The

increase was driven by higher underwriting and advisory fees in Investment Banking & Capital Markets in the Investment

Bank and a particularly strong contribution from the Trade Finance business in the Corporate Bank. In addition, higher

management fees in Asset Management from higher assets under management contributed to the increase.

19

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

2025

Net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income were € 49 million in 2025 and

€ 48 million in 2024, driven by a sale of bonds and securities from the strategic liquidity reserve.

2024

Net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income were € 48 million in 2024 and

€ (0) million in 2023, mainly driven by a sale of bonds and securities from the strategic liquidity reserve.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets at amortized cost

2025

Net gains (losses) on financial assets at amortized cost were € 9 million in 2025 compared to € (11) million in 2024, driven

by derecognition of loans held at amortized cost.

2024

Net gains (losses) on financial assets at amortized cost were € (11) million in 2024 compared to € (96) million in 2023,

driven by sales primarily related to the hold-to-collect portfolio.

Net income (loss) from equity method investments

2025

Net income (loss) from equity method investments was € (6) million in 2025 compared to € 12 million in 2024, a decrease

of € 18 million, mainly driven by losses related to the deconsolidation of an investment, partially offset by net profit on

the investments due to upward valuations.

2024

Net income (loss) from equity method investments was € 12 million in 2024 compared to € (38) million in 2023, an

increase of € 49 million, mainly related to an upward valuation of the underlying loan assets in Harvest Fund

Management Company Limited.

Other income (loss)

2025

Other income (loss) was € 240 million in 2025 compared to € 267 million in 2024. The decrease was primarily related to

the market movements in the hedge portfolio compared to gains in 2024 with an offset due to valuation adjustments

mainly on guaranteed funds in Asset Management.

2024

Other income (loss) was € 267 million in 2024 compared to € 387 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily related to

the market movements in the hedge portfolio compared to gains in 2023.

20

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Noninterest expenses

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Compensation and benefits		11,813		11,731		11,131		82		1		601		5
General and administrative expenses¹		8,860		11,243		10,112		(2,383)		(21)		1,131		11
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		233		—		N/M		(233)		N/M
Restructuring activities		(15)		(3)		220		(12)		N/M		(223)		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		20,658		22,971		21,695		(2,313)		(10)		1,276		6
N/M – Not meaningful
1 includes:
Information Technology		3,504		3,610		3,755		(106)		(3)		(145)		(4)
Occupancy, furniture and equipment expenses		1,463		1,624		1,478		(161)		(10)		147		10
Regulatory, tax & insurance2		862		1,028		1,399		(165)		(16)		(371)		(27)
Professional services		671		763		899		(92)		(12)		(136)		(15)
Banking Services and outsourced operations		891		964		964		(73)		(8)		1		0
Market Data and Research services		410		400		374		11		3		26		7
Travel expenses		152		153		143		—		0		10		7
Marketing expenses		195		149		203		46		31		(54)		(26)
Other expenses3		710		2,552		899		(1,842)		(72)		1,654		184
Total general and administrative expenses		8,860		11,243		10,112		(2,383)		(21)		1,131		11

2Includes bank levy of € 148 million in 2025, € 172 million in 2024 and € 528 million in 2023

3Includes litigation related expenses of € 179 million in 2025 and € 2,035 million in 2024 and € 311 million in 2023; see Note 27 “Provisions”, for more details on litigation

Compensation and benefits

2025

Compensation and benefits increased by € 82 million or 1% to € 11.8 billion in 2025 compared to € 11.7 billion in 2024.

The increase was driven mainly by higher performance-related compensation, partially offset by lower severance costs.

2024

Compensation and benefits increased by € 601 million or 5% to € 11.7 billion in 2024 compared to € 11.1 billion in 2023.

The increase was driven mainly by higher performance-related compensation, wage growth and increases in internal

workforce related to the bank’s targeted investments as part of the bank’s Global Hausbank strategy as well as higher

severance costs.

General and administrative expenses

2025

General and administrative expenses decreased by € 2.4 billion, or 21%, to € 8.9 billion in 2025 compared to € 11.2 billion

in 2024. The decrease was mainly driven by the non-recurrence of litigation charges related to the Postbank takeover

litigation matter and the Polish FX Mortgage matters as well as the reversal of the RusChemAlliance indemnification

asset which impacted the prior year. The decrease was further supported by lower bank levies, reduced depreciation on

right‑of‑use assets within lease expenses, and lower information technology costs, mainly reflecting reduced vendor and

IT platform expenses.

2024

General and administrative expenses increased by € 1.1 billion, or 11%, to € 11.2 billion in 2024 compared to

€ 10.1 billion in 2023. The increase was driven by an increase in other expenses, mainly due to increased litigation

charges related to the Postbank takeover litigation matter and the Polish FX Mortgage matters as well as the reversal of

the RusChemAlliance indemnification asset. This was partly offset by a decrease in bank levies of € 355 million in 2024,

lower fees for professional services and lower expenses in information technology, mainly relating to lower vendor costs

and lower IT platform costs.

21

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets

2025

No impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets was recognized in either 2025 or 2024.

2024

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets was € 0 million in 2024 compared to € 233 million in 2023 relating to

the impaired goodwill of Numis in the Investment Bank.

Restructuring

2025

Restructuring activities were a release of € 15 million in 2025 compared to a release of € 3 million in 2024. The

development in both periods was primarily driven by Private Bank executing its strategic initiatives.

2024

Restructuring activities were a release of € 3 million in 2024 compared to charges of € 220 million in 2023. The

development in both periods was primarily driven by Private Bank in the context of the execution of strategic initiatives.

Income tax expense

2025

Income tax expense was € 2.3 billion in 2025, compared to € 2.2 billion in the prior year. The effective tax rate in 2025 of

25% primarily benefited from the positive impact of the German Tax Reform and the geographical mix of income.

2024

Income tax expense was € 2.2 billion in 2024, compared to € 1.5 billion in the prior year. The effective tax rate in 2024 of

33% was mainly affected by litigation charges that are non-tax deductible.

Net profit (loss)

2025

Net profit in 2025 was € 6.8 billion, compared to € 4.5 billion in the prior year. The increase in net profit reflected a strong

operational performance in 2025 and the non-recurrence of specific litigation items which negatively impacted 2024.

2024

Net profit in 2024 was € 4.5 billion, compared to € 6.5 billion in the prior year. The decrease in net profit was primarily

driven by the aforementioned increase in litigation expenses and higher income tax expenses compared to 2023.

22

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Segment results of operations

The following section is a discussion of the results of the business segments. Please refer to Note 04 “Business Segments

and related information” to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding:

–Changes in the format of the bank’s segment disclosure

–The framework of the bank’s management reporting systems

Deutsche Bank’s segment reporting follows the organizational structure as reflected in the Group’s internal management

reporting systems, which are the basis for assessing the financial performance of the business segments and for

allocating resources to them. The segmentation is based on the structure of the Group as of December 31, 2025. Prior

year’s comparatives were aligned to the presentation in the current year.

		2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Net revenues1		7,400		11,541		9,665		3,077		(249)		31,434
Provision for credit losses		194		827		578		(2)		108		1,707
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,632		2,894		2,795		952		3,541		11,813
General and administrative expenses		2,971		3,782		3,958		871		(2,721)		8,860
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restructuring activities		—		—		(15)		—		—		(15)
Total noninterest expenses		4,603		6,675		6,738		1,823		819		20,658
Noncontrolling interests		—		16		—		272		(289)		—
Profit (loss) before tax		2,603		4,022		2,348		983		(887)		9,069
Assets (in € bn)2		323		736		316		11		54		1,440
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)		120		115		247		—		3		484
Additions to non-current assets		14		6		65		20		1,938		2,042
Deposits (in € bn)		329		28		329		—		8		695
Average allocated shareholders' equity		12,199		23,967		14,763		5,2183		12,396		68,543
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)		72		136		92		16		31		347
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)4		11		18		15		5		14		63
Leverage exposure (in € bn)		358		602		326		10		32		1,327
Employees (full-time equivalent)		27,320		20,592		35,443		5,425		1,099		89,879
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity5,6		14.1%		10.8%		10.1%		12.9%		N/M		8.5%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity5,6		15.3%		11.2%		10.5%		29.1%		N/M		9.4%
Cost/income ratio7		62.2%		57.8%		69.7%		59.3%		N/M		65.7%
1 includes:
Net interest income		4,567		4,681		6,169		24		231		15,673
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		4		(69)		4		52		3		(6)
2 includes:
Equity method investments		101		264		102		453		5		924

N/M – Not meaningful

3 Starting from the fourth quarter 2025, the equity allocation framework for Asset Management has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 -

Business segments and related information” of this report

4 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 4 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

5 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

6 Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflect the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which

was 25% for the year ended December 31, 2025; for post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the

Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the

year ended December 31, 2025; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

7Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

23

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

		2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Net revenues1		7,506		10,557		9,386		2,649		1,406		31,504
Provision for credit losses		347		549		851		(1)		83		1,830
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,611		2,690		2,938		919		3,574		11,731
General and administrative expenses		3,448		3,970		4,395		904		(1,474)		11,243
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restructuring activities		(1)		—		(3)		—		—		(3)
Total noninterest expenses		5,058		6,660		7,331		1,823		2,100		22,971
Noncontrolling interests		—		5		—		194		(199)		—
Profit (loss) before tax		2,101		3,344		1,204		632		(577)		6,703
Assets (in € bn)2		280		756		324		11		21		1,391
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)		117		110		257		—		5		490
Additions to non-current assets		12		3		160		30		1,886		2,091
Deposits (in € bn)		313		22		320		—		13		668
Average allocated shareholders' equity		11,681		23,631		13,995		5,329		11,717		66,353
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)		78		130		97		18		34		357
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3		11		15		14		5		13		58
Leverage exposure (in € bn)		339		593		336		10		38		1,316
Employees (full-time equivalent)		26,280		20,065		37,059		5,166		1,183		89,753
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity4,5		11.9%		9.1%		5.1%		8.0%		N/M		5.5%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity4,5		12.7%		9.4%		5.1%		18.0%		N/M		6.2%
Cost/income ratio6		67.4%		63.1%		78.1%		68.8%		N/M		72.9%
1 includes:
Net interest income		4,987		3,372		5,786		25		991		15,161
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		(1)		(46)		21		36		2		12
2 includes:
Equity method investments		90		379		102		451		6		1,028

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

3Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

4Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

5The post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group,

which was 33% for the year ended December 31, 2024; for the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the

segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were

28% for the year ended December 31, 2024; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this

report

6 Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

24

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

		2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Net revenues1		7,718		9,160		9,571		2,383		2,324		31,155
Provision for credit losses		266		431		783		(1)		26		1,505
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,539		2,534		2,808		891		3,358		11,131
General and administrative expenses		3,088		4,082		4,718		934		(2,710)		10,112
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		233		—		—		—		233
Restructuring activities		(4)		(3)		228		—		(1)		220
Total noninterest expenses		4,623		6,846		7,755		1,825		647		21,695
Noncontrolling interests		—		3		—		163		(166)		—
Profit (loss) before tax		2,828		1,880		1,032		396		1,817		7,955
Assets (in € bn)2		264		658		331		10		54		1,317
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)		117		101		261		—		6		485
Additions to non-current assets		13		89		90		73		1,853		2,118
Deposits (in € bn)		289		18		308		—		10		625
Average allocated shareholders' equity		11,280		22,953		13,681		5,103		10,132		63,149
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)		69		140		86		15		40		350
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3		6		22		8		3		19		57
Leverage exposure (in € bn)		307		546		339		10		39		1,240
Employees (full-time equivalent)		25,356		19,899		38,465		4,961		1,449		90,130
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity4,5		17.1%		4.9%		4.5%		5.2%		N/M		9.1%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity4,5		18.5%		5.1%		4.8%		12.2%		N/M		10.2%
Cost/income ratio6		59.9%		74.7%		81.0%		76.6%		N/M		69.6%
1 includes:
Net interest income		5,241		2,887		6,156		(124)		1,963		16,122
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		(6)		(70)		(5)		42		2		(38)
2 includes:
Equity method investments		91		413		84		420		5		1,013

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

3Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

4Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

5The post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group,

which was 19% for the year ended December 31, 2023; for the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the

segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were

28% for the year ended December 31, 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this

report

6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

25

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Corporate Bank

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues
Corporate Treasury Services1		4,220		4,197		4,381		23		1		(184)		(4)
Institutional Client Services		1,917		1,956		1,895		(39)		(2)		62		3
Business Banking1		1,263		1,352		1,442		(90)		(7)		(90)		(6)
Total net revenues		7,400		7,506		7,718		(106)		(1)		(212)		(3)
Of which:
Net interest income2		4,567		4,987		5,241		(419)		(8)		(254)		(5)
Net commission and fee income2		2,704		2,577		2,460		127		5		118		5
Remaining income2		129		(58)		18		186		N/M		(75)		N/M
Provision for credit losses		194		347		266		(153)		(44)		81		30
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,632		1,611		1,539		21		1		72		5
General and administrative expenses		2,971		3,448		3,088		(477)		(14)		359		12
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		(1)		(4)		1		N/M		4		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		4,603		5,058		4,623		(455)		(9)		435		9
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Profit (loss) before tax		2,603		2,101		2,828		502		24		(728)		(26)
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)3		8,420		7,959		7,670		461		6		289		4
Employees (business-aligned operations, full- time equivalent)3		8,181		8,171		8,017		10		0		154		2
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full-time equivalent)3		10,719		10,150		9,669		569		6		481		5
Total employees (full-time equivalent)3		27,320		26,280		25,356		1,040		4		924		4
Total assets (in € bn)3,4		323		280		264		44		16		16		6
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)3		72		78		69		(6)		(8)		9		13
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3,5		11		11		6		—		1		5		94
Leverage exposure (in € bn)3		358		339		307		18		5		33		11
Deposits (in € bn)3		329		313		289		17		5		23		8
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)3		120		117		117		3		2		—		0
Cost/income ratio6		62.2%		67.4%		59.9%		(5.2)ppt		N/M		7.5ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders' equity7,8		14.1%		11.9%		17.1%		2.2ppt		N/M		(5.2)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity7,8		15.3%		12.7%		18.5%		2.6ppt		N/M		(5.8)ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1Starting from the first quarter of 2025, certain smaller non-complex clients previously recorded under Corporate Treasury Services are reported under Business Banking.

The reclassification follows a review and realignment of client coverage to provide clients with the most effective coverage within the Corporate Bank. Prior year’s

comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure

2Starting from the first quarter of 2025, the representation of revenue sharing between Corporate Bank and Investment Bank has changed. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

3 As of year-end

4Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

5Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

7Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

8For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

26

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

2025

Profit before tax was € 2.6 billion in 2025, up by 24% from 2024, primarily driven by lower noninterest expenses and

lower provision for credit losses, partly offset by lower revenues. Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity was

14.1%, up from 11.9% in the prior year, and post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity was 15.3%, up from

12.7% in the prior year. The cost/income ratio was 62%, down from 67% in 2024.

Net revenues were € 7.4 billion, 1% lower year on year as impacts from interest hedging, growth in business volumes and

net commission and fee income was more than offset by margin normalization and foreign exchange movements.

Corporate Treasury Services revenues were € 4.2 billion, up 1% year on year, as positive effects from interest hedging,

higher deposit volumes and growth in net commission and fee income were offset by lower deposit margins. Institutional

Client Services revenues declined by 2% year on year to € 1.9 billion, mainly driven by lower deposit volume in

Institutional Cash Management. Business Banking revenues were € 1.3 billion, down 7% year on year, driven by the

normalization of deposit margins, partly offset by growth in net commission and fee income.

Provision for credit losses was € 194 million in 2025, or 17 basis points of average loans, down from € 347 million in the

last year, driven by lower Stage 3 provisions and a smaller decline in Stage 1 and 2 mainly reflecting model releases.

Noninterest expenses were € 4.6 billion, down 9% driven by lower nonoperating expenses, while adjusted costs remained

flat year on year at € 4.6 billion.

2024

Profit before tax was € 2.1 billion in 2024, down by € 2.8 billion from 2023, primarily driven by higher noninterest

expenses. Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity was 11.9%, down from 17.1% in the prior year, and post-tax

return on average tangible shareholders’ equity was 12.7%, down from 18.5% in the prior year. The cost/income ratio was

67%, up from 60% in 2023.

Net revenues were € 7.5 billion, 3% lower year on year as the normalization of deposit margins was mostly offset by

higher deposit volumes and growth in net commission and fee income. Corporate Treasury Services revenues were € 4.2

billion, down 4% year on year, driven by lower deposit margins mostly offset by higher deposit volumes and growth in net

commission and fee income. Institutional Client Services revenues rose 3% year on year to € 2.0 billion, driven by growth

in Securities Services and Trust and Agency Services. Business Banking revenues were € 1.4 billion, down 6% year on year,

driven by the normalization of deposit margins.

Provision for credit losses was € 347 million in 2024, or 30 basis points of average loans, up from € 266 million, in the last

year, mainly driven by certain larger corporate credit events.

Noninterest expenses were € 5.1 billion, up 9% year on year, driven by a litigation item, while adjusted costs rose 2% year

on year to € 4.6 billion driven by higher internal service cost allocations and front office investments.

27

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Investment Bank

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues
Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC)		9,610		8,518		7,897		1,092		13		621		8
Fixed Income & Currencies: Financing		3,561		3,183		2,909		377		12		275		9
Fixed Income & Currencies: Markets1		6,050		5,335		4,989		715		13		346		7
Investment Banking & Capital Markets2		1,861		1,990		1,238		(129)		(6)		752		61
Debt Origination		1,100		1,274		837		(174)		(14)		437		52
Equity Origination		225		186		102		39		21		83		82
Advisory		536		531		299		5		1		232		77
Research and Other3		70		49		24		20		41		25		102
Total net revenues4		11,541		10,557		9,160		984		9		1,398		15
Provision for credit losses		827		549		431		278		51		119		28
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		2,894		2,690		2,534		204		8		156		6
General and administrative expenses		3,782		3,970		4,082		(188)		(5)		(112)		(3)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		233		—		N/M		(233)		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		—		(3)		—		38		3		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		6,675		6,660		6,846		15		0		(186)		(3)
Noncontrolling interests		16		5		3		12		N/M		2		52
Profit (loss) before tax		4,022		3,344		1,880		679		20		1,463		78
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)5		5,037		4,888		4,856		149		3		32		1
Employees (business-aligned operations, full- time equivalent)5		3,151		3,168		3,146		(17)		(1)		22		1
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full-time equivalent)5		12,404		12,009		11,898		395		3		111		1
Total employees (full-time equivalent)5		20,592		20,065		19,899		527		3		166		1
Total assets (in € bn)5,6		736		756		658		(20)		(3)		98		15
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)5		136		130		140		7		5		(10)		(7)
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)5,7		18		15		22		3		21		(7)		(32)
Leverage exposure (in € bn)5		602		593		546		10		2		46		8
Deposits (in € bn)5		28		22		18		6		26		4		23
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)5		115		110		101		5		5		9		9
Cost/income ratio8		57.8%		63.1%		74.7%		(5.2)ppt		N/M		(11.7)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity9,10		10.8%		9.1%		4.9%		1.7ppt		N/M		4.2ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity9,10		11.2%		9.4%		5.1%		1.8ppt		N/M		4.3ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, the additional sub-category “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex Financing“ within Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC) was renamed to

“Fixed Income & Currencies: Markets“

2 Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank renamed “Origination & Advisory” within the Investment Bank to “Investment Banking & Capital Markets”

3Historically, certain bank funding charges that were allocated to the Investment Bank but not directly attributable to specific balance sheet positions were reported

within “Research and Other”. Beginning the third quarter of 2025 these charges have been allocated to underlying businesses based on an agreed allocation key in order

to support ongoing refinement of business level reporting. Prior year’s comparatives are aligned to presentation in the current year

4Starting from the first quarter of 2025, the representation of revenue sharing between Corporate Bank and Investment Bank has changed. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

5As of year-end

6Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

7 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

8Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

9 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

7For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

28

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

2025

Profit before tax was € 4.0 billion in 2025, up by 20% year on year, with revenue growth of € 1.1 billion driven by Fixed

Income & Currencies (FIC), with Investment Banking & Capital Markets (IBCM) slightly lower. Post-tax return on average

shareholders’ equity was 10.8%, up from 9.1% in 2024, and post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity was

11.2%, up from 9.4%. The cost/income ratio was 58%, down from 63% in 2024.

Net revenues were € 11.5 billion, 9% higher year on year reflecting strength in FIC. FIC Markets revenues were

€ 6.0 billion, an increase of 13% year on year, benefiting from strength across products, but primarily Rates and Foreign

Exchange driven by heightened client activity and strong risk management in volatile markets. FIC Financing revenues

grew 12% to € 3.6 billion, reflecting targeted balance sheet investment. IBCM revenues were down (6)% year on year to

€ 1.9 billion driven by Debt Origination, which included the impact of a loss on a specific loan in Leveraged Debt Capital

Markets in the first quarter of 2025, with Equity Origination and Advisory improving year on year.

Provision for credit losses was € 827 million in the year, or 74 basis points of average loans, and significantly increased

from € 549 million in the prior year, reflecting increased Stage 1 and 2 provisions and a smaller increase in Stage 3, all

impacting the commercial real estate (CRE) portfolio.

Noninterest expenses and adjusted costs were essentially flat at € 6.7 billion and € 6.6 billion compared to 2024, with the

cost of strategic growth initiatives and inflation offset by lower nonoperating costs and infrastructure allocations.

2024

Profit before tax was € 3.3 billion in 2024, up by 78% year on year, with growth across both Fixed Income & Currencies

(FIC) and Investment Banking & Capital Markets revenues, combined with the non-repeat of a goodwill impairment in

2023, partially offset by higher provision for credit losses in 2024. Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity was

9.1%, up from 4.9% in 2023, and post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity was 9.4%, up from 5.1% The

cost/income ratio was 63%, down from 75% in 2023.

Net revenues were € 10.6 billion, 15% higher year on year reflecting market share gains in a growing Investment Banking

& Capital Markets fee pool, as well as strength in FIC. FIC Markets revenues were € 5.3 billion, an increase of 7% year on

year benefiting from strength in Credit Trading and increased client engagement more broadly. FIC Financing revenues

grew 9% to € 3.2 billion, driven by both increased net interest income and higher commission and fees. Investment

Banking & Capital Markets revenues rose 61% year on year to € 2.0 billion primary due to increasing market share by

around 50 basis points, combined with industry fee pool growth during the year (source: Dealogic).Provision for credit

losses was € 549 million in the year, or 52 basis points of average loans, and significantly higher year on year, reflecting

increased Stage 3 provisions, primarily in CRE.

Noninterest expenses were € 6.7 billion in 2024 down 3% year on year, mainly reflecting the non-repeat of a goodwill

impairment in 2023. Adjusted costs were essentially flat at € 6.4 billion, with the full year impact of strategic investments

in the second half of 2023 and adverse FX impact largely offset by a reduction in bank levies.

29

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Private Bank

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues:
Personal Banking1		5,284		5,253		5,442		31		1		(190)		(3)
Wealth Management1,2		4,381		4,133		4,128		248		6		5		0
Total net revenues		9,665		9,386		9,571		279		3		(185)		(2)
of which:
Net interest income		6,169		5,786		6,156		383		7		(370)		(6)
Net commission and fee income		2,999		2,956		2,852		43		1		104		4
Remaining income		497		643		563		(146)		(23)		80		14
Provision for credit losses		578		851		783		(273)		(32)		68		9
Noninterest expenses:
Compensation and benefits		2,795		2,938		2,808		(143)		(5)		130		5
General and administrative expenses		3,958		4,395		4,718		(438)		(10)		(323)		(7)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		(15)		(3)		228		(12)		N/M		(231)		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		6,738		7,331		7,755		(593)		(8)		(424)		(5)
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		45		—		(45)
Profit (loss) before tax		2,348		1,204		1,032		1,144		95		172		17
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)3		15,840		17,053		18,483		(1,213)		(7)		(1,430)		(8)
Employees (business-aligned operations, full- time equivalent)3		7,497		7,842		7,780		(345)		(4)		62		1
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full- time equivalent)3		12,106		12,164		12,202		(58)		N/M		(38)		0
Total employees (full-time equivalent)3		35,443		37,059		38,465		(1,616)		(4)		(1,406)		(4)
Total assets (in € bn)3,4		316		324		331		(8)		(2)		(7)		(2)
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)3		92		97		86		(5)		(5)		11		13
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3,5		15		14		8		—		2		7		89
Leverage exposure (in € bn)3		326		336		339		(10)		(3)		(2)		(1)
Deposits (in € bn)2		329		320		308		9		3		13		4
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)3		247		257		261		(11)		(4)		(4)		(1)
Assets under Management (in € bn)3,6		685		634		579		51		8		55		9
Net flows (in € bn)		27		29		23		(2)		(7)		6		26
Cost/income ratio7		69.7%		78.1%		81.0%		(8.4)ppt		N/M		(2.9)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders' equity8,9		10.1%		5.1%		4.5%		5.1ppt		N/M		0.5ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity8,9		10.5%		5.1%		4.8%		5.4ppt		N/M		0.3ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1 Starting from the first quarter of 2025, a portion of certain European Personal Banking clients have been transferred to the Wealth Management segment. This change

reflects adjustments in the Private Bank client's classification to better align financial reporting with the underlying business structure. Prior year’s comparatives are

presented in the current reporting structure

2Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, the Private Bank renamed “Wealth Management & Private Banking” to “Wealth Management”

3As of year-end

4Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

5Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

6Assets under Management include assets held on behalf of customers for investment purposes and/or client assets that are advised or managed by Deutsche Bank. They

are managed on a discretionary or advisory basis or are deposited with the bank. Deposits are considered Assets under Management if they serve investment purposes. In

Personal Banking, this includes Term deposits and Savings deposits. In Wealth Management (excl. Business Banking), it is assumed that all customer deposits are held

with the bank primarily for investment purposes and accordingly are classified as Assets under Management. In instances in which the Private Bank distributes investment

products qualifying as Assets under Management which are managed by DWS, these assets are reported as Assets under Management for Private Bank and for Asset

Management (DWS) because they are two distinct, independent qualifying services

7Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

8Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

9For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

30

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

2025

Private Bank reported a profit before tax of € 2.3 billion in 2025, up € 1.1 billion or 95%, year on year mainly reflecting

lower noninterest expenses as well as significantly lower credit loss provisions. Post-tax return on average shareholders’

equity was 10.1% compared to 5.1% in 2024, while post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity increased to

10.5%. The cost/income ratio of 70% improved compared to 78% in the prior year.

Net revenues were € 9.7 billion in 2025, up 3% year on year, driven by higher deposit and investment product revenues,

which were partially offset by lower revenues from other banking services. Lending revenues remained essentially flat.

In Personal Banking, net revenues were essentially flat year on year at € 5.3 billion in 2025, reflecting higher deposit and

investment product revenues. These developments were offset by slightly lower revenues from lending in line with the

strategic decision to focus on value-accretive products as well as lower revenues from other banking services in 2025.

In Wealth Management, net revenues grew by 6% year on year to € 4.4 billion in 2025, reflecting higher investment

product, as well as deposit revenues. Prior year deposit revenues included certain hedging costs.

Provision for credit losses was € 578 million, or 23 basis points of average loans, compared to 33 basis points of average

loans in the prior year. This development mainly reflects benefits from model updates this year, while the prior year was

impacted by continued elevated transitory effects from Postbank integration.

Noninterest expenses were € 6.7 billion in 2025, 8% lower year on year. Adjusted costs decreased by 5% to € 6.6 billion,

and nonoperating costs were significantly lower. Positive impacts from transformation initiatives including workforce

reductions and the closure of 126 branches in 2025, as well as significantly lower deposit protection costs, were partly

offset by inflationary impacts.

Assets under Management were € 685 billion at year end 2025, € 51 billion higher year on year, including € 27 billion of

net inflows and € 30 billion positive market movements, partially offset by € 16 billion of negative foreign exchange

movements.

2024

Private Bank reported a profit before tax of € 1.2 billion in 2024, up € 172 million or 17% year on year reflecting slightly

lower noninterest expenses. Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity increased to 5.1% compared to 4.5% in 2023

while post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity improved to 5.1% from 4.8%. The cost/income ratio of

78%, improved from 81% in the prior year.

Net revenues were € 9.4 billion in 2024, down 2% year on year. Net interest income declined by 6% in an environment of

normalizing interest rates; this was partly offset by growth in investment products, reflecting the Private Bank’s strategy

of growing noninterest income.

In Personal Banking, net revenues were down 3% year on year to € 5.3 billion in 2024, reflecting continued higher funding

costs, including the impact from minimum reserves and higher Group neutral central treasury allocation to the segment.

These impacts were partly offset by growth in deposit revenues during 2024.

In Wealth Management, net revenues remained essentially flat at € 4.1 billion in 2024. Higher investment product

revenues, as well as slightly higher lending revenues, were offset by lower deposit revenues including certain hedging

costs to the business.

Provision for credit losses was € 851 million compared to € 783 million, or 33 basis points of average loans, compared to

30 basis points of average loans in the prior year. The increase mainly reflected the continued elevated transitory effects

from Postbank integration. Overall, the quality of the segment’s portfolios remains very solid.

Noninterest expenses were € 7.3 billion in 2024, down 5% year on year including significantly lower restructuring

cost and the non-recurrence of provisions for individual litigation cases. The improvement in adjusted costs by 4% to

€ 7.0 billion in 2024 reflected normalized investment spend and positive impacts from transformation initiatives

including workforce reductions and the closure of 125 branches in 2024, as well as lower regulatory costs, partially

offset by inflation impacts.

Assets under Management were € 634.2 billion at year end 2024, up € 54.8 billion in the year. The increase was mainly

supported by net inflows of € 28.9 billion, as well as € 20.0 billion positive market movements, and € 9.0 billion of positive

foreign exchange movements.

31

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Asset Management

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues
Management fees		2,597		2,479		2,314		119		5		164		7
Performance and transaction fees		318		148		128		170		115		20		16
Other		162		23		(59)		139		N/M		82		N/M
Total net revenues		3,077		2,649		2,383		427		16		267		11
Provision for credit losses		(2)		(1)		(1)		(1)		172		—		(23)
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		952		919		891		33		4		28		3
General and administrative expenses		871		904		934		(34)		(4)		(29)		(3)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		1,823		1,823		1,825		—		0		(1)		0
Noncontrolling interests		272		194		163		78		40		32		20
Profit (loss) before tax		983		632		396		350		55		236		60
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)1		2,103		2,065		2,044		38		2		21		1
Employees (business-aligned operations, full- time equivalent)1		2,732		2,510		2,343		222		9		167		7
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full-time equivalent)1		590		591		574		(1)		0		17		3
Total employees (full-time equivalent)1		5,425		5,166		4,961		259		5		205		4
Total assets (in € bn)1,2		11		11		10		—		2		—		2
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)1		16		18		15		(3)		(16)		3		22
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)1,3		5		5		3		1		13		1		35
Leverage exposure (in € bn)1		10		10		10		—		1		—		4
Assets under Management (in € bn)1,4		1,085		1,012		896		73		7		115		13
Net flows (in € bn)		51		26		28		25		98		(3)		(9)
Cost/income ratio5		59.26%		68.81%		76.57%		(9.6)ppt		N/M		(7.8)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders' equity6,7		12.93%		8.03%		5.16%		4.9ppt		N/M		2.9ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity6,7		29.1%8		18.0%		12.2%		11.0ppt		N/M		5.8ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1As of year-end

2Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

3Starting from the first quarter of 2024 the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

4Assets under Management (AuM) means assets (i) the segment manages on a discretionary or non-discretionary advisory basis; including where it is the management

company and portfolio management is outsourced to a third party; and (ii) a third party holds or manages and on which the segment provides, on the basis of contract,

advice of an ongoing nature including regular or periodic assessment, monitoring and/or review. AuM represent both collective investments (including mutual funds and

exchange-traded funds) and separate client mandates. AuM are measured at current market value based on the local regulatory rules for asset managers at each

reporting date, which might differ from the fair value rules applicable under IFRS. Measurable levels are available daily for most retail products but may only update

monthly, quarterly or even yearly for some products. While AuM do not include the segment’s investments accounted for under equity method, they do include seed

capital and any committed capital on which the segment earns management fees. In instances in which Private Bank distributes investment products qualifying as Assets

under Management which are managed by DWS, these assets are reported as Assets under Management for Private Bank and for Asset Management (DWS) because they

are two distinct, independent qualifying services

5Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

6Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

7For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

8 Starting from the fourth quarter 2025 the equity allocation framework for Asset Management has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 -

Business segments and related information” of this report

32

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

2025

Profit before tax was € 983 million, up 55% from 2024, mainly driven by higher revenues and stable noninterest expenses.

Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity was 12.9%, up from 8.0% in the prior year. Post-tax return on average

tangible shareholders’ equity was 29.1%, up from 18.0% in the prior year. The cost/income ratio was 59%, down from 69%

in 2024.

Net revenues in 2025 were € 3.1 billion, up 16% compared to 2024. Management fees were € 2.6 billion, up 5% year on

year, driven by increasing average assets under management predominately in Passive products. Performance and

transaction fees increased significantly by 115% to € 318 million, driven primarily by higher performance fees from

Alternative investments, in particular infrastructure strategies. Other revenues increased by € 139 million to € 162 million

driven by favorable valuations of guaranteed products and higher investment income.

Noninterest expenses were € 1.8 billion in 2025, essentially flat year on year as higher compensation and benefits costs

were more than offset by lower general and administration expenses driven by lower transformation charges. Adjusted

costs increased by 1% to € 1.8 billion, mainly due to higher severance and litigation costs attributable to the prior year.

Assets under Management increased by € 73 billion, or 7%, to € 1,085 billion during 2025, driven by positive market

impact and net inflows, partly offset by negative foreign exchange effects.

Net flows were positive € 51 billion, primarily driven by net inflows in Passive, Cash, Systematic & Quantitative

Investments (SQI) and Alternatives products, partly offset by net outflows in Equity, Advisory Services and Multi Asset

products.

The following table provides the development of assets under management during 2025, broken down by product type

as well as the respective management fee margins:

in € bn.		Active Equity		Active Fixed Income		Active Multi Asset		Active SQI		Passive		Alternative s		Active Cash		Advisory Services		Assets under Management
Balance as of December 31, 2024		111		213		54		77		335		110		93		18		1,012
Inflows		13		36		6		15		137		14		770		4		995
Outflows		(16)		(36)		(8)		(11)		(104)		(12)		(750)		(7)		(944)
Net Flows		(3)		—		(2)		4		33		2		20		(3)		51
FX impact		(2)		(13)		(1)		(1)		(24)		(7)		(8)		—		(55)
Performance		11		6		2		2		52		3		1		—		77
Other		—		3		—		(2)		—		(—)		—		1		—
Balance as of December 31, 2025		117		209		54		80		395		108		106		16		1,085
Management fee margin (in bps)		69		11		40		33		16		46		6		4		25

From 2025, “Advisory Services” is presented as a separate asset class. Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

33

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

2024

Profit before tax was € 632 million, up 60%, from 2023, mainly driven by higher revenues and stable noninterest

expenses. Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity was 8.0%, up from 5.2% in the prior year. Post-tax return on

average tangible shareholders’ equity was 18.0%, up from 12.2% in the prior year. The cost/income ratio was 69%, down

from 77% in 2023.

Net revenues in 2024 were € 2.6 billion, up 11% compared to 2023. Management fees were € 2.5 billion, up 7% year on

year, driven by Active and Passive products from higher average assets under management. Performance and transaction

fees increased by 16% to € 148 million, predominately driven by a significant Multi Asset performance fee. Other

revenues increased by € 82 million to € 23 million driven by lower treasury funding charges, partly offset by unfavorable

outcome of fair value of guarantees.

Noninterest expenses were € 1.8 billion in 2024, essentially flat year on year. Adjusted costs increased by 1%, mainly due

to higher compensation and benefits, variable compensation and increasing number of employees, as well as higher

banking servicing costs driven by a rise in assets under management, partly offset by lower IT costs and professional

services fees from adopting an amended approach to the platform transformation. Non-operating costs were

significantly lower due to lower litigation costs and severance payments compared to 2023.

Net flows were positive € 26 billion, primarily in Passive, Systematic & Quantitative Investments (SQI) and Cash products.

This was partly offset by net outflows in Multi Assets, Equity, Alternatives and Fixed Income. ESG products attracted net

inflows of € 6 billion in 2024 primarily into Xtrackers.

Assets under Management increased by € 115 billion, or 13%, to € 1,012 billion during 2024, driven by positive market

developments, net inflows and foreign exchange rate movements.

The following table provides the development of assets under management during 2024, broken down by product type

as well as the respective management fee margins:

in € bn.		Active Equity		Active Fixed Income		Active Multi Asset		Active SQI		Passive		Alternatives		Active Cash		Advisory Services		Assets under Management
Balance as of December 31, 2023		103		202		56		66		246		109		85		28		896
Inflows		13		42		5		14		124		10		717		4		928
Outflows		(18)		(43)		(7)		(12)		(82)		(13)		(715)		(13)		(903)
Net Flows		(5)		(1)		(2)		2		42		(3)		2		(9)		26
FX impact		1		6		—		—		11		3		4		—		26
Performance		13		6		3		5		35		1		1		—		64
Other		—		—		(4)		3		1		(—)		—		—		—
Balance as of December 31, 2024		111		213		54		77		335		110		93		18		1,012
Management fee margin (in bps)		71		11		39		33		16		46		6		3		26

From 2025, “Advisory Services” is presented as a separate asset class. Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

34

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Results of operations

Corporate & Other

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues		(249)		1,406		2,324		(1,654)		N/M		(918)		(40)
Provision for credit losses		108		83		26		26		31		57		N/M
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		3,541		3,574		3,358		(33)		(1)		216		6
General and administrative expenses		(2,721)		(1,474)		(2,710)		(1,247)		85		1,236		(46)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		—		(1)		—		N/M		1		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		819		2,100		647		(1,280)		(61)		1,453		N/M
Noncontrolling interests		(289)		(199)		(166)		(89)		45		(33)		20
Profit (loss) before tax		(887)		(577)		1,817		(310)		54		(2,394)		N/M
Total Employees (full-time equivalent)1		36,918		36,097		35,792		821		2		305		1
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)1		31		34		40		(3)		(7)		(6)		(15)
Leverage exposure (in € bn)1		32		38		39		(6)		(16)		(1)		(3)

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1As of year-end

2025

For the full year Corporate & Other reported a loss before tax of € 887 million, primarily driven by shareholders expenses

and other centrally retained items including funding and liquidity impacts partially offset by revenues from valuation and

timing differences. This compared to a loss before tax of € 577 million in the prior year.

Net revenues for the full year were negative € 249 million, compared to positive € 1.4 billion for the prior year, with the

year-on-year movement primarily driven by lower revenues in valuation and timing differences reflecting impacts from

portfolio hedges of interest rate risk, where fair value hedge accounting cannot be applied under IFRS as issued by the

IASB.

Noninterest expenses were negative € 819 million for the full year. This compares to negative € 2.1 billion in the prior

year which were primarily driven by legacy litigation matters including the Postbank takeover litigation and Polish FX

mortgages. Expenses associated with shareholder activities were € 638 million for the full year, compared to € 648

million in the prior year.

Noncontrolling interests are reversed in Corporate & Other after deduction from the divisional profit before tax. These

were positive € 289 million for the full year, compared to € 199 million in the prior year with the year-on-year movement

driven by higher earnings from DWS.

2024

Corporate & Other reported a loss before tax of € 577 million, primarily driven by legacy litigation matters including the

Postbank takeover litigation and Polish FX mortgages offset by positive valuation and timing revenues. This compared to

a profit before tax of € 1.8 billion in the prior year.

Net revenues for the full year were positive € 1.4 billion in 2024, compared to positive € 2.3 billion for the prior year,

primarily driven by revenues in valuation and timing differences reflecting gains on portfolio hedges of interest rate risk,

where fair value hedge accounting cannot be applied under IFRS as issued by the IASB.

Noninterest expenses were negative € 2.1 billion in 2024, driven by the aforementioned legacy litigation matters,

compared to negative € 646 million in the prior year. Expenses associated with shareholder activities were € 648 million

in 2024, compared to € 582 million in 2023.

Noncontrolling interests are reversed in Corporate & Other after deduction from the segmental profit before tax. These

were positive € 199 million in 2024, compared to € 166 million in 2023, mainly related to DWS.

35

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Financial Position

Financial Position

Assets

in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Absolute Change		Change in %
Cash, central bank and interbank balances		171,621		153,654		17,967		12
Central bank funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		37,515		40,846		(3,332)		(8)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		519,960		545,895		(25,935)		(5)
Of which: Trading assets		153,811		139,772		14,039		10
Of which: Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		241,654		291,800		(50,146)		(17)
Of which: Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit and loss		124,495		114,324		10,171		9
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		43,644		42,090		1,553		4
Loans at amortized cost		478,214		483,897		(5,683)		(1)
Remaining assets		188,920		124,650		64,269		52
Of which: Brokerage and securities related receivables		105,424		60,690		44,734		74
Total assets		1,439,873		1,391,033		48,840		4

Liabilities and Equity

in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Absolute Change		Change in %
Deposits		694,580		667,700		26,880		4
Central bank funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned		4,179		3,742		437		12
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		384,230		412,409		(28,180)		(7)
Of which: Trading liabilities		42,879		43,498		(619)		(1)
Of which: Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		225,827		276,410		(50,583)		(18)
Of which: Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		115,055		92,047		23,007		25
Other short-term borrowings		18,204		9,895		8,309		84
Long-term debt		114,754		114,899		(145)		0
Remaining liabilities		141,641		100,522		41,119		41
Of which: Brokerage and securities related payables		107,256		63,755		43,501		68
Total liabilities		1,357,588		1,309,168		48,420		4
Total equity		82,285		81,865		420		1
Total liabilities and equity		1,439,873		1,391,033		48,840		4

36

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Financial Position

Movements in Assets and Liabilities

As of December 31, 2025, the total balance sheet of € 1.4 trillion was slightly higher compared to year-end 2024.

Cash, central bank and interbank balances increased by € 18.0 billion, primarily reflecting a € 26.9 billion rise in deposits,

driven by growth in Corporate Cash Management business in the Corporate Bank and higher inflows in the Private Bank

as a result of client acquisition campaigns

Trading assets increased by € 14.0 billion, primarily driven by an increase in bond positions in the bank’s debt securities

portfolio due to client flows and desk positioning, as well as an increase in precious metal inventory during the year.

Positive and negative market values of derivative financial instruments declined by € 50.1 billion and € 50.6 billion,

respectively, mainly driven by foreign exchange products due to market volatility, weakening of the U.S. dollar against

the euro and new trades booked at materially lower mark-to-market values.

Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit and loss increased by € 10.2 billion, driven by an

increase in securities purchased under resale agreements measured under non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair

value through profit and loss, primarily due to increased trading activities.

Loans at amortized cost decreased by € 5.7 billion, mainly driven by a significant impact from foreign exchange

movements and strategic reductions in the Private Bank mortgage portfolio, partly offset by growth in Fixed Income &

Currencies business in the Investment Bank.

Remaining assets increased by € 64.3 billion, primarily driven by increases in brokerage and securities related receivables

of € 44.7 billion. This was mainly attributable to higher receivables from pending settlements of regular way trades

compared to low levels at year-end 2024. This trend also reflected in an increase in brokerage and securities related

payables by € 43.5 billion, driving the € 41.1 billion increase in remaining liabilities. The increase in remaining assets also

included growth in debt securities classified as hold to collect of € 18.6 billion, in line with the bank’s asset purchase

program initiative to expand the portfolio of European government bonds.

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss increased by € 23.0 billion, mainly attributable to an

increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements as a result of increased secured funding of trading inventory and

client activities; as well as an increase in long-term debt driven by new issuances in FIC business in the Investment Bank.

Other short-term borrowings increased by € 8.3 billion, primarily due to newly issued commercial paper during the year.

The overall movement of the balance sheet included a decrease of € 69.3 billion due to foreign exchange rate

movements, mainly driven by weakening of the U.S. dollar versus the euro. The effects from foreign exchange rate

movements are embedded in the movement of the balance sheet line items discussed in this section.

Liquidity

Total High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) as defined by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/61 and amended

by Regulation (EU) 2018/1620 increased to € 260 billion as of December 31, 2025 compared to € 226 billion as of

December 31, 2024. The increase in HQLA is primarily on account of increased deposits. The Liquidity Coverage Ratio

was 144% at the end fourth quarter of 2025, a surplus to regulatory requirements of € 80 billion as compared to 131% as

at the end of fourth quarter of 2024, a surplus to regulatory requirements of € 53 billion.

37

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Financial Position

Equity

Total equity as of December 31, 2025, was € 82.3 billion compared to € 81.9 billion as of December 31, 2024, an increase

of € 420 million. This change was driven by a number of factors including the profit attributable to Deutsche Bank

shareholders and additional equity components reported for the period of € 6.6 billion, the issuance of Additional Tier 1

equity instruments (AT1) treated as equity in accordance with IFRS of € 2.5 billion, treasury shares distributed under

share-based compensation plans of € 472 million as well as tax benefits related to share-based compensation plans of €

161 million.

Negative effects resulted from unrealized net losses on accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, of € 2.9

billion, mostly driven by foreign currency translation, net of tax, of negative € 3.2 billion, mainly reflecting the weakening

of the U.S. dollar against the euro, partly offset by a positive impact from unrealized net gains on financial assets at fair

value through other comprehensive income, net of tax, of € 377 million. Further contributing factors included the

redemption of AT1 instruments of € 2.4 billion, purchases of treasury shares of € 1.6 billion, cash dividends paid to

Deutsche Bank shareholders of € 1.3 billion, coupons paid on additional equity components of € 761 million as well as

remeasurement losses related to defined benefit plans, net of tax, of € 119 million.

On January 3, 2025, Deutsche Bank AG cancelled 46.4 million of its common shares, concluding its 2024 share buyback

program. The cancellation reduced the nominal value of the shares by € 119 million. The cancelled shares had been held

in common shares in treasury, at their acquisition cost of € 675 million. The difference between the common shares at

cost and their nominal value reduced additional paid-in capital by € 556 million. The shares had already been deducted

from the reported total equity on December 31, 2024. Therefore, the cancellation did not reduce total equity in 2025.

On December 19, 2025, Deutsche Bank AG cancelled 37.7 million of its common shares, concluding its two 2025 share

buyback programs. The cancellation reduced the nominal value of the shares by € 96 million. The cancelled shares had

been held in common shares in treasury, at their acquisition cost of € 1.0 billion. The difference between the common

shares at cost and their nominal value reduced additional paid-in capital by € 903 million.

The first 2025 share buyback program resolved by the Management Board of Deutsche Bank of up to € 750 million

started on April 1, 2025, and was completed on September 12, 2025. In this period, Deutsche Bank repurchased

29.3 million common shares. The repurchase of these shares has reduced total equity by € 750 million.

The second 2025 share buyback program resolved by the Management Board of Deutsche Bank of up to € 250 million

started on September 17, 2025, and was completed on October 20, 2025. In this period, Deutsche Bank repurchased

8.4 million common shares. The repurchase of these shares has reduced total equity by € 250 million.

Own Funds

Deutsche Bank’s CRR/CRD Common Equity Tier 1 capital as of December 31, 2025, decreased by € 0.2 billion to

€ 49.3 billion, compared to € 49.5 billion as of December 31, 2024. The Risk-weighted assets (RWA) decreased by

€ 10.3 billion to €347.1 billion as of December 31, 2025, compared to € 357.4 billion as of December 31, 2024. The CET

1 capital ratio as of December 31, 2025, increased to 14.2% compared to 13.8% as of December 31, 2024 (for additional

information please refer to the “Risk and capital performance” section).

The Bank’s Tier 1 capital as of December 31, 2025, amounted to € 60.8 billion, consisting of a CET 1 capital of

€ 49.3 billion and Additional Tier 1 capital of € 11.5 billion. The Tier 1 capital remained broadly stable compared to the

end of 2024. The Tier 1 capital ratio as of December 31, 2025, increased to 17.5% compared to 17.0% as of December 31,

2024.

Total capital as of December 31, 2025 amounted to € 67.8 billion compared to € 68.5 billion at the end of 2024. The

Total capital decreased by € 0.7 billion since 2024, mainly driven by a decrease in Tier 2 capital.2024 The Total capital

ratio as of December 31, 2025, increased to 19.5% compared to 19.2% as of December 31, 2024.

38

Deutsche Bank	Operating and financial review
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity and capital resources

Liquidity and capital resources

For a detailed discussion of the bank’s liquidity risk management, please see the Risk Report in this annual report.

Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations

Cash payment requirements outstanding as of December 31, 2025.

Contractual obligations										Payment due by period
in € m.		Total		Less than 1 year		1–3 years		3–5 years		More than 5 years
Long-term debt obligations¹		129,864		26,576		40,011		29,800		33,477
Trust preferred securities1,2		299		299		—		—		—
Long-term financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss3		27,356		3,310		5,149		7,656		11,240
Future cash outflows not reflected in the measurement of Lease liabilities4		4,750		8		148		239		4,355
Lease liabilities1		5,145		699		907		907		2,632
Purchase obligations		3,737		617		1,420		992		708
Long-term deposits¹		26,629		0		11,817		3,036		11,777
Other long-term liabilities		172		96		8		25		43
Total		197,952		31,605		59,459		42,655		64,233

1Includes interest payments.

2Contractual payment date or first call date.

3Long-term debt and long-term deposits designated at fair value through profit or loss.

4For further detail please refer to Note 22 “Leases”.

Purchase obligations for goods and services include future payments for, among other things, information technology

services and facility management. Some figures above for purchase obligations represent minimum contractual

payments and actual future payments may be higher. Long-term deposits exclude contracts with a remaining maturity of

less than one year. Under certain conditions future payments for some long-term financial liabilities designated at fair

value through profit or loss may occur earlier. See the following notes to the consolidated financial statements for

further information: Note 05 “Net Interest Income and Net Gains (Losses) on Financial Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value

through Profit or Loss”, Note 22 “Leases”, Note 26 “Deposits” and Note 30 “Long-Term Debt and Trust Preferred

Securities”.

39

Deutsche Bank	Outlook
Annual Report 2025

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40

Deutsche Bank	Risks and Opportunities
Annual Report 2025

Risks and

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41

Deutsche Bank	Risks and Opportunities
Annual Report 2025

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42

Deutsche Bank	Risk Report
Annual Report 2025

Risk Report

44	Introduction
45	Risk and capital overview
		Key risk metrics	45
		Risk profile	46
		Key risk themes	48
50	Risk and capital framework
		Risk management principles	50
		Risk governance	51
		Risk identification and assessment	54
		Risk appetite and capacity	54
		Risk measurement and reporting systems	55
		Strategic and capital plan	57
		Stress testing	58
		Recovery and resolution planning	60
61	Risk type management
		Capital Risk Management	62
		Enterprise Risk Management	63
		Credit Risk Management	66
		Market Risk Management	88
		Liquidity risk management	95
		Model Risk Management	100
		Operational risk management	101
		Reputational Risk Management	107
		Information security	108
113	Risk and capital performance
		Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL	113
		Credit Risk Exposure	131
		Trading Market Risk Exposures	167
		Non-trading Market Risk Exposures	170
		Liquidity Risk Exposure	172
		Operational Risk exposure	184

43

Deutsche Bank	Risk Report
Annual Report 2025

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44

Deutsche Bank	Introduction
Annual Report 2025	Disclosures in line with IFRS 7

Introduction

Disclosures in line with IFRS 7

The following Risk Report provides qualitative and quantitative disclosures about credit, market and other risks in line

with the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standard 7 (IFRS 7) Financial Instruments: Disclosures. It also

considers the underlying classification and measurement and impairment requirements in IFRS 9 with further details to

be found in the “Credit Risk Management and Asset quality” section, the “Asset quality” section, the “Credit risk

mitigation” section and in Note 01 “Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates” to the consolidated

financial statements. Information that forms part of and is incorporated by reference into the financial statements of this

report is marked by a light gray shading throughout this Risk Report.

Since June 30, 2020, the Group has applied the transitional arrangements in relation to IFRS 9 as provided in the current

CRR/CRD for all CET1 measures.

Disclosures according to Pillar 3 of the Basel III Capital

Framework

Deutsche Bank’s disclosures according to Pillar 3 of the Basel III Capital Framework, which are implemented in the

European Union by the Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions (Capital

Requirements Regulation or CRR), including reforms introduced by Regulation (EU) 2024/1623 (CRR3), being applicable

since January 1, 2025; and supported by the respective EBA Implementing Technical Standards and EBA guideline

applicable to Pillar 3 disclosures, are published in the Group’s Pillar 3 Report, which can be found on Deutsche Bank’s

website.

Disclosure following Amendments to the Capital Requirements

Regulation

Regulation (EU) 2024/1623 (CRR3), generally applicable from January 1, 2025 implements a comprehensive package of

reforms based on the Final Basel III set of global reforms, changing how banks calculate their RWA. It includes, among

other things, an output floor establishing minimum RWA that until January 1, 2030 will gradually increase to 72.5% of the

RWA calculated under the standardized approaches, changes to standardized and internal ratings-based approaches for

determining credit risk, changes to the credit valuation adjustment, a revision of the approach for operational risks and

reforms to the market risk framework as set out in the Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB, applicable from

January 1, 2027). The implementation of the changes to CRR affects among others Deutsche Bank’s risk-weighted assets

and regulatory capital.

45

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital overview
Annual Report 2025	Key risk metrics

Risk and capital overview

Key risk metrics

The following section provides qualitative and quantitative disclosures about credit, market, liquidity and other risk

metrics and their developments within the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 considering reforms introduced by

Regulation (EU) 2024/1623 (CRR3), being applicable since January 1, 2025. Disclosures according to Pillar 3 of the Basel

III Capital Framework, which are implemented in the European Union by the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and

supported by EBA Implementing Technical Standards or the EBA Guideline, are published in the Group’s separate Pillar 3

Report.

The following selected key risk metrics form part of the bank’s holistic risk management across individual risk types. The

Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio, Economic Capital Adequacy (ECA) ratio, Leverage ratio, Total Loss Absorbing

Capacity (TLAC), Minimum Requirement for Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities (MREL), Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR),

Stressed Net Liquidity Position (sNLP) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) serve as high-level metrics and are fully

integrated across strategic planning, risk appetite framework, stress testing as well as recovery and resolution planning

practices, which are reviewed and approved by the Management Board at least annually.

Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio1				Total risk-weighted assets1
31.12.2025		14.2%		31.12.2025		€ 347.1bn
31.12.2024		13.8%		31.12.2024		€ 357.4bn
Economic capital adequacy ratio				Total economic capital demand
31.12.2025		194%		31.12.2025		€ 26.1bn
31.12.2024		199%		31.12.2024		€ 24.2bn
Leverage ratio1				Leverage exposure1
31.12.2025		4.6%		31.12.2025		€ 1,327bn
31.12.2024		4.6%		31.12.2024		€ 1,316bn
Total loss absorbing capacity				Minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities
31.12.2025 (Risk Weighted Asset based)		33.1%		31.12.2025		37.7%
31.12.2025 (Leverage Exposure based)		8.7%		31.12.2024		37.5%
31.12.2024 (Risk Weighted Asset based)		33.2%
31.12.2024 (Leverage Exposure based)		9.0%
Liquidity coverage ratio				Net Stable Funding Ratio
31.12.2025		144%		31.12.2025		119.0%
31.12.2024		131%		31.12.2024		121.0%
Stressed net liquidity position
31.12.2025		€ 94.1bn
31.12.2024		€ 56.3bn

1Starting with the third quarter of 2024 until the discontinuation in the fourth quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank had adopted the temporary treatment of unrealized gains

and losses measured at fair value through OCI in accordance with Article 468 CRR; for the shown comparative values as of December 31, 2024, without application of

this rule the CET1 ratio would have been 13.5% with respective CET1 capital of € 48.4 billion and RWA of € 358.6 billion and in addition, the leverage ratio would have

been 4.6% with respective Tier 1 capital of € 59.8 billion and leverage exposure of € 1,315 billion

Deutsche Bank regularly assesses the potential impacts of risks on its balance sheet and profitability through portfolio

reviews and stress tests. Stress tests are also used to test the resilience of Deutsche Bank’s strategic plans. The results of

these tests indicate that the currently available capital and liquidity reserves, in combination with available mitigation

measures, are sufficient to withstand periods of potential stress.

The Group concludes that the risks, as described above or in the following sections, to which Deutsche Bank is exposed

to, including potential impacts on its business strategy, provide a true and fair picture of its risk profile.

For further details, please refer to sections “Risk profile”, “Risk appetite and capacity”, “Risk and capital plan”, “Stress

testing”, “Recovery and resolution planning”, “Risk and capital management”, “Capital, leverage ratio, TLAC and MREL”,

“Liquidity coverage ratio”, and “Stress testing and scenario analysis”.

46

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital overview
Annual Report 2025	Risk profile

Risk profile

Deutsche Bank’s mix of business activities results in diverse risk-taking. The Group measures key risks inherent to the

respective business models (credit, market, operational and strategic risk) through the economic capital metric, which

captures the business segment’s risk profile and considers cross-risk effects at Group level.

Corporate Bank’s risk profile mainly arises from the products and services offered in Corporate Treasury Services

(including Trade Finance, Lending and Corporate Cash Management), Strategic Corporate Lending and Business Banking.

Economic capital demand in these segments arises largely from credit risk.

Investment Bank’s risk profile is dominated by its financing and trading activities, which give rise to all major risk types.

Credit risk in the Investment Bank is broadly distributed across business units but most prominent in Fixed Income &

Currencies and Leveraged Debt Capital Markets. Market risk arises mainly from trading and market making activities.

Private Bank’s risk profile comprises credit risks from business with German and international retail clients, business

clients and wealth management clients as well as non-trading market risks mainly from modeling of client deposits.

Asset Management, as a fiduciary asset manager, invests money on behalf of clients. As such, the main risk drivers are of

operational nature. The economic capital demand for market risk is mainly driven by non-trading market risks, which arise

from guaranteed products and co-investments in the funds.

Corporate & Other’s risk profile embeds a range of different risk drivers including those pertaining to Treasury, certain

corporate items, and legacy portfolios. The economic capital demand mainly comprises non-trading market risk from

interest rate risk in Treasury, structural foreign exchange risk and equity compensation risk, credit risk from Treasury’s

investments, strategic risk from tax-related risks and software asset risks and operational risk from legacy portfolios.

The table below shows Deutsche Bank’s overall risk position as measured by the economic capital demand calculated for

the dates specified. Deutsche Bank’s overall economic risk position also considers diversification benefits across risk

types.

47

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital overview
Annual Report 2025	Risk profile

Risk profile of Deutsche Bank’s business segments as measured by economic capital

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total		Total (in %)
Credit risk		3,720		4,650		2,255		45		2,725		13,395		51
Market risk		507		2,004		789		316		6,354		9,970		38
Operational risk		821		1,390		1,187		393		1,168		4,960		19
Strategic risk		—		—		—		—		1,980		1,980		8
Diversification benefit¹		(780)		(1,339)		(863)		(238)		(1,013)		(4,234)		(16)
Total EC		4,269		6,706		3,368		516		11,213		26,071		100
Total EC in %		16		26		13		2		43		100		N/M

1Diversification benefit across credit, market, operational and strategic risk

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total		Total (in %)
Credit risk		3,455		4,512		2,164		46		2,329		12,507		52
Market risk		1,040		2,086		1,561		304		3,676		8,667		36
Operational risk		863		1,182		1,155		376		1,069		4,645		19
Strategic risk		—		—		—		—		1,936		1,936		8
Diversification benefit¹		(715)		(1,007)		(803)		(190)		(814)		(3,530)		(15)
Total EC		4,643		6,772		4,077		536		8,196		24,225		100
Total EC in %		19		28		17		2		34		100		N/M

1 Diversification benefit across credit, market, operational and strategic risk

As of December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank’s economic capital demand amounted to € 26.1 billion, which was €  1.8 billion

or 8% higher than € 24.2 billion economic capital demand as of December 31, 2024. Market risk increased by € 1.3 billion

mainly due to migration of economic capital model used for structural foreign exchange risk, including the application of

extended liquidity horizons, as well as transition of market risk economic capital from Monte Carlo simulation to historical

simulation. Credit risk increased by € 0.9 billion due to higher transfer risk driven by increase in exposures from

Investment Bank, Corporate Bank and Corporate & Other as well as higher counterparty risk driven by increase in

Treasury and sovereign exposures. Operational risk increased by € 0.3 billion primarily driven by model changes in the

forward-looking qualitative adjustment component as well as the simplification of the advanced measurement approach

model. These increases were partly offset by an increase in diversification benefit of € 0.7 billion due to the change in risk

type profile and market risk model changes.

48

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital overview
Annual Report 2025	Key risk themes

Key risk themes

The latest developments and key uncertainties during 2025 are part of the bank’s ongoing credit risk management

activities and governance framework. These activities include, but are not limited to, regular emerging risk reviews

(amongst others macro-economic development and geopolitical conflict) as well as portfolio deep dives, day to day risk

management on the level of individual borrowers, and regular model validations. Portfolios which have been identified

for enhanced monitoring and downside risk assessment for the Group in 2025 included Commercial Real Estate (CRE),

clients vulnerable to U.S. Tariffs and sectors considered vulnerable to Climate transition and physical risks.

In addition, the bank is monitoring developing market trends, which currently relate to technology and Financial,

Insurance and Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFI) activities, particularly around Private Credit, and where the focus is

increasing.

CRE markets continue to face headwinds due to the impacts of higher interest rates, reduced market liquidity combined

with tightened lending conditions, and structural changes in the office sector. Market stress has been more pronounced

in the U.S, where property price indices show a more substantial decline in CRE asset values from recent peaks compared

to Europe and APAC. Especially, within the office segment, particularly the U.S. West Coast, the market weakness is most

evident in the U.S., reflected in subdued leasing activity and higher vacancy rates compared to Europe.

Although the U.S. administration’s tariff policy is still unpredictable, the macro-economic environment has improved

since the volatile market conditions post the U.S. administrations’ April 2, 2025 announcement of sweeping tariffs, A

longer period has also elapsed since the U.S. administration tariff announcements started, reducing the uncertainty

regarding potentially vulnerable clients. The bank expects any risk factors impacting ECL’s to be captured through

standard risk management procedures e.g., rating downgrades and watchlist inclusions and therefore no tariff related

overlays have been booked as of December 31, 2025. Although tariffs remain under close review, it would not be

considered a standalone key risk theme but rather integrated into the broader portfolio dynamics

Climate transition and physical risks present growing risks to the bank’s sectoral and regional portfolios. Managing

climate transition and physical risks is a key component of Deutsche Bank’s risk management and wider sustainability

strategy, where 2025 materiality assessments and climate stress test results conclude that potential credit risk impacts

are well-contained in the short term.

Further details are provided in the section “Focus areas in 2025”.

External developing themes

Developing risk themes in high focus externally, include (i) the rapid expansion, lack of transparency and potential

interconnected risks associated with Private Credit and wider NBFI exposure and (ii) increasing concerns around

Technology sector valuations and the sustainability of the current AI-led capital expenditure and its impact on business

models and potential credit risk implications to clients. 

Non-Bank Financial Institutions and Private Credit

Loans to Private Credit, generally categorized as NBFI Lending, are subject to heightened scrutiny due to recent default

events in the market. The bank’s Private Credit portfolio accounts for € 25.9 billion (2024: € 24.5 billion) of the loans at

amortized cost. Approximately 73% of this exposure is to multi-asset Lender facilities (ABS) collateralized by highly

diversified mid-market corporate loans in the U.S. and the EU, across industry sectors, with conservative advance rates of

~65% and almost entirely investment grade rated. The remainder is diversified across single and multi asset lenders Net

Asset Value (NAV) Financing, Single Asset Financing, non-bank CRE lending, business development companies (BDC) and

subscription finance.

The bank applies conservative underwriting standards to its Private Credit exposures, including assessment of sponsor and

investor quality and other structural features. Advance rates are linked to the overall risk profile of the underlying exposure.

Portfolios are managed under dedicated risk appetite frameworks with regular stress testing and active monitoring of credit

performance, collateral values and underlying diversification.

The above mentioned exposures are mainly a component of Deutsche Bank’s loans at amortized cost reported under the

Financial and Insurance Activities Industry Sector NACE which accounts for € 129.8 billion, while € 2.5 billion is spread

across other NACE categories. The Financial and Insurance Activities NACE constitutes a diverse range of exposures

including corporate, banking, wealth management, insurance and clearing obligors.

49

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital overview
Annual Report 2025	Key risk themes

Technology

Loan exposure to the Technology sector accounts for € 15.8 billion (2024: € 11.7 billion), at amortized cost, of which

€ 7.3 billion (2024: € 5.7 billion) is related to Data Centre Financing and a further € 3.2 billion (2024: € 2.7 billion) to

companies focused on software across a diverse range of clients, while the remainder relates mainly to manufacturers

including semi-conductors and hardware. The portfolio is concentrated on large, diversified industry leaders, primarily in the

U.S. Corporate exposures are 60% investment grade rated with limited appetite for smaller, lower rated clients. Almost 100%

of the loans are performing with only 5% in stage 2. Data Centre exposures are predominantly project finance related and

focused on facilities that benefit from long-term leases from investment grade rated global hyperscalers.

Specific risk appetite is set for the overall Technology portfolio as well as for the Data Centre portfolio. Portfolio risk

appetite, and origination standards are regularly reviewed. There is also technology related underwriting exposure, which

is originated to distribute, broadly diversified across issuers and subject to additional restrictions and monitoring as well

as portfolio-based hedging

The bank's Technology exposure is reported under multiple NACE codes reflecting the nature of the underlying risk mainly

shown under Financial and Insurance companies (€ 6.2 billion), Information and Communications (€ 4.5 billion),

Manufacturing (€ 3.0 bn) and Real Estate Activities (€ 0.9 billion).

50

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk management principles

Risk and capital framework

Risk management principles

Deutsche Bank’s business model inherently involves taking risks. Risks can be of financial or operational nature and

include on and off-balance sheet risks. Deutsche Bank’s objective is to create sustainable value in the interests of the

company taking into consideration shareholders, employees and other company-related stakeholders. The risk

management framework contributes to this by aligning planned and actual risk taking with risk appetite as expressed by

the Management Board, while being in line with available capital and liquidity.

Deutsche Bank’s risk management framework consists of various components, which include the established internal

control mechanisms. Principles and standards are set for each component:

–Risk governance structures provide oversight of the Bank’s risk profile against risk appetite

–Organizational structures follow the Three Lines of Defense (“3LoD”) model with a clear definition of roles and

responsibilities for all risk types

–The 1st Line of Defense (“1st LoD”) refers to those roles in the Bank whose activities generate risks, whether

financial or operational, and who own and are accountable for these risks. The 1st LoD manages these risks within

the defined risk appetite, establishes an appropriate risk governance, and adheres to the risk type frameworks

defined by the 2nd Line of Defense (“2nd LoD”)

–The 2nd LoD refers to the roles in the Bank who define the risk management framework for a specific risk type. The

2nd LoD independently assesses and challenges the implementation of the risk type framework and adherence to

the risk appetite, and acts as an advisor to the 1st LoD on how to identify, assess and manage risks.

–The 3rd Line of Defense (“3rd LoD”) is Group Audit. This function provides an independent and objective assurance

on the adequacy of the design, operating effectiveness and efficiency of the risk management system and systems

of internal control

–The Management Board-approved risk appetite must be cascaded and adhered to across all dimensions of the Group,

with appropriate consequences in the event of a breach

–Risks must be identified and assessed

–Risks must be actively managed including appropriate risk mitigation and effective internal control systems

–Risks must be measured and reported using accurate, complete and timely data using approved models

–Regular stress tests must be performed against adverse scenarios and appropriate crisis response planning must be

established

The Group promotes a strong risk culture in which every employee must fully understand and take a holistic view of the

risks which could result from their actions, understand the consequences and manage them appropriately against the

risk appetite of the bank. The bank expects employees to exhibit behaviors that support a strong risk culture in line with

the bank’s Code of Conduct. To promote this, Deutsche Bank’s policies require that risks taken (including against risk

appetite) must be considered during the bank’s performance assessment and compensation processes. This expectation

continues to be reinforced through communications campaigns and mandatory training courses for all DB employees. In

addition, Management Board members and senior management frequently communicate the importance of a strong risk

culture to support a consistent tone from the top.

Deutsche Bank’s risk management and internal control system is described in more detail in Deutsche Bank’s Pillar 3

Report. The risk management and internal control system also covers sustainability-related objectives.

The Management Board is of the opinion that a risk management framework and internal control system has been

established which is, in its entirety, appropriate and effective for the bank’s business model and risk profile.

51

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk governance

Risk governance

Deutsche Bank’s operations throughout the world are regulated and supervised by relevant authorities in each of the

jurisdictions in which the bank conducts business. Such regulation focuses on licensing, capital adequacy, liquidity, risk

concentration, conduct of business as well as organizational and reporting requirements. The European Central Bank

(ECB) in connection with the competent authorities of EU countries which joined the Single Supervisory Mechanism via

the Joint Supervisory Team act in cooperation as Deutsche Bank’s primary supervisors to monitor the bank’s compliance

with the German Banking Act and other applicable laws and regulations.

Several layers of management provide cohesive risk governance:

Deutsche Bank’s Supervisory Board is informed regularly on the risk situation, risk management and risk controlling,

including reputational risk related items as well as material litigation cases; it has formed various committees to handle

specific topics (for a detailed description of these committees, please see the “Report of the Supervisory Board”, as well

as chapter “Supervisory Board” in the “Corporate Governance Statement according to Sec. 289f and 315d of the German

Commercial Code”)

–At the meetings of the Risk Committee, the Management Board reports on current and forward-looking risk

exposures, portfolios, on risk appetite and strategy and on matters deemed relevant for the assessment and oversight

of the risk situation of Deutsche Bank AG, including material legal and reputational risks; it also reports on loans

requiring a Supervisory Board resolution pursuant to law or the Articles of Association; the Risk Committee oversees

that the Management Board has in place processes to promote the adherence of Deutsche Bank AG to the applicable

risk policies and regulations, also covering legal and reputational risks; the Risk Committee advises on issues related to

the overall risk appetite, aggregate risk position and the risk strategy and keeps the Supervisory Board informed of its

activities

–The Audit Committee, among other matters, supports the Supervisory Board in monitoring the effectiveness of the

risk management system, particularly of the internal control system including the compliance management system as

well as sustainability-related issues and the internal audit system, as well as the Management Board’s remediation of

deficiencies identified

The Management Board is responsible for managing Deutsche Bank Group in accordance with the law, the Articles of

Association and its Terms of Reference with the objective of creating sustainable value in the interest of the company,

thus taking into consideration the interests of the shareholders, employees and other company related stakeholders; the

Management Board is responsible for ensuring a proper business organization, encompassing appropriate and effective

risk management, as well as compliance with legal requirements and internal guidelines; the Management Board

established the Group Risk Committee as the central forum for review and decision on material risk and capital-related

topics; the Group Risk Committee is described in more detail below.

52

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk governance

Risk management governance structure of the Deutsche Bank Group

The following functional committees are central to the management of risk at Deutsche Bank:

–The Group Risk Committee has various duties and dedicated authority, including approval of new or changed material

risk and capital models and review of the inventory of risks, high-level risk portfolios, risk exposure developments,

internal and regulatory Group-wide stress testing results, and approval of resource limits, endorsed by the Group

Asset & Liability Committee, for Total Capital Demand, Leverage exposure and Economic Capital Demand; in addition,

the Group Risk Committee reviews and recommends items for Management Board approval, such as key risk

management principles, the Group risk appetite statement, the Group recovery plan and the contingency funding

plan, over-arching risk appetite parameters, and recovery and escalation indicators; the Group Risk Committee also

supports the Management Board during Group-wide risk and capital planning processes

–The Group Reputational Risk Committee has the responsibility to review, decide and manage all transactions, client

relationships or other primary reputational risk matters escalated in line with the underlying reputational risk policies

and framework, including from the Regional Reputational Risk Committees

–The Financial Resource Management Council is an ad-hoc governance body, chaired by the Chief Financial Officer

and the Chief Risk Officer, with delegated authority from the Management Board, to oversee financial crisis

management at the bank; the Financial Resource Management Council provides a single forum to oversee execution

of both the contingency funding plan and the Group recovery plan; the council recommends upon mitigating actions

to be taken in a time of anticipated or actual capital or liquidity stress; specifically, the Financial Resource

Management Council is tasked with analyzing the bank’s capital and liquidity position, in anticipation of a stress

scenario recommending proposals for capital and liquidity related matters and overseeing the execution of decisions

–The Group Asset & Liability Committee has been established by the Management Board with the mandate to optimize

the sourcing and deployment of the bank’s balance sheet and financial resources within the overarching risk appetite

set by the Management Board

Deutsche Bank’s Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of the Management Board, has Group-wide, supra-divisional

responsibility for establishing a risk management framework with appropriate identification, measurement, monitoring,

mitigation and reporting of liquidity, credit, market, enterprise, model and operational risks; however, frameworks for

certain risks are established by other functions as per the business allocation plan.

53

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk governance

The Chief Risk Officer has direct management responsibility for the Chief Risk Office function. Risk management and

control duties in the Chief Risk Office function are generally assigned to specialized risk management units focusing on

the management of

–Specific risk types

–Risks within a specific business

–Risks in a specific region.

These specialized risk management units generally handle the following core tasks:

–Foster consistency with the risk appetite set by the Management Board and applied to business segments and their

business units

–Determine and implement risk and capital management policies, procedures and methodologies that are appropriate

to the businesses within each business segment

–Establish and approve risk limits

–Conduct periodic portfolio reviews to keep the portfolio of risks within acceptable parameters

–Develop and implement risk and capital management infrastructures and systems that are appropriate for each

business segment

While operating independently from each other and the business segments, the Finance and Risk functions have the joint

responsibility to quantify and verify the risk that the bank assumes.

54

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk identification and assessment

Risk identification and assessment

Risks to Deutsche Bank’s businesses and infrastructure functions, including under stressed conditions, are regularly

identified. This assessment incorporates input from both first and second line of defense, with the identified risks

assessed for materiality based on their severity and likelihood of materialization. The assessment of risks is

complemented by a view on emerging risks applying a forward-looking perspective. This risk identification and

assessment process results in the risk inventory which captures the material risks for the Group, and where relevant,

across businesses, entities and branches.

Regular updates to the Group risk inventory are reported to the Group Risk Committee and the Management Board. The

inventory informs key risk management processes, including the development of stress scenarios tailored to Deutsche

Bank’s risk profile and informing risk appetite setting and monitoring. Risks in the inventory are also mapped to risks in

the Group risk type taxonomy, where a corresponding materiality assessment is also provided.

Risk appetite and capacity

Risk appetite expresses the aggregate level and types of risk that Deutsche Bank is willing to assume to achieve strategic

objectives, as defined by a set of quantitative metrics and qualitative statements. Risk capacity is defined as the

maximum level of risk that can be assumed given Deutsche Bank’s capital and liquidity base, risk management and

control capabilities, and regulatory constraints.

Risk appetite is an integral element in business planning processes via risk strategy and plan, to promote the appropriate

alignment of risk, capital and performance targets, while at the same time considering risk capacity, risk-return and

appetite constraints from both financial and non-financial risks. Compliance of the plan with risk appetite and capacity is

also tested under stressed market conditions. Top-down risk appetite serves as the limit for risk-taking for the bottom-up

planning from the business functions.

The Management Board reviews and approves risk appetite and capacity on an annual basis, or more frequently in the

event of unexpected changes to the risk environment, with the aim of ensuring that they are consistent with the Group’s

strategy, business and regulatory environment and stakeholders’ requirements.

In order to determine risk appetite and capacity, different group level limits and triggers on a forward-looking basis are

set and the escalation requirements for further action are defined. Deutsche Bank assigns risk metrics that are sensitive

to the material risks to which Deutsche Bank is exposed and which function as indicators of financial health. In addition

to that, the risk and recovery management framework is linked with the risk appetite framework.

Reports relating to risk profile as compared to Deutsche Bank’s risk appetite and strategy and the monitoring thereof are

presented regularly up to the Management Board. In the event that desired risk appetite is breached, a predefined

escalation governance matrix is applied so these breaches are highlighted to the appropriate governance bodies.

55

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk measurement and reporting systems

Risk measurement and reporting systems

Overview

Deutsche Bank’s risk measurement systems support regulatory reporting and external disclosures, as well as internal

management reporting across all risk types. The risk infrastructure incorporates the relevant legal entities and business

segments and provides the basis for reporting on risk positions, capital adequacy and limit, threshold, or target utilization

to the relevant functions on a regular and ad-hoc basis. Established units within the CFO and CRO function assume

responsibility for measurement, analysis and reporting of risk while promoting sufficient quality and integrity of risk-

related data and consider, where relevant, the principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting as per the

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's regulation number 239 (“BCBS 239”). The Group’s risk management systems

are reviewed by Group Audit following a risk-based audit approach.

Deutsche Bank’s reporting is an integral part of Deutsche Bank’s risk management framework and as such aligns with the

organizational setup by delivering consistent information on Group level and for material legal entities as well as

breakdowns by risk types, business segments and material business units.

The following principles guide Deutsche Bank’s “risk measurement and reporting” practices:

–Deutsche Bank monitors risks taken against risk appetite on various levels across the Group, e.g., Group, business

segments, material business units, material legal entities, risk types, material asset classes, portfolio and counterparty

levels

–Risk reporting is required to be accurate, clear, useful and complete and must convey reconciled and validated risk

data to communicate information in a concise manner to ensure, across material financial and operational risks, the

bank’s risk profile is clearly understood

–Senior risk committees, such as the Group Risk Committee, as well as the Management Board who are responsible for

risk and capital management receive regular reporting (as well as ad-hoc reporting as required)

–Dedicated teams within Deutsche Bank proactively manage material financial and non-financial risks and must ensure

that required management information is in place to enable proactive identification and management of risks and

avoid undue concentrations within a specific risk type and across risks (Cross-Risk view)

In applying the previously mentioned principles, Deutsche Bank maintains a common basis for all risk reports and aims to

minimize segregated reporting efforts to allow Deutsche Bank to provide consistent information, which only differs by

granularity and audience focus.

Key risk metrics

The Bank identifies a large number of metrics within its risk measurement systems which support regulatory reporting

and external disclosures, as well as internal management reporting across risks and for material risk types. Deutsche Bank

designates a subset of those as “Key Risk Metrics” that represent the most critical ones for which the Bank places an

appetite, limit, threshold or target at Group level and/or are reported routinely to senior management for discussion or

decision making. The identified Key Risk Metrics include Capital Adequacy and Liquidity metrics; further details can be

found in the section “Key risk metrics” at the beginning of the Risk Report.

56

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Risk measurement and reporting systems

Key risk reports

While a large number of reports are used across the Bank, Deutsche Bank designates a subset of these as “Key Risk

Reports” that are critical to support Deutsche Bank’s Risk Management Framework through the provision of risk

information to senior management and therefore enable the relevant governing bodies to monitor, steer and control the

Bank’s risk taking activities effectively. To ensure that Key Risk Reports meet recipients’ requirements, report producing

functions regularly check whether the Key Risk Reports are clear and useful.

The main reports on risk and capital management that are used to provide Deutsche Bank’s central governance bodies

with information relating to the Group risk profile are the following:

–The monthly Risk and Capital Profile report is a Cross-Risk report, provides a comprehensive view of Deutsche Bank’s

risk profile and is used to inform the Group Risk Committee as well as the Management Board and subsequently the

Risk Committee of the Supervisory Board; the Risk and Capital Profile includes risk type specific and Business-Aligned

overviews and Enterprise-wide risk topics; it also includes updates on Key Group Risk Appetite Metrics and other Key

Portfolio risk type Control Metrics as well as updates on Key Risk Developments, highlighting areas of particular

interest with updates on corresponding risk management strategies

–The Weekly Risk Report is a weekly briefing covering high-level topical issues across key risk areas and is submitted

every Friday to the Members of the Group Risk Committee and the Management Board and subsequently to the

Members of the Risk Committee of the Supervisory Board; the Weekly Risk Report is characterized by the ad-hoc

nature of its commentary as well as coverage of themes and focuses on more volatile risk metrics

–Deutsche Bank runs several Group-wide macroeconomic stress tests. A monthly Risk Appetite scenario serves the

purpose to set and regularly monitor the bank’s stress loss appetite; in addition, there are topical scenarios which are

escalated to the Group Risk Committee if deemed necessary; the stressed key performance indicators are

benchmarked against the Group Risk Appetite thresholds

While the above reports are used at a Group level to monitor and review the risk profile of Deutsche Bank holistically,

there are other, supplementing standard and ad-hoc management reports, including for risk types or Focus Portfolios,

which are used to monitor and control the risk profile.

57

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Strategic and capital plan

Strategic and capital plan

Deutsche Bank conducts annually an integrated strategic planning process which lays out the development of the future

strategic direction for the Group and the individual business areas. The strategic plan aims to create, among other things,

a holistic perspective on capital, funding, and risk under risk-return considerations. This process translates long-term

strategic targets into measurable short- to medium-term financial targets and objectives and enables intra-year

performance monitoring and management. Thereby the Group aims to identify growth options by considering the risks

involved and the allocation of available capital resources to drive sustainable performance. Risk-specific portfolio

strategies complement this framework and allow for an in-depth implementation of the risk strategy on portfolio level,

addressing risk specifics including risk concentrations.

The strategic planning process consists of two phases: a top-down target setting and a bottom-up substantiation.

In a first phase – the top-down target setting – Deutsche Bank’s key targets for profit and loss (including revenues and

costs), RoTE, CIR, capital supply, capital demand as well as leverage, funding and liquidity are defined and discussed for

the group and the key business areas. The global macro-economic outlook and the expected regulatory framework is the

basis for the target setting. Targets and objectives for the Group and the individual business areas are reviewed,

challenged and approved by the Management Board.

In a second phase, the top-down targets are substantiated bottom-up by detailed business unit plans, which consist of a

month-by-month operating plan for year one; years two and three are planned per quarter and years four and five are

annual plans. The bottom-up plans are reviewed and challenged by Finance and Risk and are discussed individually with

the respective business heads. Thereby, the specifics of the business are considered, and concrete targets agreed in line

with the bank’s strategic direction. The bottom-up phase includes the preparation of plans for key legal entities to review

local risk and capitalization levels. Stress tests complement the strategic plan to consider the resilience of the plan

against adverse market conditions.

The resulting Strategic and Capital Plan is presented to the Management Board for discussion and approval. The final

plan is subsequently presented to the Supervisory Board.

The Strategic and Capital Plan is designed to support the Group’s strategy to accelerate value creation by scaling the

Global Hausbank and the bank’s long-term ambition to become the European Champion in banking. The Strategic and

Capital Plan overall aims to ensure:

–Balanced risk adjusted performance across business areas and units

–High risk management standards with focus on risk concentrations

–Compliance with regulatory requirements

–Strong capital and liquidity position

–Stable funding and liquidity strategy allowing for business planning within the liquidity risk appetite and regulatory

requirements

The Strategic and Capital Planning process allows to:

–set earnings and key risk and capital adequacy targets considering the bank’s strategic focus and business plans

–assess the capital adequacy with regard to internal and external requirements (i.e., economic capital and regulatory

capital)

–apply appropriate stress test analyses to assess the impact on capital demand, capital supply and liquidity

All externally communicated financial targets are monitored on an ongoing basis in appropriate management

committees. Any projected shortfall versus targets is discussed together with potential mitigating strategies with the aim

to ensure that the Group remains on track to achieve the targets. Amendments to the Strategic and Capital Plan must be

approved by the Management Board. Achieving the externally communicated solvency targets ensures that the Group

also complies with the solvency ratio related Group Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) requirements as

articulated by the home supervisor.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Stress testing

Stress testing

Deutsche Bank has implemented a stress test framework to satisfy internal as well as external stress test requirements

covering worldwide macroeconomic stress assessments as well as more targeted stress tests such as climate and cyber

related stress approaches. The internal stress tests are based on in-house developed methods and inform a variety of risk

management use cases (risk type specific as well as cross-risk). Internal stress tests form an integral part of Deutsche

Bank’s risk management framework complementing traditional risk measures. The cross-risk stress test framework, the

Group Wide Stress Test Framework (GWST), serves a variety of bank management processes, in particular the strategic

planning process, the ICAAP, the risk appetite framework and tangible equity allocation to business units. Capital plan

stress testing is performed to assess the viability of the bank’s capital plan in adverse circumstances and to demonstrate

a clear link between risk appetite, business strategy, capital plan and stress testing. The regulatory stress tests, e.g., the

EBA stress test and the US-based CCAR (Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review) stress tests, are strictly following

the processes and methodologies as prescribed by the regulatory authorities.

Deutsche Bank’s internal stress tests are performed on a regular basis in order to assess the impact of severe economic

downturns as well as adverse bank-specific events on the bank’s risk profile and financial position. The bank’s stress

testing framework comprises regular sensitivity-based and scenario-based approaches addressing different severities

and regional hotspots. All material risk types are included in the stress testing activities. These activities are

complemented by portfolio- and country-specific downside analysis as well as further regulatory requirements, such as

annual reverse stress tests and additional stress tests requested by regulators on group or legal entity level. The applied

methodologies undergo regular scrutiny from Deutsche Bank’s internal validation team (Model Risk Management) to

ensure they correctly capture the impact of a given stress scenario. In addition, the group-wide stress framework is

subject to regular reviews by Deutsche Bank’s group audit function.

The initial phase of Deutsche Bank’s cross-risk stress test consists of defining a macroeconomic downturn scenario by

Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management (ETRM) Risk Research in cooperation with business specialists through a

formal governance forum, the Stress Working Group. ETRM Risk Strategy maintains a risk radar featuring key risk trends

and emerging risk themes including political and economic developments relevant for the design of potentially harmful

macroeconomic scenarios. Based on quantitative models and expert judgments, economic parameters such as foreign

exchange rates, interest rates, GDP growth or unemployment rates are set accordingly and define the narrative under

which the bank’s solvency position is assessed. The scenario parameters are translated into specific risk drivers by subject

matter experts in the risk units. Based on the bank’s internal model framework for stress testing, the following major

metrics are calculated under stress: risk-weighted assets, impacts on profit and loss and economic capital by risk type.

These results are aggregated at the Group level, and key metrics such as the CET 1 ratio, Total Capital ratio, Economic

Capital Adequacy ratio, MREL ratio and Leverage Ratio under stress are derived. Stress impacts on the Liquidity Coverage

Ratio (LCR) and other Liquidity indicators are also considered. Stress results are also communicated internally at a more

granular business unit level and considered in Deutsche Bank’s risk appetite as well as capital allocation processes. The

time horizon of internal stress tests ranges from one to five years, depending on the use case and scenario assumptions.

The Stress Working Group reviews the final stress results. After comparing these results against the bank’s defined risk

appetite, a specific mitigation strategy may be developed and applied to remediate the stress impacts in case of risk

appetite threshold breaches. The stress results also feed into the recovery planning which is crucial for the recoverability

of the bank in times of crisis. The outcome is presented to senior management up to the Management Board to raise

awareness on the highest level as it provides key insights into specific business vulnerabilities and contributes to the

overall risk profile assessment of the bank.

The Group-wide stress tests performed in 2025 indicated that the bank’s capitalization together with available mitigation

measures as defined in the Group Recovery Plan is adequate to reach the internally set stress exit levels.

The cross-risk reverse stress test leverages the GWST framework and is typically performed annually in order to

challenge Deutsche Bank’s business model by determining scenarios which would cause the bank to become unviable.

Such a reverse stress test is based on a hypothetical macroeconomic scenario enriched by idiosyncratic events based on

the top risks monitored by each risk type. Comparing the non-viability scenario to the current economic environment, the

probability of occurrence of such a hypothetical stress scenario is considered to be extremely low. Given this, it is the

bank’s view that its business continuity is not at risk.

In 2025, the bank has performed multi-year stress tests as part of the annual strategic planning process for 2025 using

two severe adverse scenarios, namely a “Severe EU-led global recession” scenario and a “Severe trade war” scenario. In

addition, further scenarios have been implemented (e.g., “US crisis of confidence”) aligned to the increased geopolitical

uncertainties.

In addition to the GWST that includes all material risk types and major revenue streams, Deutsche Bank has individual

stress test programs in place for all relevant risk metrics in line with regulatory requirements. The relevant stress test

programs are described in the sections about the individual risk management methods.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Stress testing

In 2025, Deutsche Bank was subject to the biannual EBA Stress Test testing the resilience of European banks. The

outcome of the stress test influences the Pillar 2 Guidance for CET1 and leverage ratio and informs the Pillar 2

requirement. Compared to previous comparable stress tests, Deutsche Bank’s disclosed CET1 ratio depletion was lower

under the adverse scenario in line with improved profitability.

Deutsche Bank’s core U.S. subsidiary, DB USA Corporation, also took part in a major regulatory stress test in 2025 i.e., the

US-based CCAR stress test, as implemented pursuant to the U.S. Dodd-Frank Act. In the CCAR stress test, the Federal

Reserve (FRB) disclosed the stress capital depletion for DB USA Corporation and DWS USA Corporation; the outcome of

which showed that each entity remains very well-capitalized even after withstanding a hypothetical severe stress

environment.

Deutsche Bank performs an annual climate stress test to assess its resilience to climate-related risks. The 2025 stress

test incorporated a range of transition and physical risk scenarios over short, medium and long-term time horizons. The

scope of the exercise included portfolios deemed material for climate risk across different risk types. The results of the

stress test are integrated into relevant processes, including risk appetite, business planning and ICAAP.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital framework
Annual Report 2025	Recovery and resolution planning

Recovery and resolution planning

In the EU, the Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation (SRM Regulation) and the Bank Recovery and Resolution

Directive (BRRD) aim at reducing the likelihood of another financial crisis, enhance the resilience of institutions under

stress, and eventually support the long-term stability of the financial systems without exposing taxpayers’ money to

losses.

In line with the provisions of the BRRD (which was mainly implemented in Germany by the German Recovery and

Resolution Act (Sanierungs- und Abwicklungsgesetz, SAG)) and the SRM Regulation, Deutsche Bank maintains a recovery

and resolution planning framework designed to identify and manage the impact of adverse events in a timely and

coordinated manner.

The bank maintains a group recovery plan specifying measures to restore the financial position following a significant

deterioration of its financial situation. The group recovery plan is updated at least annually and approved by the

Management Board.

The group resolution plan, on the other hand, is prepared by the resolution authorities, rather than by the bank itself.

Deutsche Bank works closely with the Single Resolution Board (SRB) and the Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienst-

leistungsaufsicht (BaFin) who establish the group resolution plan for Deutsche Bank, which is currently based on a single

point of entry open bank bail-in as the preferred resolution strategy. Under the single point of entry bail-in strategy, the

parent entity Deutsche Bank AG would be recapitalized through a write-down and/or conversion to equity of capital

instruments (Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1, Tier 2) and other eligible liabilities in order to stabilize the group.

Within one month after the application of the bail-in tool to recapitalize an institution, the BRRD (as implemented in the

SAG) requires such institution to prepare a business reorganization plan, addressing the causes of failure and aiming to

restore the institution's long-term viability. To further support and improve operational continuity of the bank for

resolution planning purposes, Deutsche Bank has completed additional preparations, such as adding termination stay

clauses into client financial agreements governed by non-EU law and including continuity provisions into key service

agreements. Financial contracts and service agreements governed by EU law are already covered by statutory laws

which prevent termination solely due to any resolution measure. Deutsche Bank regularly tests its capabilities and

processes to execute the preferred strategy in dry runs. In addition to the preferred resolution strategy, the bank is

further analyzing in close cooperation with the SRB and BaFin a variant resolution strategy, exploring the applicability of

the sale of business tool, the asset management vehicle, or the bridge bank in combination with the bail-in tool.

In the United States, Deutsche Bank AG is required under Title I of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer

Protection Act of 2010 (the Dodd-Frank Act), as amended, to prepare and submit to the Federal Reserve Board and the

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) either a full or targeted resolution plan (the U.S. Resolution Plan) on a

timeline prescribed by such agencies. The U.S. Resolution Plan must demonstrate that Deutsche Bank AG has the ability

to execute and implement a strategy for the orderly resolution of its designated U.S. material entities and operations. For

foreign-based companies subject to these resolution planning requirements such as Deutsche Bank AG, the U.S.

Resolution Plan relates only to subsidiaries, branches, agencies and businesses that are domiciled in or whose activities

are carried out in whole or in material part in the United States. Deutsche Bank’s U.S. Resolution Plan describes the single

point of entry strategy for Deutsche Bank’s U.S. material entities and operations and prescribes that DB USA Corporation,

one of the bank’s intermediate holding companies, would provide the necessary liquidity and capital support to its U.S.

material entity subsidiaries and ensure their partial sale or solvent wind-down outside of applicable resolution

proceedings. Deutsche Bank submitted its most recent full U.S. Resolution Plan by the October 1, 2025 due date.

Deutsche Bank's next resolution plan submission is a targeted U.S. Resolution Plan that is due by July 1, 2028.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Capital Risk Management

Risk type management

Capital Risk Management

Internal capital adequacy assessment process

Deutsche Bank’s internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) consists of several components which ensure

that Deutsche Bank maintains sufficient capital to cover the risks to which the bank is exposed on an ongoing basis: s

–Risk identification and assessment: The risk identification process forms the basis of the ICAAP and results in an

inventory of risks for the Group; all risks identified are assessed for their materiality; further details can be found in

section “Risk identification and assessment”

–Capital demand/risk measurement: Risk measurement models are applied to quantify the regulatory and economic

capital demand which is required to cover all material risks except for those which cannot be adequately limited by

capital e.g., liquidity risk; further details can be found in sections “Risk profile” and “Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and

MREL”

–Capital supply: Capital supply quantification refers to the definition of available capital resources to absorb

unexpected losses; further details can be found in sections “Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL” and “Economic

Capital Adequacy”

–Risk appetite: Deutsche Bank has established a set of qualitative statements, quantitative metrics and thresholds

which express the level of risk that Deutsche Bank is willing to assume to achieve strategic objectives; threshold

breaches are subject to a dedicated governance framework triggering management actions aimed to safeguard

capital adequacy; further details can be found in sections “Risk appetite and capacity” and “Capital risk limits”

–Capital planning: The risk appetite limits for capital adequacy metrics constitute boundaries which have to be met in

the capital plan to safeguard capital adequacy on a forward-looking basis; further details can be found in section

“Strategic and capital plan”

–Stress testing: Capital plan figures are also considered under various stress test scenarios to prove resilience and

overall viability of the bank; regulatory and economic capital adequacy metrics are also subject to regular stress tests

throughout the year to constantly evaluate Deutsche Bank’s capital position in hypothetical stress scenarios and to

detect vulnerabilities under stress; further details can be found in section “Stress testing”

–Capital adequacy assessment: Although capital adequacy is constantly monitored throughout the year, the ICAAP

concludes with a dedicated annual capital adequacy statement (CAS); the assessment consists of a Management

Board statement about Deutsche Bank’s capital adequacy, which is linked to specific conclusions and management

actions to be taken to safeguard capital adequacy on a forward-looking basis

As part of its ICAAP, Deutsche Bank distinguishes between a normative perspective and an economic internal

perspective. The normative internal perspective refers to a multi-year assessment of the ability to fulfil all capital-related

legal requirements and supervisory demands. The economic internal perspective refers to an internal process using

internal economic capital demand models and an internal economic capital supply definition. Both perspectives focus on

maintaining the continuity of Deutsche Bank on an ongoing basis under a baseline and an adverse scenario.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Capital Risk Management

Capital risk framework

Capital risk is defined as the risk that Deutsche Bank has an insufficient level or composition of capital supply to support

its current and planned business activities and associated risks during normal and stressed conditions.

The Group’s capital risk framework consists of several elements which aim to ensure that Deutsche Bank maintains on an

ongoing basis an adequate capitalization to cover the risks to which it is exposed. The framework is strongly integrated

with the bank-wide strategic planning process and closely linked to Deutsche Bank’s internal capital adequacy

assessment process. Treasury together with the divisions is the key risk manager of the associated risks and represents

the 1st LoD. Enterprise & Treasury Risk Management acts as the 2nd LoD for capital risk.

Enterprise & Treasury Risk Management sets the ICAAP framework, assesses the capital risk profile and provides

independent challenge to Treasury. This includes setting of risk appetite limits for key capital ratios. Limits also provide

boundaries to the capital plan and are fully integrated into the regular assessment of capital risk under stress scenarios.

Deutsche Bank’s Treasury function manages solvency, capital adequacy, leverage, and bail-in capacity ratios at Group

level and locally in each region, as applicable. Treasury develops Deutsche Bank’s capital plan, which is approved by the

Management Board. Treasury, directly or through the Group Asset and Liability Committee, manages, among other

things, issuance and repurchase of shares and capital instruments, hedging of capital ratios against foreign exchange

swings, the design of shareholders’ equity allocation, and regional capital planning.

Treasury manages the issuance and repurchase of capital instruments, namely Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1

and Tier 2 capital instruments as well as TLAC/MREL eligible debt instruments. Treasury constantly monitors the market

for liability management trades.

Treasury manages the sensitivity of Deutsche Bank’s CET 1 ratio and capital towards swings in foreign currency exchange

rates against the euro. For this purpose, Treasury develops and executes suitable hedging strategies within the

constraints of a Management Board approved Risk Appetite. Capital invested into Deutsche Bank’s foreign subsidiaries

and branches is either not hedged, partially hedged or fully hedged. Thereby, Treasury aims to balance effects from

foreign exchange rate movements on capital, capital deduction items and risk weighted assets in foreign currency. In

addition, Treasury also accounts for associated hedge cost and implications on market risk weighted assets.

Capital risk limits

Capital risk appetite is operationalized through limits for all relevant capital adequacy metrics. Breaches of limits are

governed by a dedicated escalation up to and including actions under Deutsche Bank’s Recovery Plan.

Limits are defined for the key capital ratios and reviewed at least annually by the Management Board as part of Deutsche

Bank's annual strategic and capital plan, including for CET 1 ratio, Tier 1 ratio, total capital ratio, MREL and ECA ratio. As

a part of Deutsche Bank’s quarterly process, the Group Risk Committee approves divisional limits for total capital

demand, leverage exposure and economic capital demand.

Overall regulatory capital requirements are principally driven by either Deutsche Bank’s CET 1 ratio or leverage ratio

requirements, whichever is the more binding constraint. For the internal capital allocation, the combined contribution of

each segment to the Group’s CET 1 ratio, the Group’s leverage ratio and the Group’s Capital Loss under Stress are

weighted to reflect their relative importance and level of constraint to the Group. Contributions to the CET 1 ratio and

the leverage ratio are measured through RWA and Leverage Ratio Exposure (LRE). The Group’s Capital Loss under Stress

is a measure of the Group’s overall economic risk exposure under a defined stress scenario. Goodwill, other intangible

assets, and business-related regulatory capital deduction items included in total capital demand are directly allocated to

the respective segments, supporting the calculation of the allocated tangible shareholders equity and the respective

rate of return.

Most of Deutsche Bank’s subsidiaries and several of Deutsche Bank’s branches are subject to legal and regulatory capital

requirements. In developing, implementing, and testing Deutsche Bank’s capital and liquidity position, the bank fully

takes such legal and regulatory requirements into account. Any material capital requests of Deutsche Bank’s branches

and subsidiaries across the globe are presented to and approved by the Group Investment Committee prior to execution.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Enterprise Risk Management

Enterprise Risk Management

ETRM provides a holistic view of the Bank’s risk profile across risk types, businesses and geographies. Key responsibilities

include:

–Defining the overarching risk management policy, including setting of risk management standards

–Setting and monitoring the Bank’s overarching risk appetite and cascading to business & entity dimensions

–Delivering insight through emerging risks and trends analysis, forward-looking stress tests, portfolio concentration,

deep-dive analyses and ad-hoc event reporting

–Developing and managing the climate risk management framework

–Providing risk reporting and analytics to key stakeholders, including senior management and regulators

–Acting as risk controlling function for credit risk including frameworks, risk appetite, reporting and portfolio analytics,

as well as model monitoring

Strategic risk

Strategic risk is the risk of a shortfall in planned earnings (excluding other material risks) due to incorrect business plans,

ineffective plan execution, or inability to effectively respond to material plan deviations. Strategic risk arises from the

exposure of the bank to the macroeconomic environment, changes in the competitive landscape, and regulatory and

technological developments. Additionally, it could occur due to errors in strategic positioning, the bank’s failure to

execute its planned strategy and/or a failure to effectively address underperformance versus plan targets.

The strategic plan is developed annually and presented to the Management Board for discussion and approval. The final

plan is presented to the Supervisory Board. The plan is challenged in an iterative process with respect to its assumptions,

credibility and integrity. During the year, execution of business strategies is regularly monitored to assess the

performance against targets. A more comprehensive description of this process is detailed in the section ‘Strategic and

Capital Plan’.

Strategic risk is measured through a dedicated risk model that quantifies potential losses caused by unexpected pre-tax

earnings shortfalls that cannot be offset by cost reductions under extreme but plausible market conditions over a 12-

month period. Strategic risk appetite is also established for the Group via dedicated metrics.

ETRM is the independent risk control function for Strategic Risk. A framework that includes setting risk appetite and

monitoring adherence is in place and aligns to the control standards the ETRM function set. 

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Enterprise Risk Management

Portfolio concentration risk

Risk concentrations refer to clusters of the same or similar risk drivers within specific risk types (intra-risk concentrations

in credit, market, operational and strategic risks) as well as across different risk types (inter-risk concentrations). They

occur within and across counterparties, businesses, regions/countries, industries and products. The management and

monitoring of risk concentrations is achieved through a quantitative and qualitative approach, as follows:

–Intra-risk concentrations are assessed, monitored and mitigated by the individual risk functions (enterprise, credit,

market, operational and liquidity risk management). This is supported by risk appetite including limit setting on

different levels and/or management according to each risk type

–Inter-risk concentrations are managed through quantitative top-down stress-testing and qualitative bottom-up

reviews, identifying and assessing risk themes independent of any risk type and providing a holistic view across the

bank. The diversification effects between credit, market, operational and strategic risk are measured through an

economic capital model that quantifies the diversification benefit caused by non-perfect correlations between these

risk types. The calculation of the risk type diversification benefit is intended to ensure that the standalone economic

capital figures for the individual risk types are aggregated in an economically meaningful way

The most senior governance body for the oversight of risk concentrations is the Group Risk Committee (GRC).

Environmental, social and governance risk

The impacts of rising global average temperatures, the transition to a net zero economy and the enhanced focus on

climate change from society, regulators and the banking sector have led to the emergence of new and increasing sources

of financial and non-financial risks. These include the physical risks arising from extreme weather events growing in

frequency and severity, as well as transition risks as carbon intensive sectors are expected to face higher taxation,

reduced demand and restricted access to financing. These risks can impact Deutsche Bank across a broad range of

financial and non-financial risk types. Financial institutions are facing increased scrutiny on climate and broader ESG-

related issues from governments, regulators, shareholders and other bodies, leading to reputational risks if the Group is

not seen to support the transition to a lower carbon economy, to protect biodiversity and human rights, among other

themes.

Deutsche Bank’s risk strategy recognizes ESG as a theme that represents a broad range of areas of concern related to

environmental, social, or governance factors that cuts across multiple scenarios and risks. It must be ensured that all

non-financial ESG-related risks are identified and adequately assessed to include potential impacts driven by ESG

factors; the bank must ensure that controls are effective and any potential deficiencies are promptly escalated and

addressed. Deutsche Bank is regularly reviewing and enhancing its ESG-related risk management frameworks in

alignment with regulatory guidance and to ensure that ESG risks are actively managed and greenwashing risk is

mitigated. Limitations in terms of data, methodologies and industry standards for measuring and assessing climate and

other environmental risks continue to lead to a high degree of uncertainty in the bank’s climate-related disclosures. Anti-

ESG measures that were already established in some jurisdictions and have been reinforced and taken further may result

in the loss of existing business and the inability to conduct new business within those jurisdictions, while complying may

lead to reputational risks.

The management of risks stemming from environmental factors relies first and foremost with Deutsche Bank’s net zero-

aligned decarbonization targets for eight sectors: Oil and Gas (upstream), Power Generation, Automotive (light duty

vehicles), Steel, Coal mining, Cement, Shipping and Commercial Aviation. The pathways to achieve these targets are

incorporated into the bank’s risk management framework. Environmental risks are assessed through an annual climate

and environmental materiality assessment and internal stress test, across businesses, portfolios and risk types (Credit,

Market, Liquidity, Reputational and Operational). They are monitored through dedicated reports discussed in senior risk

committees and managed through risk appetite thresholds, policies requirements and exclusions (Environmental and

Social policy framework), and portfolio Early Warning Indicators (EWIs). Climate and environmental risks are incorporated

into the credit approval process for corporate clients via enhanced due diligence requirements. For corporate clients in

carbon-intensive sectors, as well as those in sectors vulnerable to climate-physical and nature (or “other environmental”)

risks, new loan requests above selected tenor and rating-based thresholds to corporate clients in carbon-intensive

sectors require a dedicated risk assessment from the Front Office and review by Credit Risk Management. Overall, these

risks are embedded within the bank’s business model and financial planning through the carbon budgets attributed to

the bank’s businesses derived from its decarbonization targets and through the inclusion of environmental risks within

the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP).

The Group Sustainability Committee acts as the main governance and decision-making body for sustainability-related

matters across Deutsche Bank. This includes the assessment of material impacts as well as risks and opportunities for the

Bank. The committee also sets the net zero targets for the bank.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Enterprise Risk Management

The Management Board has delegated sustainability-related decisions to this committee, which is chaired by the Chief

Executive Officer and the Chief Sustainability Officer (Vice Chair). It receives monthly updates on financed emissions and

net zero alignment.

The Group Risk Committee, chaired by the Chief Risk Officer and established by the Management Board has the mandate

to oversee several risk and capital-related matters. This includes the responsibility for developing the bank’s Climate Risk

Framework. The Committee approves the Bank’s climate and environmental risk appetite, including appetite for

deviation from net zero decarbonization pathways. A number of committees are responsible for the development and

management of specific elements of climate and environmental risk.

The Net Zero Forum receives, in addition to the quarterly reports, monthly flash reports on key metrics (i.e., measuring

alignment with decarbonization targets and the consumption of divisional carbon budgets).

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Management

Credit Risk Management

Credit risk framework

Credit risk arises from all transactions where actual, contingent or potential claims against any counterparty, borrower,

obligor or issuer (which Deutsche Bank refers to collectively as “counterparties”) exist, including those claims that

Deutsche Bank plans to distribute. It captures the risk of loss because of a deterioration of a counterparty’s

creditworthiness or the failure of a counterparty to meet the terms of any contract with Deutsche Bank or otherwise

perform as agreed.

Based on the Risk Type Taxonomy, credit risk is grouped into four material categories, namely default/migration risk,

transaction/settlement risk (exposure risk), mitigation risk and concentration risk. This is complemented by a regular risk

identification and materiality assessment.

–Default/migration risk as the main element of credit risk, is the risk that a counterparty defaults on its payment

obligations or experiences material credit quality deterioration increasing the likelihood of a default

–Transaction/settlement risk is the risk that arises from any existing, contingent or potential future positive exposure

–Mitigation risk is the risk of higher losses due to risk mitigation measures not performing as anticipated

–Credit concentration risk is the risk of an adverse development in a specific single counterparty, country, industry or

product leading to a disproportionate deterioration in the risk profile of Deutsche Bank’s credit exposures to that

counterparty, country, industry or product

Deutsche Bank manages its credit risk using the following principles:

–Credit Risk is only accepted:

–for adopted clients

–after completed appropriate due diligence led by the respective origination teams as 1st LoD

–New products and changes to existing products having been assessed within Deutsche Bank Group’s Product

Lifecycle Policy

–If a rating has been assigned in line with agreed and approved processes

–If all credit relevant exposures are correctly reflected in the relevant risk systems

–If plans for an orderly termination of the risk positions have been considered

–Credit Risk is assumed within the applicable Risk Appetite

–Profit and Loss responsibility for credit exposures is kept by and remains with the originating Group Division

–Risk taken needs to be adequately compensated

–Risk must be continuously monitored and managed across 1LoD and CRM/“Marktfolge” as well as 2LoD

–Credit standards are applied consistently across all Units in order to maintain a favorable risk profile in line with the

Risk Appetite

–Collateral or other risk mitigating, hedging or rating transfer instruments, which can be an alternative source of

repayment do not substitute for underwriting standards and a thorough assessment of the debt service ability of a

counterparty has to be performed during the credit process

–Deutsche Bank strives to adequately secure, guarantee or hedge outright cash risk and longer tenor-exposures; this

approach does usually not include lower risk short-term transactions and facilities supporting specific trade finance or

other lower risk products where the margin allows for adequate loss coverage

–Deutsche Bank measures and consolidates globally all exposure and facilities to the same Obligor

–Deutsche Bank has established within Credit Risk Management – where appropriate – specialized teams for deriving

internal client ratings, analyzing and approving transactions or covering workout clients; for transaction approval

purposes, structured credit risk management teams are aligned to the respective products or specific risks to

ascertain adequate product expertise

–Where required, Deutsche Bank has established processes to manage credit exposures at a legal entity or regional

level

To meet the requirements of Article 190 CRR, Deutsche Bank has allocated the various control requirements for the

credit processes to units/role holders best suited to perform such controls

Climate and environmental risks are integrated across the different stages of the credit lifecycle including transaction

approval/client onboarding, risk classification and credit ratings, portfolio analysis and monitoring and collateral

valuation.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk type management
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Management

Measuring credit risk

Credit risk is measured by credit rating, regulatory and internal capital demand and other key components like credit

limits as mentioned below.

The credit rating is an essential part of the bank’s underwriting and credit process and provides – amongst others – a

cornerstone for credit limit determination on an individual counterparty level, credit decision and transaction pricing as

well as the determination of regulatory capital demand for credit risk. Each counterparty must be rated, and each rating

has to be reviewed at least annually supported by ongoing monitoring of counterparties. A credit rating is a prerequisite

for any credit limit established/approved. For each credit rating, the appropriate rating approach has to be applied and

the derived credit rating has to be established in the relevant systems. Specific rating approaches have been established

to best reflect the respective characteristics of exposure classes, including specific product types, central governments

and central banks, institutions, corporates and retail.

Counterparties in the bank’s non-retail portfolios are rated by Deutsche Bank’s independent Credit Risk Management

function partly using automated or semi-automated rating systems. Given the largely homogeneous nature of the retail

portfolio, counterparty creditworthiness and ratings are derived by utilizing an automated decision engine. Country risk-

related ratings are provided by Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management (ETRM) Risk Research.

Deutsche Bank’s rating analysis is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors. When rating a

counterparty, Deutsche Bank applies in-house assessment methodologies, as well as its 21-grade rating scale.

Changes to existing credit models and introduction of new models are approved by the Regulatory Credit Risk Model

Committee (RCRMC) chaired by the Head of Credit Risk Management before the models are used for credit decisions

and capital calculation for the first time or before they are significantly changed. Separately, for all model changes and

for new models an approval by Model Risk Management is required. Proposals with high impact are recommended for

approval to the Group Risk Committee. Furthermore, regulatory approval may also be required. The model validation is

performed independently of model development by Model Risk Management. The results of the regular validation

processes as stipulated by internal policies are brought to the attention of the RCRMC, even if the validation results do

not lead to a change.

Deutsche Bank measures risk-weighted assets to determine the regulatory capital demand for credit risk using

“advanced”, “foundation” and “standard” approaches of which “advanced” and “foundation” approaches are approved by

the bank’s regulator.

The advanced Internal Ratings Based Approach (IRBA) is the most sophisticated approach available under the regulatory

framework for credit risk and allows Deutsche Bank to make use of its internal credit rating models. These models

represent long-used key components of the internal risk measurement and management process supporting the credit

approval process, the economic capital and expected loss calculation and the internal monitoring and reporting of credit

risk. The relevant parameters include the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the maturity (M)

driving the regulatory risk-weight and the credit conversion factor (CCF) as part of the regulatory exposure at default

(EAD) estimation. For the majority of derivative counterparty exposures as well as securities financing transactions (SFT),

Deutsche Bank makes use of the internal model method (IMM) in accordance with CRR to calculate EAD. For most of the

bank’s internal rating systems, more than seven years of historical information is available to assess these parameters.

Deutsche Bank’s internal rating methodologies aim at point-in-time rather than a through-the-cycle rating, but in line

with regulatory solvency requirements, they are calibrated based on long-term averages of observed default rates.

The foundation IRBA is an approach available under the regulatory framework for credit risk allowing institutions to make

use of their internal rating methodologies while using pre-defined regulatory values for all other risk parameters.

Parameters subject to internal estimates include the PD while the LGD and the CCF are defined in the regulatory

framework. Foundation IRBA is applied mandatorily for some exposure classes since introduction of CRR3 and some

exposures stemming from ex-Postbank.

Deutsche Bank applies the standardized approach to a subset of its credit risk exposures. The standardized approach

measures credit risk either pursuant to fixed risk weights, which are predefined by the regulator, or through the

application of external ratings. Deutsche Bank assigns certain credit exposures permanently to the standardized

approach. Exposures to central governments or central banks make up the majority of the exposures carried in the

standardized approach and receive predominantly a risk weight of zero percent. Sovereign exposures that were treated

under IRBA previously have been moved to standardized approach under art. 494d CRR in 2025. For internal purposes,

however, these exposures are subject to an internal credit assessment and fully integrated in the risk management and

economic capital processes.

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In addition to the above-described regulatory capital demand, Deutsche Bank determines the internal capital demand

for credit risk via an economic capital model.

Deutsche Bank calculates economic capital for the default risk, country risk and settlement risk as elements of credit risk.

In line with the bank’s economic capital framework, economic capital for credit risk is set at a level to absorb with a

probability of 99.9% very severe aggregate unexpected losses within one year. Deutsche Bank’s economic capital for

credit risk is derived from the loss distribution of a portfolio via Monte Carlo Simulation of correlated rating migrations.

The loss distribution is modeled in two steps. First, individual credit exposures are specified based on parameters for the

probability of default, exposure at default and loss given default. In a second step, the probability of joint defaults is

modeled through the introduction of economic factors, which correspond to geographic regions and industries. The

simulation of portfolio losses is then performed by an internally developed model, which takes rating migration and

maturity effects into account as well as LGD volatility. Effects due to wrong-way derivatives risk (i.e., the credit exposure

of a derivative in the default case is higher than in non-default scenarios) are modeled by applying the bank’s own alpha

factor when deriving the exposure at default for derivatives and securities financing transactions under the CRR.

Deutsche Bank allocates expected losses and economic capital derived from loss distributions down to transaction level

to enable management on transaction, customer and business level.

Besides the credit rating, as a key component for managing the bank’s credit portfolio, including individual transaction

approval and the setting of risk appetite, Deutsche Bank establishes credit limits for all credit exposures. Credit limits set

forth maximum credit exposures Deutsche Bank is willing to assume over specified periods. In determining the credit

limit for a counterparty, Deutsche Bank considers the counterparty’s credit quality above others by reference to its

internal credit rating. Credit limits and credit exposures are both measured on a gross and net basis where net is derived

by deducting appropriate hedges and certain collateral from respective gross figures. For derivatives, Deutsche Bank

looks at current market values and the potential future exposure over the relevant time horizon, which is based upon the

bank’s legal agreements with the counterparty.

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IFRS 9 Impairment

In the following chapter, the Group provides an overview of the IFRS 9 impairment framework, model updates and

methodology implemented in 2025 as well as key model assumptions and its changes. Further explanations are provided

regarding the development of management overlays applied to the credit loss allowance, how reviews of relevant

assumptions and inputs to the ECL calculation are performed and how potential model imprecisions are assessed. To

provide additional transparency on the impact of reasonable changes to the key assumptions, model sensitivities are

presented in a separate section below which concludes with the key drivers for the IFRS 9 model results.

Description of IFRS 9 model and methodology

The impairment requirements of IFRS 9 apply to all credit exposures that are measured at amortized cost or fair value

through other comprehensive income and to off balance sheet lending commitments, such as loan commitments and

financial guarantees. For purposes of the bank’s impairment approach, the Group refers to these instruments as financial

assets.

The Group determines its allowance for credit losses in accordance with IFRS 9 as follows:

–Stage 1 reflects financial assets where it is assumed that credit risk has not increased significantly after initial

recognition

–Stage 2 contains all financial assets, that are not defaulted, but have experienced a significant increase in credit risk

since initial recognition

–Stage 3 consists of financial assets which are deemed to be in default in accordance with Deutsche Bank’s policies,

which are based on the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) Article 178. The Group defines these financial assets

as impaired, non-performing and defaulted

–Significant increase in credit risk is determined using quantitative and qualitative information based on the Group’s

historical experience, credit risk assessment and forward-looking information

–Purchased or Originated Credit-Impaired (POCI) financial assets are assets where at the time of initial recognition,

there is objective evidence of impairment and the Group purchased at a discount

The IFRS 9 impairment approach is an integral part of the Group’s credit risk management procedures. The estimation of

ECL is either performed via the automated, parameter based ECL calculation using the Group’s ECL model or determined

by credit officers. In both cases, the calculation takes place for each financial asset individually. Similarly, the

determination of the need to transfer between stages is made on an individual asset basis. The Group’s ECL model is

used to calculate the allowance for credit losses for all financial assets in Stage 1 and Stage 2, as well as for Stage 3 in

the homogeneous portfolio (i.e., retail and small business loans with similar credit risk characteristics). For financial assets

in the bank’s non-homogeneous portfolio in Stage 3 and for POCI assets, the allowance for credit losses is determined

individually by credit officers.

The Group uses three main components to measure ECL. These are Probability of Default (PD), Loss Given Default (LGD)

and Exposure at Default (EAD). The Group leverages existing parameters used for determination of capital demand under

the Basel Internal Ratings Based Approach (IRBA) and internal risk management practices as much as possible to

calculate ECL. These parameters are adjusted where necessary to comply with IFRS 9 requirements (e.g., use of point in

time ratings and removal of downturn add-ons in the regulatory parameters). Incorporating forecasts of future economic

variables into the measurement of ECL influences the allowance for credit losses. In order to calculate lifetime ECL, the

Group’s calculation derives the corresponding lifetime PDs from migration matrices that reflect economic forecasts.

The Group regularly reviews and validates the ECL model and its components which can result in model updates,

including recalibrations and model changes, of which some may constitute a change in estimate. Any future model

updates may have an impact on ECL and therefore represent a model uncertainty which cannot be reliably quantified.

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Stage determination and significant increase in credit risk

At initial recognition, financial assets are reflected in Stage 1, unless the financial assets are POCI. If there is a significant

increase in credit risk, the financial asset is transferred to Stage 2. A significant increase in credit risk is determined by

using rating-related and process-related indicators. The transfer of financial assets to Stage 3 is based on the status of

the borrower being in default. If a borrower is in default, all financial assets of the borrower are transferred to Stage 3.

Rating-related Stage 2 indicators: In the third quarter of 2025 Deutsche Bank introduced a change to the rating-related

Stage 2 indicator approach, in which the Group compares a borrower’s lifetime PD at the reporting date with lifetime PD

expectations at the date of initial recognition to determine if there has been a significant change in the borrower’s PDs

and consequently to any of the borrower’s transaction in the scope of IFRS 9 impairment. Previously the model

determined the lifetime PD distribution based on historically observed migration behavior and a sampling of different

economic scenarios. A quantile of this distribution, which was defined for each counterparty class, was chosen as the

lifetime PD threshold. If the remaining lifetime PD of a transaction according to current expectations exceeded this

threshold, the financial asset was deemed to have incurred a significant increase in credit risk and was transferred to

Stage 2. The new approach compares the annualized lifetime PD at reporting date with the annualized conditional

lifetime PD expectation at origination. A relative and an absolute threshold are used for the comparison, which

represents a key assumption in the model. Different relative thresholds are applied to low-risk assets defined by an

annualized conditional PD at origination of 0.5% or below compared to the remaining high-risk assets. The relative

threshold for high-risk assets is 63% PD increase and for low-risk assets is 131% PD increase, floored by an absolute

threshold of 5.05% PD increase. If one of the newly introduced thresholds is breached, the financial asset is deemed to

have incurred a significant increase in credit risk and is transferred to Stage 2. This change in estimate led to an increase

of the credit loss allowance in the amount of € 15 million at the time of implementation and impacted Stages 1 and 2 in

all portfolios. In addition, the Group applied a threefold annualized lifetime PD increase as additional Stage 2 trigger as a

backstop until the implementation of the new rating related approach. This new approach always identifies assets

subject to the backstop as Stage 2 already.

Process-related Stage 2 indicators are derived via the use of existing risk management indicators, which in the bank’s

view represent situations where the credit risk of financial assets has significantly increased. These include borrowers

being added to the Group’s watchlist, being transferred to workout status, payments being 30 days or more past due or

being in forbearance. As long as the condition for one or more of the process-related or rating-related indicators is

fulfilled and the borrower of the financial asset has not met the definition of default, the asset will remain in Stage 2. If

the Stage 2 indicators are no longer fulfilled and the financial asset has not defaulted, the financial asset transfers back

to Stage 1. In case of performing forborne financial assets, the probation period is two years before the financial asset is

reclassified to Stage 1, which is aligned with regulatory guidance.

If the borrower defaults, all transactions of the borrower are allocated to Stage 3. If, at a later date, the borrower is no

longer in default, the curing criteria according to regulatory guidance is applied (including probation periods), which are

at least three months or one year in case of distressed restructurings. Once the regulatory cure period or criteria has been

met, the borrower will cease to be classified as defaulted and will be transferred back to Stage 2 or Stage 1.

The ECL calculation for Stage 3 distinguishes between transactions in the homogeneous and non-homogeneous

portfolios, as well as POCI financial assets. For transactions that are in Stage 3 and in a homogeneous portfolio, the

Group uses a parameter-based automated approach to determine the credit loss allowance per transaction. For these

transactions, the LGD parameters are to a large extent modelled to be time-dependent, i.e., consider the declining

recovery expectation as time elapses after default. The allowance for credit losses for financial assets in the bank’s non-

homogeneous portfolios in Stage 3, as well as for POCI assets are determined by credit officers and have to be approved

along an established authority grid up to and including the Management Board. This allows credit officers to consider

currently available information and recovery expectations specific to the borrowers and the financial assets at the

reporting date.

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Estimation techniques for key input factors

The first key input factor in the Group ECL calculation is the one-year PD for borrowers which is derived from the bank’s

internal rating systems. The Group assigns a PD to each borrower credit exposure based on a 21-grade master rating

scale for all of the Group’s exposure.

The borrower ratings assigned are derived based on internally developed rating models which specify consistent and

distinct customer-relevant criteria and assign a rating grade based on a specific set of criteria as given for a certain

customer. The set of criteria is generated from information sets relevant for the respective customer segments including

general customer behavior, financial and external data (e.g., credit bureau). The methods in use range from statistical

scoring models to expert-based models taking into account the relevant available quantitative and qualitative

information. Expert-based models are usually applied for borrowers in the exposure classes “Central governments and

central banks”, “Institutions” and “Corporates” with the exception of those “Corporates” for which a sufficient data basis

is available for statistical scoring models. For the latter, as well as for the retail segment, statistical scoring or hybrid

models combining both approaches are commonly used. Quantitative rating methodologies are developed based on

applicable statistical modelling techniques, such as logistic regression.

One-year PDs are extended to multi-year PD curves using through-the-cycle matrices and macroeconomic forecasts.

Based on economic scenarios centered around the macroeconomic baseline forecast, through-the-cycle matrices are

first transformed into point-in-time rating migration matrices, typically for a two-year period. The calculation of the

point-in-time matrices provides the link between macroeconomic variables and the default and rating behavior of

borrowers, which is derived from time series through regression techniques involving macroeconomic variables (MEVs)

and historical rating and default data. In a final step, multi-year PD curves are derived from point-in-time rating migration

matrices for periods where reasonable and supportable forecasts are available and extrapolated based on through-the-

cycle rating migration matrices beyond those periods.

The second key input factor into the ECL calculation is the LGD parameter, which is defined as the likely loss intensity in

case of a borrower’s default. It provides an estimation of the exposure that cannot be recovered in a default event and

therefore captures the severity of a loss. Conceptually, LGD estimates are independent of a borrower’s probability of

default. The LGD models applied in Stages 1 and 2, which are based on regulatory LGD models, but adjusted for IFRS 9

requirements (i.e., removal of downturn-add-on and removal of indirect costs of workout), ensure that the main drivers

for losses (i.e., different levels and quality of collateralization and customer or product types or seniority of facility) are

reflected as risk drivers in LGD estimates. In June 2025, the Group introduced a model update with regard to the Loss

Given Default (LGD) parameter used in the IFRS 9 accounting framework, primarily to align with the corresponding

models implemented in the solvency framework following regulatory guidelines. This change in estimate led to a net

reduction of the credit loss allowance in the amount of € 133 million at the time of implementation and impacted all

stages. The most pronounced reduction of the credit loss allowance was observed in the Private Bank. In the Corporate

Bank and Investment Bank the net impact was primarily in stages 1 and 2 and less pronounced. However, for certain

underlying portfolios such as CRE, a more pronounced increase in credit loss allowance was observed, which was offset

by a reduction of credit loss allowance in other underlying portfolios in these businesses.

In the third quarter of 2025 the Group continued to validate the model performance of relevant feeder and receiver

models. Three probability of default (PD) models and one LGD model were recalibrated on that basis which led to a net

increase in the credit loss allowance in the amount of € 110 million, impacting all stages, mainly in the Investment Bank

and Private Bank.

Forward-looking information (FLI) is also incorporated into LGD projections in terms of FLI LGD scaling factors based on

forecasts for key MEVs. LGD adjustments are quantified relative to long-term historical averages, which represent a

neutral reference point throughout an economic cycle.

The LGD setting for defaulted homogeneous portfolios is partially dependent on time after default and are either

calibrated based on the Group’s multi-decade loss and recovery experience using statistical methods or for less

significant portfolios certain LGD model input parameters (e.g., cure rates) are determined by expert judgement.

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The third key input factor is the exposure at default over the lifetime of a financial asset which is modelled taking into

account expected repayment profiles (e.g., linear amortization, annuities, bullet loan structures). Prepayment options are

modelled for some portfolios. The bank applies specific credit conversion factors (CCFs) in order to calculate an EAD

value. Conceptually, the EAD is defined as the expected amount of the credit exposure to a borrower at the time of its

default. In instances where a transaction involves an unused limit, a percentage share of this unused limit is added to the

outstanding amount in order to appropriately reflect the expected outstanding amount in case of a borrower’s default.

This reflects the assumption that for commitments, the utilization at the time of default might be higher than the current

outstanding balance. In case a transaction involves an additional contingent component (i.e., guarantees) a further

percentage share is applied as part of the CCF model in order to estimate the amount of guarantees drawn in case of

default. The calibrations of such parameters are based on internal historical data and are either based on empirical

analysis or supported by expert judgement and consider borrower and product type specifics. Where supervisory CCF

values need to be applied for regulatory purposes, internal estimates are used for IFRS 9.

Expected lifetime

IFRS 9 requires the determination of lifetime ECL for which the expected lifetime of a financial asset is a key input factor.

Lifetime ECL represent default events over the expected life of a financial asset. The Group measures ECL considering

the risk of default over the maximum contractual period (including any borrower’s extension options) over which the

Group is exposed to credit risk.

Retail overdrafts, credit card facilities and certain corporate revolving facilities typically include both a loan and an

undrawn commitment component. The expected lifetime of such on-demand facilities exceeds their contractual life as

they are typically cancelled only when the Group becomes aware of an increase in credit risk. The expected lifetime is

estimated by taking into consideration historical information and the Group’s credit risk management actions such as

credit limit reductions and facility cancellation. Where such facilities are subject to an individual review by credit risk

management, the lifetime for calculating ECL is 12 months. For facilities not subject to individual review by credit risk

management, the bank applies a lifetime for calculating ECL of 24 months.

Interest rate used in the IFRS 9 model

In the context of the ECL calculation, the Group applies in line with IFRS 9 an approximation of the effective interest rate

(EIR), which is usually the contractual interest rate. The contractual interest rate is deemed to be an appropriate

approximation, as the interest rate is consistently used in the ECL model, interest recognition and for discounting of the

ECL and does not materially differ from the EIR.

Consideration of collateralization in IFRS 9 Expected Credit Loss calculation

The ECL model projects the level of collateralization for each point in time in the life of a financial asset. At the reporting

date, the model uses a collateral distribution process that allocates the value of each eligible collateral to relevant

financial assets. In the ECL calculation, the Group subsequently calculates the collateralization resulting from physical

collateral that enters the LGD model as a risk driver based on the allocated collateral value and the exposure value of the

financial asset.

For personal collateral (e.g., guarantees), the ECL model assumes that the relative level of collateralization remains

stable over time. In the case of an amortizing loan, the outstanding exposure and collateral values decrease together

over time. For physical collateral (e.g., real estate property), the ECL shall assume that the absolute collateral value

remains constant. In case of an amortizing loan, the collateralized part of the exposure increases over time and the loan-

to-value decreases accordingly.

Certain financial guarantee contracts are integral to the financial assets guaranteed. In such cases, the financial

guarantee is considered as collateral for the financial asset and the benefit of the guarantee is used to mitigate the ECL

of the guaranteed financial asset.

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Forward looking information

Under IFRS 9, the allowance for credit losses is based on reasonable and supportable forward-looking information

available without undue cost or effort, which takes into consideration past events, current conditions and forecasts of

future economic conditions.

To incorporate forward looking information into the Group’s allowance for credit losses, the bank uses two key elements:

–As its base scenario, the Group uses external survey-based macroeconomic forecasts (e.g., consensus views on GDP

and unemployment rates); in addition, the scenario expansion model, which has been initially developed for stress

testing, is used for forecasting macroeconomic variables that are not covered by external consensus data; all

forecasts are assumed to reflect the most likely development of the respective variables; the Group regularly updates

its forecasts for macro-economic factors during the quarter and reviews aspects of potential model imprecision (e.g.,

MEV parameters outside the historic range used for model calibration, if not already included in the model) as part of

an MEV monitoring framework to assess if an overlay is required

–Statistical techniques are then applied to transform the base scenario projections into a probability distribution of the

macroeconomic variables; these scenarios specify deviations from the baseline forecasts; the scenario distribution is

then used for deriving multi-year PD curves for different rating and counterparty classes, which are applied in the ECL

calculation and in the identification of significant deterioration in credit quality of financial assets as described above

in the rating-related Stage 2 indicators

The Group's Risk and Finance Credit Loss Provision Forum monitors the impact of forward-looking information, including

the latest macroeconomic variables, on a quarterly basis and determines if any additional overlays are required. Although

interest rates and inflation are not separately included in the MEVs, the economic impact of these risks is reflected in

GDP growth rates, unemployment, equities and credit spreads as higher rates and inflation filter through these forecasts.

As of December 31, 2025, the consensus data applied in the ECL model was deemed to have reflected the latest

macroeconomic developments and after considering all relevant uncertainties in the MEVs no additional overlays were

required.

As described earlier, the Group’s approach to reflect forward-looking information into the calculation of ECL is to

incorporate forecasts for the next two to three years into PD and LGD projections. For periods beyond those covered in

terms of reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, reversion to historically observed behavior of defaults, rating

migrations and recoveries is used for ECL measurement.

The tables below contain relevant forward-looking information by macroeconomic variable included in the Group’s IFRS

9 model as of December 31, 2025, and as of December 31, 2024.

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Forward-looking information applied

		December 31, 20251 2
		Year 1 (4 quarter avg)		Year 2 (4 quarter avg)
GDP - USA		1.87%		1.97%
GDP - Eurozone		1.16%		1.44%
GDP - Germany		0.65%		1.54%
GDP - Italy		0.60%		0.91%
GDP - Developing Asia		4.45%		4.78%
GDP - Emerging Markets		3.85%		4.19%
Unemployment - USA		4.42%		4.29%
Unemployment - Eurozone		6.30%		6.18%
Unemployment - Germany		3.75%		3.66%
Unemployment - Italy		6.14%		6.22%
Unemployment - Spain		10.37%		10.05%
Unemployment - Japan		2.49%		2.45%
Real Estate Prices - CRE Index USA		300.74		301.87
Real Estate Prices - CRE Index Eurozone		110.44		111.75
Real Estate Prices - House Price Index USA		331.21		340.69
Real Estate Prices - House Price Index Germany		157.28		158.82
Real Estate Prices - House Price Index Spain		2,213.53		2,264.16
Equity - S&P500		6,942		7,366
Equity - Eurostoxx50		5,793		6,086
Equity - DAX40		24,453		25,886
Equity - MSCI EAFE		1,288		1,351
Equity - MSCI Asia		2,068		2,160
Equity - Nikkei		50,891		53,099
Credit - High Yield Index		308.27		348.99
Credit - CDX High Yield		333.97		370.05
Credit - CDX IG		54.64		62.78
Credit - CDX Emerging Markets		149.82		179.86
Credit - ITX Europe 125		56.42		62.27
Commodity - WTI		61.07		59.01
Commodity - Gold		3,976.94		4,189.01

1 MEV as of December 8, 2025 based on Bloomberg Consensus, which barely changed until December 31, 2025

2 Year 1 equals fourth quarter of 2025 to third quarter of 2026, Year 2 equals fourth quarter of 2026 to third quarter of 2027

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		December 31, 20241 2
		Year 1 (4 quarter avg)		Year 2 (4 quarter avg)
GDP - USA		2.23%		2.04%
GDP - Eurozone		1.04%		1.19%
GDP - Germany		0.38%		1.14%
GDP - Italy		0.74%		1.02%
GDP - Developing Asia		4.53%		4.26%
GDP - Emerging Markets		4.11%		3.81%
Unemployment - USA		4.29%		4.20%
Unemployment - Eurozone		6.46%		6.42%
Unemployment - Germany		3.46%		3.40%
Unemployment - Italy		6.50%		6.76%
Unemployment - Spain		11.12%		10.93%
Unemployment - Japan		2.48%		2.40%
Real Estate Prices - CRE Index USA		312.27		316.81
Real Estate Prices - CRE Index Eurozone		107.75		108.39
Real Estate Prices - House Price Index USA		325.05		333.47
Real Estate Prices - House Price Index Germany		152.78		158.19
Real Estate Prices - House Price Index Spain		1,959.68		2,000.70
Equity - S&P500		6,109		6,436
Equity - Eurostoxx50		4,965		5,162
Equity - DAX40		20,131		20,968
Equity - MSCI EAFE		1,069		1,112
Equity - MSCI Asia		1,602		1,630
Equity - Nikkei		38,972		39,582
Credit - High Yield Index		312.32		358.66
Credit - CDX High Yield		332.33		374.29
Credit - CDX IG		56.50		64.29
Credit - CDX Emerging Markets		177.90		202.59
Credit - ITX Europe 125		62.15		68.66
Commodity - WTI		70.46		65.85
Commodity - Gold		2,588.02		2,612.91

1 MEV as of December 5, 2024, based on Bloomberg Consensus, which barely changed until December 31, 2024

2 Year 1 equals fourth quarter of 2024 to third quarter of 2025, Year 2 equals fourth quarter of 2025 to third quarter of 2026

Model sensitivity

The Group has identified three key model assumptions included in the IFRS 9 model. These include forward looking

macroeconomic variables, the quantitative criteria for determining if a borrower has incurred a significant increase in

credit risk and is transferred to Stage 2, and the LGD setting on homogeneous portfolios in Stage 3. Below the bank

provides sensitivity analysis on the potential impact if these key assumptions applied in the ECL model were to deviate

from the bank’s base case expectations.

Macroeconomic variables

The sensitivity of the ECL model with respect to potential changes in projections for key MEVs is shown in the tables

below, which provides ECL impacts for Stages 1 and 2 from downward and upward shifts applied separately to each

group of MEV as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The magnitude of the shifts is selected in the range of

one standard deviation, which is a statistical measure of the dispersion of the values of a random variable. Each of these

groups consists of MEVs from the same category:

–GDP growth rates: includes USA, Eurozone, Germany, Italy, Developing Asia, Emerging Markets

–Unemployment rates: includes USA, Eurozone, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain

–Equities: S&P500, Eurostoxx50, DAX 40, Nikkei, MSCI Asia, MSCI EAFE

–Credit spreads: ITX Europe 125, High Yield Index, CDX IG, CDX High Yield, CDX Emerging Markets

–Real Estate: CRE Index Eurozone, House Price Index USA, House Price Index Germany, House Price Index Italy, House

Price Index Spain

–Commodities: WTI oil price, Gold price

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Although interest rates and inflation are not included in the above set of MEVs, adverse effects associated with changes

in these risk drivers typically manifest themselves in other economic forecasts incorporated in the ECL model, such as

lower GDP growth, higher unemployment or wider credit spreads.

In addition, the sensitivity analysis only includes the impact of the aggregated MEV group (i.e., potential correlations

between different MEV groups or the impact of management overlays is not taken into consideration). ECL quantification

for Stage 3 does not follow a model-based process for various portfolios and is therefore excluded from the following

tables.

Compared to December 31, 2024, calculation of sensitivities are reflective of ECL model updates that went live in 2025,

including updates to the LGD parameter used in the IFRS9 accounting framework and the Significant Increase in Credit

Risk (SICR) model for staging assessment. The effects of both FLI impacting PDs and FLI impacting LGDs were already

reflected in the 2024 sensitivities. As of December 31, 2025, sensitivities additionally capture the extension of the FLI

LGD model to ex‑Postbank portfolios, resulting in higher sensitivities to real estate prices. Furthermore, the overall

increase in sensitivities observed for GDP, unemployment and real estate prices is also driven by a higher ECL baseline

level compared to last year.

IFRS 9 – Sensitivities of forward-looking information applied on Stage 1 and Stage 2 – Group Level

		December 31, 2025
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(76.3)		(1)pp		87.2
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(49.4)		0.5pp		51.6
Real estate prices1		5%		(35.3)		(5%)		40.1
Equities		10%		(17.1)		(10%)		23.7
Credit spreads		(40%)		(19.5)		40%		21.6
Commodities2		10%		(6.9)		(10%)		7.4

		December 31, 2024
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(66.4)		(1)pp		71.8
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(44.9)		0.5pp		49.0
Real estate prices1		5%		(13.9)		(5%)		16.0
Equities		10%		(14.1)		(10%)		17.8
Credit spreads		(40%)		(20.7)		40%		24.2
Commodities2		10%		(7.7)		(10%)		8.7

1 For a more severe stress test relating to the CRE portfolio that also takes into consideration existing and potential exposure in Stage 3 reference is made to the section on

Commercial Real Estate above

2Here the sign of the shift applies to oil prices changes. Gold price changes have the opposite sign. 1pp (percentage point), e.g., GDP shifts from 3% to 4% // 1%

(percentage change), e.g., Real estate price shifts from 100 to 101

At divisional level, the sensitivity analysis below was performed for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024,

respectively, and revealed GDP growth rates, credit spreads and commodities prices to be the dominant factors for the

Investment Bank, whereas the model sensitivity for the Corporate Bank and Private Bank is mainly associated with

changes in GDP growth rates and unemployment rates. The model sensitivity table for the Private Bank shows GDP

growth rates and unemployment rates only, as the key MEVs relevant to the underlying portfolios.

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IFRS 9 – Sensitivities of forward-looking information applied on Stage 1 and Stage 2 - Corporate Bank

		December 31, 2025
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(16.0)		(1)pp		19.2
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(11.0)		0.5pp		12.2
Real estate prices1		5%		(4.3)		(5)%		5.4
Credit spreads		(40)%		(4.1)		40%		4.5
Commodities2		10%		(2.2)		(10)%		2.4

		December 31, 2024
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(18.2)		(1)pp		20.3
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(12.6)		0.5pp		14.2
Real estate prices1		5%		(2.1)		(5)%		2.2
Credit spreads		(40)%		(4.5)		40%		5.0
Commodities2		10%		(2.8)		(10)%		3.1

1 For a more severe stress test relating to the CRE portfolio that also takes into consideration existing and potential exposure in Stage 3 reference is made to the section on

Commercial Real Estate below

2 Here the sign of the shift applies to oil prices changes. Gold price changes have the opposite sign.

IFRS 9 – Sensitivities of forward-looking information applied on Stage 1 and Stage 2 - Investment Bank

		December 31, 2025
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(36.1)		(1)pp		41.5
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(10.7)		0.5pp		11.6
Real estate prices1		5%		(19.4)		(5)%		21.5
Equities		10%		(5.6)		(10)%		9.3
Credit spreads		(40)%		(14.0)		40%		15.7
Commodities2		10%		(4.4)		(10)%		4.7

		December 31, 2024
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(26.4)		(1)pp		28.9
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(11.0)		0.5pp		12.1
Real estate prices1		5%		(8.5)		(5)%		10.2
Equities		10%		(4.7)		(10)%		5.9
Credit spreads		(40)%		(13.5)		40%		16.2
Commodities2		10%		(4.6)		(10)%		5.3

1 For a more severe stress test relating to the CRE portfolio that also takes into consideration existing and potential exposure in Stage 3 reference is made to the section on

Commercial Real Estate below

2 Here the sign of the shift applies to oil prices changes. Gold price changes have the opposite sign.

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IFRS 9 – Sensitivities of forward-looking information applied on Stage 1 and Stage 2 - Private Bank

		December 31, 2025
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(22.6)		(1)pp		24.6
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(26.9)		0.5pp		26.8

		December 31, 2024
		Upward sensitivity				Downward sensitivity
		Upward shift		ECL impact in € m.		Downward shift		ECL impact in € m.
GDP growth rates		1pp		(18.3)		(1)pp		19.3
Unemployment rates		(0.5)pp		(19.5)		0.5pp		20.6

Impact of lifetime expected credit losses for Stage 1 borrowers

As described above, the Group uses a mixture of quantitative and qualitative criteria to determine significant increase in

credit risk which require, for affected borrowers, a move to lifetime ECL (Stage 2). If for all Stage 1 borrowers Deutsche

Bank were to record lifetime expected credit losses, the Group’s allowance for credit losses amounting to € 6.6 billion as

of December 31, 2025 and € 6.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 which would represent an increase of approximately

28% for year end 2025 and 34% for year end 2024, respectively.

Stage 3 LGD setting

The Group’s allowance for credit losses in Stage 3 for the homogeneous portfolios amounts to € 2.4 billion as of

December 31, 2025 and € 2.3 billion as of December 31, 2024. The key driver in determining the ECL provision is the loss

given default estimate, which differs by individual portfolios. Loss given default is influenced by recovery rates, proceeds

from the sale of collateral, and cure rates. Some of the drivers for different portfolios include elements of expert

judgment in particular on expected cure rates. If the LGD for all homogeneous portfolios were to increase by 1%, then

Stage 3 ECL would increase as of December 31, 2025 by approximately € 28 million (thereof € 20 million in Germany,

€ 5 million in Italy and € 2 million in Spain), and by approximately € 26 million as of December 31, 2024 (thereof

€ 17 million in Germany, € 5 million in Italy and € 2 million in Spain).

Management overlays applied to the IFRS 9 model output

The Group regularly reviews the IFRS 9 methodology and processes, key inputs into the ECL calculation and discusses

upcoming model changes, potential model imprecisions or other estimation uncertainties, for example in the

macroeconomic environment to determine if any material overlays are required. Moreover, regular reviews for evolving or

emerging risks are performed, especially in the current geopolitical environment. Measures applied include client surveys

and interviews, along with analysis of portfolios across businesses, regions and sectors. In addition, the Group regularly

reviews and validates key model inputs and assumptions (including those in feeder models) and ensures where expert

judgement is applied, it is in line with the Group’s risk management framework. As of December 31, 2025, the Group had

two existing overlays, one existing overlay reflected a model refinement related to refinancing risk which had not yet

been implemented and a newly created overlay to reflect observations from the bank's portfolio reviews and credit risk

assessments. Apart from these known model weaknesses and overlays, the group did not identify any additional model

weaknesses which would require an overlay.

As of year end 2025, the Group’s IFRS9 management overlays amounted to €156 million, compared to €124 million for

year end 2024 (which resulted in an increase of Allowance for Credit Losses in both periods). Management overlays as of

year end 2025 encompassed two main items, as mentioned above: Expected impacts from a model refinement related to

refinancing risk and observations from the bank’s portfolio reviews and credit risk assessments. The overlay relating to

refinancing risk existed already in 2024 and has been adjusted during 2025. Additionally, at the end of 2024, the Group

recorded an overlay with regard to a PD parameter recalibration, which was released in 2025. The change to

management overlays during the year 2025 was primarily driven by dedicated tariff overlays taken in view of the impacts

from U.S. tariff announcements during the first quarter which were released during the year.

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Overall Assessment of ECL’s

To ensure that Deutsche Bank’s ECL model accounted for the uncertainties in the macroeconomic environment

throughout 2025, the Group continued to review emerging risks, assessed potential baseline and downside impacts and

required actions to manage the bank’s credit strategy and risk appetite. The outcome of these reviews concluded that

the bank adequately provisioned for its expected credit losses as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Results from the above reviews and development of key portfolio indicators are regularly discussed at the Credit Risk

Appetite and Management Forum and Group Risk Committee and as appropriate at the Management Board and the

Audit Committee. Where necessary, actions and measures are taken to mitigate the risks. Client ratings are regularly

reviewed to reflect the latest macroeconomic developments and where potentially significant risks are identified clients

are moved to the watchlist (Stage 2), forbearance measures may be negotiated, and credit limits and collateralization are

reviewed. Overall, the Group believes that based on its day-to-day risk management activities and regular reviews of

emerging risks it has adequately provided for its ECL.

IFRS 9 model results

Provision for credit losses was €1.7 billion in 2025, down from €1.8 billion in 2024 and 35 basis points (bps) of average

loans, in line with the guidance the bank provided after the third quarter. The decrease was primarily driven by lower

Stage 3 provisions, notwithstanding persistently elevated provisions for the commercial real estate sector. This was

partially offset by higher Stage 1 and Stage 2 provisions resulting from model-related effects.

With regard to climate risks, estimates of higher transition and physical risk exposures and their impact on the ECL did not

result in any adjustment of credit loss provisions for the years ended December 31, 2025 as well as December 31, 2024.

For details of the provision for credit losses related to the segments, please refer to section “Segment results of

operations”.

For details on the Group’s accounting policy related to IFRS 9 Impairment, please refer to Note 01 “Material accounting

policies and critical accounting estimates” of the consolidated financial statements.

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Managing and mitigation of credit risk

Managing credit risk on counterparty level

Credit-relevant counterparties are principally allocated to credit officers within credit teams which are organized by type

of counterparty (such as financial institutions, corporates or private individuals), economic area (e.g., emerging markets)

or product and supported by dedicated rating analyst teams where deemed necessary, except for retail clients, which are

managed by the sales unit. The individual credit officers have the relevant expertise and experience to manage the credit

risks associated with these counterparties and their associated credit related transactions. For retail clients, credit

decision making and credit monitoring is highly automated due to standardized products and processes. Credit Risk

Management has oversight of the respective processes and tools used in these highly automated retail credit processes.

It is the responsibility of each credit authority holder or credit officer to undertake ongoing credit monitoring for their

allocated counterparties. Deutsche Bank also has procedures in place intended to identify credit exposures for which

there may be an increased risk of deteriorated risk/loss at an early stage.

In instances where Deutsche Bank has identified counterparties with emerging concern about their credit quality

deteriorating or likely to deteriorate to the point where they present a heightened risk of default/loss, the respective

counterparty is generally placed on the “Watchlist”. Deutsche Bank aims to identify those counterparties at an early

stage to ensure that credit exposures with increased risks are effectively managed, the Bank’s risk management tools are

appropriately applied aiming to minimize potential losses. The objective of this early warning system is to address

potential problems while adequate options for action are still available. This early risk detection is a tenet of Deutsche

Bank’s credit culture and is designed to raise management awareness of these positions.

Credit limits for individual counterparties are established by the Credit Risk Management function (except for retail

clients) applying credit authorities assigned to individual Credit Officers. This also applies to settlement risk that must fall

within limits pre-approved by Credit Risk Management and in a manner that reflects expected settlement patterns for

the subject counterparty. Credit approvals are documented by electronic signature under 4-eye principle by the

respective credit authority holders and are retained for future reference.

Credit authority is generally assigned as a personal credit authority according to the individual’s professional

qualification and experience. All assigned credit authorities are reviewed on a periodic basis to help ensure that they are

commensurate with the individual performance of the authority holder.

Where credit authority is insufficient to establish required credit limits, the transaction is referred to a credit authority

holder with the respective credit authority or if exceeding the highest personal authority to an appropriate credit

committee. Where personal and committee authorities are insufficient to establish appropriate limits, the case is referred

to the Management Board for approval.

Mitigation of credit risk on counterparty level

In addition to determining counterparty credit quality by assigning internal ratings and the alignment of the exposure

with the Bank’s counterparty concentration risk guidelines, Deutsche Bank also uses various credit risk mitigation and

protection techniques to optimize credit exposure and reduce potential credit losses. These techniques are applied in

the following forms:

–Comprehensive and enforceable credit documentation with adequate terms and conditions

–Collateral in its various forms to reduce losses by increasing the recovery of obligations; key principles for collateral

management include legal effectiveness and enforceability, prudent and realistic collateral valuations, risk and

regulatory capital reduction, as well as cost efficiency

–Risk transfers, which shift the risk of default of an obligor to a third-party, including significant risk transfer

instruments are executed by the bank’s Strategic Corporate Lending (SCL) business unit

–Netting and collateral arrangements which reduce the credit exposure from derivatives and securities financing

transactions (e.g., repo transactions)

–Hedging of derivatives counterparty risk including CVA, using primarily CDS contracts via the bank’s Counterparty

Portfolio Management desk

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Collateral

Deutsche Bank regularly agrees on collateral to be received from customers that are subject to credit risk or to be

provided by third parties agreed by legally effective and enforceable contracts as documented by a written and

reasoned legal opinion. Collateral is credit protection in the form of (funded) assigned or pledged assets or (unfunded)

third-party obligations that serves to mitigate the inherent risk of credit loss in an exposure, by either improving

recoveries in the event of a default or substituting the counterparty default risk. Deutsche Bank generally takes all types

of eligible collateral for its respective businesses but may limit accepted collateral types for specific businesses or

regions as customary in the respective market or driven by purpose of efficiency. While collateral can be an alternative

source of repayment, it does not replace the necessity of high-quality underwriting standards and a thorough

assessment of the debt service ability of the counterparty in line with Article 194 (9) CRR.

Deutsche Bank distinguishes the following two types of credit protection approaches:

–Funded Credit Protection like financial and other collateral, which enables Deutsche Bank to recover all or part of the

outstanding exposure by liquidating the collateral/asset provided, in cases where the counterparty is unable or

unwilling to fulfill its primary obligations. Cash collateral, securities (equity, bonds), collateral pledges or assignments

of other claims or inventory, movable assets (i.e., plant, machinery, ships and aircraft) and real estate typically fall into

this category; all financial collateral is regularly, mostly daily, revalued and measured against the respective credit

exposure; the value of other collateral, including real estate, is monitored based upon established processes that

includes regular reviews or revaluations by internal and/or external experts

–Unfunded Credit Protection like Guarantees, which complement the counterparty’s ability to fulfill its obligation

under the legal contract and as such is provided by uncorrelated third parties. Letters of credit, credit insurance,

export credit insurance, guarantees, credit derivatives and (unfunded) risk participations typically fall into this

category. Guarantees and strong letters of comfort provided by correlated group members of customers (generally

the parent company) may also be accepted and considered in approved rating approaches; guarantee collateral with a

non-investment grade rating of the guarantor is limited

Deutsche Bank’s processes seek to ensure that the collateral accepted for risk mitigation purposes is of high quality. This

includes processes to generally ensure legally effective and enforceable documentation for realizable and measurable

collateral or assets which are evaluated within the on-boarding process by dedicated internal appraisers or teams with

the respective qualification, skills and experience or adequate external valuers mandated in regulated processes. The

applied valuations follow generally accepted valuation methods or models and include the identification of material

climate physical and transition risks. Ongoing correctness of values is monitored by collateral type-specific,

appropriately frequent, and event-driven reviews considering relevant risk parameters. Revaluations are applied in cases

of identified probable material deterioration and future monitoring may be adjusted respectively. The assessment of the

suitability of collateral for a specific transaction is part of the credit decision and must be undertaken in a conservative

way. Deutsche Bank strives to avoid “wrong-way” risk characteristics where the counterparty’s risk is positively correlated

with the risk of deterioration in the collateral value. If collateral with material correlation risk is accepted anyhow, a

potential impact on its value is considered conservatively in the valuation. For unfunded credit protection like

guarantees, the process for the analysis of the guarantor’s creditworthiness is aligned to the credit assessment process

for credit-relevant counterparties.

For funded collateral, the value depends on the type and quality of the respective collateral as well as its suitability for

third-party use, its lifespan and other value-influencing factors. Haircuts reflecting risks of liquidation in a default

scenario are implicitly considered in the LGD estimation. Collateral can either move in value over time (dynamic value) or

not (static value). Deutsche Bank uses value deductions to reflect i.a.:

–price fluctuations,

–insufficient third-party usability,

–limitations on liquidation/realization,

–currency mismatch between the secured exposure and the collateral,

–maturity mismatch,

–environmental risks,

–asset specific aspects (age-related discounts, encumbrances and restrictions),

–correlation between the performance of the borrower and the value of the collateral, e.g., in the case of the pledge of

a borrower’s own shares or securities (in this case generally full correlation leads to a 100% value deduction).

These value deductions are either applied within the scope of the assessment and hence directly considered in the

market value or deducted afterwards.

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Risk transfers

Risk transfers to third parties form a key part of the bank’s overall risk management process and are executed in various

forms, including outright sales, hedging, and securitizations (significant risk transfers). Risk transfers are conducted by

the respective business units and/or by Strategic Corporate Lending (SCL), in accordance with specifically approved

mandates.

Strategic Corporate Lending manages the credit risk of loans and lending-related commitments of the institutional and

corporate credit portfolio, the leveraged lending portfolio and the medium-sized German companies’ portfolio across the

bank’s Corporate Bank and Investment Bank segments. SCL closely monitors significant risk transfers (SRT) to avoid loan

maturities exceeding the credit protection with replenishment periods allowing to roll hedges and mitigate rollover risk

that might be caused by volatility in the SRT issuance market. In addition, the majority of Deutsche Bank’s SRTs are

structured as fully funded credit linked notes, removing counterparty credit risk.

Acting as a central pricing reference, Strategic Corporate Lending provides the businesses with an observed or derived

capital market rate for loan applications; however, the decision of whether or not the business can enter into the credit

risk remains exclusively with Credit Risk Management.

Strategic Corporate Lending focuses on, managing risk return and single-name credit risk concentrations within the

credit portfolio and by utilizing techniques including loan sales, securitization (significant risk transfer), sub-participations

and credit default swaps.

Netting and collateral arrangements for derivatives and securities financing transactions

Netting (i.e., credit line netting for purposes of the internal capital adequacy assessment process under the Capital

Requirements Directive (Directive 2013/36/EU) and regulatory netting under CRR) is applicable to both exchange traded

derivatives and OTC derivatives (whether cleared or uncleared). Netting is also applied to securities financing

transactions (e.g., repurchase, securities lending and margin lending transactions) as far as documentation, structure and

nature of the risk mitigation allow netting with the underlying credit risk in accordance with applicable law and the

bank’s Financial Contracts Netting and Collateral KOD – Legal ( “Netting Policy”). While cross-product netting between

derivatives and securities financing transactions may be used in certain cases, the bank does not make use of cross-

product netting for regulatory purposes.

All exchange traded derivatives are cleared through Central Counterparties (CCPs), which interpose themselves between

the trading entities by becoming the counterparty to each of the entities. Where legally required or where available and

to the extent agreed with the bank’s counterparties, Deutsche Bank also uses CCP clearing for its OTC derivative

transactions.

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The Dodd-Frank Act and related Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) rules require CCP clearing in the

United States for certain standardized OTC derivative transactions, including certain interest rate swaps and index credit

default swaps, subject to limited exceptions when facing certain counterparties. The European Regulation (EU) No

648/2012 on OTC Derivatives, CCPs and Trade Repositories (EMIR) and the Commission Delegated Regulations (EU)

2015/2205, (EU) 2015/592 and (EU) 2016/1178 based thereupon introduced mandatory CCP clearing in the EU for

certain standardized OTC derivatives transactions. Mandatory CCP clearing in the EU began for certain interest rate

derivatives on June 21, 2016 and for certain iTraxx-based credit derivatives and additional interest rate derivatives on

February 9, 2017. Article 4 (2) of EMIR authorizes competent authorities to exempt intragroup transactions from

mandatory CCP clearing, provided certain requirements, such as full consolidation of the intragroup transactions and the

application of an appropriate centralized risk evaluation, measurement and control procedure are met. The bank

successfully applied for the clearing exemption for a number of its regulatory-consolidated subsidiaries with intragroup

derivatives, including e.g., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A. As of December 31, 2025,

the bank is allowed to make use of intragroup exemptions from the EMIR clearing obligation for a number of bilateral

intragroup relationships. The extent of the exemptions differs as not all entities enter into relevant transaction types

subject to the clearing obligation. Of the intragroup relationships, some are relationships where both entities are

established in the European Union (EU) for which a full exemption has been granted, and most are relationships where

one is established in a third country (“Third Country Relationship”). Third Country Relationships required repeat

applications for each new asset class being subject to the clearing obligation; the process took place in the course of

2017. Due to “Brexit”, the status of some group entities has changed from an EU entity to a third country entity, but there

has been no impact for the bank in respect of clearing exemptions. Due to amendments of EMIR entering into force

December 31, 2025, there were some changes to the intragroup exemption requirements, but, as a matter of principle,

Deutsche Bank is able to continue to use pre-existing clearing exemptions.

The rules and regulations of CCPs typically provide for the bilateral set off of all amounts payable on the same day and in

the same currency (“payment netting”) thereby reducing the bank’s settlement risk. Depending on the business model

applied by the CCP, this payment netting applies either to all of the bank’s derivatives cleared by the CCP or at least to

those that form part of the same class of derivatives. Many CCPs’ rules and regulations also provide for the termination,

close-out and netting of all cleared transactions upon the CCP’s default (“close-out netting”), which reduces the bank’s

credit risk. In its risk measurement and risk assessment processes Deutsche Bank applies close-out netting only to the

extent Deutsche Bank believes that the relevant CCP’s close-out netting provisions are legally valid and enforceable and

have been approved in accordance with the bank’s Netting Policy.

In order to reduce the credit risk resulting from OTC derivative transactions, where CCP clearing is not available,

Deutsche Bank regularly seeks the execution of standard master agreements (such as master agreements for derivatives

published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (ISDA) or the German Master Agreement for

Financial Derivative Transactions with the bank’s counterparties. A master agreement allows for the close-out netting of

rights and obligations arising under derivative transactions that have been entered into under such a master agreement

upon the counterparty’s default, resulting in a single net claim owed by or to the counterparty. Payment netting may be

agreed from time to time with the bank’s counterparties for multiple transactions having the same payment dates (e.g.,

foreign exchange transactions) pursuant to the terms of master agreements which can, reduce the bank’s settlement risk.

In its risk measurement and risk assessment processes Deutsche Bank applies close-out netting only to the extent

Deutsche Bank has concluded that the master agreement is legally valid and enforceable in all relevant jurisdictions and

the recognition of close-out netting has been approved in accordance with the bank’s Netting Policy.

Deutsche Bank also enters into credit support annexes (CSAs) to master agreements in order to further reduce the bank’s

derivatives-related credit risk. These annexes generally provide risk mitigation through periodic, usually daily, margining

of the covered exposure. The CSAs also provide for the right to terminate the related derivative transactions upon the

counterparty’s failure to honor a margin call. As with netting, when Deutsche Bank believes the annex is enforceable,

Deutsche Bank reflects this in its exposure measurement.

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Certain CSAs to master agreements provide for rating-dependent triggers, where additional collateral must be pledged if

a party’s rating is downgraded. Deutsche Bank also enters into master agreements that provide for an additional

termination event upon a party’s rating downgrade. These downgrade provisions in CSAs and master agreements usually

apply to both parties but in some agreements may apply to Deutsche Bank only. Deutsche Bank analyzes and monitors

its potential contingent payment obligations resulting from a rating downgrade in its stress testing and liquidity coverage

ratio approach for liquidity risk on an ongoing basis. For an assessment of the quantitative impact of a downgrading of

the bank’s credit rating please refer to table “Stress Testing Results” in the section “Liquidity Risk”.

The Dodd-Frank Act and CFTC rules thereunder, including CFTC rule § 23.504, as well as EMIR and Commission

Delegated Regulation based thereon, namely Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/2251, introduced the

mandatory use of master agreements and related CSAs, which must be executed prior to or contemporaneously with

entering into an uncleared OTC derivative transaction. Certain documentation is also required by the U.S. margin rules

adopted by U.S. prudential regulators. Under the U.S. prudential regulators’ margin rules, Deutsche Bank is required to

post and collect initial margin for its uncleared derivatives exposures with other derivatives dealers, as well as with the

bank’s counterparties that (i) are “financial end users,” as that term is defined in the U.S. margin rules, and (ii) have an

average daily aggregate notional amount of uncleared swaps, uncleared security-based swaps, foreign exchange

forwards and foreign exchange swaps exceeding U.S.$ 8 billion in June, July and August of the previous calendar year.

The U.S. margin rules additionally requires Deutsche Bank to post and collect variation margin for its derivatives with

other derivatives dealers and certain financial end user counterparties. These margin requirements are subject to a

U.S.$ 50 million threshold for initial margin, but no threshold for variation margin, with a combined U.S.$ 500,000

minimum transfer amount. The U.S. margin requirements have been in effect for large banks since September 2016,

with additional variation margin requirements having come into effect March 1, 2017 and additional initial margin

requirements having been phased in from September 2017 through September 2022.

Under Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/2251, which implements the EMIR margin requirements, the CSA

must provide for daily valuation and daily variation margining based on a zero threshold and a minimum transfer

amount of not more than € 500,000. For large derivative exposures exceeding € 8 billion, initial margin has to be

posted as well. The variation margin requirements under EMIR apply as of March 1, 2017; the initial margin

requirements originally were subject to a staged phase-in until September 1, 2021. However, legislative changes

published on February 17, 2021 extended deadlines into 2022. Under Article 31 of Commission Delegated Regulation

(EU) 2016/2251, an EU party may decide to not exchange margin with counterparties in certain non-netting

jurisdictions provided certain requirements are met. Pursuant to Article 11 (5) to (10) of EMIR, competent authorities

are authorized to exempt intragroup transactions from the margining obligation, provided certain requirements are

met. While some of those requirements are the same as for the EMIR clearing exemptions (see above), there are

additional requirements such as the absence of any current or foreseen practical or legal impediment to the prompt

transfer of funds or repayment of liabilities between intragroup counterparties. The bank is making use of this

exemption. The bank has successfully applied for the collateral exemption for some of its regulatory-consolidated

subsidiaries with intragroup derivatives, including, e.g., Deutsche Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Luxembourg S.A.

As of December 31, 2025, the bank is allowed to use intragroup exemptions from the EMIR collateral obligation for a

number of bilateral intragroup relationships which are published under db.com/legal-resources/european-market-

infrastructure-regulation/intra-group-exemptions-margining. For some bilateral intragroup relationships, the EMIR

margining exemption may be used based on Article 11 (5) of EMIR, i.e., without the need for any application or

publication, because both entities are established in the same EU Member State. For third country subsidiaries, the

intragroup exemption was originally limited until the earlier of June 30, 2025 and four months after the publication of

an equivalence decision by the EU Commission under Article 13(2) EMIR, unless, in the case of an equivalence decision

being applicable, a follow-up exemption application is made and granted. With the EMIR amendments having entered

into force on 24 December 2024 (Regulation (EU) 2024/2987), a so-called “equivalence decision” is no longer a

requirement for a margin exemption. As a matter of principle, Deutsche Bank is able to continue to use pre-existing

margin exemptions.

Concentrations within credit risk mitigation

Concentrations within credit risk mitigations taken may occur if a number of guarantors and credit derivative providers

with similar economic characteristics are engaged in comparable activities with changes in economic or industry

conditions affecting their ability to meet contractual obligations. Concentration risk may also occur in collateral

portfolios (e.g., multiple claims and receivables against third parties) which are considered conservatively within the

valuation process and/or on-site inspections where applicable. Deutsche Bank uses a range of tools and metrics to

monitor its credit risk mitigating activities and potential concentrations.

For more qualitative and quantitative details in relation to the application of credit risk mitigation and potential

concentration effects please refer to the section “Maximum exposure to credit risk”.

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Managing credit risk on portfolio level

Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management (ETRM) sets the framework for the management of concentration risks at a

portfolio level. This includes strategically setting, monitoring, reviewing, reporting, and controlling credit risk appetites

across various dimensions such as Deutsche Bank Group, Corporate Division, Business Unit , legal entity, branch, country,

and industry level that need to be considered in the context of credit approvals. ETRM is also responsible for calibrating

and monitoring the single name counterparty concentration grid that provides guidance to credit officers on limit sizing

at counterparty level. In addition, ETRM provides a comprehensive and holistic view of the bank’s risk profile across risk

types.

On a portfolio level, significant concentrations of credit risk could result from having material exposures to a number of

counterparties with similar economic characteristics, or who are engaged in comparable activities, where these

similarities may cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be affected in the same manner by changes in

economic or industry conditions.

Deutsche Bank’s portfolio management framework supports a comprehensive assessment of concentrations within its

credit risk portfolio in order to keep concentrations within acceptable levels.

Emerging Risks and portfolio developments are discussed at the monthly Credit Risk and Portfolio Management Forum

which includes representation from senior credit risk managers including the Head of Credit Risk Management, as well as

senior managers from ETRM.

Industry risk management

To manage industry risk, Deutsche Bank has grouped its corporate and financial institutions counterparties into various

industry sub-portfolios. Portfolios are regularly reviewed at least on an annual basis. Reviews highlight industry

developments and risks to the bank’s credit portfolio, review cross-risk concentration risks, analyze the risk/reward

profile of the portfolio and incorporate the results of an economic downside stress test. Finally, this analysis is used to

define the credit strategies and risk appetite for respective industries. The setting of industry risk appetite takes into

consideration the group-wide credit risk appetite.

In the bank’s industry risk management framework, thresholds are established by ETRM for aggregate credit limits to

counterparties within each industry sub-portfolio. For risk management purposes, the aggregation of limits across

industry sectors follows an internal risk view that does not have to be congruent with NACE (Nomenclature statistique

des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne) code-based view applied elsewhere in this report.

Beyond credit risk, the bank’s industry risk framework comprises of thresholds for Traded Credit Positions while key

industry relevant non-financial risks are considered.

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Country risk management

Avoiding undue concentrations from a regional and country perspective is also an integral part of the bank’s credit risk

management framework. In order to achieve this, country risk thresholds are set for countries in Non-Japan Asia, Central

Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa and Latin America as well as selected Developed Markets countries (based on

internal country risk ratings). These thresholds are set for aggregate exposures to all counterparties assigned to specific

‘country of risk’. The counterparty’s ‘country of risk’ reflects its main (macro) economic risk, balance sheet earnings,

jurisdiction, or other financial dependencies. Country of risk is typically aligned with the counterparty’s 'country of

domicile’. As such, for the bank’s country risk management purposes, the aggregation of exposures across countries may

differ from the geographical exposure view applied elsewhere in this report.

Country portfolios are regularly reviewed with the frequency of review dependent on portfolio size and risk profile as well

as risk developments. Larger/riskier portfolios are reviewed at least on an annual basis. These reviews assess amongst

other factors, key macroeconomic and political risk developments and outlook; portfolio composition, quality

developments and risk concentrations under normal and stress conditions. Based on this and taking into account the

Group’s Risk Appetite and strategy, country risk appetite and strategies are set by ETRM.

In addition to country thresholds, thresholds are set to monitor country-on-country wrong-way risk exposure. Beyond

credit risk, the bank’s country risk framework comprises thresholds for trading positions that measure the aggregate

market value of traded credit risk positions. For Emerging Markets, market risk thresholds are also set to measure the

profit and loss impact under specific country stress scenarios on trading positions across the bank’s portfolio.

Furthermore, thresholds are set for capital and intra-group funding exposure of Deutsche Bank entities in above

countries given the transfer risk inherent in these cross-border positions. Key non-financial risks are considered and

factored into financial threshold setting considerations where relevant. To assess country risk, Deutsche Bank utilizes

different measures including country risk ratings that are set and monitored by the research team within ETRM. These

ratings include:

–Sovereign default ratings which measure the probability of the sovereign defaulting on its foreign or local currency

obligations

–Transfer risk ratings which measure the probability of a “transfer risk event”, i.e., the risk that an otherwise solvent

debtor is unable to meet its obligations due to inability to obtain foreign currency or to transfer assets as a result of

direct sovereign intervention

All sovereign and transfer risk ratings are reviewed, at least on an annual basis.

Climate and environmental risk management

The bank established a dedicated framework for the management of climate and environmental risks. The framework

sets out key requirements around governance, risk identification and materiality assessment, risk appetite, risk

monitoring, controls and stress testing.

Concentrations of climate and environmental risks are monitored, via dedicated reports, by key committees of the Bank

(e.g., the Group Risk Committee), and are managed through:

–Risk Appetite thresholds around the bank’s decarbonization targets, established for eight priority sectors (Upstream

Oil and Gas, Power Generation, Automotive - Light Duty, Steel, Coal Mining, Cement and Aviation) and the overall

financed emissions of the Corporate Loan Book

–Early Warning Indicators, established across different portfolios (Corporates, Sovereigns and Financial Institutions) for

climate-transition, climate-physical and nature-related risks

New transactions with a significant impact on the bank’s financed emissions and/or net zero targets are reviewed by the

Group Net Zero Forum consisting of senior representatives from the Business, Risk, and the Chief Sustainability Office.

The review of the forum’s members includes an assessment of client sustainability disclosures, transition strategies,

decarbonization targets and governance. New transactions must fit within Deutsche Bank’s internal sectoral risk appetite

aligned to net zero targets. In 2024 and continuing in 2025, the Group-level sectoral risk appetite metrics were cascaded

to the divisions, to enhance their responsibility and support their business strategies. In this context, dedicated Divisional

Net Zero Fora in the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank have been established.

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Product/Asset class specific risk management

Complementary to the bank’s counterparty, industry and country risk approach, Deutsche Bank has a framework to

manage certain asset class risk concentrations and sets limits or thresholds where required for risk management

purposes. For purposes of DB’s internal portfolio risk management, asset classes are groups of financial exposures that

exhibit similar performance and behaviors in both normal operating conditions and under severe stress. The exposures in

an asset class will typically have a common characteristic or sensitivity to the same economic and/or market factors and

business, legal and regulatory developments. When such characteristic or sensitivity is triggered, transactions in the

asset class may react and perform in a similar manner. These are portfolios which the bank’s Risk division considers as

having the potential for sizable tail risks and require additional monitoring. Group-wide credit risk appetite is considered

in the setting of asset class risk limits or thresholds.

Private Bank and certain Corporate Bank businesses are managed via product-specific strategies setting the bank’s risk

appetite for portfolios with similar credit risk characteristics, such as the retail portfolios of mortgages and consumer

finance products as well as products for business clients. Risk analyses are performed on portfolio level including further

breakdown into business units as well as countries/regions. In Wealth Management, target levels are set for global

concentrations along products as well as based on type and liquidity of collateral.

Underwriting of capital markets transactions

Specific focus is placed on transactions with underwriting risks where Deutsche Bank underwrites commitments with the

intention to sell down or distribute part of the risk to third parties. These commitments include the undertaking to

provide bank loans for syndication into the debt capital market and bridge loans for the issuance of notes. The inherent

risks of being unsuccessful in the distribution of the facilities or the placement of the notes, comprise of a delayed

distribution, funding of the underlying loans as well as a pricing risk as some underwriting commitments are additionally

exposed to market risk in the form of widening credit spreads. Where applicable, Deutsche Bank dynamically hedges this

credit spread risk to be within the approved market risk limit framework.

A major asset class, in which Deutsche Bank is active in underwriting, is leverage lending, which Deutsche Bank mainly

executes through its Leveraged Debt Capital Markets business unit. The business model is a fee-based‚ originate to

distribute approach focused on the distribution of largely unfunded underwriting commitments into the capital market.

The afore-mentioned risks regarding distribution and credit spread movement apply to this business unit, however, are

managed under a range of specific notional as well as market risk limits. The latter require the business to also hedge its

underwriting pipeline against market dislocations. The fee-based model of the bank’s Leveraged Debt Capital Markets

business unit includes a restrictive approach to single-name risk concentrations retained on Deutsche Bank’s balance

sheet, which results in a diversified overall portfolio without any material concentrations. The resulting longer-term on-

balance sheet portfolio is also subject to a comprehensive credit limit and hedging framework.

Deutsche Bank also provides material underwriting activity through its Debt Capital Markets desk which is focused on

supporting Investment Grade and cross-over rated corporate borrowers, usually in connection with M&A transaction

financing. These exposures are typically 12-24 month bridge loans, which are expected to be repaid by syndicated loans

and/or capital markets issuance by the borrower. Deutsche Bank does not bear market placement or pricing risk on these

exposures but faces funding risk and credit risk for the duration of the commitment, which are managed through notional

underwriting limits for the Group and an industry concentration framework.

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Market Risk Management

Market risk framework

The vast majority of Deutsche Bank’s businesses are subject to market risk, defined as the potential for change in the

market value of the Group’s trading and invested positions. Risk can arise from changes in interest rates, credit spreads,

foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices and other relevant parameters, such as market volatility and

market implied default probabilities. The market risk can affect accounting, economic and regulatory views of the

exposure.

Market Risk Management is part of Deutsche Bank’s independent Risk function and sits within the Market and Valuations

Risk Management group. One of the primary objectives of Market Risk Management is to ensure that the business units’

risk exposure is within the approved risk appetite commensurate with its defined strategy. To achieve this objective,

Market Risk Management works closely together with risk takers (“the business units”) and other control and support

groups.

The Group distinguishes between three substantially different types of market risk:

–Trading market risk arises primarily through the market-making and client facilitation activities of the Investment Bank

segment. This involves taking positions in debt, equity, foreign exchange, other securities and commodities as well as

in equivalent derivatives

–Traded default risk arising from defaults and rating migrations relating to trading instruments

–Non-trading market risk arises from market movements, primarily outside the activities of the trading units, in the

banking book and from off-balance sheet items; this includes interest rate risk, credit spread risk, investment risk and

foreign exchange risk as well as market risk arising from pension schemes, guaranteed funds and equity

compensation; non-trading market risk also includes risk from the modeling of client deposits as well as savings and

loan products

Market Risk Management governance is designed and established to promote oversight of all market risks, effective

decision-making and timely escalation to senior management.

Market Risk Management defines and implements a framework to systematically identify, assess, monitor and report the

Group’s market risk. Market risk managers identify market risks through active portfolio analysis and engagement with the

business units.

Market risk measurement

The Group aims to accurately measure all types of market risks by a comprehensive set of risk metrics embedding

accounting, economic and regulatory considerations.

The market risks are measured by several internally developed key risk metrics and regulatory defined market risk

approaches.

Trading market risk

The Group’s primary mechanism to manage trading market risk is the application of the bank’s risk appetite framework, of

which the limit framework is a key component. The Management Board, supported by Market Risk Management, sets

group-wide value-at-risk, economic capital and portfolio stress testing limits for market risk in the trading book. Market

Risk Management allocates this overall appetite to the business segments and their individual business units based on

established and agreed business plans. Deutsche Bank also has business aligned heads within Market Risk Management

who establish business unit limits, by allocating the limit down to individual portfolios, geographical regions and types of

market risks.

Value-at-risk, economic capital and portfolio stress testing limits are used for managing all types of market risk at an

overall portfolio level. As an additional and important complementary tool for managing certain portfolios or risk types,

Market Risk Management performs risk analysis and business specific stress testing. Limits are also set on sensitivity and

concentration/liquidity, exposure, business-level stress testing and event risk scenarios, taking into consideration

business plans and the risk versus return assessment.

Business units are responsible for adhering to the limits against which exposures are monitored and reported. The market

risk limits set by Market Risk Management are monitored on a daily, weekly and monthly basis, dependent on the risk

management tool being used.

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Internally developed market risk models

Value-at-Risk (VaR)

VaR is a quantitative measure of the potential loss (in value) of Fair Value positions due to market movements that should

not be exceeded in a defined period of time and with a defined confidence level.

The Group’s value-at-risk for the trading businesses is based on historical simulation model (internal model approach)

predominantly utilizing full revaluation, although some portfolios remain on a sensitivity-based approach. The approach

is used for both Risk Management and capital requirements.

Risk management VaR is calibrated to a 99% confidence level and a one-day holding period. This means we estimate

there is a 1 in 100 chance that a mark-to-market loss from the bank´s trading positions will be at least as large as the

reported VaR. For regulatory capital purposes, the VaR model is calibrated to a 99% confidence interval and a ten-day

holding period.

The calculation employs a historical simulation technique that uses one-year of historical market data as input and

observed correlations between the risk factors during this one-year period.

The VaR model is designed to take into account a comprehensive set of risk factors across all asset classes. Key risk

factors are swap/government curves, index and issuer-specific credit curves, single equity and index prices, foreign

exchange rates, commodity prices as well as their implied volatilities. To help ensure completeness in the risk coverage,

second order risk factors, e.g., money market basis, implied dividends, option-adjusted spreads and precious metals lease

rates are also considered in the VaR calculation. The list of risk factors included in the VaR model is reviewed regularly

and enhanced as part of ongoing model performance reviews.

The model incorporates both linear and, especially for derivatives, nonlinear impacts predominantly through a full

revaluation approach but it also utilizes a sensitivity-based approach for certain portfolios. The full revaluation approach

uses the historical changes to risk factors as input to pricing functions. Whilst this approach is computationally

expensive, it does yield a more accurate view of market risk for nonlinear positions, especially under stressed scenarios.

The sensitivity-based approach uses sensitivities to underlying risk factors in combination with historical changes to

those risk factors.

For each business unit a separate VaR is calculated for each risk type, e.g., interest rate risk, credit spread risk, equity risk,

foreign exchange risk and commodity risk. “Diversification effect” reflects the fact that the total VaR on a given day will

be lower than the sum of the VaR relating to the individual risk types. Simply adding the VaR figures of the individual risk

types to arrive at an aggregate VaR would imply the assumption that the losses in all risk types occur simultaneously.

VaR enables the Group to apply a consistent measure across the fair value exposures. It allows a comparison of risk in

different businesses, and also provides a means of aggregating and netting positions within a portfolio to reflect

correlations and offsets between different asset classes. Furthermore, it facilitates comparisons of the market risk both

over time and against the daily trading results.

When using VaR results a number of considerations should be taken into account. These include:

–The use of historical market data may not be a good indicator of potential future events, particularly those that are

extreme in nature; this “backward-looking” limitation can cause VaR to understate future potential losses (as in

financial credit crisis 2008/09), but can also cause it to be overstated immediately following a period of significant

stress (as in COVID-19 pandemic)

–The one day holding period does not fully capture the market risk arising during periods of illiquidity, when positions

cannot be closed out or hedged within one day

–VaR does not indicate the potential loss beyond the 99th quantile

–Intra-day risk is not reflected in the end of day VaR calculation

–There may be risks in the trading or banking book that are not fully captured in the VaR model (either partially

captured or missing entirely)

The process of systematically capturing and evaluating risks currently not captured in the bank’s VaR model has been

further developed and improved. An assessment is made to determine the level of materiality of these risks and material

risks are prioritized for inclusion in the bank’s internal model. Risks not in VaR are monitored and assessed on a regular

basis through the Risk Not In VaR (RNIV) framework. This framework is consistent with the Historical Simulation approach

which in turn yields a more accurate estimate of the contribution of these missing items and their potential capitalization.

Deutsche Bank is committed to the ongoing development of the internal risk models, and substantial resources are

allocated to review, validate and improve them.

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Stressed Value-at-Risk

Stressed Value-at-Risk (SVaR) calculates a stressed value-at-risk measure based on a one year period of significant

market stress. The Group calculates a stressed value-at-risk measure using a 99% confidence level. Stressed VaR is

calculated with a holding period of ten days. The SVaR calculation utilizes the same systems, trade information and

processes as those used for the calculation of value-at-risk. The only difference is that historical market data and

observed correlations from a period of significant financial stress (i.e., characterized by high volatilities) are used as an

input for the historical simulation.

The stress period selection process for the stressed value-at-risk calculation is based on the comparison of VaR

calculated using historical time windows compared to the current SVaR. If a historical window produces a VaR which is

higher than the current SVaR, it is further investigated and the SVaR window can subsequently be updated accordingly.

This process runs on a quarterly basis.

During 2025, the stress period selection process for the Group was conducted as outlined above. As a result, the SVaR

window used at various periods in 2025 included the financial credit crisis of 2008/09, the European sovereign crisis of

2011/12 and COVID-19 crisis of 2019/20

Incremental Risk Charge

Incremental Risk Charge captures default and credit rating migration risks for credit-sensitive positions in the trading

book. The Group uses a Monte Carlo Simulation for calculating incremental risk charge as the 99.9% quantile of the

portfolio loss distribution over a one-year capital horizon under a constant position approach and for allocating

contributory incremental risk charge to individual positions.

The model captures the default and migration risk in an accurate and consistent quantitative approach for all portfolios.

Important parameters for the incremental risk charge calculation are exposures, recovery rates, maturities, ratings with

corresponding default and migration probabilities and parameters specifying issuer correlations.

Market risk standardized approach

The Market Risk Standardized Approach (MRSA) is used to determine the regulatory capital charge for the specific

market risk of trading book securitizations, for certain types of investment funds and for longevity risk as set out in CRR/

CRD regulations.

Trading market risk economic capital

Deutsche Bank’s market risk economic capital migrated to historical simulation approach from Monte Carlo in the second

quarter of 2025. This aligns the scenario generation concept in economic capital calculation with the one used for

regulatory capital. The model comprises two core components, the “common risk” component covering risk drivers

across all businesses and the “business-specific risk” component, which enriches the Common Risk via a suite of Business

Specific Stress Tests. Both components are calibrated to historically observed severe market shocks. Common risk is

calculated using a scaled version of the SVaR framework while Business Specific Stress Tests are designed to capture

more product/business-related bespoke risks (e.g., complex basis risks) as well as higher order risks not captured in the

common risk component.

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Traded default risk economic capital

The Traded Default Risk Economic Capital captures the relevant credit exposures across Deutsche Bank’s trading and

fair value banking books. Trading book exposures are monitored by Market Risk Management via single name

concentration and portfolio thresholds which are set based upon rating, size and liquidity. Single name concentration risk

thresholds are set for two key metrics: Default Exposure, i.e., the P&L impact of an instantaneous default at the current

recovery rate, and bond equivalent Market Value, i.e., default exposure at 0% recovery. In order to capture diversification

and concentration effects, a joint calculation for traded default risk economic capital and credit risk economic capital is

performed. Important parameters for the calculation of traded default risk are exposures, recovery rates and default

probabilities as well as maturities. The probability of joint rating downgrades and defaults is determined by the default

and rating correlations of the portfolio model. These correlations are specified through systematic factors that represent

countries, geographical regions and industries.

Trading market risk reporting

Market Risk Management reporting creates transparency on the risk profile and facilitates the understanding of core

market risk drivers to all levels of the organization. The Management Board and Senior Governance Committees receive

regular reporting, as well as ad hoc reporting as required, on market risk, regulatory capital and stress testing. Senior Risk

Committees receive risk information at a number of frequencies, including weekly or monthly.

Additionally, Market Risk Management produces daily and weekly Market Risk specific reports and daily limit utilization

reports for each business owner.

Regulatory prudent valuation of assets carried at fair value

Pursuant to Article 34 CRR, institutions shall apply the prudent valuation requirements of Article 105 CRR to all assets

measured at fair value and shall deduct from CET 1 capital the amount of any additional value adjustments necessary.

Deutsche Bank determined the amount of the additional value adjustments based on the methodology defined in the

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/101.

As of December 31, 2025, the amount of the additional value adjustments was €1.7 billion. The December 31, 2024,

amount was €1.7 billion. No material changes noted year-on-year.

As of December 31, 2025, the reduction of the expected loss from subtracting the additional value adjustments was €80

million, which partly mitigated the negative impact of the additional value adjustments on the bank’s CET 1 capital.

Non-trading market risk

Non-trading market risk arises primarily from activities outside of the trading units, in the banking book, including pension

schemes and guarantees, and embedding considerations of different accounting treatments of transactions. Significant

market risk factors to which the Group is exposed and are overseen by risk management groups in that area are interest

rate risk (including risk from embedded optionality and changes in behavioral patterns for certain product types), credit

spread risk, foreign exchange risk (including structural foreign exchange risk) and equity risk (including equity

compensation related risk and investments in public and private equity as well as real estate, infrastructure and fund

assets).

As for trading market risks the Group’s risk appetite and limit framework is also applied to manage the exposure to non-

trading market risk. At Group level those are captured by limits set by the Management Board for market risk economic

capital capturing exposures to all market risks across asset classes, and for earnings and economic value based metrics

for interest rate risk in the banking book. Those limits are cascaded down by Market Risk Management to the divisional or

portfolio level. The limit framework for non-trading market risk exposure is further complemented by a set of business

specific stress tests, value-at-risk & sensitivity limits monitored on a daily or monthly basis dependent on the risk measure

being used.

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Interest rate risk in the banking book

Interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) is the current or prospective risk, to both the Group's capital and earnings,

arising from movements in interest rates, which affect the Group's banking book exposures. This includes gap risk, which

arises from the term structure of banking book instruments, basis risk, which describes the impact of relative changes in

interest rates for financial instruments that are priced using different interest rate curves, as well as option risk, which

arises from option derivative positions or from optional elements embedded in financial instruments.

The Group manages its IRRBB exposures using economic value as well as earnings based measures. The Group Treasury

function is mandated to manage the interest rate risk centrally, with Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management acting as

2nd Line of Defense (LoD). The Group Asset & Liability Committee (ALCo) oversees and steers the Group’s structural

interest risk position and the management of the net interest income. The ALCo monitors the sensitivity of financial

resources and associated metrics to key market parameters such as interest rate curves and oversees adherence to

divisional/business financial resource limits.

Economic value based measures analyze the change in economic value of banking book assets, liabilities and off-balance

sheet exposures resulting from interest rate movements, independent of the accounting treatment. Thereby the Group

measures the change in economic value of equity (∆EVE) as the maximum decrease of the banking book economic value

under the six standard scenarios defined by the EBA in addition to internal stress scenarios for risk steering purposes. For

the reporting of internal stress scenarios and risk appetite, the Group applies several modelling assumptions as used in

this disclosure. When aggregating the change in economic value of equity ∆EVE across different currencies, the Group

adds up negative and positive changes without applying weight factors for positive changes. Furthermore, the Group is

using behavioral model assumptions for the interest rate duration of own equity capital as well as non-maturity deposits

from financial institutions.

Earnings-based measures analyze the expected change in net interest income (NII) resulting from interest rate

movements over a defined time horizon, compared to a defined benchmark scenario. Thereby the Group measures the

change in net interest income (∆NII) as the maximum reduction under the six standard scenarios defined by the EBA in

addition to internal stress scenarios for risk steering purposes, compared to a market implied curve scenario, over a

period of 12 months.

The Group employs mitigation techniques to hedge the interest rate risk arising from non-trading positions within given

limits. The interest rate risk arising from non-trading asset and liability positions is managed by the Treasury Markets &

Investments team, part of Group Treasury. Thereby the Group uses derivatives and applies different hedge accounting

techniques such as fair value hedge accounting or cash flow hedge accounting. For fair value hedges, the Group uses

interest rate swaps and options contracts to manage the fair value movements of fixed rate financial instruments due to

changes in benchmark interest rate. For hedges in the context of the cash flow hedge accounting, the Group uses

interest rate swaps to manage the exposure to cash flow variability of the variable rate instruments as a result of changes

in benchmark interest rates.

The Group assesses and measures hedge effectiveness of a hedging relationship based on the change in the fair value or

cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument relative to the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item

attributable to the hedged risk.

The Model Risk Management function performs independent validation of models used for IRRBB measurement, as for all

market risk models, in line with Deutsche Bank’s group-wide risk governance framework.

The calculation of VaR and sensitivities of interest rate risk is performed daily, whereas the measurement and reporting of

economic value interest rate and earnings risk is performed on a monthly basis. The Group generally uses the same

metrics in its internal management systems as it applies for the disclosure in this report.

Deutsche Bank’s key modelling assumptions are applied to the positions in the Private Bank and Corporate Bank

segments. Those positions are subject to risk of changes in clients’ behavior with regard to their deposits as well as loan

products. The Group regularly tests (at least annually) the assumptions and updates them where appropriate following a

defined governance process.

The Group manages the interest rate risk exposure of its non-maturity deposits through a replicating portfolio approach

to determine the average repricing maturity of the portfolio. For the purpose of constructing the replicating portfolio,

the portfolio of non-maturity deposits is clustered by dimensions such as business unit, currency, product and

geographical location. The main dimensions influencing the repricing maturity are elasticity of deposit rates to market

interest rates, volatility of deposit balances and observable client behavior. For the reporting period the average

repricing maturity assigned across all such replicating portfolios is 2.44 years and Deutsche Bank uses 15 years as the

longest repricing maturity.

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In the loan and some of the term deposit products Deutsche Bank considers early prepayment/withdrawal behavior of its

customers. The parameters are based on historical observations, statistical analyses and expert assessments.

Furthermore, the Group generally calculates IRRBB related metrics in contractual currencies and aggregates the

resulting metrics for reporting purposes. When calculating economic value based metrics the commercial margin is

excluded for material parts of the balance sheet.

Credit spread risk in the banking book

Deutsche Bank is exposed to credit spread risk in the Banking Book (CSRBB) mainly from bonds held by Treasury for

liquidity reserve and asset liability interest rate risk management activities. The credit spread risk in the banking book is

managed by Treasury and the businesses, with Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management acting as an independent

oversight function ensuring that the exposure is within the approved risk appetite. The perimeter for the measurement

and monitoring of CSRBB exposure extends beyond fair value assets and liabilities and also includes positions accounted

for at amortized cost whose pricing is linked to an observable market benchmark. The calculation of credit spread

sensitivities and value-at-risk for material credit spread exposure is in general performed on a daily basis. The

measurement and reporting of economic capital and specific CSRBB stress tests are performed on a monthly basis.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk arises from non-trading asset and liability positions that are denominated in currencies other than

the functional currency of the respective entity. The majority of this foreign exchange risk is transferred through internal

hedges to trading books within the Investment Bank and is therefore reflected and managed via the value-at-risk figures

in the trading books. The remaining foreign exchange risks that have not been transferred are mitigated through match

funding the investment in the same currency, so that only residual risk remains in the portfolios. Small exceptions to

above approach follow the general Market Risk Management monitoring and reporting process, as outlined for the

trading portfolio.

The bulk of non-trading open foreign exchange risk arises from the foreign exchange translation of local capital into the

reporting currency of the Group and related capital hedge positions. Thereby structural open long positions are taken for

a selected number of relevant currencies to immunize the sensitivity of the capital ratio of the Group against changes in

the exchange rates.

Equity and investment risk

Non-trading equity risk is arising predominantly from non-consolidated investment holdings in the banking book and

from equity compensation plans.

Deutsche Bank’s non-consolidated equity investment holdings in the banking book are categorized into strategic and

alternative investment assets. Strategic investments typically relate to acquisitions made to support the bank’s business

franchise and are undertaken with a medium to long-term investment horizon. Alternative assets are comprised of

principal investments and other non-strategic investment assets. Principal investments are direct investments in private

equity, real estate, venture capital, hedge or mutual funds whereas assets recovered in the workout of distressed

positions or other legacy investment assets in private equity and real estate are of a non-strategic nature.

The equity investment holdings are included in regular group-wide stress tests and the monthly market risk economic

capital calculations.

Pension risk

The Group is exposed to market risks from defined benefit pension schemes for past and current employees. Market risks

in pension plans materialize due to a potential decline in the market value of plan assets or an increase in the present

value of the pension liability of each of the pension plans. Market Risk Management is responsible for a regular

measurement, monitoring, reporting and control of market risks of the asset and liability side of the defined benefit

pension plans. Thereby, market risks in pension plans include but are not restricted to interest rate risk, inflation risk,

credit spread risk, equity risk, and longevity risk. For further details on the Group’s defined benefit pension obligations

and their management, please refer to Note 33 “Employee Benefits” in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial

Statements” section.

Other risks in the banking book

Market risks in the Asset Management business primarily result from principal guaranteed funds or accounts, but also

from co-investments in the bank’s funds.

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Non-trading market risk economic capital

Non-trading market risk economic capital is calculated either by applying the standard trading market risk economic

capital methodology or through the use of non-trading market risk models that are specific to each risk class and which

consider, among other factors, historically observed market moves, the liquidity of each asset class, and changes in

client’s behavior in relation to products with behavioral optionality.

Market risk stress testing

Stress testing is a key risk management technique, which evaluates the potential effects of extreme market events and

movements in individual risk factors. It is one of the core quantitative tools used to assess the market risk of Deutsche

Bank’s positions and complements VaR and Economic Capital. Market Risk Management performs several types of stress

testing to capture the variety of risks (Portfolio Stress Testing, individual specific stress tests at business unit level and

Event Risk Scenarios) and also contributes to Group-wide stress testing. These stress tests cover a wide range of

severities designed to test the earnings stability and capital adequacy of the bank.

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Liquidity Risk Management

Liquidity risk arises from Deutsche Bank Groups potential inability to meet payment obligations when they come due or

without incurring excessive costs. The Group’s risk taxonomy differentiates between two aspects of liquidity risk: Short-

term liquidity risk and structural funding risk, both embedded in an overarching liquidity and funding risk management

framework. The framework’s objective is to ensure that robust governance and controls are established within the Group

to fulfill its payment obligations (including intraday) at all times, including periods of stress, and to manage its liquidity

and funding risks within the Management Board’s approved risk appetite, when executing the strategic plan. The

framework considers all relevant and significant drivers of liquidity risk, whether on-balance sheet or off-balance sheet.

Liquidity and funding risk framework

Liquidity and funding key risk metrics are embedded in the bank’s risk appetite framework and reviewed as well as

approved by the Management Board at least on an annual basis. The risk appetite is applied at the Group level and to

internally defined Key Liquidity Entities, e.g., Deutsche Bank AG, to monitor and control liquidity risk as well as the

Group’s long-term funding and issuance plan.

The Group Asset and Liability Committee is the Group’s decision making governing body mandated by the Management

Board to optimize the sourcing and deployment of the Group’s balance sheet and financial resources in line with the

Management Board’s risk appetite and strategy. From the second line of defense perspective, the Group Risk Committee

is mandated by the Management Board with decision-making authority regarding material risk-related topics. Detailed

roles and responsibilities of the Group Asset and Liability committee as well as the Group Risk Committee are defined in

the “Risk Governance” section of this report.

The Liquidity and Funding Risk Management Framework defines the organization of the liquidity managing functions in

alignment with the three lines of defense structure, which is described in the “Risk Management principles” section of

this report, including the respective responsibilities of those functions comprising of the three lines of defense. In the

context of the Liquidity and Funding Risk Management Framework, these functions include the following:

–First Line of Defense: Corporate divisions and Treasury

–Second Line of Defense: CRO - Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management (ETRM)

–Third Line of Defense: Group Audit

The Group’s liquidity risk management principles are documented in a policy document and the framework is described

in the framework document. Both the policy and framework documents adhere to and articulate how the eight key risk

management practices are applied to liquidity risk, with such key practices including 1) risk governance, 2) risk

organization (3 lines of defense), 3) risk culture, 4) risk appetite and -strategy, 5) risk identification and -assessment,

6) risk mitigation and controls, 7) risk measurement and reporting as well as 8) stress planning and execution. The

individual roles and responsibilities relevant to each of these practices are laid out and documented in the Global

Responsibility Matrix for liquidity risk, which provides further clarity and transparency on the roles and responsibilities

across all involved stakeholders. All additional procedures and supporting documents (both global and local) issued by

the liquidity risk management functions further define the requirements specific to liquidity risk practices.

In accordance with the European Central Bank’s Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (and revised Internal

Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process requirement issued in November 2018), the Group has implemented an Internal

Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process which is carried out, assessed, documented, and reviewed at least annually and

approved by the Management Board.

Risk appetite and control setting

The Group’s liquidity risk appetite, which is defined through qualitative principles and supporting quantitative metrics, is

laid out in the Risk Appetite Statement and is subject to the standards defined in the Risk Appetite Policy. This Group

Risk Appetite Statement (RAS) covers regulatory (Pillar 1) as well as internal (Pillar 2) metrics, and is further underpinned

by the liquidity risk controls framework consisting of Risk Appetite limits, as well as a suite of additional limits, thresholds

and early warning indicators.

Treasury manages liquidity and funding, in accordance with the risk appetite across all relevant metrics and implements

tools, including business level risk limits, further cascading aspects of risk appetite to divisional level, ensuring ease of

compliance at Group level. As such, Treasury works closely with Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management under its

delegated authority and the business divisions to identify, analyze and monitor underlying liquidity risk characteristics

within business portfolios. These parties are engaged in regular dialogue regarding changes in the Group’s liquidity

position arising from business activities and market events.

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Furthermore, the Group ensures at the level of each Liquidity Relevant Entity that all local liquidity metrics are managed

in compliance with the defined risk appetite. Local liquidity surpluses are pooled in Deutsche Bank AG hubs and local

liquidity shortfalls can be met through support from these hubs. Transfers of liquidity capacity between entities are

subject to the Intercompany Funding approval framework involving the Group’s liquidity steering function as well as the

local liquidity managers considering the compliance with Pillar 1 metrics, including Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and

Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), as well as Pillar 2 metrics, including the stressed Net Liquidity Position (sNLP) and

Funding Matrix. Any available surplus that resides in entities with restrictions on transferring liquidity to other Group

entities, for example due to regulatory lending requirements, is treated as trapped and as such not considered in the

calculation of the consolidated Group liquidity surplus.

The Management Board is informed about the Group’s performance against the key liquidity metrics, including the risk

appetite and internal and market indicators, via a weekly liquidity dashboard.

Funding Risk Management and Funding Diversification

In line with regulatory guidelines, Deutsche Bank has developed a set of internal indicators to measure its inherent

funding risks. These are considered for risk management and steering purposes in addition to the Pillar 1 requirements.

The Group relies on a diverse range of funding sources including deposits, unsecured wholesale funding, Capital Markets

Issuances and secured funding. These funding sources protect the Group’s liquidity position in two ways. First, since

stress events may impact funding markets differently, maintaining a well-diversified funding portfolio will lower the

average impact of these events. Second, when experiencing a liquidity stress, having access to a wide range of funding

sources significantly improves the Group’s ability to tap different funding markets. The diversification across products is

complemented by Risk indicators which have been set to monitor tenor concentration and counterparty concentration.

The stability of Deutsche Bank Group’s funding position can be negatively impacted by various forms of industry risks

which often manifests medium to long term structural trends with a potentially significant long-term impact on the

economy and banks’ balance sheets. Deutsche Bank performs ad-hoc analyses on such emerging risks to assess the

impact of such trends on its funding position to ensure that mitigating measures are taken on a timely basis when

deemed necessary. In addition, Treasury evaluates current market access information in its significant funding markets

on a monthly basis with results compiled and presented to the Group Asset and Liability Committee.

Deutsche Bank’s tool for monitoring and managing the Group’s long-term funding profile for more than ten years is the

Funding Matrix. To produce the Funding Matrix, all assets and liabilities are mapped into time buckets corresponding to

their baseline contractual or modelled maturities. This allows the Group to identify expected excesses and shortfalls in

term liabilities over assets in each time bucket, facilitating the management of potential liquidity exposures over time.

The liquidity profile is based on contractual cash flow information. If the contractual maturity profile of a product does

not adequately reflect the liquidity profile or in case of non-maturing products, the maturity is replaced by baseline

modelling assumptions.

Capital Markets Issuance

The main objective of debt issuance is to raise long term funding in the most cost optimal manner. Debt issuance,

encompassing senior unsecured bonds, covered bonds, and capital securities, is a key source of term funding for the

Group and is managed directly by Treasury. At least once a year, following endorsement by the Asset and Liability

Committee, Treasury submits an annual long-term funding plan to the Group Risk Committee for recommendation and

then to the Management Board for approval. This plan is driven by global and local funding and liquidity requirements

based on expected business development. The Group’s capital markets issuance portfolio is dynamically managed

through annual issuance plans to avoid excessive maturity concentrations.

Deutsche Bank holds a license to issue mortgage Pfandbriefe and maintains a program to issue structured covered

bonds. In 2025, the Pfandbrief platform was enriched to support callable Pfandbriefe which further broadens the

bandwidth offered to investors. The Spanish covered bond program (Cedulas) is currently winding down, although there

are plans to restart the program in 2026. Since 2020, the Group has maintained its Green Bond framework which offers

green note issuances to both, institutional and retail investors. Furthermore, multiple green structured notes, green

deposits and repurchase agreements (repos) have been executed. In 2024, the sustainability framework was enriched to

also support social assets. Deutsche Bank also expanded its platform to issue Panda bonds in China. Since 2023, bonds

with a total notional value of CNY 8 billion were issued into the Chinese market.

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Liquidity risk monitoring and management

The Finance teams Liquidity and Treasury Reporting & Analysis (LTRA) and Liquidity Data Measurement and Reporting

(LDMR) together own the overall accountability for the accurate and timely production of both external regulatory

liquidity reporting (Pillar 1) as well as internal management reporting (Pillar 2) for the liquidity risk of the Group. In

addition, LTRA is responsible for the development of management information systems and the related analysis to

support the liquidity risk framework and its governance for Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management.

Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)

The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) is a regulatory metric designed to ensure that the Group maintains adequate liquidity

resources in the form of High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) to offset short-term liquidity stress described in Net Cash

Outflows (NCO) over a 30-day horizon on a consolidated currency basis.

By maintaining a ratio in excess of the minimum regulatory requirements, the LCR seeks to ensure that the Group holds

adequate liquidity resources to mitigate a short-term liquidity stress.

Stressed Net Liquidity Position (sNLP)

Stressed Net Liquidity Position (sNLP) is an internal metric used to measure liquidity risk and evaluate Deutsche Bank’s

short-term liquidity position through stress testing and scenario analysis across various time horizons. Key differences

between the internal liquidity stress test metric (sNLP) and the LCR include the risk appetite time horizon (3 months

versus 30 days, respectively), the classification and haircut differences between debt securities within the sNLP and the

HQLA contributing to the LCR, outflow rates for various categories of funding, as well as inflow assumption for various

assets (e.g., loan repayments). The Group’s internal liquidity stress test also includes outflows related to intraday liquidity

assumptions, which are not systematically reflected in the LCR.

Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)

The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is a regulatory metric which assesses Deutsche Bank’s structural funding profile by

comparing Available Stable Funding (ASF), including Capital and stable liabilities, to Required Stable Funding (RSF) for

on-balance sheet assets, thereby mitigating medium to long-term funding risks.

Liquidity stress testing and scenario analysis

Global internal liquidity stress testing and scenario analysis is used for measuring liquidity risk and evaluating the Group’s

short-term liquidity position within the liquidity framework. This complements the daily operational cash management

process. The long-term liquidity strategy based on baseline contractual or modelled maturities is represented by a long-

term metric known as the Funding Matrix (additional information can be found in the section “Funding risk management

and funding diversification” in this report).

The global liquidity stress testing exposure is managed by Treasury in compliance with the respective risk appetite.

Treasury is responsible for the design of the overall stress test methodology, the choice of liquidity risk drivers and the

determination of appropriate assumptions (parameters) to translate input data into stress testing output. Enterprise and

Treasury Risk Management is responsible for the definition of the stress scenarios. Laid out by the Model Risk

Management Policy and Procedure, Enterprise and Treasury Risk Management and Model Risk Management perform the

independent validation of liquidity risk models. The Finance teams Liquidity and Treasury Reporting & Analysis (LTRA)

and Liquidity Data Measurement and Reporting (LDMR) are responsible for implementing these methodologies and

performing the stress test calculation in conjunction with Treasury, Liquidity Risk Management, Group Strategic Analytics

and Information Technology.

Stress testing and scenario analysis are used to describe and evaluate the impact of sudden and severe stress events on

the Group’s liquidity position. Deutsche Bank has selected four scenarios to calculate the Group’s stressed Net Liquidity

Position. These scenarios are designed to capture potential outcomes which may be experienced by the Group. The most

severe scenario assesses the potential consequences of a combined market-wide and severe idiosyncratic stress event,

including multi-notch downgrades of the Bank’s credit ratings. Under each of the scenarios, the impact of a liquidity

stress event over different time horizons and across multiple liquidity risk drivers, covering all business lines and product

areas and with that all portfolios and balance sheet, is considered. The output from this scenario analysis also feeds the

Group Wide Stress Test run by Enterprise Risk Management, which analyzes liquidity risk in conjunction with the other

defined risk types and evaluates their impact and interplay to both Capital and Liquidity positions.

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In addition, potential funding requirements from contingent liquidity risks which can arise under stress, including

drawdowns on lending facilities, increased collateral requirements under derivative agreements, and outflows from

deposits with a contractual rating linked trigger are included in the analysis. Subsequently, countermeasures, which are

the actions the Group would take to counterbalance the outflows incurred during a stress event, are also taken into

consideration. These countermeasures include the usage of the Group’s liquidity reserves and generating liquidity from

other unencumbered, marketable assets without causing any material impact on the Group’s business model.

Stress testing is conducted at a group level and for defined entities relevant for liquidity risk management. The stress

analysis covers a range of time periods out to 1 year depending on the scenario. The most acute stress uses a time period

of three months which is considered to be the critical time period during a liquidity crisis requiring that liquidity is

actively assessed and steered on a Group level. In addition to the consolidated currency stress test, further stress tests

are performed for material currencies, namely euro and U.S. dollar. At the global level as well as for the U.S. entities,

liquidity stress tests also cover a twelve-months period for which a risk appetite limit has been set. Ad hoc analysis may

be conducted to reflect the impact of potential downside events that could affect the Group, such as climate/ESG-

related events. Relevant stress assumptions are applied to reflect liquidity flows from risk drivers and on-balance sheet

and off-balance sheet products. The suite of stress testing scenarios and assumptions are reviewed on a regular basis

and are updated when enhancements are made to stress testing methodologies.

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Liquidity Risk Mitigation

High Quality Liquid Assets

High-quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) is a Pillar 1 calculation which feeds into LCR and is a key limit per the risk appetite.

HQLA comprise available cash and cash equivalents and unencumbered high quality liquid securities (including

government and government guaranteed bonds), representing the most readily available and most important

countermeasure in a stress event.

The vast majority of the Group’s HQLA are held centrally across major currencies at the central bank accounts of the

parent entity and foreign branches in the key locations in which the Bank is active, and in a dedicated Treasury-owned

Strategic Liquidity Reserves portfolio, set up exclusively to serve as a mitigant during periods of stress.

Asset Encumbrance

Encumbered assets primarily comprise those on- and off-balance sheet assets that are pledged as collateral against

secured funding, collateral swaps, and other collateralized obligations. Generally, loans are encumbered to support long-

term capital markets secured issuance such as covered bonds or other self-securitization structures, while financing debt

and equity inventory on a secured basis is a regular activity for the Investment Bank business. Additionally, in line with

the European Banking Authority technical standards on regulatory asset encumbrance reporting, assets pledged with

settlement systems (including default funds and initial margins) as well as other assets pledged which cannot be freely

withdrawn such as mandatory minimum reserves at central banks are considered encumbered assets. Derivative margin

receivable assets as encumbered under these European Banking Authority guidelines are also included.

Funds Transfer Pricing (FTP)

FTP is a cost allocation and business steering tool to manage costs and benefits (remuneration) associated with funding

and contingent liquidity risk, aligned to the firm’s risk appetite. FTP applies to all business segments and entities with

balance sheet items requiring active management and funding from the Group and promotes pricing of (i) assets in

accordance with their underlying liquidity risk, (ii) liabilities in accordance with their liquidity value and (iii) contingent

liquidity exposures in accordance with the cost of providing for appropriate High Quality Liquid Assets.

Within this framework, funding and liquidity risk costs and benefits are allocated to the Group’s business units based on

rates which reflect the economic costs of liquidity for the Bank. Treasury might set further financial incentives in line with

the Group’s liquidity risk guidelines.

Additional details are included in Note 04 “Business segments and related information“ of the consolidated financial

statements.

Contingency Funding Planning

The Group Contingency Funding Plan outlines how Deutsche Bank would respond to an actual or anticipated liquidity

stress event. It specifies the provisions, procedures and action plans for responding to potential disruptions to the Bank’s

ability to fund itself. It covers actions that can be taken to raise cash and/or recover the Bank’s liquidity metrics in breach.

The Contingency Funding Plan outlines governance arrangements for its activation and presents the framework of

liquidity indicators enabling the bank to identify deteriorating market circumstances in a timely manner and that

determine quickly what actions need to be taken, including communication and coordination during a liquidity stress

event. Deutsche Bank has established the Financial Resource Management Council, which is responsible for oversight of

capital and liquidity across contingency, recovery, and resolution scenarios in a defined crisis situation.

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Model Risk Management

Model risk is the potential for adverse consequences from decisions based on incorrect models or their misused outputs.

Model risk can lead to financial loss, poor business or strategic decision making, or damage to its reputation. Deutsche

Bank recognizes the use of models can affect other risk-types, and that model risk is a distinct risk that can increase or

decrease aggregate risk across other risk-types.

Deutsche Bank uses models for a broad range of decision-making activities, such as: underwriting credits; valuing

exposures, instruments, and positions; measuring risk; managing and safeguarding client assets and determining capital

and reserve adequacy. The term ‘model’ is a quantitative or qualitative method, system, or approach that applies expert

judgement, statistical, economic, financial, or mathematical theories, techniques, and assumptions to process input data

into quantitative estimates. Models are simplified representations of real-world relationships and are based on

assumptions and judgment. Accordingly, the bank is exposed to model risk, which must be identified, measured, and

controlled appropriately.

Model risk management oversight is provided by all levels of management, including the Management Board.

Management of model risk is underpinned by a framework designed and monitored by a 2nd Line of Defense control

function independent from developer, owner, and user of models.

Model Risk Management Framework and Governance

Model risk is overseen by the Chief Risk Officer through the setting of a quantitative and qualitative risk appetite

statement, and managed via:

–The Model Risk Policy and Procedure, and supporting documents aligned to risk appetite, regulatory requirements,

and industry best practice, with clear roles and responsibilities for stakeholders

–Inventorization of all models, supporting ongoing model risk framework components, including risk assessments and

attestations

–Key controls for models from development through to decommissioning, including validation, approval, deployment

and monitoring

–Models are assessed for their materiality, complexity, uncertainty and reliance and in aggregate assigned a risk Tier,

which is used to identify those which present the higher risk to Deutsche Bank

–A risk based approach to managing the models by Tier is applied

–Independent validations, and subsequent independent approvals, verify that models have been appropriately

designed and implemented for their intended scope and purpose, and that respective controls are in place to assure

that they continue to perform as expected during their use

–The controls identify models’ limitations and weaknesses, resulting in findings and compensating controls, these may

be conditions for use, such as adjustments or overlays

–Model risk governance, including senior forums for monitoring and escalation of model risk related topics, as well as

monthly updates to the Management Board on the model risk appetite metrics, and periodic model risk updates to the

Supervisory Board

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Operational Risk Management

Operational Risk Management Overview

Deutsche Bank applies the European Banking Authority’s Single Rulebook definition of operational risk: “Operational risk

means the risk of losses stemming from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external

events. Operational risk includes legal risks but excludes business and reputational risk and is embedded in all banking

products and activities.”

Deutsche Bank’s operational risk appetite defines the amount of operational risk it is willing to accept as a consequence

of conducting its business. The bank takes on operational risks consciously, both strategically and in day-to-day business.

While the bank has no appetite for certain types of operational risk events (such as violations of laws or regulations or

misconduct), other types of operational risk must be accepted for the bank is to achieve its business objectives. Where

residual risk is assessed to be outside risk appetite, risk-reducing actions must be undertaken, including risk remediation,

risk transfer through insurance, or ceasing business activity.

The Operational Risk Management Framework comprises a set of interrelated tools and processes used to identify,

assess, mitigate and monitor the bank’s operational risks. Its components are designed to work together to provide a

comprehensive, risk-based approach to managing the bank’s most material operational risks. The Framework includes the

Group’s approach to setting and adhering to operational risk appetite, the operational risk type and control taxonomies,

the policies and procedures governing operational risk management processes and tools, and the bank’s operational risk

capital calculation.

Organizational and governance structure

Operational risk is managed according to the principle that day‑to‑day responsibility lies with the divisions and

infrastructure functions where these risks originate. Operational Risk Management (“ORM”) provides independent

oversight of the Group’s operational risk profile, identifies and reports risk concentrations, and ensures consistent

application of the Operational Risk Management Framework across the bank. ORM forms part of the Group’s risk function

within the Chief Risk Office, led by the Chief Risk Officer. The Chief Risk Officer appoints the Head of ORM, who is

responsible for designing, overseeing, and maintaining an effective, efficient, and regulatory‑compliant Operational Risk

Management Framework, including the methodology for operational risk capital calculation. The Head of ORM monitors

and challenges the Framework’s Group‑wide implementation and tracks the overall operational risk levels against the

bank’s defined operational risk appetite.

Operational risk governance is aligned with the bank’s Three Lines of Defence (“3LoD”) model. The Operational Risk

Management Framework defines governance standards and outlines the core responsibilities of the 1st and 2nd LoD to

ensure effective risk management and appropriate independent challenge. The Operational Risk Committee governs and

coordinates the management of operational risk across the Group. Its mandate includes decision‑making and policy

responsibilities, as well as reviewing, advising on, and addressing operational risk matters that may influence the risk

profile of business divisions or infrastructure functions. A number of sub‑fora, with participants from both the First Line of

Defence (1st LoD) and Second Line of Defence (2nd LoD), support the Committee in fulfilling its responsibilities. In

addition to the Group‑level Committee, business divisions maintain 1st LoD operational risk fora to oversee and manage

operational risks at various organisational levels.

Risk owners within the 1st LoD have full accountability for the operational risks arising from their activities and are

responsible for managing these risks within the established risk appetite. As leaders of business divisions or infrastructure

functions, risk owners must determine the appropriate organisational structure to identify their operational risk profile,

actively manage operational risks, make decisions on mitigating or accepting risks to remain within appetite, and

establish and maintain effective 1st LoD controls.

Risk Type Heads serve as 2nd LoD control functions for all sub‑risk types within the overarching operational risk category.

They define the framework and Group‑level risk appetite for the risk type they oversee, establish minimum risk

management requirements and control objectives, and independently monitor and challenge the 1st LoD’s

implementation of these requirements. They provide independent oversight of the risk type and monitor adherence to

the defined risk appetite. As subject matter experts, they define the risk taxonomy, support implementation of the

Framework in the 1st LoD, and maintain independence by being located solely within infrastructure functions.

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As the 2nd LoD risk control function for operational risk, ORM establishes and maintains the overarching Operational Risk

Management Framework.

–ORM defines the bank’s approach to operational risk appetite, monitors adherence, evaluates consequences of

breaches, and oversees remediation plans to return the operational risk profile to within appetite where needed. ORM

also regularly reports the Group’s operational risk profile, including any risks that fall outside the defined appetite.

–ORM provides independent assessments to support proactive operational risk management, engages with risk owners

in the 1st LoD, and facilitates consistent implementation of risk management requirements across the bank.

–ORM is responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining the methodology to determine the appropriate

capital for operational risk, for recommendation to the Management Board. This includes calculating and allocating

operational risk capital demand and expected loss.

Operational Risk Management Framework

The Operational Risk Management Framework (ORMF) enables the bank to determine its operational risk profile relative

to its defined risk appetite, identify systemic themes and concentrations, and establish mitigation measures and

priorities.

In 2025, the bank further enhanced the Framework by introducing cross‑risk types within the Operational Risk Type

Taxonomy to better reflect the bank’s operational risk profile. Additional improvements included operationalizing control

assessment, testing and certification within the new strategic tool for the operational risk controls inventory and

transitioning the Risk & Control Self‑Assessment to a more data‑driven approach.

Key sub-components include:

–Loss Data Collection: Internal operational risk events with a P&L impact of € 10,000 or more are recorded and

validated, and external events are assessed for their relevance to the group and business divisions. Material events

trigger a formal lessons‑learned and read‑across process conducted by the 1st Line of Defense in close collaboration

with business partners, risk control functions, and other infrastructure areas. Lessons‑learned reviews assess root

causes of significant events and document remediation actions to reduce recurrence. Read‑across analyses evaluate

whether similar weaknesses may exist elsewhere in the bank, even if they have not yet resulted in losses, thereby

facilitating preventative action. In 2025, the internal event database was enhanced particularly the mapping of

controls to events and automated read‑across triggers, and the external events review process was refined to assess

susceptibility of similar risks within the bank.

–Risk Appetite: Operational risk appetite defines the level of operational risk the bank is willing to accept to pursue its

strategy. The operational risk appetite framework provides a consistent approach to setting appetite levels across the

bank and monitoring exposures against these levels. The bank regularly monitors its operational risk profile against

defined appetite to alert the organization on impending problems in a timely fashion. In 2025, the bank implemented

previously introduced concepts of residual risk zones and operating conditions, including monitoring processes, and

further refined the granularity of risk appetite setting.

–Risk & Control Self‑Assessment: The Risk & Control Self‑Assessment (RCSA) comprises bottom‑up evaluations of risks

generated within business divisions and infrastructure functions, the effectiveness of associated controls, and

required remediation actions to ensure risks remain within appetite. Conducted at the global business level, the RCSA

covers all jurisdictions and is designed to assist Senior Management to determine whether operational risks are

managed and controlled adequately via a dynamic assessment approach covering all applicable Risk Types from the

Group’s Operational Risk Type Taxonomy (ORTT). The Risk & Control Self-Assessment puts a greater emphasis on

assessing and mitigating risks that are outside of appetite and risks that drive unethical and inappropriate market

conduct within the bank. In 2025, RCSA granularity was increased to provide more precise risk insights and ensure a

more accurate risk profile for comparison against defined appetite.

–Emerging risk: Emerging risk themes are derived from internal and external indicators. Operational risk outputs are

combined with external event data to identify emerging trends and concentrations. This analysis complements

insights from divisional emerging risk themes, dynamic RCSA results, findings, scenario analysis, internal and external

events, and industry developments, enabling Risk Owners to draw informed conclusions.

–Scenario Analysis: The operational risk profile is further substantiated through exploratory scenario analysis, which

supplements day‑to‑day risk management. Scenario analysis supports the identification of potential exposures,

highlights gaps in the current risk profile, and informs forward‑looking risk mitigation. Scenario development

incorporates themes from internal losses, emerging risk assessments, top risks, concentrations, findings, and external

peer loss events. Insights from actual and potential events are used to identify thematic vulnerabilities and drive

actions such as deep‑dive reviews or enhancements to risk profiles. In 2025, the capture and governance of scenario

analysis was migrated to the Event Management Application to improve data quality and oversight.

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–Transformation Risk Assessment: A Transformation Risk Assessment (TRA) process is in place to appropriately identify

and manage risks arising from material change initiatives to assess the impact of transformation on the bank’s risk

profile. The TRA applies to all key deliverables including regulatory initiatives, technology migrations, risk mitigation

projects, strategy changes, organizational restructuring, real estate moves within the bank, as well as joint ventures

and strategic investments.

–Findings and Issue Management: The findings and issue management process supports the mitigation of risks arising

from known control weaknesses and deficiencies. It enables management to make risk-based decisions over the need

for further remediation or risk acceptance. Outputs from the findings management process must be able to

demonstrate to internal and external stakeholders that the bank is actively identifying its control weaknesses and

taking steps to manage associated risks within acceptable levels of risk appetite. In 2025, the process was

strengthened through more robust requirements for identifying correct findings owners, enhancing management

reporting, and the timely remediation of Action Plans.

Framework Adherence: As owner of the Operational Risk Management Framework, ORM performs regular independent

monitoring and testing to assess adherence by both the 1st and 2nd LoD:

–Annually, assess 1LoD and 2LoD Risk Type Head (RTH) implementation and adherence to the requirements of the

ORMF

–Adverse outcomes of adherence result in consequences being applied

–Adherence results also aim to proactively identify both design and implementation improvements (Framework,

Tooling, etc.)

In 2025, annual Framework Adherence results were incorporated in the ORM Composite KPI and made mandatory for all

divisions, creating a direct variable compensation impact via the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Quarterly U.S. RCSA

Adherence reviews were also introduced.

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Operational Risk Type Oversight

The Framework applies to operational sub‑risk types at a more granular level and enables the bank to aggregate, oversee,

and monitor its overall operational risk profile. These operational sub‑risk types are managed by various infrastructure

functions and include the following:

–ORM includes the Risk Type Head role for several operational risk types. Its mandate includes second line oversight of

controls related to transaction processing activities and infrastructure risks, to prevent technology or process

disruptions, maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and records, ensure robust information

security, and confirm that business divisions and infrastructure functions have effective plans in place to recover

critical processes and functions in the event of disruption, including technical or building outages, cyber‑attacks,

natural disasters, or physical security and safety risk. ORM Risk Type Heads also manages risks arising from the bank’s

internal and external vendor engagements through the implementation of a comprehensive third‑party risk management

framework.

–The Compliance department performs an independent 2nd line control function that protects the bank’s license to

operate by promoting and enforcing compliance with the law and driving a culture of compliance and ethical conduct

in the bank. The Compliance department assists, reviews and challenges the business divisions and works with other

infrastructure functions and regulators to establish and maintain a risk-based approach to the management of the

bank’s compliance risks in accordance with the bank’s risk appetite and to help the bank detect, mitigate and prevent

breaches of laws, rules and regulations as well as internal policies. The Compliance department performs the

following principal activities: engaging with and managing regulatory matters in collaboration with the Regulatory and

Exam Management Group; identifying and assessing new and amended laws, rules, and regulations; acting as advisor

to the management board and performing independent review and challenge; performing second line controls; as

well as identifying, assessing, mitigating, monitoring, and reporting on compliance risk. The results of these

assessments and controls are regularly reported to both the Management Board and the Supervisory Board.

–Financial crime risks are managed by the Anti-Financial Crime (AFC), an independent Infrastructure second line

function. AFC maintains a dedicated program which is based on regulatory and supervisory requirements with defined

roles and responsibilities for the identification and management of financial crime risks resulting from money

laundering, terrorism financing, compliance with sanctions and embargoes, the facilitation of tax evasion as well as

other criminal activities including fraud, bribery and corruption and other crimes. AFC updates its strategy for financial

crime prevention via regular development of internal policies processes and controls, institution-specific risk

assessment and staff training.

–Group Governance defines, implements, and monitors the governance framework for Deutsche Bank globally in

support of the bank’s overall strategy, ensuring that governance structures are lean, transparent, and sustainable. The

unit develops and safeguards efficient corporate governance structures suitable to support effective individual and

joint decision-making that avoids and manages (structural and organizational) conflicts. It also establishes, maintains

and controls an appropriate and transparent policy taxonomy, landscape and tooling. The independency of Group

Governance is ensured through direct reporting line into the Management Board and not into any business division,

and through a ring-fenced incentive system and compensation system where performance evaluation is tied

principally to risk management and not to business revenues.

–Legal is a fully independent infrastructure function, mandated to provide legal advice both to the Management Board

as well as to the business divisions and infrastructure functions and to manage the Bank’s litigation and contentious

regulatory matters. Legal has a monopoly for giving legal advice, retaining and controlling outside counsel. Legal’s

independence is supported by its reporting line to the Management Board and a compensation framework that

focuses on risk management.

–Deutsche Bank’s New Product Approval and Systematic Product Review processes form a control framework

designed to manage the risks associated with new products and services and their lifecycle management. These

processes are overseen by the New Business Office and Product & Structured Transaction Lifecycle teams within the

Operational Risk Management function. Existing products and services are reviewed on one‑ to three‑year cycles to

assess whether they remain fit for purpose and aligned with the characteristics and objectives of their respective

target markets. Each product or service must be sponsored by a business Managing Director, who retains ultimate

accountability for it. Breaches of the New Product Approval requirements fall within the scope of the bank’s Red Flag

consequence management process .

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Measuring Operational Risks

Deutsche Bank measures risk-weighted assets to determine the regulatory capital demand for operational risk using the

“Standardized Measurement Approach” laid out in the European Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR3) introduced in

2025.

In addition to regulatory capital demand, Deutsche Bank continues to determine its internal economic capital demand

for operational risk using the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) methodology. The AMA capital calculation is

based on a loss distribution approach. Gross losses from historical internal and external loss data (Operational Risk data

eXchange Association consortium data) are used to estimate the risk profile (i.e., a loss frequency and a loss severity

distribution). The loss distribution approach model includes conservatism by recognizing losses on events that arise over

multiple years as single events in the historical loss profile.

Within the AMA model, the frequency and severity distributions are combined in a Monte Carlo simulation to generate

potential losses over a one-year time horizon. Correlation and diversification benefits are applied to the net losses to

arrive at a net loss distribution at Group level, covering expected and unexpected losses. The resulting economic capital

demand is then allocated to each of the business divisions considering qualitative adjustments after deducting expected

loss.

The economic capital requirements for operational risk is derived from the 99.9% percentile and calculated for a time

horizon of one year.

The economic capital demand calculation is performed on a quarterly basis.

ORM establishes and maintains the approach for capital demand quantification and ensures that appropriate

development, validation and change governance processes are in place, whereby the validation is performed by an

independent validation function and in line with the Group’s model risk management process.

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Drivers for operational risk economic capital development

By design of the AMA capital calculation, Deutsche Bank’s operational risk economic capital demand is predominantly

driven by historical internal loss events.

In view of the relevance of legal risks within the bank’s operational risk profile, specific attention is dedicated to the

management and measurement of open civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters where the bank relies both

on information from internal as well as external data sources to consider developments in legal matters that affect the

bank specifically but also the banking industry as a whole. Reflecting the multi-year nature of legal proceedings the

measurement of these risks furthermore takes into account changing levels of certainty by capturing the risks at various

stages throughout the lifecycle of a legal matter.

Conceptually, the bank measures operational risk including legal risk by determining the annual operational risk loss that

will not be exceeded with a given probability. This loss amount is driven by a component that due to the IFRS criteria is

reflected in the bank’s financial statements and a component beyond the amount reflected as provisions within the

bank’s financial statements.

The legal losses which the bank expects with a likelihood of more than 50% are already reflected in the IFRS group

financial statements. These losses include net changes in provisions for existing and new cases in a specific period where

the loss is deemed probable and is reliably measurable in accordance with IAS 37.

Uncertain legal losses which are not reflected in the bank’s financial statements as provisions because they do not meet

the recognition criteria under IAS 37 are considered within the “economic capital demand”.

To quantify the litigation losses in the AMA model, the bank takes into account historical losses, provisions, contingent

liabilities and legal forecasts. Legal forecasts generally comprise ranges of potential losses covering risks of outflows

greater than the provision and adjustments which are deemed remote or relate to yet unknown matters. Such forecasts

may result from ongoing and new legal matters which are reviewed at least quarterly by the attorneys handling the legal

matters.

The legal forecasts are included in the loss data input into the AMA model. The projection range of the legal forecasts is

not restricted to the one year capital time horizon but goes beyond and conservatively assumes early settlement of the

underlying losses in the reporting period - thus considering the multi-year nature of legal matters.

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Reputational Risk Management

Within the group’s risk management process, reputational risk is defined as the risk of possible damage to Deutsche

Bank’s brand and reputation, and the associated risk to earnings, capital or liquidity arising from any association, action or

inaction which could be perceived by stakeholders to be inappropriate, unethical or inconsistent with Deutsche Bank’s

Code of Conduct.

Deutsche Bank has limited appetite for transactions or relationships with material reputational risk or in areas which

inherently pose a higher reputational risk such as the defense, gaming, or adult entertainment sectors, or where there are

certain environmental concerns.  Decisions about specific transactions or relationships are made based on a risk based,

individualized and objective assessment. Reputational risk cannot be precluded as it can be driven by unforeseeable

changes in perception of its practices by its various stakeholders (e.g. public, clients, shareholders and regulators).

The Reputational Risk Framework (the Framework) is in place to manage the process through which active decisions are

taken on matters which may pose a reputational risk, before the event, and in doing so to prevent damage to Deutsche

Bank’s reputation wherever possible. The Framework provides consistent standards for the identification, assessment

and management of reputational risk issues.

Reputational Risk could arise from multiple sources including, but not limited to, Deutsche Bank’s employees, business

strategies and activities, clients, and counterparties.  Such events could contribute to among other consequences,

financial losses, litigation, regulatory enforcement actions, or monetary fines, as well as other reputational harm.

The modelling and quantitative measurement of reputational risk internal capital is implicitly covered in the bank’s

economic capital framework primarily within strategic risk.

Governance and Organizational Structure

Deutsche Bank manages reputational risk through a framework.  Under this framework, Deutsche Bank has established a

risk appetite statement and policies and controls embedded throughout our business and risk management processes,

with variances available when necessary to comply with applicable country laws, regulations and expectations.  .  Matters

specific to DWS are reviewed by the DWS Reputational Risk Committee and, if necessary, escalated to the DWS

Executive Board. Decisions are subject to the DWS and Deutsche Bank internal Corporate Governance policies.

Whilst every employee has a responsibility to protect the bank’s reputation, the primary responsibility for the

identification, assessment, management, monitoring and, if necessary, referring or reporting of reputational risk matters

lies with Deutsche Bank’s business divisions as the primary risk owners. Each business division has an established process

through which matters, which are deemed to be a moderate or greater reputational risk are assessed, the Unit

Reputational Risk Assessment Process.

The Unit Reputational Risk Assessment Process is required to refer any material reputational risk matters to the

respective Regional Reputational Risk Committee. The Framework also sets out a number of matters which are

considered inherently higher risk from a reputational risk perspective and are therefore mandatory referrals to the

Regional Reputational Risk Committees. The Regional Reputational Risk Committees are 2nd LoD Committees and meet

on an ad hoc basis as required. The Group Reputational Risk Committee (GRRC) reviews cases with a group-wide impact

and in exceptional circumstances, those that could not be resolved at a regional level.

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Annual Report 2025	Information security

Information security

Deutsche Bank operates in an environment with increasing levels of digitization and a constantly evolving threat

landscape related to information security. Amid these ongoing developments, threats and challenges, Deutsche Bank

has the responsibility to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of clients’ data, business partners’ data,

and the bank’s own information assets, including the bank’s employees’ information. Doing so consistently and

effectively is essential for retaining the trust of the various stakeholders and preserving their interests.

Due to the dynamic and complex nature of the environment, the bank continuously monitors the security threat

landscape; vigilantly observes technological developments, the geopolitical landscape, and economic impacts driving

security risks; and assesses their relevance for potential impacts on the bank and the wider financial ecosystem.

Deutsche Bank adjusts its security capabilities accordingly to safeguard its ability to provide products and services to

clients and protect the continuous operations of the bank’s businesses.

This section provides a comprehensive overview of Deutsche Bank’s approach to information security, detailing its

continuous efforts to robustly protect data and services, including its security governance structure, security strategy,

and security risk management.

Governance

Responsibility for security matters at Deutsche Bank sits within the Chief Security Office. The Group Chief Security

Officer (CSO) has delegated authority from the Management Board, including approval of the security policies and the

security strategy for the Deutsche Bank Group. The Group CSO reports directly to the Chief Technology, Data, and

Innovation Officer, a member of the Management Board. The Management Board is accountable for overseeing the

implementation of the information security framework, with oversight from the Supervisory Board. There are multiple

mechanisms in place for the Group CSO to escalate security issues directly to the Management Board if required.

Deutsche Bank’s Group CSO has served in various information security roles for more than 20 years. These include

positions as global Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)/CSO for three different large European financial institutions

and a partner position at a global strategy and consulting firm, leading security work for financial service clients.

The Group Chief Security Officer is supported by information security experts at various seniority levels across the bank

to ensure that security requirements are met from regional, divisional, and technical perspectives. All information

security activities are overseen by two dedicated governance forums established and chaired by the Group CSO: the

Group IT Security Council (interfacing with the bank’s IT units) and the Group Information Security Council (interfacing

with the bank’s business and infrastructure divisions). The independent operational risk management function for

information security is represented in both forums. Both forums provide advice on the security strategy and oversee the

progress and performance of key information security deliverables, the remediation status of information security-

related audit findings, information security incidents, and the information security posture of Deutsche Bank Group

against defined targets. In the event of critical issues, members are assigned with specific actions by the Group CSO

according to their responsibility. In addition to the Group CSO-led governance forums, the Technology & Information

Security Risk Committee (TISRC) oversees technology and information security risks, ensuring alignment with the bank's

strategic objectives. The committee is chaired by the Chief Technology, Data and Innovation Officer, and vice chaired by

the Group CSO and the Head of Group Technology Infrastructure, with a mandatory attendance requirement for the

Chief Information Officers and veto power for the risk function represented by both the Global Head of Operational Risk

Management and the Global Head of IT Risk and Information Security Risk.

Security indicators and reporting provided to the bank’s relevant governance forums support appropriate security risk

awareness and decision-making. The comprehensive metrics framework maintained by the Chief Security Office is

underpinned by an extensive data set, allowing for various dedicated views. The Management Board and the Supervisory

Board receive a quarterly information security risk posture report, as well as ad-hoc information if required. Furthermore,

the Group CSO provides regular updates on material topics relating to security to the Supervisory Board’s committee

responsible for Technology, Data and Innovation.,

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Strategy

The Chief Security Office develops the bank’s group-wide security strategy and oversees its global implementation and

operationalization via the organizational setup, governance, and implemented security policies. The security strategy,

which is reviewed on a regular basis, incorporates developments in the threat landscape, technology, the regulatory

environment, the bank’s corporate and IT strategy, and other internal and external parameters. The approach provides

comprehensive and layered security controls. The Chief Security Office works closely with the bank´s divisions to enable

alignment with the security-by-design approach throughout bank-wide programs and initiatives. Security investments

are prioritized and adjusted from a threat-driven perspective, leveraging the regular review and assessment of the

maturity of the bank’s security implementation.

A key element of the bank’s security strategy is to foster responsibility and active awareness among Deutsche Bank staff.

By embedding these principles into daily practices, Deutsche Bank aims to bring about long-term behavioral changes

that help mitigate risks and enhance overall security posture. The bank’s security culture and awareness campaign,

Mission Security, continuously updated to reflect emerging threats and best practices and communicated to all

employees worldwide, reinforces these efforts. Another way the bank strengthens security culture is by periodically

conducting simulations and testing exercises, including phishing simulation and mandatory training.

Impact, risk, and opportunity management

Impacts, risks, and opportunities

Clients expect secure access to their bank’s services anytime, anywhere, and through a variety of channels. As part

of doing business with the bank, clients entrust Deutsche Bank with sensitive data. Deutsche Bank has the

responsibility to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of clients and business partner data, as well

as its own information assets, including employee information. Doing so consistently and effectively is essential for

retaining the trust of these stakeholders and preserving their interests. Consequently, the bank continues to invest

in security risk mitigation. Based on a comprehensive policy framework for security and stringent risk management

processes, Deutsche Bank adjusts its security capabilities to safeguard its ability to provide products and services

to clients and to protect the continued operations of the bank’s businesses. Stable and resilient services support

stakeholder trust, protecting brand value while enabling business growth and the realization of revenue

opportunities.

Technological advancements are steadily increasing the demands for data privacy and security, while the growing

frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks have significantly elevated the risk profile of organizations

worldwide, including Deutsche Bank and other organizations along its supply chain. Third-party software and

technology providers remain prime targets for threat actors, who exploit supply chain vulnerabilities to

compromise or disrupt large numbers of downstream customers and assets, amplifying the impact of their attacks.

In 2025, geopolitical unrest remained a key driver of cyber threat activity. Financially motivated and highly

sophisticated cyberattacks have become persistent across industries and are expected to intensify. The rapid

adoption and advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to reshape the threat landscape, accelerating

hybrid warfare tactics, misinformation campaigns, and social engineering attacks leveraging deepfakes. Common

attack vectors such as ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, and exploits of unnoticed vulnerabilities (so called

zero-day exploits) are increasing in scale and complexity. Quantum computing, while still emerging, remains a

strategic focus area for long-term risk management.

Failure to embed and ensure oversight of security requirements within the bank’s framework to best address

associated risks and subsequent appropriate implementation can lead to breaches of confidentiality and integrity

of information, and unavailability of information and/or services. Additionally, Deutsche Bank may face operational

risks arising from failures in the control environment, including errors in the performance of processes or security

controls, as well as data loss, which may disrupt business and lead to material losses.

Security breaches can occur due to unauthorized access to networks or resources, unauthorized access or loss/

destruction of confidential information, unintended exposure of vulnerabilities in the bank's infrastructure, or the

introduction of computer viruses or malware, technology failures, or other forms of cybersecurity attacks or

incidents, including breaches of the security of third-party computer systems.

In case of a successful attack, there might be an impact on Deutsche Bank’s stakeholders and the wider financial

ecosystem due to compromised data, unintentional spread of malware, unavailability of services, and the

inaccessibility of systems and/or data. This encompasses internal and third-party information technology systems.

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A successful cyberattack could have a significant negative direct or indirect impact on the bank that may result in

the disclosure or misuse of client information and the bank’s proprietary information, damage to or inability to

access information technology systems, statutory or regulatory non-compliance and financial losses. Potential

consequences range from reputational damage and client dissatisfaction, contractual non-compliance (e.g., if

services are not provided as agreed), remediation costs (such as for investigation and reestablishing services),

increased cybersecurity costs (such as for additional personnel, technology, or third-party vendors), potential

penalties and fines, to personal data breach notification obligations, and litigation exposure.

Deutsche Bank maintains insurance as an additional risk mitigant for cyber risk. The bank´s insurance coverage is

designed to include the mitigation of the financial impact of security incidents; however, it may not fully cover all

potential losses, including reputational damage or indirect costs associated with a cyber event. Notwithstanding

the bank’s security measures, there can be no assurance that its policies, controls, or cyber insurance coverage will

be sufficient to prevent or fully mitigate the impact of future cyber incidents, and it could have a material adverse

effect on its financial condition.

Policies and risk management

The bank’s policies and controls support risk reduction and mitigation for potential negative impacts. Information security risk is

managed as an operational risk under the bank’s Operational Risk Management Framework. The Chief Security Office is

responsible for and executes security matters against the Operational Risk Management Framework and leverages the results of

its various instruments, such as risk appetite, while Operational Risk Management provides oversight, review, and challenge.

Measures for the further reduction of material residual risks may include policy changes or policy amendments at divisional or

group level, as well as prioritized investment and accelerated implementation of risk-mitigating activities.

Security risks are assessed on a continual basis through analysis of internal and external cyber events, including events at peer

institutions, monitoring of the threat environment, and discussion in various forums.

The annual risk and control assessment process evaluates diverse risk scenarios, encompassing service disruption, system

misuse, data distortion, asset/data destruction, data disclosure, financial theft, and non-adherence to regulatory policies and

laws. This comprehensive analysis incorporates potentially affected stakeholders, including clients and suppliers, and assesses

the external threat landscape by leveraging industry-standard frameworks, such as MITRE ATT&CK (standardized framework to

assess cyberattacks). When evaluating control suites and residual risk positions, the process considers contextual data and

controls, such as major events, threat assessments, findings, scenario analysis, control metrics, lessons learned, events at peer

institutions, read-across, regulatory expectations, and remediation activities. Additional risk reviews are conducted for emerging

developments, with results evaluated against the bank's control capabilities.

As an integral part of this assessment, internal security subject matter experts provide risk evaluations, supported by areas like

Legal, Compliance, or Group Data Privacy, as needed. These evaluations are subsequently reviewed and challenged by risk

subject matter experts to determine the final risk position. Concurrently, senior information security experts from all divisions

and functions assess the group’s exposure within their respective domains. These divisional and functional assessments are also

subjected to review and challenge by risk subject matter experts, establishing the final risk positions across the organization.

Deutsche Bank maintains an ISO 27001-compliant information security management system (ISMS) to protect

information assets. The system facilitates the comprehensive identification, assessment, and mitigation of risks through

the holistic integration of security controls across the entire workforce, operational processes, and technological

infrastructure. It defines the foundational objectives and principles of the bank's security architecture and strategy,

consistent with its overarching governance framework for policies and operational risk management directives.

The ISMS is comprehensively supported by a structured suite of policies, procedures, and controls that clearly define

responsibilities for all employees, designated security roles, and third parties. It also sets forth objectives and processes

for security functions, including access management, threat intelligence, and incident response.

Continuous monitoring and iterative improvement are integral to the ISMS, ensuring adaptability to evolving threats and

vulnerabilities. The framework undergoes an annual strategic review, with all updates approved by the Group CSO. Its

established processes are centrally governed and applied throughout the bank. Unit-specific guidelines further detail

operational implementation, demonstrating a strong commitment to established security standards.

The bank’s ISMS has been certified by an accredited certification body according to ISO 27001 for all information

security domains defined within that standard since 2012. To maintain its ISO 27001 certification, the bank performs a

full recertification process every three years, with the latest taking place in 2024, and included the upgrade of its ISMS to

the 2022 version of ISO 27001. Furthermore, the bank performs an annual surveillance audit designed to ensure

compliance between certification intervals with the most recent surveillance audit conducted in 2025.

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Actions and resources

To address the evolving threat landscape, Deutsche Bank employs a variety of prevention methods and controls. These include,

for example, network security, identity and access management, endpoint and data security (including data classification and

leakage prevention), threat intelligence, cyber hygiene, and encryption solutions. These preventive controls are backed by a

threat-driven detection setup and a robust incident response process.

Deutsche Bank has established a holistic information security program with appropriate staffing, tooling, and processes. The

bank continually reviews and enhances its information security controls through multiple layers of technology, including

databases, infrastructure, devices, and applications. This is complemented by organizational controls and security training and

awareness. The purpose of this layered approach is to strengthen end-to-end protection by utilizing multiple opportunities to

prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from cyber threats.

Deutsche Bank leverages various mechanisms to self-identify areas for improvements and control enhancements. These

encompass comprehensive security testing including red teaming and threat-led penetration testing, security problem

management, and lessons learned. Deutsche Bank´s Group Audit provides independent, risk-based assurance by periodically

assessing the design and operating effectiveness of key information security controls within the ISMS. The bank’s overall

information security program is evaluated on a regular basis by third-party organizations which include external auditors,

regulators and security testing organizations.

The bank actively shares security best practices and threat information with national and international security organizations,

government authorities, and peer organizations. These relationships help ensure that the bank’s security technology and

procedures reflect current financial industry best practices and keep pace with the evolving threat environment.

As digitalization advances, the need to enhance societal literacy on information security topics grows. Deutsche Bank addresses

this need by educating and informing through informational materials, publicly provided via its dedicated client-facing security

website covering security-related topics and highlighting information security threats (including those related to emerging

technologies like AI, deepfakes and phishing via quick response (QR) codes), best practices for secure behavior, and links to

relevant resources. To strengthen trust, additionally, an overview of the bank's protective measures is provided. Client

interaction also encompasses presentation of security topics at client events and responses to client inquiries on security topics

by its client relationship managers.

Deutsche Bank requires yearly mandatory information security baseline training for all employees and eligible contractor staff.

This training encompasses the content of the information security policy, the process to report security incidents or any other

security-related concerns, as well as important and current security threats. To ensure relevance and to comply with internal

standards, the training is updated at least on a yearly basis. For Deutsche Bank employees, failure to complete this training and

late completion can result in disciplinary consequences. In 2025, a learning completion rate of 99,66% was achieved for the e-

learning-based mandatory information security training, compared to 99,65% in 2024.

Deutsche Bank’s security incident management provides ongoing coverage for security events that may affect the bank, its

clients and business partners, or employees. The bank’s Cyber Threat Operations Centers located in Asia Pacific, Europe and

USA support global and group-wide detection of threats and response to incidents 24/7. The related management and

reporting processes performed with involvement of subject matter experts, such as divisional CISOs, Compliance, Legal, Group

Communications and Group Data Privacy, are designed to enable a quick and effective response to cyberattacks and

information security threats. The objective is to minimize the risk of impacts on Deutsche Bank and to use insights gained from

incident handling to continuously improve the bank’s processes.

Information security risks of third parties are managed by Deutsche Bank through a combination of capabilities, implementing a

comprehensive approach to mitigate these risks. Key components include the bank’s global third-party risk management

program, which is designed to identify, monitor, and mitigate risks associated with third-party engagements. In combination,

the bank requires adherence to an information security policy with specific security controls for third parties, which

include incident notification requirements.

Third parties are also re-assessed periodically based on their criticality (annually or bi-annually) to seek continued

assurance that control requirements are being met. Additionally, third parties are also engaged in response to specific

threats and incidents to assess any impact on the bank.

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Annual Report 2025	Information security

As in prior years, Deutsche Bank in 2025 experienced attacks on computer systems, including attacks aimed at obtaining

unauthorized access to confidential company or client information, damaging or interfering with company data, resources, or

business activities, or otherwise exploiting vulnerabilities in its infrastructure, including attacks that occurred along the bank’s

supply chain. The bank, however, did not experience any material effect on its business strategy, results of operation, or financial

condition due to an information security incident, including attempted cyberattacks.

Consequently, the bank continued to invest in security risk mitigation. In 2025, Deutsche Bank kept advancing its

security capabilities through a multitude of programs encompassing the breadth of the cyber security domain. A few

specific examples are programs such as enhanced threat detection and prevention, advanced identity management

capabilities, and embedding security as part of infrastructure platform modernization and simplification. The bank also

continues to monitor and evaluate emerging technologies to anticipate and prepare for future risk.

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Risk and capital performance

Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Own Funds

The calculation of Deutsche Bank’s own funds incorporates the capital requirements following the “Regulation (EU)

No 575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions” (CRR) and the “Directive 2013/36/EU on access to the

activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions” (CRD), which have been further

amended with subsequent Regulations and Directives. The CRD has been implemented into German law. The

information in this section as well as in the section “Development of risk-weighted assets” is based on the regulatory

principles of consolidation.

This section refers to the capital adequacy of the group of entities consolidated for banking regulatory purposes

pursuant to the CRR and the German Banking Act (“Kreditwesengesetz” or “KWG”), which does not include insurance

companies and companies outside the finance sector.

The total own funds pursuant to the effective regulations as of year-end 2025 comprises Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Tier 1

capital is subdivided into Common Equity Tier 1 capital and Additional Tier 1 capital.

CET 1 capital consists primarily of common share capital (net of own holdings) including related share premium

accounts, retained earnings (including losses for the financial year, if any) and accumulated other comprehensive income,

subject to prudential filters and regulatory adjustments as well as minority interests qualifying for inclusion in

consolidated CET 1 capital. Prudential filters for CET 1 capital, according to Articles 32 to 35 CRR, include securitization

gains on sale, cash flow hedges and changes in the value of own liabilities, and additional value adjustments. CET 1

capital regulatory adjustments for instance includes intangible assets (exceeding their prudential value), temporary

treatment of unrealized gains and losses measured at fair value through OCI in accordance with Article 468 CRR which

was discontinued in the fourth quarter of 2025, deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability, negative amounts

resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts, net defined benefit pension fund assets, reciprocal cross

holdings in the capital of financial sector entities and, significant and non-significant investments in the capital (CET 1,

AT1, Tier 2) of financial sector entities above certain thresholds. All items which are not deducted (i.e., amounts below

the threshold) are subject to risk-weighting.

Additional Tier 1 capital consists of AT1 capital instruments and related share premium accounts as well as

noncontrolling interests qualifying for inclusion in consolidated AT1 capital. To qualify as AT1 capital under CRR/CRD,

instruments must have principal loss absorption through a conversion to common shares or a write-down mechanism

allocating losses at a trigger point and must also meet further requirements such as perpetual with no incentive to

redeem and institution must have full dividend/coupon discretion at all times.

Tier 2 capital comprises eligible capital instruments, the related share premium accounts and subordinated long-term

debt, certain loan loss provisions and noncontrolling interests that qualify for inclusion in consolidated Tier 2 capital. To

qualify as Tier 2 capital, capital instruments or subordinated debt must have an original maturity of at least five years.

Moreover, eligible capital instruments may inter alia not contain an incentive to redeem, a right of investors to accelerate

repayment, or a credit sensitive dividend feature.

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Capital instruments

The Management Board was authorized by the 2024 Annual General Meeting to buy, on or before April 30, 2029, shares

of up to 10% of the share capital at the time this resolution was taken or, if lower, of the share capital at the respective

time the authorization was exercised. As at the 2024 Annual General Meeting, this corresponded to a volume of up to

199.5 million shares. Thereof, a volume of up to 5% of the total share capital or 99.7 million shares can be purchased by

using derivatives, including derivatives with a volume of up to 2% of the total share capital with a maturity exceeding 18

months. During the period from the 2024 Annual General Meeting until the 2025 Annual General Meeting, 34.6 million

shares were purchased for equity compensation purposes in the same period or upcoming periods. Thereof, 21.3 million

shares were purchased by exercising call options. In addition, 22.7 million new call options were purchased for equity

compensation purposes in upcoming periods. Furthermore, 27.9 million shares were purchased for cancellation with the

purpose of distributing capital to shareholders in the same period. Thereof, 20.9 million shares were acquired as part of

the share buyback program of € 675 million in 2024 and were cancelled at the beginning of the year 2025; and

7.0 million shares were acquired as part of the share buyback program of € 750 million in 2025. The number of shares

held in Treasury amounted to 12.9 million as of the 2025 Annual General Meeting. Thereof, 7.0 million shares relate to

shares bought back for cancellation as part of the € 750 million share buyback program in 2025. The remaining volume of

5.9 million shares relates to shares to be used for equity compensation purposes in upcoming periods.

The Annual General Meeting on May 22, 2025 granted the Management Board the approval to buy, on or before April 30,

2030, shares of up to 10% of the share capital at the time of this resolution was taken or, if lower, of the share capital at

the respective time the authorization was exercised. As at the 2025 Annual General Meeting, this corresponded to

194.8 million shares. Thereof, a volume of up to 5% of the total share capital or 97.4 million shares can be purchased by

using derivatives, including derivatives with a volume of up to 2% of the total share capital with a maturity exceeding 18

months. These authorizations replaced the authorizations of the previous year. During the period from the 2025 Annual

General Meeting until December 31, 2025, 4.6 million shares were purchased for equity compensation purposes in

upcoming periods and 30.6 million shares were purchased for cancellation with the purpose of distributing capital to

shareholders. Thereof, 22.3 million shares were purchased as part of the € 750 million share buyback program and

8.4 million shares were acquired as part of the € 250 million share buyback program. In December 2025, a total number

of 37.7 million shares were cancelled. The number of shares held in Treasury amounted to 7.7 million shares as of

December 31, 2025. The shares will be used for equity compensation purposes in upcoming periods.

Since the 2017 Annual General Meeting, renewed at the 2021 Annual General Meeting and valid until the 2025 Annual

General Meeting, authorized capital available to the Management Board was € 2,560 million (1,000 million shares). At the

2025 Annual General Meeting this authorized capital was replaced by a new authorized capital of € 2,493 million

(973.8 million shares). As of December 31, 2025 this authorization has not been utilized and authorized capital remains at

€ 2,493 million.

Since the 2022 Annual General Meeting and until the 2025 Annual General Meeting, the Management Board was

authorized to issue participatory notes and other hybrid debt securities that fulfill the regulatory requirements to qualify

as Additional Tier 1 capital with an equivalent value of € 9 billion. In this period Deutsche Bank issued € 5.75 billion new

AT1 notes, thereof € 1.5 billion in March 2025. Since the 2025 Annual General Meeting the Management Board is

authorized to issue participatory notes and other hybrid debt securities that fulfill the regulatory requirements to qualify

as Additional Tier 1 capital with an equivalent value of € 12 billion on or before April 30, 2030. Under this authorization as

of December 31, 2025 Deutsche Bank issued € 1.0 billion new AT1 notes.

Based on the current CRR, the amount recognized as regulatory AT1 capital amounted to € 11.5 billion. The

corresponding nominal amount of outstanding AT1 instruments was € 11.7 billion as of December 31, 2025. In 2025, AT1

instruments with a nominal value of € 2.4 billion were called. The bank issued new AT1 notes with a nominal amount of

€ 2.5 billion in 2025.

As of December 31, 2025, the amount recognized as regulatory Tier 2 amounted capital to € 7.1 billion. The

corresponding nominal amount of outstanding Tier 2 instruments was € 8.3 billion as of December 31, 2025. In 2025,

Tier 2 instruments with a nominal value of € 2.8 billion matured and € 0.1 billion became ineligible. There were no new

issuances of Tier 2 instruments in 2025.

115

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Prudential requirements and additional buffers

The Pillar 1 CET 1 minimum capital requirement applicable to the Group is 4.50% of RWA. The Pillar 1 total capital

requirement of 8.00% demands further resources that may be met with up to 1.50% Additional Tier 1 capital and up to

2.00% Tier 2 capital.

Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in supervisory measures such as restrictions of profit

distributions or limitations on certain businesses such as lending. Deutsche Bank complied with the minimum regulatory

capital adequacy requirements in 2025.

In addition to these minimum capital requirements, the following combined capital buffer requirements were fully

effective beginning 2025 onwards. These buffer requirements must be met in addition to the Pillar 1 minimum capital

requirements but can be drawn down in times of economic stress.

The capital conservation buffer is implemented in Section 10c German Banking Act, based on Article 129 CRD and

equals a requirement of 2.50% CET 1 capital of RWA.

The countercyclical capital buffer is deployed in a jurisdiction when excess credit growth is associated with an increase in

system-wide risk. It may vary between 0% and 2.50% CET 1 capital of RWA. In exceptional cases, it could also be higher

than 2.50%. The institution-specific countercyclical buffer that applies to Deutsche Bank is the weighted average of the

countercyclical capital buffers that apply in the jurisdictions where relevant credit exposures are located. As per

December 31, 2025, the institution-specific countercyclical capital buffer was at 0.50%.

In addition to the aforementioned buffers, national authorities, such as the BaFin, may require a systemic risk buffer to

prevent and mitigate long-term non-cyclical systemic or macro-prudential risks that are not covered by the CRR. They

can require an additional buffer of up to 5.00% CET 1 capital of RWA. As of the year end 2025, the systemic risk buffer

applied to Deutsche Bank is 0.14%.

Deutsche Bank continues to be designated as a global systemically important institution (G-SII) by the BaFin resulting in

a G-SII buffer requirement of 1.50% CET 1 capital of RWA in 2025. 2025 BaFin has announced that the G-SII buffer

requirement for Deutsche Bank will be reduced to 1.00% for the year 2026.

Additionally, Deutsche Bank has been classified by BaFin as an “other systemically important institution” (O-SII) with an

additional capital buffer requirement of 2.00% in 2025 that has to be met on a consolidated level and remains

unchanged for 2026. The higher of the buffers for systemically important institutions (G-SII buffer or O-SII buffer) must

be applied. 

Pursuant to the Pillar 2 SREP, the ECB may impose capital requirements on individual banks which are more stringent

than statutory requirements (so-called Pillar 2 requirement). 

In December 2024, the ECB informed Deutsche Bank of its decision effective January 1, 2025, that the bank’s Pillar 2

requirement changed compared to 2024. This resulted in ECB’s Pillar 2 requirement amounting to 2.90% of RWA. As of

December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank needs to maintain on a consolidated basis a CET 1 ratio of at least 11.26%, a Tier 1

ratio of at least 13.31% and a Total Capital ratio of at least 16.03%. The CET 1 requirement comprises the Pillar 1

minimum capital requirement of 4.50%, the Pillar 2 requirement (SREP add-on) of 1.63%, the capital conservation buffer

of 2.50%, the countercyclical buffer of 0.50% and the systemic risk buffer of 0.14% (both subject to changes throughout

the year) as well as the higher of the bank´s G-SII/O-SII buffer of 2.00%. Correspondingly, the Tier 1 capital requirement

includes additionally a Tier 1 minimum capital requirement of 1.50% plus a Pillar 2 requirement of 0.54%, and the Total

Capital requirement includes further a Tier 2 minimum capital requirement of 2.00% and a Pillar 2 requirement of

0.72%.In addition, ECB communicated to Deutsche Bank an individual expectation to maintain a further Pillar 2 CET 1

capital add-on commonly referred to as the Pillar 2 guidance. This capital add-on is separate from and in addition to the

Pillar 2 requirement. The ECB expects banks to meet the Pillar 2 guidance although it is not legally binding, and failure to

meet the Pillar 2 guidance does not lead to automatic restrictions of capital distributions.

On October 28, 2025, Deutsche Bank was informed by the ECB of its decision regarding prudential minimum capital

requirements for 2026 that applies from January 1, 2026, onwards, following the results of the 2025 SREP. The decision

set ECB’s Pillar 2 requirement to 2.85% of RWA, effective as of January 1, 2026, of which at least 1.60% must be covered

by CET 1 capital and 2.14% by Tier 1 capital.

The following table gives an overview of the different Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 minimum capital buffer requirements (but

excluding the Pillar 2 guidance) as applicable to Deutsche Bank for the years 2025 and 2026.

116

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Overview prudential requirements and additional buffers

		2025		2026
Pillar 1
Minimum CET 1 requirement		4.50%		4.50%
Combined buffer requirement		5.13%		5.15%
Capital Conservation Buffer		2.50%		2.50%
Countercyclical Buffer¹		0.50%		0.52%
Systemic Risk Buffer²		0.14%		0.14%
Maximum of:		2.00%		2.00%
G-SII Buffer		1.50%		1.00%
O-SII Buffer		2.00%		2.00%
Pillar 2
Pillar 2 SREP Add-on of Total capital (excluding the "Pillar 2" guidance)		2.90%		2.85%
of which covered by CET 1 capital		1.63%		1.60%
of which covered by Tier 1 capital		2.18%		2.14%
of which covered by Tier 2 capital		0.72%		0.71%
Total CET 1 requirement from Pillar 1 and 2³		11.26%		11.25%
Total Tier 1 requirement from Pillar 1 and 2		13.31%		13.29%
Total capital requirement from Pillar 1 and 2		16.03%		16.00%
Pillar 1 Leverage Ratio minimum requirement		3.00%		3.00%
Pillar 2 Leverage Ratio requirement		0.10%		0.10%
G-SII Leverage Ratio Buffer		0.75%		0.50%
Total Leverage Ratio requirement		3.85%		3.60%

1Deutsche Bank’s countercyclical buffer requirement is subject to country-specific buffer rates decreed by EBA and the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision (BCBS)

as well as Deutsche Bank’s relevant credit exposures as per respective reporting date; the countercyclical buffer rate for 2026 has been calculated to be 0.52% based on

known countercyclical buffer changes in 2026; the countercyclical buffer is subject to Deutsche Bank portfolio changes and further changes of countercyclical buffer

rates throughout the year

2The Systemic risk buffer rate for 2026 has been calculated to be 0.14% based on known systemic risk buffer changes in 2026; the systemic risk buffer is subject to

Deutsche Bank portfolio changes and further changes in systemic risk buffer rates throughout the year

3The total Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 CET 1 requirement (excluding the “Pillar 2” guidance) is calculated as the sum of the SREP requirement, the systemic risk buffer requirement,

the capital conservation buffer requirement and countercyclical buffer requirement as well as the higher of the G-SII/O-SII requirement

The Group’s Pillar 1 Tier 1 capital requirement applicable is 3.00% of leverage exposure. An additional leverage ratio

buffer requirement, equivalent to 50% of the applicable G-SII buffer rate, also applies. For Deutsche Bank, this additional

requirement equals 0.75% for 2025 and 0.50% for 2026. Furthermore, the ECB has set a Pillar 2 requirement for the

leverage ratio of 0.10%. This adds up to a total leverage ratio requirement of 3.85% for 2025. In addition, ECB

communicated to Deutsche Bank an individual expectation to maintain a further Pillar 2 Tier 1 capital add-on in relation

to leverage ratio, commonly referred to as the Pillar 2 guidance. This capital add-on is separate from and in addition to

the Pillar 2 requirement. The ECB expects banks to meet the Pillar 2 guidance although it is not legally binding, and

failure to meet the Pillar 2 guidance does not lead to automatic restrictions of capital distributions.

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Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Development of Own Funds

Deutsche Bank’s CET 1 capital as of December 31, 2025, amounted to € 49.3 billion, a decrease of € 0.2 billion compared

to € 49.5 billion at the end of 2024. AT1 capital was € 11.5 billion as of December 31, 2025, an increase of € 0.1 billion

compared to € 11.4 billion at the end of 2024. Tier 1 capital was € 60.8 billion as of December 31, 2025, broadly stable

compared to the end of 2024. Tier 2 capital amounted to € 7.1 billion as of December 31, 2025, a decrease of

€ 0.6 billion compared to € 7.7 billion at the end of 2024. Total capital amounted to € 67.8 billion as of December 31,

2025, a decrease of € 0.7 billion compared to € 68.5 billion at the end of 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank's CET1 ratio was 14.2%, an increase of 40 basis points compared to December 31,

2024. This development was primarily driven by lower RWA as outlined in “Development of risk-weighted assets” section,

partly offset by a decrease in CET1 capital as outlined below. The initial effect of the implementation of CRR3 amounted

to 1 basis point, comprising a CET1 capital reduction of € 0.4 billion and an overall decrease of € 3.4 billion in RWA.

CET 1 capital decreased by € 0.2 billion during 2025. This development included a net profit of € 6.9 billion for the year

2025 reduced by regulatory deductions for future shareholder distribution and AT1 coupon payments of € 3.6 billion

which is in line with the ECB Decision (EU) (2015/656) on the recognition of interim or year-end profits in CET 1 capital in

accordance with the Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (ECB/2015/4). In addition, the decrease in CET 1

capital was driven by accumulated other comprehensive income which includes currency translation adjustments of

€ 3.2 billion, discontinuation of the temporary treatment of unrealized gains and losses measured at fair value through

OCI in accordance with Article 468 CRR by € 1.0 billion, higher deduction for non-performing exposures of € 0.4 billion,

effects from the completion of the second share buyback program of € 0.3 billion and collective investment

undertakings not included in RWA of € 0.2 billion. These reductions were partially offset by lower deductions from

deferred tax assets of € 0.9 billion, expected loss shortfall of € 0.5 billion as well as goodwill and other intangibles of

€ 0.2 billion.

The AT1 capital increase of € 0.1 billion was mainly due to the issuance of two new AT1 capital instruments during the

year amounting to €2.5 billion, reduced by the exercised call options on two instruments with a total principal amount of

€ 2.4 billion (U.S.$2.75 billion equivalent).

The Tier 2 capital decrease of € 0.6 billion was mainly due to foreign exchange effects of € 0.6 billion and € 0.3 billion

due to amortization. This was partly offset by an increase of € 0.3 billion in carrying amount change arising from accrued

interest and fair value hedge.

118

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Own Funds Template (including RWA and capital ratios)

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital: instruments and reserves
Capital instruments, related share premium accounts and other reserves		42,983		44,130
Retained earnings		21,149		19,978
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(4,159)		(1,229)
Independently reviewed interim profits net of any foreseeable charge or dividend1		3,347		801
Other		917		1,020
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital before regulatory adjustments		64,237		64,700
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital: regulatory adjustments
Additional value adjustments (negative amount)		(1,667)		(1,680)
Other prudential filters (other than additional value adjustments)		296		95
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(5,045)		(5,277)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability excluding those arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liabilities where the conditions in Art. 38 (3) CRR are met) (negative amount)		(2,533)		(3,463)
Negative amounts resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts		(2,579)		(3,037)
Defined benefit pension fund assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(1,135)		(1,173)
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by an institution of own CET 1 instruments (negative amount)		—		—
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by the institution of the CET 1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities (amount above the 10%/15% thresholds and net of eligible short positions) (negative amount)		—		—
Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liabilities where the conditions in Art. 38 (3) CRR are met) (amount above the 10%/15% thresholds) (negative amount)		—		—
Regulatory adjustments relating to unrealized gains and losses pursuant to Art. 468 CRR		—		1,012
Other regulatory adjustments2		(2,309)		(1,721)
Total regulatory adjustments to Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital		(14,971)		(15,244)
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital		49,266		49,457
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital: instruments
Capital instruments and the related share premium accounts		11,648		11,508
Amount of qualifying items referred to in Art. 484 (4) CRR and the related share premium accounts subject to phase out from AT1		—		—
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital before regulatory adjustments		11,648		11,508
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital: regulatory adjustments
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by an institution of own AT1 instruments (negative amount)		(130)		(130)
Residual amounts deducted from AT1 capital with regard to deduction from CET 1 capital during the transitional period pursuant to Art. 472 CRR		—		—
Other regulatory adjustments		—		—
Total regulatory adjustments to Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital		(130)		(130)
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital		11,518		11,378
Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET 1 + AT1)		60,784		60,835
Tier 2 (T2) capital		7,050		7,676
Total capital (TC = T1 + T2)		67,834		68,511
Total risk-weighted assets		347,133		357,427
Capital ratios
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		14.2		13.8
Tier 1 capital ratio (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		17.5		17.0
Total capital ratio (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		19.5		19.2

1Full year profit is recognized as per ECB Decision (EU) 2015/656 in accordance with the Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (ECB/2015/4); current year profits

of € 6.9 billion reduced by deductions for future shareholder distribution of € 3.1 billion and AT1 coupons of € 0.5 billion

2Includes capital deductions of € 1.4 billion (December 2024: € 1.4 billion) based on ECB guidance on irrevocable payment commitments related to the Single Resolution

Fund and the Deposit Guarantee Scheme, € 0.7 billion (December 2024: € 0.3 billion) based on ECB's supervisory recommendation for a prudential provisioning of non-

performing exposures

119

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Reconciliation of shareholders’ equity to Own Funds

		CRR/CRD
in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Total shareholders’ equity per accounting balance sheet (IASB IFRS)		69,015		68,709
Difference between equity per IASB IFRS/EU IFRS³		(2,082)		(2,433)
Total shareholders’ equity per accounting balance sheet (EU IFRS)		66,933		66,276
Deconsolidation/Consolidation of entities		(24)		(24)
Of which:
Additional paid-in capital		—		—
Retained earnings		(16)		(24)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(9)		—
Total shareholders' equity per regulatory balance sheet		66,909		66,252
Minority Interests (amount allowed in consolidated CET 1)		917		1,020
AT1 coupon and shareholder distribution deduction1		(3,585)		(2,565)
Capital instruments not eligible under CET 1 as per CRR 28(1)		(4)		(7)
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital before regulatory adjustments		64,237		64,700
Prudential filters		(1,371)		(1,585)
Of which:
Additional value adjustments		(1,667)		(1,680)
Any increase in equity that results from securitized assets		—		—
Fair value reserves related to gains or losses on cash flow hedges and gains or losses on liabilities designated at fair value resulting from changes in own credit standing		296		95
Regulatory adjustments		(13,600)		(13,659)
Of which:
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(5,045)		(5,277)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability		(2,533)		(3,463)
Negative amounts resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts		(2,579)		(3,037)
Defined benefit pension fund assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(1,135)		(1,173)
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by the institution of the CET 1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities		—		—
Securitization positions not included in risk-weighted assets		—		—
Collective Investment Undertakings (CIU) not included in risk-weighted assets		(214)		—
Regulatory adjustments relating to unrealized gains and losses pursuant to Art. 468 CRR		—		1,012
Others2		(2,094)		(1,721)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital		49,266		49,457

1 Full year profit is recognized as per ECB Decision (EU) 2015/656 in accordance with the Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (ECB/2015/4); current year

deductions include deductions for future shareholder distribution of € 3.1 billion and AT1 coupons of € 0.5 billion

2 Includes capital deductions of € 1.4 billion (December 31, 2024: € 1.4 billion) based on ECB guidance on irrevocable payment commitments related to the Single

Resolution Fund and the Deposit Guarantee Scheme, € 0.7 billion (December 31, 2024: € 0.3 billion) based on ECB’s supervisory recommendation for a prudential

provisioning of non-performing exposures

120

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Development of Own Funds

		CRR/CRD
in € m.		twelve months ended Dec 31, 2025		twelve months ended Dec 31, 2024
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital - opening amount		49,457		48,066
Common shares, net effect		(215)		(115)
Additional paid-in capital		(1,460)		(430)
Retained earnings		7,301		3,341
Common shares in treasury, net effect/(+) sales (–) purchase		528		(232)
Movements in accumulated other comprehensive income		(2,929)		530
AT1 coupon and shareholder distribution deduction¹		(3,585)		(2,565)
Additional value adjustments		13		47
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		232		(263)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability (excluding those arising from temporary differences)		930		744
Negative amounts resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts		458		(651)
Defined benefit pension fund assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		37		(253)
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by the institution of the CET 1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities		—		—
Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences (amount above 10% and 15% threshold, net of related tax liabilities where the conditions in Art. 38 (3) CRR are met)		—		—
Other, including regulatory adjustments		(1,501)		1,238
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital - closing amount		49,266		49,457
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) Capital – opening amount		11,378		8,328
New Additional Tier 1 eligible capital issues		2,500		2,950
Matured and called instruments		(2,360)		—
Other, including regulatory adjustments		—		100
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) Capital – closing amount		11,518		11,378
Tier 1 capital		60,784		60,835
Tier 2 (T2) capital – closing amount		7,050		7,676
Total regulatory capital		67,834		68,511

1Full year profit is recognized as per ECB Decision (EU) 2015/656 in accordance with the Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (ECB/2015/4); current year

deductions include deductions for future shareholder distribution of € 3.1 billion and AT1 coupons of  € 0.5 billion

Minimum loss coverage for Non Performing Exposure (NPE)

In April 2019, the EU published requirements Regulation (EU) 2019/630 amending the CRR (Regulation (EU) No 575/2013) for a

prudential backstop reserve for non-performing exposure (NPE). This regulation results in a Pillar 1 deduction from CET 1 capital

when a minimum loss coverage requirement is not met. It is applied to exposures originated and defaulted after April 25, 2019.

In addition, in March 2018, the ECB published its “Addendum to the ECB Guidance to banks on non-performing loans:

supervisory expectations for prudential provisioning of non-performing exposures” and in August 2019, its “Communication on

supervisory coverage expectations for NPEs”.

The ECB guidance issued is applicable to all newly defaulted loans after April 1, 2018 (ECB - new NPE’s after April 1, 2018) and,

similar to the EU rules, it requires banks to take measures in case a minimum impairment coverage requirement is not met.

Within the annual SREP discussions ECB may impose Pillar 2 measures on banks in case ECB is not confident with measure

taken by the individual bank.

For the year end 2020, the bank introduced a framework to determine the prudential provisioning of non-performing exposure

as a Pillar 2 measure as requested in the before mentioned ECB’s guidance and SREP recommendation.

For the minimum loss coverage expectation for NPE´s arising from clients defaulted before April 1, 2018 (ECB – NPE Stock) a

phase-in path to 100% coverage expectation was envisaged with an annual increase of 10%. In a first step, banks were allocated

to three comparable groups on the basis of the bank’s net NPL ratios as of end-2017 and in a second step an assessment of

capacity regarding the potential impact was carried out for each individual bank with a horizon of end-2026. Deutsche Bank has

been assigned to Group 1 which requires a full applicability of 100% minimum loss coverage by year end 2024 for secured loans

respectively by year end2023 for unsecured loans.

The shortfall between the minimum loss coverage requirements for non-performing exposure and the risk reserves recorded in

line with the IFRS 9 for defaulted (Stage 3) assets amounted to € 657 million as of December 31, 2025 and was deducted from

CET 1. This additional CET 1 charge can be considered as additional regulatory loss reserve and leads to a € 2.6 billion RWA

relief.

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Non-performing exposure loss coverage

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Exposure value1		Total minimum coverage requirement		Available coverage		Applicable amount of insufficient coverage
Corporate Bank		2,954		838		1,520		163
Investment Bank		10,931		2,709		4,700		362
Private Bank		7,276		1,735		4,090		61
Asset Management		—		—		—		—
Corporate & Other		791		106		254		70
Total		21,952		5,388		10,563		657

1Exposure value in accordance with Article 47c CRR

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Exposure value1		Total minimum coverage requirement		Available coverage		Applicable amount of insufficient coverage
Corporate Bank		4,107		696		1,818		48
Investment Bank		9,602		3,355		4,986		171
Private Bank		8,139		1,224		3,674		53
Asset Management		—		—		—		—
Corporate & Other		969		58		177		29
Total		22,817		5,334		10,654		302

1Exposure value in accordance with Article 47c CRR

Development of risk-weighted assets

The table below provides an overview of RWA broken down by risk type and segment. It includes the aggregated effects

of the segmental reallocation of infrastructure related positions, if applicable, as well as reallocations between the

segments. As of December 31, 2025, the output floor for RWA according to CRR3 had no impact on Deutsche Bank´s

RWA based on the currently applicable regulation.

Risk-weighted assets by risk type and segment

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total
Credit Risk		60,942		97,311		77,192		10,192		14,537		260,174
Settlement Risk		—		91		—		—		44		135
Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)		—		2,328		58		3		201		2,591
Market Risk		201		18,809		20		7		2,012		21,050
Operational Risk		10,844		17,873		14,726		5,318		14,422		63,183
Total		71,988		136,412		91,996		15,520		31,216		347,133

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total
Credit Risk		67,115		95,869		82,655		13,683		17,633		276,955
Settlement Risk		—		4		—		—		11		15
Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA)		29		2,907		161		—		334		3,431
Market Risk		248		16,270		27		31		2,390		18,965
Operational Risk		10,784		14,775		14,438		4,700		13,363		58,061
Total		78,176		129,825		97,281		18,414		33,732		357,427

RWA of Deutsche Bank were € 347.1 billion as of December 31, 2025, compared to € 357.4 billion at the end of 2024.

The decrease of € 10.3 billion, thereof € 3.4 billion from the introduction of CRR3, was driven by credit risk RWA and

credit valuation adjustment RWA, partially offset by operational risk RWA and market risk RWA.

Credit risk RWA decreased by € 16.8 billion, including an impact of € 5.0 billion from the introduction of CRR3, as

detailed further below, as well as foreign exchange movements and capital efficiency measures. This was partially offset

by credit risk RWA increases from Deutsche Bank´s business growth in 2025.

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Credit valuation adjustment RWA decreased by € 0.8 billion, primarily driven by reduced exposures, as well as hedging

activities offsetting the initial impact from the introduction of the new Basic Approach under CRR3.

Deutsche Bank´s operational risk RWA increased by € 5.1 billion, driven by the move from the advanced measurement

approach to the new standardized measurement approach for operational risks under CRR3.

Market risk RWA increased by € 2.1 billion, primarily driven by Stressed-Value-at-Risk (SVaR) due to changes in sovereign

bond exposure under Fixed Income and Currencies Trading business.

The tables below provide an analysis of the key drivers for risk-weighted asset movements observed for credit risk, credit

valuation adjustments as well as market risk in the reporting period. They also show the corresponding movements in

minimum capital requirements, which are 8% of RWA.

Development of risk-weighted assets for Credit Risk including Counterparty Credit Risk

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Credit risk RWA		Capital requirements		Credit risk RWA		Capital requirements
Credit risk RWA balance, beginning of year		276,955		22,156		265,789		21,263
Book size		3,645		292		4,944		396
Book quality		(1,371)		(110)		(7,793)		(623)
Model updates		4,110		329		3,668		293
Methodology and policy		(10,901)		(872)		3,443		275
Acquisition and disposals		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange movements		(13,506)		(1,080)		5,410		433
Other		1,242		99		1,494		119
Credit risk RWA balance, end of year		260,174		20,814		276,955		22,156

 

Of which: Development of risk-weighted assets for Counterparty Credit Risk

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Counterparty credit risk RWA		Capital requirements		Counterparty credit risk RWA		Capital requirements
Counterparty credit risk RWA balance, beginning of year		19,470		1,558		19,868		1,589
Book size		1,588		127		(1,194)		(96)
Book quality		(42)		(3)		(47)		(4)
Model updates		(895)		(72)		186		15
Methodology and policy		(169)		(14)		—		—
Acquisition and disposals		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange movements		(1,361)		(109)		657		53
Other		—		—		—		—
Counterparty credit risk RWA balance, end of year		18,590		1,487		19,470		1,558

Organic changes in the Group´s portfolio size and composition are considered in the category “book size”. The category

“book quality” mainly represents the effects from portfolio rating migrations, loss given default, model parameter

recalibrations as well as collateral and netting coverage activities. “Model updates” include model refinements and

advanced model roll out. RWA movements resulting from externally, regulatory-driven changes, e.g., applying new

regulations, are considered in the “methodology and policy” section. “Acquisition and disposals” shows significant

exposure movements which can be clearly assigned to new businesses or disposal-related activities. Changes that

cannot be attributed to the above categories are reflected in the category “other”.

RWA for credit risk decreased by € 16.8 billion, or 6.1%, since December 31, 2024, which was mainly driven by the

categories “foreign exchange movements”, “methodology and policy” as well as “book quality” and was partly offset by

categories “model updates”, “book size” and “other”.

The decrease in category “methodology and policy” reflects impacts from the introduction of CRR3. In this regard, the

two major drivers were the adoption of the rule to deduct exposures for collective investment undertakings that are

assigned to a risk weight of 1,250% and reduced risk weights for exchange traded equity exposures. Additionally, this

category includes impacts from the remediation of regulatory obligations as well as a refinement on the application of

the scaling factor on collaterals, which were partly offset by impacts from the introduction of new margin of

conservatisms on key model inputs.

The decrease in category “book quality” is mainly driven by RWA reductions from capital efficiency measures, partly

offset by counterparty rating deteriorations.

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The aforementioned decreases were partly offset by increases in category “model updates”, primarily due to refinements

of Deutsche Bank´s IRBA model including the recalibration of margin of conservatisms applied on key model inputs.

The increase in category “book size” is reflecting Deutsche Bank´s business growth in 2025, especially within the

Investment Bank and the Corporate Bank, as well as market movements along with higher equity shares in guaranteed

funds, partly offset by capital efficiency measures in the form of synthetic securitizations.

Additionally, the increase in category “other” reflects higher RWA for deferred tax assets, including the effects from the

discontinuation of the temporary treatment of unrealized gains and losses measured at fair value through OCI in

accordance with Article 468 CRR, and investments in financial sector entities.

RWA for counterparty credit risk decreased by € 0.9 billion, or 4.5%, since December 31, 2024, mainly driven by the

decrease in categories “foreign exchange”, “model updates” and “methodology and policy”, partly offset by category

“book size”. The decrease in category “model updates” mainly reflects refinements of internal models. Additionally, the

reduction in category “methodology and policy” is mainly driven by impacts from the introduction of CRR3. The

aforementioned decreases were partly offset by an increase in category “book size”, reflecting a higher trading inventory.

Based on the CRR/CRD regulatory framework, Deutsche Bank is required to calculate RWA using the CVA which takes

into account the credit quality of the bank´s counterparties. RWA for CVA covers the risk of mark-to-market losses on the

expected counterparty risk in connection with OTC derivative exposures and fair-valued securities financing transactions.

Under CRR3, Deutsche Bank applies the Basic Approach for CVA (BA‑CVA) to determine the regulatory capital charges.

Development of risk-weighted assets for Credit Valuation Adjustment

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		CVA RWA		Capital requirements		CVA RWA		Capital requirements
CVA RWA balance, beginning of year		3,431		274		5,276		422
Movement in risk levels		(1,709)		(137)		(1,205)		(96)
Market data changes and recalibrations		—		—		(640)		(51)
Model updates		—		—		—		—
Methodology and policy		868		69		—		—
Acquisitions and disposals		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange movements		—		—		—		—
CVA RWA balance, end of year		2,591		207		3,431		274

The development of CVA RWA is broken down into a number of categories: “Movement in risk levels”, which includes

changes to the portfolio size and composition; “Market data changes and calibrations”, which includes changes in market

data levels and volatilities as well as recalibrations; “Model updates”, which refers to changes to the IMM credit exposure

model that are used for CVA RWA; “Methodology and policy”, which relates to changes to the regulation. Any significant

business acquisitions or disposals would be presented in the category “Acquisitions and disposals”.

As of December 31, 2025, the RWA for CVA amounted to € 2.6 billion, representing a decrease of € 0.8 billion, 24%

compared to December 31, 2024. This includes € 1.7 billion decrease in movement in risk levels (primarily driven by

reduced exposure as well as hedging activities) and € 0.9 billion increase in methodology and policy update (the

introduction of the new basic approach under CRR3).

Development of risk-weighted assets for Market Risk

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		VaR		SVaR		IRC		Other		Total RWA		Total capital requirements
Market risk RWA balance, beginning of year		2,705		6,204		6,268		3,787		18,965		1,517
Movement in risk levels		(1,610)		797		(449)		312		(950)		(76)
Market data changes and recalibrations		1,572		1,933		—		58		3,563		285
Model updates/changes		49		(27)		(168)		—		(147)		(12)
Methodology and policy		—		—		—		(120)		(120)		(10)
Acquisitions and disposals		—		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange movements		—		—		—		(261)		(261)		(21)
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—
Market risk RWA balance, end of year		2,716		8,907		5,651		3,776		21,050		1,684

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		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		VaR		SVaR		IRC		Other		Total RWA		Total capital requirements
Market risk RWA balance, beginning of year		3,750		7,090		7,129		3,542		21,510		1,721
Movement in risk levels		(307)		(513)		(860)		(194)		(1,874)		(150)
Market data changes and recalibrations		(767)		(336)		—		330		(773)		(62)
Model updates/changes		29		(37)		—		—		(8)		(1)
Methodology and policy		—		—		—		—		—		—
Acquisitions and disposals		—		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange movements		—		—		—		109		109		9
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—
Market risk RWA balance, end of year		2,705		6,204		6,268		3,787		18,965		1,517

The analysis for market risk covers movements in the bank’s internal models for value-at-risk (VaR), stressed value-at-risk,

incremental risk charge (IRC) as well as results from the market risk standardized approach (MRSA), which is captured in

the category “Other”. MRSA is used to determine the regulatory capital charge for the specific market risk of trading

book securitizations, for certain types of investment funds and for longevity risk as set out in CRR/CRD regulations.

Market risk RWA movements due to changes in market data levels, volatilities, correlations, liquidity and ratings are

included under the “Market data changes and recalibrations” category. Changes to market risk RWA internal models,

such as methodology enhancements or risk scope extensions, are included in the category “Model updates”. In the

“Methodology and policy” category regulatory driven changes to market risk RWA models and calculations are reported.

Significant new businesses and disposals would be assigned to the line item “Acquisition and disposals”. The impacts of

“Foreign exchange movements” are only calculated for the CRM and Standardized approach methods.

As of December 31, 2025 the RWA for market risk was € 21.0 billion, an increase of € 2.1 billion, or 11% since December 31,

2024. The increase was driven by higher stressed value-at-risk RWA due to changes in sovereign bond exposure under Fixed

Income and Currencies Trading business.

Development of risk-weighted assets for operational risk

The overall increase of RWA for operational risk by € 5.1 billion during 2025 was driven by the transition to the

standardized measurement approach as laid out in the CRR3 as well as the bank’s revenue development as its primary

driver. As this approach does not distinguish operational risk loss event type categories, the related granular reporting of

operational risk exposures is discontinued.

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Economic Capital Adequacy

Deutsche Bank’s internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) aims at maintaining the continuity of the bank on

an ongoing basis. Internal capital adequacy is assessed from an economic perspective as the ratio of economic capital

supply divided by economic capital demand as shown in the table below.

Economic capital supply and demand

in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Components of economic capital supply
Shareholders' equity1		66,933		66,276
Noncontrolling interests2		922		957
AT1 coupon and shareholder distribution deduction1		(3,585)		(2,565)
Gain on sale of securitizations, cash flow hedges		49		(36)
Fair value gains on own debt and debt valuation adjustments, subject to own credit risk		247		131
Additional valuation adjustments		(1,667)		(1,680)
Intangible assets		(3,513)		(3,847)
IFRS deferred tax assets excl. temporary differences		(3,006)		(4,073)
Expected loss shortfall		(2,579)		(3,037)
Defined benefit pension fund assets		(1,137)		(1,174)
Other adjustments1		(2,192)		(2,833)
Economic capital supply		50,474		48,119
Components of economic capital demand
Credit risk		13,395		12,507
Market risk		9,970		8,667
Operational risk		4,960		4,645
Strategic risk		1,980		1,936
Diversification benefit		(4,234)		(3,530)
Total economic capital demand		26,071		24,225
Economic capital adequacy ratio		194%		199%

1Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

2Includes noncontrolling interest up to the economic capital requirement for each subsidiary

The economic capital adequacy ratio was 194% as of December 31, 2025, compared with 199% as of December 31,

2024. The overall decline was due to an increase in economic capital demand for market risk, credit risk and operational

risk which is explained in the section “Risk Profile”. This was partly offset by an increase in economic capital supply.

The increase in economic capital supply by € 2.4 billion compared to year-end 2024 was mainly driven by a positive net

income of € 6.9 billion, lower capital deductions from deferred tax assets of € 1.1 billion, from valuation differences

between carrying and fair values for debt securities held to collect of € 0.7 billion, from expected loss shortfall of

€ 0.5 billion and from intangible assets of € 0.3 billion as well as unrealized gains and losses of € 0.3 billion. These increases

were partly offset by € 3.6 billion from deductions for future shareholder distributions relating to the Group’s 50% payout

ratio policy in respect of financial year 2025 and accrued AT1 coupon payments, € 3.2 billion from foreign currency

translation adjustments, € 0.3 billion of executed share buyback program, € 0.1 billion from equity compensation and

€ 0.1 billion from actuarial gains and losses.

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Leverage Ratio

Leverage Ratio according to CRR/CRD framework

The non-risk-based leverage ratio is intended to act as a supplementary measure to the risk-based capital requirements.

Its objectives are to constrain the build-up of leverage in the banking sector, helping avoid destabilizing deleveraging

processes which can damage the broader financial system and the economy, and to reinforce the risk-based

requirements with a simple, non-risk based “backstop” measure.

Deutsche Bank calculates its leverage ratio exposure in accordance with Articles 429 to 429g of the CRR.

The Group’s total leverage ratio exposure includes derivatives, securities financing transactions (SFTs), off-balance sheet

exposure and other on-balance sheet exposure (excluding derivatives and SFTs).

The leverage exposure for derivatives is calculated by using a modified version of the standardized approach for

counterparty credit risk (SA-CCR), comprising the current replacement cost plus a regulatory defined add-on for the

potential future exposure. The effective notional amount of written credit derivatives, i.e., the notional reduced by any

negative fair value changes that have been incorporated in Tier 1 capital is included in the leverage ratio exposure

measure; the resulting exposure measure is further reduced by the effective notional amount of purchased credit

derivative protection on the same reference name provided certain conditions are met.

The SFT component includes the gross receivables for SFTs, which are netted with SFT payables if specific conditions are

met. In addition to the gross exposure a regulatory add-on for the counterparty credit risk is included.

The off-balance sheet exposure component follows the standardized approach for credit risk with credit risk conversion

factors (CCF) based on five different buckets (100% for bucket 1, 50% for bucket 2, 40% for bucket 3, 20% for bucket 4

and 10% for bucket 5).

The on-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives and SFTs) component reflects the accounting values of the assets

(excluding derivatives, SFTs and regular-way purchases and sales awaiting settlement). The exposure value of regular-

way purchases and sales awaiting settlement is determined as offset between those cash receivables and cash payables

where the related regular-way sales and purchases are both settled on a delivery-versus payment basis.

Assets can be excluded from the leverage ratio exposure measure if they have been deducted in the determination of

Tier 1 capital. The corresponding regulatory adjustments are reflected in the asset amounts deducted in determining

Tier 1 capital component.

The following tables show the leverage ratio exposure and the leverage ratio. For further details on Tier 1 capital please

also refer to the section “Development of Own Funds”.

Summary reconciliation of accounting assets and leverage ratio exposures

in € bn.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Total assets as per published financial statements		1,435		1,387
Adjustment for entities which are consolidated for accounting purposes but are outside the scope of regulatory consolidation		(2)		2
Adjustments for derivative financial instruments		(113)		(156)
Adjustment for securities financing transactions (SFTs)		8		4
Adjustment for off-balance sheet items (i.e., conversion to credit equivalent amounts of off-balance sheet exposures)		128		158
Other adjustments		(128)		(79)
Leverage ratio total exposure measure		1,327		1,316

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Leverage ratio common disclosure

in € bn. (unless stated otherwise)		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Tier 1 capital		60.8		60.8
Derivative exposures		130		137
Securities financing transaction exposures		159		152
Off-balance sheet exposures		128		158
On-balance sheet exposures (excluding derivatives and SFTs)		924		883
Asset amounts deducted in determining Tier 1 capital		(13)		(13)
Leverage ratio total exposure measure		1,327		1,316
Leverage ratio (in %)		4.6		4.6

Factors impacting the leverage ratio

As of December 31, 2025, Tier 1 capital was € 60.8 billion, essentially flat compared to the prior year. For main drivers of

the Tier 1 capital development please refer to section “Development of Own Funds”.

During the year 2025 the leverage exposure increased by € 11.5 billion to € 1,327.4 billion, largely driven by on-balance

sheet exposures (excluding derivatives and SFTs), which increased by € 41.5 billion, and the leverage exposure for

securities financing transactions (SFTs), which increased by € 7.1 billion, both largely in line with the development on the

balance sheet. For additional information on the development of the balance sheet please refer to the section

“Movements in assets and liabilities” in this report. These increases were partly offset by off-balance sheet leverage

exposures, which declined by € 30.4 billion, of which € 15.7 billion related to a changed treatment of chargeback risk in a

specific payments business and € 11.3 billion impact from changed credit conversion factors under CRR3. Furthermore,

the leverage exposure related to derivatives decreased by € 6.9 billion, driven by replacement costs under the

standardized approach for Counterparty Credit Risk (SA-CCR) and effective notional amounts of written credit

derivatives, partly offset by potential future exposure add-ons under SA-CCR.

The development of the leverage exposure in 2025 included a negative foreign exchange impact of € 70.6 billion, mainly

due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar versus the euro. The effects from foreign exchange rate movements are

embedded in the movement of the leverage exposure items discussed in this section.

As of December 31, 2025, the leverage ratio was 4.6%, essentially flat compared to December 31, 2024. This takes into

account a Tier 1 capital of € 60.8 billion over an applicable exposure measure of € 1,327.4 billion as of December 31,

2025 (€ 60.8 billion and € 1,315.9 billion as of December 31, 2024, respectively).

The initial effect of the implementation of CRR3 amounted to 6 basis points, comprising a Tier 1 capital reduction of

€ 0.4 billion and a decrease of € 27.0 billion in leverage exposure.

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Minimum Requirement of Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities and Total Loss

Absorbing Capacity

MREL Requirements

The minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) was introduced by the European Union’s

regulation establishing uniform rules and a uniform procedure for the resolution of credit institutions (Single Resolution

Mechanism Regulation or SRMR) and the European Union’s Directive establishing a framework for the recovery and

resolution of credit institutions (Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive or BRRD) as implemented into German law by

the German Recovery and Resolution Act.

The currently required level of MREL is determined by the competent resolution authorities for each supervised bank

individually, depending on the respective preferred resolution strategy. In the case of Deutsche Bank AG, MREL is

determined by the Single Resolution Board. While there is no statutory minimum level of MREL, the SRMR, BRRD and a

delegated regulation set out criteria which the resolution authority must consider when determining the relevant

required level of MREL. Guidance is provided through an MREL policy published annually by the SRB. Any binding MREL

ratio determined by the SRB is communicated to Deutsche Bank via the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority

(BaFin).

As a result of its regular annual review the SRB has updated Deutsche Bank AG’s binding MREL ratio requirements in the

second quarter of 2025 applicable immediately. The MREL ratio requirement on a consolidated basis is now 25.98% of

RWA and 7.03% of LRE, of which 19.81% of RWA and 7.03% of Leverage Ratio Exposure must be met with own funds and

subordinated instruments.

The combined buffer requirements of 5.13% as of December 31, 2025 must be met in addition to the RWA based MREL

and subordinated MREL requirements.

TLAC Requirements

Since June 27, 2019, Deutsche Bank, as a global systemically important bank, has also become subject to global

minimum standards for its Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (TLAC). The TLAC requirement was implemented via

amendments to the Capital Requirements Regulation and the Capital Requirements Directive provided in June 2019 with

the publication of Regulation (EU) 2019/876 and Directive (EU) 2019/878.

This TLAC requirement is based on both risk-based and non-risk-based denominators and set at the higher-of 18% of

RWA plus the combined buffer requirements and 6.75% of LRE since January 1, 2022.

MREL ratio development

As of December 31, 2025, available MREL were €131.0 billion, corresponding to a ratio of 37.74% of RWA and 9.87% of

LRE. This means that Deutsche Bank has a MREL surplus of € 23.0 billion above Deutsche Bank’s MREL requirement of

€ 108.0 billion (i.e., 31.11% of RWA including combined buffer requirement). Compared to December 31, 2024 the

surplus remained almost unchanged as a higher MREL requirement and lower MREL capacity were offset by lower RWA.

€ 114.9 billion of Deutsche Bank’s available MREL were own funds and subordinated liabilities, corresponding to a MREL

subordination ratio of 33.11% of RWA and 8.7% of LRE, a buffer of € 21.6 billion over Deutsche Bank’s subordination

requirement of € 93.3 billion (i.e., 7.03% of LRE). Compared to December 31, 2024 , the surplus has decreased due to a

higher subordinated MREL requirement, higher LRE and lower own funds and subordinated liabilities.

TLAC ratio development

As of December 31, 2025, TLAC was € 114.9 billion and the corresponding TLAC ratios were 33.11% of RWA and 8.7% of

LRE. This means that Deutsche Bank has a TLAC surplus of € 25.3 billion over its TLAC requirement of € 89.6 billion

(6.75% of LRE). Compared to December 31, 2024 the surplus has decreased due to higher LRE and lower TLAC.

129

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

MREL and TLAC disclosure

in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Regulatory capital elements of TLAC/MREL
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (CET 1)		49,266		49,457
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital instruments eligible under TLAC/MREL		11,518		11,378
Tier 2 (T2) capital instruments eligible under TLAC/MREL
Tier 2 (T2) capital instruments before TLAC/MREL adjustments		7,050		7,676
Tier 2 (T2) capital instruments adjustments for TLAC/MREL		30		628
Tier 2 (T2) capital instruments eligible under TLAC/MREL		7,080		8,304
Total regulatory capital elements of TLAC/MREL		67,864		69,139
Other elements of TLAC/MREL
Senior non-preferred plain vanilla		47,071		49,352
Holdings of eligible liabilities instruments of other G-SIIs (TLAC only)		—		—
Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC)		114,936		118,491
Add back of holdings of eligible liabilities instruments of other G-SIIs (TLAC only)		—		—
Available Own Funds and subordinated Eligible Liabilities (subordinated MREL)		114,936		118,491
Senior preferred plain vanilla		7,706		8,939
Senior preferred structured		8,381		6,441
Available Minimum Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities (MREL)		131,023		133,871
Risk Weighted Assets (RWA)		347,133		357,427
Leverage Ratio Exposure (LRE)		1,327,441		1,315,906
TLAC ratio
TLAC ratio (as percentage of RWA)		33.11		33
TLAC requirement (as percentage of RWA)		23.13		23
TLAC ratio (as percentage of Leverage Exposure)		9		9
TLAC requirement (as percentage of Leverage Exposure)		6.75		7
TLAC surplus over RWA requirement		34,641		35,538
TLAC surplus over LRE requirement		25,334		29,667
MREL subordination
MREL subordination ratio (as percentage of RWA)		33		33
MREL subordination requirement (as percentage of RWA)		25		25
MREL subordination ratio (as percentage of LRE)		9		9
MREL subordination requirement (as percentage of LRE)		7		7
MREL subordination surplus over RWA requirement		28,358		30,570
MREL subordination surplus over LRE requirement		21,617		27,036
MREL ratio
MREL ratio (as percentage of RWA)		38		37
MREL requirement (as percentage of RWA)		31		31
MREL ratio (as percentage of LRE)		10		10
MREL requirement (as percentage of LRE)		7		7
MREL surplus over RWA requirement		23,026		23,146
MREL surplus over LRE requirement		37,704		42,415

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Annual Report 2025	Capital, Leverage Ratio, TLAC and MREL

Own Funds and Eligible Liabilities

To meet the MREL and TLAC requirement, Deutsche Bank needs to ensure that enough eligible liabilities instruments are

maintained. Instruments eligible for MREL and TLAC are regulatory capital instruments (own funds) and liabilities that

meet certain criteria, which are referred to as eligible liabilities.

Own funds used for MREL and TLAC include the full amount of Tier 2 capital instruments with a remaining maturity of

greater than 1 year and less than 5 years which are reflected in regulatory capital on a pro-rata basis only.

Eligible liabilities are liabilities issued out of the resolution entity Deutsche Bank AG that meet eligibility criteria which

are supposed to ensure that they are structurally suited as loss-absorbing capital. As a result, eligible liabilities exclude

deposits which are covered by an insurance deposit protection scheme or which are preferred under German insolvency

law (e.g., deposits from private individuals as well as small and medium-sized enterprises). Among other things, secured

liabilities and derivatives liabilities are generally excluded as well. Debt instruments with embedded derivative features

can be included under certain conditions (e.g., a known and fixed or increasing principal). In addition, eligible liabilities

must have a remaining time to maturity of at least one year and must either be issued under the law of a Member State of

the European Union or must include a bail-in clause in their contractual terms to make write-down or conversion

effective.

In addition, eligible liabilities need to be subordinated to be counted against the TLAC and MREL subordination

requirements. Effective January 1, 2017, the German Banking Act provided for a new class of statutorily subordinated

debt securities that rank as senior non-preferred below the bank’s other senior liabilities (but in priority to the bank’s

contractually subordinated liabilities, such as those qualifying as Tier 2 instruments). Following a harmonization effort by

the European Union implemented in Germany effective July 21, 2018, banks are permitted to now decide if a specific

issuance of eligible senior debt will be in the non-preferred or in the preferred category. Any such senior non-preferred

debt instruments issued by Deutsche Bank AG under such rules rank on parity with its outstanding debt instruments that

were classified as senior non-preferred under the prior rules. All these senior non-preferred issuances meet the TLAC and

MREL subordination criteria.

131

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Credit Risk Exposure

Deutsche Bank defines its credit exposure by taking into account all transactions where losses might occur due to the

fact that counterparties may not fulfill their contractual payment obligations as defined under ‘Credit Risk Framework’.

Maximum Exposure to Credit Risk

The maximum exposure to credit risk table shows the direct exposure before consideration of associated collateral held

and other credit enhancements (netting and hedges) that do not qualify for offset in the financial statements for the

periods specified. The netting credit enhancement component includes the effects of legally enforceable netting

agreements as well as the offset of negative mark-to-markets from derivatives against pledged cash collateral. The

collateral credit enhancement component mainly includes real estate, collateral in the form of cash as well as securities-

related collateral. In relation to collateral, the Group applies internally determined haircuts and additionally cap all

collateral values at the level of the respective collateralized exposure

Maximum Exposure to Credit Risk

		Dec 31, 2025
						Credit Enhancements
in € m.		Maximum exposure to credit risk1		Subject to impairment		Netting		Collateral		Guarantees and Credit derivatives2		Total credit enhancements
Financial assets at amortized cost3
Cash and central bank balances		164,664		164,664		—						—
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		6,963		6,963		—						—
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		37,509		37,509		—		37,376				37,376
Securities borrowed		6		6		—		6				6
Loans		484,270		484,270		—		256,542		49,168		305,710
Other assets subject to credit risk4,5		109,015		103,271		25,790		1,107		258		27,154
Total financial assets at amortized cost3		802,426		796,683		25,790		295,031		49,426		370,247
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss6
Trading assets		142,273				—		1,525		895		2,419
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		241,654				180,780		45,704		10		226,494
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		123,517				1,774		111,207		495		113,476
Of which:
Securities purchased under resale agreement		95,802				1,774		94,028		—		95,802
Securities borrowed		16,513				—		16,271				16,271
Loans		3,370						840		495		1,335
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—				—						—
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		507,444		—		182,554		158,436		1,399		342,389
Financial assets at fair value through OCI		43,644		43,644				1,342		1,232		2,574
Of which:
Securities purchased under resale agreement		1,128		1,128		—		90				90
Securities borrowed		—		—								—
Loans		4,432		4,432				20		1,232		1,252
Total financial assets at fair value through OCI		43,644		43,644		—		1,342		1,232		2,574
Financial guarantees and other credit related contingent liabilities7		79,092		79,092				4,619		9,928		14,547
Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments and other credit related commitments7		274,305		272,072				24,219		7,348		31,567
Total off-balance sheet		353,397		351,164		—		28,838		17,276		46,114
Maximum exposure to credit risk		1,706,911		1,191,490		208,344		483,647		69,333		761,323

1 Does not include credit derivative notional sold (€ 620 billion ) and credit derivative notional bought protection

2 Bought Credit protection is reflected with the notional of the underlying

3 All amounts at gross value before deductions of allowance for credit losses

132

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4 All amounts at amortized cost (gross) except for qualifying hedge derivatives, which are reflected at Fair value through P&L

5 Includes Asset Held for Sale regardless of accounting classification

6 Excludes equities, other equity interests and commodities

7 Figures are reflected at notional amounts

		Dec 31, 2024
						Credit Enhancements
in € m.		Maximum exposure to credit risk1		Subject to impairment		Netting		Collateral		Guarantees and Credit derivatives2		Total credit enhancements
Financial assets at amortized cost3
Cash and central bank balances		147,511		147,511		—		—		−		—
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		6,169		6,169		—		—		—		—
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		40,802		40,802		—		40,580		−		40,580
Securities borrowed		44		44		—		32		−		32
Loans		489,579		489,579		—		264,252		44,211		308,463
Other assets subject to credit risk4,5		81,985		76,702		24,750		1,668		270		26,687
Total financial assets at amortized cost3		766,091		760,807		24,750		306,532		44,481		375,763
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss6
Trading assets		134,118		−		—		1,207		612		1,819
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		291,800		−		229,605		45,613		115		275,333
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		113,433		−		1,638		103,339		292		105,269
Of which:
Securities purchased under resale agreement		88,736		−		1,638		87,091		—		88,729
Securities borrowed		15,913		−		—		15,671		—		15,671
Loans		1,954		−		−		485		272		757
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		−		—		—		—		—
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		539,350		—		231,243		150,159		1,019		382,421
Financial assets at fair value through OCI		42,090		42,090		—		4,077		1,168		5,244
Of which:										—		—
Securities purchased under resale agreement		2,786		2,786		—		2,455		—		2,455
Securities borrowed		—		—		−		—		—		—
Loans		5,068		5,068		−		454		1,168		1,621
Total financial assets at fair value through OCI		42,090		42,090		—		4,077		1,168		5,244
Financial guarantees and other credit related contingent liabilities7		73,468		73,467		−		4,410		9,227		13,637
Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments and other credit related commitments7		269,699		268,373		−		21,737		8,227		29,964
Total off-balance sheet		343,167		341,840		—		26,147		17,455		43,602
Maximum exposure to credit risk		1,690,698		1,144,738		255,993		486,915		64,122		807,029

1 Does not include credit derivative notional sold (€ 597.9 billion ) and credit derivative notional bought protection

2 Bought Credit protection is reflected with the notional of the underlying

3 All amounts at gross value before deductions of allowance for credit losses

4 All amounts at amortized cost (gross) except for qualifying hedge derivatives, which are reflected at Fair value through P&L

5 Includes Asset Held for Sale regardless of accounting classification

6 Excludes equities, other equity interests and commodities

7 Figures are reflected at notional amounts

133

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

The overall increase in maximum exposure to credit risk for December 31, 2025 was €16.2 billion mainly driven by

increases of € 27.0 billion in other assets subject to credit risk, € 17.2 billion in cash and central bank balances,

€ 10.2 billion in off-balance sheet exposure, € 8.2 billion in trading assets, and€ 7.1 billion in securities purchased under

resale agreement at fair value through profit or loss. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in positive market

values from derivative financial instruments by € 50.1 billion.

Trading assets as of December 31, 2025, included traded bonds of € 126.6 billion (€ 120.0 billion as of December 31,

2024) of which over 82% were investment-grade (over 82% as of December 31, 2024).

Credit Enhancements are split into three categories: netting, collateral and guarantees/credit derivatives. Haircuts,

parameter setting for regular margin calls as well as expert judgments for collateral valuation are employed to prevent

market developments from leading to a build-up of uncollateralized exposures. All categories are monitored and

reviewed regularly. Overall credit enhancements received are diversified and of adequate quality being largely cash,

highly rated government bonds and third-party guarantees mostly from well rated banks and insurance companies.

These financial institutions are domiciled mainly in European countries and the United States. Furthermore, the bank has

collateral pools of highly liquid assets and mortgages (principally consisting of residential properties mainly in Germany)

for the homogeneous retail portfolio.

Main Credit Exposure Categories

The tables in this section show details about several of Deutsche Bank’s main credit exposure categories, namely Loans,

Revocable and Irrevocable Lending Commitments, Contingent Liabilities, Over-The-Counter (“OTC”) Derivatives, Debt

Securities and Repo and repo-style transactions:

–“Loans” are gross loans as reported on the bank´s balance sheet at amortized cost, loans at fair value through profit

and loss and loans at fair value through other comprehensive income before deduction of allowance for credit losses;

this includes “Traded loans” that are bought and held for the purpose of selling them in the near term, or the material

risks of which have all been hedged or sold; from a regulatory perspective the latter category principally covers

trading book positions

–“Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments” consist of the undrawn portion of revocable and irrevocable

lending-related commitments

–“Contingent liabilities” consist of financial and performance guarantees, standby letters of credit and other similar

arrangements (mainly indemnity agreements)

–“OTC derivatives” are the bank’s credit exposures from over-the-counter derivative transactions that the Group has

entered into, after netting and cash collateral received; on the bank’s balance sheet, these are included in financial

assets at fair value through profit or loss or, for derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting, in other assets, in either

case only applying cash collateral received and netting eligible under IFRS

–“Debt securities” include debentures, bonds, deposits, notes or commercial paper, which are issued for a fixed term

and redeemable by the issuer, as reported on the bank´s balance sheet within accounting categories at amortized cost

and at fair value through other comprehensive income before deduction of allowance for credit losses, it also includes

category at fair value through profit and loss; this includes “Traded bonds”, which are bonds, deposits, notes or

commercial paper that are bought and held for the purpose of selling them in the near term; from a regulatory

perspective the latter category principally covers trading book positions

–“Repo and repo-style transactions” consist of reverse repurchase transactions, as well as securities or commodities

borrowing transactions, only applying collateral received and netting eligible under IFRS.

Although considered in the monitoring of maximum credit exposures, the following are not included in the details of the

Group’s main credit exposure: brokerage and securities related receivables, cash and central bank balances, interbank

balances (without central banks), assets held for sale, accrued interest receivables, traditional securitization positions.

Unless stated otherwise, the tables below reflect credit exposure before the consideration of collateral and risk

mitigation or structural enhancements, except for OTC derivatives wherein they are post credit enhancements.

134

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Main Credit Exposure Categories by Business Divisions

		Dec 31, 2025
		Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
in € m.		at amortized cost1		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated / mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI2		Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments3		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L4
Corporate Bank		119,570		21		685		4,116		169,251		73,258		29
Investment Bank		115,325		12,803		2,685		316		67,846		2,824		22,141
Private Bank		246,594		6		—		—		36,961		2,945		497
Asset Management		3		—		—		—		124		10		—
Corporate & Other		2,778		13		—		—		123		56		1,669
Total		484,270		12,842		3,370		4,432		274,305		79,092		24,336

		Dec 31, 2025
		Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions7						Total
in € m.		at amortized cost5		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI6		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI
Corporate Bank		50		11		—		10,078		—		—		377,069
Investment Bank		5,170		130,177		3,173		27,436		112,314		—		502,208
Private Bank		373		—		—		—		—		—		287,376
Asset Management		—		5,050		62		—		—		—		5,249
Corporate & Other		34,692		336		34,849		—		—		1,128		75,645
Total		40,285		135,575		38,084		37,514		112,315		1,128		1,247,548

1 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at amortized cost amounting to € 15.3 billion as of December 31, 2025

2 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at fair value through OCI amounting to € 16.9 million as of December 31, 2025

3 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI off-balance sheet exposure amounting to € 2.7 billion as of December 31, 2025

4 Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable. Excludes derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

5 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at amortized cost amounting to € 25.3 million as of December 31, 2025

6 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at fair value through OCI amounting to € 130.2 million as of December 31, 2025

7 Before reflection of collateral and limited to securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed

		Dec 31, 2024
		Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
in € m.		at amortized cost1		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated / mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI2		Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments3		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L4
Corporate Bank		116,674		212		508		4,110		170,667		67,067		47
Investment Bank		110,077		11,068		1,443		958		61,692		3,268		24,031
Private Bank		257,476		6		—		—		37,110		2,815		391
Asset Management		1		—		—		—		130		9		—
Corporate & Other		5,352		93		3		—		100		309		2,431
Total		489,579		11,380		1,954		5,068		269,699		73,468		26,900

		Dec 31, 2024
		Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions7						Total
in € m.		at amortized cost5		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI6		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI
Corporate Bank		266		14		—		9,033		—		—		368,598
Investment Bank		5,369		122,813		1,268		31,813		104,248		—		478,047
Private Bank		409		1		1		—		—		—		298,209
Asset Management		—		4,526		82		—		—		—		4,748
Corporate & Other		15,612		390		32,885		—		401		2,786		60,362
Total		21,655		127,744		34,236		40,846		104,649		2,786		1,209,964

1 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at amortized cost amounting to € 15.6 billion as of December 31, 2024

2 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at fair value through OCI amounting to € 60.7 million as of December 31, 2024

3 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI off-balance sheet exposure amounting to € 2.2 billion as of December 31, 2024

4 Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable. Excludes derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

5 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at amortized cost amounting to € 41.6 million as of December 31, 2024

6 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at fair value through OCI amounting to € 25.6 million as of December 31, 2024

7 Before reflection of collateral and limited to securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed

135

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Deutsche Bank’s total main credit exposure increased by € 37.0 billion year-on-year with € 24.2 billion in Investment

Bank mainly driven by debt securities and higher repo and repo style holding due to increased firm trading activities and

client flows, as well as growth in loans and € 8.5 billion in the Corporate Bank mainly driven by growth in off balance

sheet exposure due to new and refinanced deals. Exposure increases have been observed across all the products

included in main credit exposures by business divisions, except for Private Bank, where a decrease of €10.8 billion was

observed.

Main Credit Exposure Categories by Industry Sectors

The below tables give an overview of the bank’s credit exposure by industry based on the NACE code of the

counterparty. NACE (Nomenclature des Activités Économiques dans la Communauté Européenne) is a standard

European industry classification system and does not have to be congruent with an internal risk based view applied

elsewhere in this report.

		Dec 31, 2025
		Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
in € m.		at amortized cost1		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated / mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI2		Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments3		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L4
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		346		2		—		—		262		13		—
Mining and quarrying		1,964		1,629		41		—		4,533		1,410		853
Manufacturing		26,496		747		195		814		53,985		13,742		789
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		4,787		256		5		82		8,956		4,009		207
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		675		39		—		4		1,042		405		141
Construction		4,628		451		179		55		4,764		3,732		74
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		21,094		375		178		699		17,358		6,106		239
Transport and storage		4,580		36		2		98		5,784		1,524		184
Accommodation and food service activities		3,560		81		33		—		1,393		150		4
Information and communication		8,920		1,172		22		396		13,486		2,863		351
Financial and insurance activities⁸		129,848		5,441		1,354		1,845		97,880		38,349		19,636
Real estate activities⁹		45,505		1,445		147		56		7,566		321		185
Professional, scientific and technical activities		9,873		269		118		238		12,733		4,125		42
Administrative and support service activities		6,820		128		161		62		5,163		907		226
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		7,758		384		10		—		8,755		148		358
Education		249		76		—		—		153		14		33
Human health services and social work activities		3,808		91		—		8		1,784		93		17
Arts, entertainment and recreation		851		17		—		13		1,255		96		18
Other service activities		8,731		191		923		62		3,043		833		713
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		193,777		—		—		—		24,412		249		265
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		4		12		—		—		1		4		1
Total		484,270		12,842		3,370		4,432		274,305		79,092		24,336

 

136

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2025
		Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions7						Total
in € m.		at amortized cost5		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI6		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		—		16		—		—		—		—		640
Mining and quarrying		—		595		—		—		—		—		11,025
Manufacturing		—		1,362		57		52		37		—		98,274
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		49		766		94		—		—		—		19,210
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		—		71		11		—		—		—		2,386
Construction		360		377		260		—		—		—		14,881
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		118		446		6		—		—		—		46,620
Transport and storage		243		408		25		—		—		—		12,883
Accommodation and food service activities		—		88		2		—		—		—		5,311
Information and communication		7		1,930		—		—		3		—		29,151
Financial and insurance activities⁸		6,916		35,177		3,810		37,362		111,332		1,128		490,078
Real estate activities⁹		81		1,314		215		101		2		—		56,939
Professional, scientific and technical activities		—		556		119		—		7		—		28,079
Administrative and support service activities		—		422		8		—		23		—		13,920
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		24,233		82,712		32,171		—		631		—		157,158
Education		—		207		82		—		—		—		814
Human health services and social work activities		108		206		86		—		—		—		6,201
Arts, entertainment and recreation		—		46		10		—		—		—		2,305
Other service activities		153		4,106		16		—		279		—		19,050
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		—		—		—		—		—		—		218,703
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		8,017		4,770		1,112		—		—		—		13,920
Total		40,285		135,575		38,084		37,514		112,315		1,128		1,247,548

1 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at amortized cost amounting to € 15.3 billion as of December 31, 2025

2 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at fair value through OCI amounting to € 16.9 million as of December 31, 2025

3 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI off-balance sheet exposure amounting to € 2.7 billion as of December 31, 2025

4 Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable. Excludes derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

5 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at amortized cost amounting to € 25.3 million as of December 31, 2025

6 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at fair value through OCI amounting to € 130.2 million as of December 31, 2025

7 Before reflection of collateral and limited to securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed

8 Includes exposure to Corporates including Holding Companies of € 108 billion, Asset-Backed Securities of € 47 billion, Banks of € 91 billion, Insurance of € 21 billion,

Financial Intermediaries of € 13 billion and Public Sector of € 16 billion , all based on internal client classification

9 Non-recourse Commercial Real Estate portfolio based on Deutsche Bank’s definition is € 31 billion

137

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
		Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
in € m.		at amortized cost1		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated / mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI2		Revocable and irrevocable lending commitments3		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L4
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		336		—		—		—		239		24		1
Mining and quarrying		1,885		2,392		66		—		5,934		1,275		145
Manufacturing		26,634		525		5		1,195		56,933		14,331		1,205
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		4,346		632		—		38		8,870		4,489		150
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		595		—		—		3		1,013		264		50
Construction		4,330		244		—		30		3,039		3,244		13
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		21,405		165		103		809		18,290		6,339		180
Transport and storage		4,766		416		63		103		5,373		1,201		164
Accommodation and food service activities		2,665		64		—		19		1,314		150		2
Information and communication		8,930		757		16		237		16,501		3,014		384
Financial and insurance activities⁸		126,640		3,944		1,177		1,589		95,492		34,889		22,093
Real estate activities⁹		49,859		1,005		136		535		7,868		399		326
Professional, scientific and technical activities		6,276		133		—		214		5,754		2,129		161
Administrative and support service activities		8,921		319		95		161		5,025		493		138
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		5,740		458		14		24		7,438		120		286
Education		295		17		—		—		99		55		55
Human health services and social work activities		4,130		29		—		12		1,850		91		46
Arts, entertainment and recreation		820		4		—		15		1,166		83		17
Other service activities		6,719		260		280		81		7,013		628		1,305
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		204,282		—		—		—		20,488		246		174
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		5		17		—		—		1		3		4
Total		489,579		11,380		1,954		5,068		269,699		73,468		26,900

 

138

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
		Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions7						Total
in € m.		at amortized cost5		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI6		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		—		2		—		—		—		—		602
Mining and quarrying		41		553		2		—		—		—		12,293
Manufacturing		23		1,389		50		43		42		—		102,375
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		71		915		28		—		—		—		19,541
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		—		143		1		—		—		—		2,070
Construction		264		344		285		—		—		—		11,793
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		—		612		3		—		—		—		47,904
Transport and storage		159		461		3		—		—		—		12,710
Accommodation and food service activities		5		90		1		—		—		—		4,311
Information and communication		31		1,048		—		—		—		—		30,918
Financial and insurance activities⁸		5,379		29,863		5,671		40,437		104,150		2,786		474,109
Real estate activities⁹		198		1,277		181		324		7		—		62,114
Professional, scientific and technical activities		48		256		105		—		—		—		15,075
Administrative and support service activities		19		471		4		—		16		—		15,661
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		14,160		83,873		27,354		—		110		—		139,577
Education		—		262		14		—		—		—		797
Human health services and social work activities		103		289		—		—		1		—		6,550
Arts, entertainment and recreation		—		19		—		—		—		—		2,124
Other service activities		450		3,514		13		42		207		—		20,514
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		—		—		—		—		—		—		225,190
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		704		2,362		522		—		117		—		3,735
Total		21,655		127,744		34,236		40,846		104,649		2,786		1,209,964

1 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at amortized cost amounting to € 15.6 billion as of December 31, 2024

2 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at fair value through OCI amounting to €60.7 million as of December 31, 2024

3 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI off-balance sheet exposure amounting to € 2.2 billion as of December 31, 2024

4 Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable. Excludes derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

5 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at amortized cost amounting to € 41.6 million as of December 31, 2024

6 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at fair value through OCI amounting to € 25.6 million as of December 31, 2024

7 Before reflection of collateral and limited to securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed

8 Includes exposure to Corporates including Holding Companies of € 108 billion, Asset-Backed Securities of € 49 billion, Banks of € 66 billion, Insurance of € 9 billion,

Financial Intermediaries of € 15 billion and Public Sector of € 17 billion, all based on internal client classification

9 Non-recourse Commercial Real Estate portfolio based on Deutsche Bank’s definition is € 36 billion

139

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

All credit exposures are subject to the same credit underwriting requirements stipulated in the bank’s “Principles for

Managing Credit Risk”, including various controls according to single name, country, industry and product/asset class-

specific concentration.

Material transactions, such as loans underwritten with the intention to sell down or distribute part of the risk to third

parties, are subject to review and approval by senior credit risk management professionals and (depending upon size) an

underwriting committee and/or the Management Board. High emphasis is placed on structuring and pricing such

transactions so that de-risking can be achieved in a timely manner and – where Deutsche Bank takes market price risk –

to mitigate such market risk.

The Group’s credit exposure to the ten largest counterparties accounted for 11% of the bank’s aggregated total credit

exposure in these categories as of December 31, 2025, compared with 11% as of December 31, 2024. The top ten

counterparty exposures were well-rated counterparties or otherwise related to structured trades which show high levels

of risk mitigation.

The Group’s amortized cost loan exposure within above categories is mostly with borrowers of good credit quality.

Moreover, with the focus on the Corporate Bank and Investment Bank, loan exposure is subject to further risk mitigation

through the bank’s e.g., Strategic Corporate Lending unit.

Deutsche Bank’s household loan exposure is principally associated with Private Bank portfolios.

The bank’s amortized cost loan exposure of € 45.5 billion to Real Estate activities as reported above is based on NACE

code classification and comprises of recourse and non-recourse financing, across various parts of the group and client

segment. This includes € 18.8 billion of loans which is based on Deutsche Bank’s definition of non-recourse CRE loans.

For more information on non-recourse CRE loans, see section “Focus areas”.

The Group’s commercial real estate loans, primarily originated in the U.S. and Europe, are generally secured by first

mortgages on the underlying real estate property. Deutsche Bank originates fixed and floating rate loans and selectively

acquires (generally at substantial discount) sub-/non-performing loans sold by financial institutions. The underwriting

process is stringent and the exposure is managed under separate portfolio limits. Credit underwriting policy guidelines

provide that LTV ratios of generally less than 80% are adhered to loan origination. Additionally, given the significance of

the underlying collateral, independent external appraisals are commissioned for all secured loans by a valuation team

(part of the independent Credit Risk Management function) which is also responsible for reviewing and challenging the

reported real estate values regularly. Deutsche Bank originates loans for distribution in the banking market or via

securitization. In this context Deutsche Bank frequently retains a portion of the syndicated loans while securitized

positions may be entirely sold (except where regulation requires retention of economic risk). Mezzanine or other junior

tranches of debt are retained only in exceptional cases. The bank also participates in conservatively underwritten

unsecured lines of credit to well-capitalized real estate investment trusts and other real estate operating companies.

Commercial real estate property valuations and rental incomes can be significantly impacted by macro-economic

conditions and idiosyncratic events affecting the underlying properties. Accordingly, the portfolio is categorized as

higher risk and hence subject to the aforementioned tight restrictions on concentration.

Deutsche Bank’s exposure to Financial and Insurance Activities is € 490.1 billion as of December 31, 2025 which also

includes exposures to Asset Backed Securities, Banks, Insurance, Financial intermediaries, Public Sector as well as to

Corporates including Holding Companies. Exposures are managed using bespoke risk management frameworks, trade-

by-trade approvals and relevant risk appetite metrics. Total loans across all applicable measurement categories

amounted to € 138.5 billion, total repo and repo style transactions across all applicable measurement categories

amounted to € 149.8 billion and off-balance sheet activities amounted to € 136.2 billion as of December 31, 2025 and

were principally associated with Investment Bank and Corporate Bank portfolios, which were majorly held in North

America and Europe.

140

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Main credit exposure categories by geographical region

		Dec 31, 2025
		Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
in € m.		at amortized cost1		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated / mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI2		Revocable and irrevo- cable lending commitments3		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L4
Europe		328,619		4,376		2,100		1,861		148,112		42,864		14,026
Of which:
Germany		213,628		460		935		538		73,322		16,477		3,631
United Kingdom		13,579		954		331		146		11,164		4,861		4,274
France		4,476		253		99		30		8,402		2,398		688
Luxembourg		18,397		839		316		163		9,740		466		2,033
Italy		23,710		124		34		172		4,263		5,299		148
Netherlands		8,969		262		25		394		8,150		2,458		1,093
Spain		15,592		56		47		109		3,827		4,788		151
Ireland		6,447		448		308		31		5,704		335		525
Switzerland		5,858		38				103		8,896		3,018		104
Poland		3,082						11		1,987		227		29
Belgium		1,914		81				61		1,584		519		148
Russian Federation⁸		12								—
Ukraine⁸		206		1339						363		8
Other Europe⁸		12,749		727		5		102		10,710		2,009		1,202
North America		105,390		4,474		910		1,507		105,259		18,588		4,730
Of which:
U.S.		91,357		4,252		547		1,357		97,229		16,755		3,158
Cayman Islands		6,155		128		322		77		2,762		1,025		1,032
Canada		2,478		94				53		3,378		195		138
Other North America		5,400		—		41		21		1,889		613		402
Asia/Pacific		39,770		1,669		344		963		17,504		16,093		4,511
Of which:
Japan		1,719		102		27		544		524		688		469
Australia		3,543		264		2		46		3,177		1,691		408
India		9,473		98				8		1,525		3,584		142
China		3,495		3		1		21		757		1,699		231
Singapore		4,142		88		3		98		2,086		1,260		287
Hong Kong		2,338		17		59		34		3,158		723		309
Other Asia/Pacific		15,059		1,097		251		211		6,278		6,449		2,665
Other geographical areas		10,491		2,322		16		101		3,430		1,548		1,068
Total		484,270		12,842		3,370		4,432		274,305		79,092		24,336

 

141

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2025
		Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions7						Total
in € m.		at amortized cost5		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI6		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI
Europe		28,302		65,420		18,907		21,965		30,276		—		706,827
Of which:
Germany		426		7,002		4,075		1,470		286		—		322,250
United Kingdom		1,824		13,446		2,729		11,736		14,924		—		79,968
France		7,857		10,793		4,063		3,592		4,069		—		46,720
Luxembourg		149		3,076		15				4,013		—		39,207
Italy		6,030		8,845		961		3,380		805		—		53,771
Netherlands		50		2,220		41		169		32		—		23,863
Spain		1,490		3,763		588		1,123		27		—		31,561
Ireland		922		1,930		21		7		987		—		17,666
Switzerland				1,319		4				247		—		19,586
Poland				555		3,511				191		—		9,594
Belgium		5,572		5,208		2,022		—				—		17,109
Russian Federation⁸				—		1						—		13
Ukraine⁸				172		17						—		899
Other Europe⁸		3,983		7,090		861		487		4,696		—		44,621
North America		6,103		35,201		12,318		11,001		68,842		—		374,324
Of which:
U.S.		5,730		32,907		12,132		7,554		49,668		—		322,645
Cayman Islands		373		185				3,200		15,011		—		30,269
Canada		—		1,977		187		86		4,161		—		12,747
Other North America				132				161		1		—		8,662
Asia/Pacific		4,792		27,901		6,380		3,653		12,717		—		136,297
Of which:
Japan		5		2,666		2,028		157		7,179				16,108
Australia		3,145		2,507		294				1,315				16,393
India		569		6,750		55				16				22,220
China		118		2,289		249		90		240				9,192
Singapore		9		1,041		528		—		979				10,519
Hong Kong		13		410		567		—		662				8,289
Other Asia/Pacific		933		12,238		2,660		3,407		2,327				53,576
Other geographical areas		1,089		7,053		478		896		480		1,128		30,099
Total		40,285		135,575		38,084		37,514		112,315		1,128		1,247,548

1 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at amortized cost amounting to € 15.3 billion as of December 31, 2025

2 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at fair value through OCI amounting to € 16.9 million as of December 31, 2025

3 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI off-balance sheet exposure amounting to € 2.7 billion as of December 31, 2025

4 Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable. Excludes derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

5 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at amortized cost amounting to € 25.3 million as of December 31, 2025

6 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at fair value through OCI amounting to € 130.2 million as of December 31, 2025

7 Before reflection of collateral and limited to securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed

8 Thematic addition on back of the ongoing border conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine

9 Ukraine trading loan exposure driven by financing, materially guaranteed by supranational development bank. Net exposure considering broader risk mitigation structure

is de minimis

142

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
		Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
in € m.		at amortized cost1		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated / mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI2		Revocable and irrevo- cable lending commitments3		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L4
Europe		331,232		3,420		702		1,843		146,860		42,033		15,611
Of which:
Germany		220,959		304		353		512		72,341		15,761		4,393
United Kingdom		11,044		365		23		163		12,589		4,418		3,594
France		4,319		69		39		33		6,967		2,111		746
Luxembourg		17,119		944		14		131		8,737		546		1,780
Italy		23,190		229		24		69		4,424		5,302		266
Netherlands		9,593		265		4		332		9,452		2,964		1,460
Spain		15,580		109		40		123		3,833		4,633		169
Ireland		6,483		271		195		61		5,057		295		568
Switzerland		6,050		19		—		196		8,562		2,548		434
Poland		2,890		—		—		15		2,358		181		5
Belgium		1,991		33		—		80		1,685		1,582		181
Russian Federation⁸		102		—		—		12		1		21		—
Ukraine⁸		98		1729		—		—		—		5		—
Other Europe⁸		11,813		639		10		116		10,855		1,665		2,016
North America		108,465		3,262		931		2,324		110,332		14,856		5,890
Of which:
U.S.		95,186		2,986		507		2,095		102,989		13,462		4,923
Cayman Islands		5,969		151		319		87		2,770		660		515
Canada		1,491		121		33		118		2,584		223		202
Other North America		5,819		4		72		24		1,989		511		250
Asia/Pacific		40,066		1,433		309		611		9,941		15,232		5,156
Of which:
Japan		1,744		151		42		77		532		645		598
Australia		3,404		238		—		9		2,918		1,371		512
India		9,001		24		25		—		1,405		3,789		104
China		4,245		4		95		24		443		1,852		755
Singapore		5,146		95		17		129		1,136		2,128		291
Hong Kong		3,062		90		—		87		723		366		229
Other Asia/Pacific		13,466		831		130		285		2,783		5,082		2,666
Other geographical areas		9,816		3,265		11		289		2,567		1,348		244
Total		489,579		11,380		1,954		5,068		269,699		73,468		26,900

 

143

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
		Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions7						Total
in € m.		at amortized cost5		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI6		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI
Europe		10,425		57,024		15,388		27,957		34,516		283		687,293
Of which:
Germany		321		7,899		1,887		2,033		855		—		327,619
United Kingdom		503		12,141		1,983		12,407		14,163		—		73,393
France		1,511		7,855		3,888		4,077		8,058		—		39,672
Luxembourg		—		2,699		472		127		3,615		—		36,184
Italy		4,914		8,038		985		4,144		1,425		—		53,011
Netherlands		87		2,014		33		—		71		—		26,276
Spain		1,489		4,096		359		1,388		33		—		31,853
Ireland		1,326		1,695		8		29		1,065		—		17,053
Switzerland		—		1,657		1		2,658		280		—		22,404
Poland		—		262		3,554		—		84		—		9,349
Belgium		—		4,197		1,572		—		5		—		11,325
Russian Federation⁸		—		3		—		—		—		—		138
Ukraine⁸		—		165		13		—		—		—		454
Other Europe⁸		273		4,304		634		1,094		4,861		283		38,562
North America		7,227		34,972		12,695		8,205		52,388		—		361,546
Of which:
U.S.		6,854		33,637		12,499		4,991		39,389		—		319,517
Cayman Islands		373		370		—		3,032		9,388		—		23,634
Canada		—		872		195		—		3,575		—		9,415
Other North America		—		93		—		182		36		—		8,979
Asia/Pacific		3,844		28,246		5,995		3,839		17,524		1,006		133,202
Of which:
Japan		6		2,985		964		178		8,815		—		16,736
Australia		2,526		2,374		311		212		2,720		—		16,596
India		658		6,630		75		—		—		681		22,391
China		—		4,400		274		—		952		—		13,042
Singapore		61		946		738		—		711		—		11,397
Hong Kong		9		559		553		—		329		—		6,007
Other Asia/Pacific		584		10,353		3,081		3,449		3,997		326		47,032
Other geographical areas		160		7,501		158		845		222		1,497		27,923
Total		21,655		127,744		34,236		40,846		104,649		2,786		1,209,964

1 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at amortized cost amounting to € 15.6 billion as of December 31, 2024

2  Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI loans at fair value through OCI amounting to € 60.7 million as of December 31, 2024

3 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI off-balance sheet exposure amounting to € 2.2 billion as of December 31, 2024

4 Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable. Excludes derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

5 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at amortized cost amounting to € 41.6 million as of December 31, 2024

6 Includes stage 3 and stage 3 POCI debt securities at fair value through OCI amounting to € 25.6 million as of December 31, 2024

7 Before reflection of collateral and limited to securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed

8 Thematic addition on back of the ongoing border conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine

9 Ukraine trading loan exposure driven by financing, materially guaranteed by supranational development bank. Net exposure considering broader risk mitigation structure

is de minimis

The tables above provide an overview of Deutsche Bank’s credit exposure by geographical region, allocated based on the

counterparty’s country of domicile. The domicile view might differ from any internal risk based view applied elsewhere in

this report.

The Group’s largest concentration of credit risk within loans from a regional perspective is in its home market Germany,

with a significant share in households, which includes the majority of the mortgage lending and home loan business.

Within OTC derivatives, tradable assets as well as repo and repo-style transactions, the largest concentrations from a

regional perspective were in Europe and North America.

144

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Credit Exposure Classification

Deutsche Bank also classifies its credit exposure along business divisions, which is in line with the divisionally aligned

chief risk officer mandates. The section below discloses the credit exposure of the Corporate Bank and the Investment

Bank together. The subsequent section provides the credit exposure for the Private Bank.

Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposure

The tables below show the main Corporate Bank and Investment Bank Credit Exposure by product types and internal

rating bands. Please refer to section "Measuring Credit Risk" for more details about the bank’s internal ratings.

Main Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposure categories according to the bank’s internal creditworthiness

categories of the counterparties – gross

				Dec 31, 2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
Rating band		Probability of default in %1		at amortized cost		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated/ mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Revocable and irrevo-cable lending commitments		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L2
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		17,345		519		135		239		21,928		3,933		8,234
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		45,423		120		248		677		67,516		36,422		6,687
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		77,819		3,438		1,146		2,844		92,128		23,430		5,513
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		66,044		4,840		1,587		646		41,868		8,843		1,230
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		18,089		1,228		93		9		10,885		2,577		172
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		10,174		2,678		160		17		2,773		876		335
Total				234,895		12,823		3,370		4,432		237,097		76,082		22,170

 

				Dec 31, 2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions
Rating band		Probability of default in %1		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Total
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		351		71,459		1,255		16,023		36,320		—		177,740
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		3,102		20,258		902		7,033		6,821		—		195,208
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		747		13,616		138		7,240		52,272		—		280,333
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		957		23,358		533		6,416		16,523		—		172,844
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		37		594		211		793		452		—		35,143
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		25		904		133		9		0		—		18,083
Total				5,220		130,188		3,173		37,514		112,388		—		879,351

1Reflects the probability of default for a one year time horizon

2Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable

Main Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposure categories according to the bank’s internal creditworthiness

categories of the counterparties – net

				Dec 31, 2025¹
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Loans												OTC derivatives
Rating band		Probability of default in %2		at amortized cost		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated/ mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Revocable and irrevo- cable lending commitments		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		9,762		157		135		94		21,028		3,575		4,745
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		33,326		120		248		625		65,146		32,869		3,105
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		36,728		2,548		697		1,974		84,025		18,315		3,588
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		29,606		4,132		1,206		463		37,687		6,398		1,157
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		4,874		1,095		37		4		10,084		1,386		161
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		4,645		2,158		56		9		2,625		350		233
Total				118,942		10,211		2,379		3,169		220,594		62,893		12,989

 

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				Dec 31, 2025¹
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions
Rating band		Probability of default in %2		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Total
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		351		71,391		1,255		—		351		—		112,844
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		3,102		20,258		902		202		25		—		159,928
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		266		13,351		111		—		51		—		161,652
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		484		22,828		133		—		342		—		104,437
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		37		508		203		—		—		—		18,389
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		25		730		119		—		—		—		10,950
Total				4,265		129,066		2,723		202		768		—		568,199

1Net of eligible collateral, guarantees and hedges based on IFRS requirements

2Reflects the probability of default for a one year time horizon

The tables below show the main Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposure for 2024 by product types and

internal rating bands.

Main Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposure categories according to the bank’s internal creditworthiness

categories of the counterparties – gross

				Dec 31, 2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
Rating band		Probability of default in %1		at amortized cost		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated/ mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Revocable and irrevo-cable lending commitments		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L2
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		18,371		177		84		209		28,227		6,007		10,133
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		47,908		60		542		1,167		69,746		32,937		7,441
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		66,741		3,207		131		2,537		88,790		22,201		4,101
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		64,486		4,983		561		1,080		34,521		6,015		2,202
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		21,094		713		399		10		8,865		2,244		104
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		8,153		2,141		235		65		2,210		931		97
Total				226,751		11,280		1,951		5,068		232,359		70,335		24,077

 

				Dec 31, 2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions
Rating band		Probability of default in %1		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Total
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		694		64,329		192		17,775		39,458		—		185,657
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		2,469		14,985		46		7,374		8,817		—		193,490
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		1,021		19,851		149		7,506		13,055		—		229,290
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		1,319		22,194		431		7,390		41,123		—		186,303
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		90		643		402		686		1,795		—		37,044
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		42		825		47		115		—		—		14,862
Total				5,635		122,827		1,268		40,846		104,248		—		846,646

1Reflects the probability of default for a one year time horizon

2Includes the effect of netting agreements and cash collateral received where applicable

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Main Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposure categories according to the bank’s internal creditworthiness

categories of the counterparties – net

				Dec 31, 2024¹
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Loans								Off-balance sheet				OTC derivatives
Rating band		Probability of default in %2		at amortized cost		trading - at fair value through P&L		Designated/ mandatory at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Revocable and irrevo- cable lending commitments		Contingent liabilities		at fair value through P&L
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		10,671		99		84		64		26,953		5,128		4,893
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		36,198		60		392		953		67,092		29,677		4,140
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		30,736		2,869		56		1,836		82,049		17,106		2,948
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		27,152		4,122		480		520		30,381		4,366		1,889
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		6,049		503		189		10		8,258		1,290		103
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		4,285		1,570		57		55		2,127		348		96
Total				115,091		9,223		1,258		3,438		216,860		57,915		14,069

 

				Dec 31, 2024¹
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)				Debt Securities						Repo and repo-style transactions
Ratingband		Probability of default in %2		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		at amortized cost		at fair value through P&L		at fair value through OCI		Total
iAAA–iAA		> 0.00 ≤ 0.04		694		64,254		192		7		261		—		113,301
iA		> 0.04 ≤ 0.11		2,469		14,985		46		106		13		—		156,131
iBBB		> 0.11 ≤ 0.5		562		19,756		136		6		35		—		158,096
iBB		> 0.5 ≤ 2.27		860		21,684		334		—		1,087		—		92,874
iB		> 2.27 ≤ 10.22		20		537		362		—		—		—		17,321
iCCC and below		> 10.22 ≤ 100		42		711		47		—		—		—		9,338
Total				4,647		121,927		1,117		119		1,396		—		547,060

1Net of eligible collateral, guarantees and hedges based on IFRS requirements

2Reflects the probability of default for a one year time horizon

The above tables show an overall increase in the Corporate Bank and Investment Bank gross exposure in 2025 of

€ 32.7 billion or 4%. Repo and repo-style transactions increased by € 4.8 billion, mainly driven by increased firm trading

activities and client flows. From a regional perspective, the increase was primarily attributable to counterparties

domiciled in the United Kingdom and U.S. Off-balance sheet positions increased by €10.5 billion, mainly driven by new

commitments issued during the period. Loans increased by € 10.5 billion, primarily in the Investment Bank. Debt

Securities increased by € 8.9 billion, mainly due to client flows and desk positioning and decrease in OTC Derivatives of

€ 1.9 billion was primarily due to decrease in foreign exchange derivatives products.

The Group uses risk mitigation techniques as described above to optimize Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit

exposures and reduce potential credit losses. The tables for “net” exposure disclose the development of the bank’s

Corporate Bank and Investment Bank credit exposures net of collateral, guarantees and hedges.

Risk Mitigation for Credit Exposure

Strategic Corporate Lending (“SCL”) unit helps to mitigate the risk of the bank’s corporate credit exposures. The notional

amount of SCL’s risk reduction activities increased from € 43.2 billion as of December 31, 2024, to € 54.4 billion as of

December 31, 2025. As of year-end 2025, SCL mitigated the credit risk of € 49.9 billion of loans and lending-related

commitments, through significant risk transfer. This position totalled € 38.4 billion as of December 31, 2024.

SCL also managed credit derivatives with an underlying notional amount of € 4.5 billion as of December 31, 2025. The

position totalled € 4.7 billion as of December 31, 2024. The credit derivatives used for the bank’s portfolio management

activities are accounted for at fair value.

The bank makes use of hedging also in other businesses to reduce single name concentration risks and utilizes private risk

insurance and export credit agency cover to manage noncollateralized exposures.

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Private Bank credit exposure

Private Bank credit exposure, credit exposure in stage 3 and net credit costs

		Total exposure in € m.				of which loan book in € m.				Credit exposure stage 3 in € m.				Net credit costs as a % of total exposure¹
		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Consumer Finance		39,413		40,098		25,414		25,571		1,994		1,689		0.93%		1.26%
Mortgages		155,424		162,057		153,275		159,510		2,026		2,212		0.02%		0.09%
Business Finance		15,192		15,878		11,585		12,420		1,112		1,058		0.61%		0.63%
Wealth Management		76,916		79,592		56,283		59,894		2,197		3,134		0.11%		0.13%
Other		430		583		36		81		—		24		0.55%		(0.01)%
Total		287,375		298,209		246,594		257,476		7,328		8,118		0.23%		0.29%

1Net credit costs for the twelve months period ended at the respective balance sheet date divided by the total exposure at that balance sheet date

Consumer Finance is divided into personal installment loans, credit lines and credit cards. Consumer Finance business is

uncollateralized, loan risk depends on client quality. Various lending requirements are stipulated, including (but not

limited to) client rating, maximum loan amounts and maximum tenors, and are adapted to individual circumstances of

the borrower (i.e., for consumer loans maximum loan amount and maximum tenor taking into account amongst others

customer net income). Given the largely homogeneous nature of this portfolio, counterparty credit-worthiness and

ratings are derived by utilizing an automated decision engine.

Mortgage business is financing of real estates with focus on residential properties (primarily owner-occupied) sold by

various business channels in Europe, primarily in Germany but also in Spain and Italy. The level of credit risk of the

mortgage loan portfolio is determined by assessing the quality of the client and the underlying collateral. The loan

amounts are generally larger than Consumer Finance loans and they are extended for longer time horizons. Based on the

bank’s underwriting criteria and processes and the diversified portfolio (customers/properties) with respective

collateralization, the mortgage portfolio is categorized as lower risk, while consumer finance is categorized as high risk.

Business Finance represents credit products for small businesses, SME up to large corporates. Products range from

current accounts and credit lines to investment loans or revolving facilities, factoring, leasing and derivatives. Clients are

located primarily in Italy and Spain, but credit can also be extended to subsidiaries abroad, mostly in Europe.

Wealth Management offers globally customized wealth management solutions and private banking services including

discretionary portfolio management and traditional and alternative investment solutions, complemented by structured

risk management, wealth planning, lending and family office services for wealth, high-net-worth (HNW) and ultra-high-

net-worth (UHNW) individuals and family offices. Wealth Management’s total exposure is divided into Lombard Lending

(against readily marketable liquid collateral/securities) and Structured Lending (against less liquid collateral). While the

level of credit risk for the Lombard portfolio is determined by assessing the quality of the underlying collateral, the level

of credit risk for the structured portfolio is determined by assessing both the quality of the client and the collateral.

Products range from secured Lombard and mortgage loans to current accounts (Europe only), credit lines and other

loans; to a lesser extent derivatives and contingencies.

Private Bank mortgage loan-to-value1

		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
≤ 50%		66%		65%
> 50 ≤ 70%		16%		16%
> 70 ≤ 90%		10%		10%
> 90 ≤ 100%		3%		3%
> 100 ≤ 110%		2%		2%
> 110 ≤ 130%		1%		2%
> 130%		1%		1%

1When assigning the exposure to the corresponding LTV buckets, the exposure amounts are distributed according to their relative share of the underlying assessed real

estate value

The LTV expresses the amount of exposure as a percentage of the underlying real estate value.

The Group’s LTV ratios are calculated using the total exposure divided by the current determined value of the respective

properties. These values are monitored and updated if necessary, on a regular basis. The exposure of transactions that

are additionally backed by liquid collateral is reduced by the respective collateral values, whereas any prior charges

increase the corresponding total exposure. The LTV calculation includes exposure which is secured by real estate

collateral. Any mortgage lending exposure that is collateralized exclusively by any other type of collateral is not included

in the LTV calculation.

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The creditor’s creditworthiness, the LTV and the quality of collateral is an integral part of the Group’s risk management

when originating loans and when monitoring and steering the Group’s credit risks. In general, the Group is willing to

accept higher LTV’s, the better the creditor’s creditworthiness is. Nevertheless, restrictions of LTV apply e.g., for

countries with negative economic outlook or expected declines of real estate values.

As of December 31, 2025, 66% of the Group’s exposure related to the mortgage lending portfolio had an LTV ratio below

or equal to 50% compared to 65% as of December 31, 2024.

Focus areas in 2025

As mentioned in the Key risk themes section, Deutsche Bank has identified commercial real estate and climate risk as

focus areas of the Group in 2025.

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial Real Estate (CRE) markets continue to face headwinds due to the impacts of higher interest rates, reduced

market liquidity attached to tightened lending conditions, and structural changes in the office sector. The market stress

has been more pronounced in the U.S. where property price indices show a more substantial decline of CRE asset values

from recent peaks, compared to Europe and APAC. Especially within the office segment, the market weakness is most

evident in the U.S., reflected in subdued leasing activity and higher vacancy rates compared to Europe. Recent market

data indicate stabilization in some markets.

In the current environment, the main risk for the portfolio is related to refinancing and extension of maturing loans which

is negatively affected by the impact of higher interest rates on collateral values and debt service. CRE loans often have a

significant portion of principal payable at maturity. Under current market conditions, borrowers may have difficulty

obtaining a new loan to repay the maturing debt or to meet conditions that allow extension of loans. This risk is further

amplified for loans in the office segment due to increased uncertainty about letting prospects for office properties.

Deutsche Bank is closely monitoring the CRE portfolio for development of such risks.

The Group continues to proactively work with borrowers to address upcoming maturities to establish terms for loan

amendments and extensions, which in many cases, are classified as forbearance triggering Stage 2 classification under

IFRS 9 but are not always deemed modifications under IFRS (please see modification of financial assets and financial

liabilities section). However, in certain cases, no agreement can be reached on loan extensions or loan amendments and

the borrower’s inability to restructure or refinance leads to a default. This has resulted in higher Stage 3 ECL’s in 2024

and 2025. Overall, uncertainty remains with respect to future defaults and the timing of a full recovery in the CRE

markets.

The CRE portfolio consists of lending arrangements originated across various parts of the bank and client segments. The

CRE portfolio under the Group’s CRE definition includes exposures reported under the Main Credit Exposure Categories

by Industry Sectors for Real Estate Activities NACE and exposures reported under other NACE classifications including

Financial and Insurance Activities.

Within the CRE portfolio, the Group differentiates between recourse and non-recourse financing. Recourse CRE

financings typically have a lower inherent risk profile based on recourse to creditworthy entities or individuals, in addition

to mortgage collateral. Recourse CRE exposures range from secured recourse lending for business or commercial

properties to property companies, Wealth Management clients, as well as other private and corporate clients.

Non-recourse financings rely on sources of repayment that are typically limited to the cash flows generated by the

financed property and the ability to refinance such loans may be constrained by the underlying property value and

income stream generated by such property at the time of refinancing.

The entire CRE loan portfolio is subject to periodic stress testing under Deutsche Bank’s Group Wide Stress Test

Framework. In addition, Deutsche Bank uses bespoke portfolio stress testing for certain sub-segments of the CRE loan

portfolio to obtain a more comprehensive view of potential downside risks. For the year ending December 31, 2025Group

performed a bespoke portfolio stress test on a subset of the non-recourse financing portfolio deemed higher risk based

on its heightened sensitivity to current CRE market stress factors, including higher interest rates, declining collateral

values and elevated refinancing risk due to loan structures with a high proportion of their outstanding principal balance

payable at maturity.

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As of December 31, 2025, the non-recourse portfolio subject to bespoke portfolio stress testing, also referred to as the

higher risk CRE portfolio or the stress-tested CRE portfolio, amounted to € 24.3 billion of the € 30.6 billion non-recourse

CRE portfolio, excluding sub-portfolios with less impacted risk drivers, which benefit from strong underlying demand

fundamentals. The reduction in the non-recourse CRE portfolio and stress-tested CRE portfolio since December 31,

2024 was € 5.9 billion and € 5.0 billion, respectively, mainly driven by loan repayments , loan sales and FX impact partially

offset by new loan originations. Allowance for credit losses as per December 31, 2025 amounted to € 1.1 billion for the

non-recourse and € 903 million for the stress-tested CRE portfolios (December 31, 2024 € 795 million and € 653 million

respectively).

The following table shows the stress-tested CRE portfolio by IFRS 9 stages, region, property type and average weighted loan to

value (LTV) as well as provision for credit losses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024,

respectively.

Stress-tested CRE portfolio

		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Gross Carrying Amount1		Gross Carrying Amount1
Exposure by stages
Stage 1		14,402		18,756
Stage 2		6,277		7,713
Stage 3		3,609		2,836
Total		24,288		29,305
thereof:
Forborne exposure		5,133		5,389
thereof:
North America		51%		54%
Western Europe (including Germany)		44%2		39%
Asia/Pacific		5%		7%
thereof: offices		35%		42%
North America		18%		24%
Western Europe (including Germany)		16%3		17%
Asia/Pacific		1%		2%
thereof: residential		15%		12%
thereof: hospitality		15%		10%
thereof: retail		11%		10%
Weighted average LTV, in %
Investment Bank		65%		66%
Corporate Bank		58%		56%
Other Business		70%		71%
		2025		2024
Allowance for Credit Losses4		903		653
Provision for Credit Losses4		712		492
thereof: North America		613		400

1 Loans at amortized cost

2 Germany accounts for approximately 9% of the total stress-tested CRE portfolio

3 Office loans in Germany account for 14% of total office loans in the stress-tested CRE portfolio

4Allowance for Credit Losses and Provision for Credit Losses do not include country risk provisions

The average LTV in the U.S. office loan segment increased from 81% as of December 31, 2024 to 88% as of December 31,

2025, in part due to repayments of some larger exposures. LTV calculations are based on latest externally appraised

values which are additionally subject to regular interim internal adjustments. While the Group is updating CRE collateral

values where applicable, such values and their underlying assumptions are subject to a higher degree of fluctuation and

uncertainty in the current environment of heightened market volatility and reduced market liquidity.

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Stage classification and provisioning levels are primarily based on the Group’s assessment of a borrower’s ability to

generate recurring cash flows, its ability to obtain refinancing at the loan’s maturity, and an assessment of the financed

property’s collateral value. Deutsche Bank actively monitors these factors for potential signs of deterioration to ensure

timely adjustment of the borrower’s loan classifications. When a loan is deemed to be impaired, the Group calculates

required credit loss provisions using multiple potential scenarios for loan resolution, weighted by their expected

probabilities and taking into account information available at that point. Such assessments are inherently subjective with

respect to scenario weightings and subject to various assumptions, including future cash flows generated by a property

and potential property liquidation proceeds. These assumptions are subject to uncertainties which are exacerbated in the

current volatile market environment such that deviating developments to initial assumptions could have a material

future impact on calculated provisions. Additional uncertainty exists within the office sector due to the uncertain long-

term impact of remote working arrangements on demand for office space. The Group remains highly selective around

new business, focusing on more attractive property types such as multi-family in particular sub-markets.

While central banks have started to cut short-term interest rates, the Group expects current CRE market conditions to

continue, in the near-term particularly in the office sector which could result in further deterioration of asset quality and

elevated credit loss provisions.

Since the onset of the CRE market deterioration, the Group aims to assess the downside risk of additional credit losses in

its higher risk non-recourse portfolio through a temporary bespoke stress testing focused on examining property values

movements as basis of to identify potential losses on a portfolio basis. Stressed values are derived by applying an

observed peak-to-trough market index decline (a commercial property value market index) to the appraised values

reduced by an additional haircut, differentiated by property type and region. Implying a liquidation scenario, the stress

analysis assumes a loss to occur on a loan when the stressed property value is less than the outstanding loan balance, i.e.,

the stress LTV beyond 100%.

Based on the stress test assumptions, utilizing the stress-tested CRE portfolio and most current risk data as of

December 31, 2025, as a starting point, macro-economic stress could result in a severe stress scenario of

approximately € 1.2 billion of credit losses, over multiple years based on the respective maturity profile. The allowance

recorded against the stress tested portfolio was  € 0.9 billion  as of December 31, 2025.

The bespoke stress test has numerous limitations, including but not restricted to lack of differentiation based on

individual asset performance, specific location or asset desirability, all of which could have a material impact on potential

stress losses. Furthermore, calculated stress losses are sensitive to potential further deterioration of peak-to-trough

index values and assumptions about incremental haircuts and incremental stress loss can therefore change in future.

Changes in underlying assumptions could lead to a wider range of stress results and hence the Group's bespoke stress

approach should be viewed as one of multiple possible scenarios. While the stress test aims to assess potential losses in

an adverse scenario, Deutsche Bank believes that based on currently available information, the ECL estimate related to

the Group’s CRE portfolio is within a reasonable range and thus represents the bank’s best estimate, considering the

advanced stage of the current down cycle which is pointing towards stabilization as real estate values have adjusted to

the shocks from higher interest rates and remote working trends.

Climate Risk

Background and definitions

Climate transition and physical risks present growing risks to the bank’s sectoral and regional portfolios.

Transition risks, defined as the risks arising from the policy, technology and behavioral changes needed to decarbonize

the global economy, are expected to lead to a progressive shift away from fossil fuel-based technologies in favor of

renewable energy sources. This will generate increased risks for companies with carbon intensive business models who

are unable to execute on credible transition plans. Deutsche Bank is exposed to transition risks via its lending to, and

other business activities with, carbon intensive clients and physical assets.

Physical risks, defined as the potential for physical damage and associated financial and non-financial losses due to rising

temperatures, are increasing in frequency and intensity. Deutsche Bank is exposed to physical risks via its lending to, and

other business activities with, clients and physical assets in regions which are vulnerable to acute events (e.g., wildfires,

hurricanes) and chronic events (e.g., rising sea levels).

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Risk identification, assessment and management.

A comprehensive climate materiality assessment is performed on an annual basis which assesses potential impacts

across a range of scenarios and timeframes. The assessment utilizes a range of quantitative estimation approaches

including emissions and emission intensity estimates, physical risk loss estimates across a range of different temperature

scenarios and client transition and physical risk scorecards. The materiality assessment is based on internal ratings

migration for corporate lending exposures and the impact on collateral value for real estate exposures. The quantitative

assessment is supplemented by qualitative views from internal subject matter experts. The bank also conducts annual

stress testing of climate and physical risks across a range of scenarios and timeframes.

The results of these assessments are utilized to quantify potential downside risks and to identify clients in higher risk

portfolios which are subject to enhanced due diligence as part of the bank’s credit approval process. Risk assessments

are integrated into the internal credit rating process and are considered as potential triggers for inclusion in the

Watchlist. Dedicated requirements for insurance arrangements are in place for real estate lending. To manage climate

transition risks, net zero targets have been established for key carbon intensive sectors with dedicated governance in

place to review transactions with a significant impact on target metrics. A detailed presentation and discussion of the

bank’s net zero targets is provided in the Bank’s updated Transition Plan published in August 2025.

Forward-looking impact analysis

Based on the 2025 materiality assessment and climate stress test results the Group concludes that potential credit risk

impacts are well-contained in both the short (1-2yr) and medium term (3-5yr) under current policy assumptions, and also

in a scenario where all stated pledges by governments are enforced. The former scenario is considered most likely to

occur in the short-to-medium term, that latter scenario is considered less likely to materialize in the current geopolitical

environment.

The 2025 materiality assessment concludes that long-term risks are potentially material across all scenarios but with a

high degree of uncertainty over the results reflecting the very long time frame, up to 25 years, and based on several

conservative assumptions including a static balance sheet.

Risks to the portfolio would be significantly higher in a disorderly net zero scenario where following a prolonged period of

inaction governments introduced punitive climate taxes and other policies with a very short implementation period.

Deutsche Bank considers this scenario to be extremely unlikely to materialize in the short to medium term and thus the

risk is reflected in Deutsche Bank´s Economic Capital calculation rather than ECL.

Both the materiality assessment and bespoke climate stress test have several limitations including but not limited to high

levels of uncertainty on policy developments over the medium-to-long term, difficulty with precisely forecasting the

location and severity of physical risk events and assumptions around the adaptive capabilities of the bank´s clients.

Utilization of multiple scenarios is designed to mitigate these uncertainties.

Based on these estimates Deutsche Bank believes that ECL estimates for higher transition and physical risk exposures are

within reasonable ranges and require no additional corrective measure.

A sensitivity analysis has been undertaken as part of the climate stress test that is based on reasonable ranges of

potential variation for carbon prices and energy prices. The stressed ECL impacts at a one-year horizon were found to be

from a single digit number for a current policies scenario to a low 2-digit figure for a Delayed Transition scenario. These

estimations are aligned with the outputs of the materiality assessment.

Conclusion

To ensure that Deutsche Bank’s expected credit losses (ECL) model was taking into account the uncertainties in the

macroeconomic environment throughout 2025, the Group reviewed emerging risks to assess its potential downside and

to manage the bank’s credit strategy and risk appetite on an ongoing basis. Overall, Deutsche Bank believes the actions

taken as a result of these reviews were designated to ensure the bank was adequately provisioned for its expected credit

losses as of December 31, 2025.

152

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Asset Quality

This section describes the quality of debt instruments subject to impairment, which under IFRS 9 consist of debt

instruments measured at amortized cost, financial instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income

(FVOCI) as well as off balance sheet lending commitments such as loan commitments and financial guarantees (hereafter

collectively referred to as “Financial Assets”).

Overview of financial assets subject to impairment

The following tables provide an overview of the exposure amount and allowance for credit losses by financial asset class

broken down into stages as per IFRS 9 requirements.

Overview of financial assets subject to impairment

		Dec 31, 2025										Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Amortized cost¹
Gross carrying amount		727,810		53,383		14,874		615		796,683		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807
Allowance for credit losses²		421		888		4,600		247		6,156		438		736		4,412		213		5,799
of which Loans
Gross carrying amount		416,848		52,092		14,720		610		484,270		417,456		56,540		14,974		609		489,579
Allowance for credit losses²		409		881		4,513		247		6,049		411		718		4,326		213		5,668
Fair value through OCI
Fair value		43,030		466		147		—		43,644		36,828		5,176		86		—		42,090
Allowance for credit losses		12		22		14		—		48		12		16		10		—		38
Off-balance sheet
Notional amount		321,740		26,678		2,724		21		351,164		313,625		25,983		2,225		7		341,840
Allowance for credit losses³		98		96		196		2		393		106		82		173		—		361

1 Financial assets at amortized cost consist of: loans at amortized cost, cash and central bank balances, interbank balances (w/o central banks), central bank funds sold and

securities purchased under resale agreements, securities borrowed and certain subcategories of other assets

2 Allowance for credit losses do not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 7 million as of December 31, 2025 and € 14 million as of December 31, 2024

3 Allowance for credit losses do not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 12 million as of December 31, 2025 and € 2 million as of December 31, 2024

153

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Financial assets at amortized cost

The following tables provide an overview of development of financial assets at amortized cost and related allowance for

credit losses in each of the relevant reporting periods broken down into stages as per IFRS 9 requirements.

Development of exposures in the current reporting period

		Dec 31, 2025
		Gross carrying amount
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		94,185		1,095		1,549		170		96,999
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		4,569		(6,011)		1,442		—		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		—		3		(34)		—		(31)
Changes in models		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period		(25,550)		(3,197)		(2,697)		(167)		(31,611)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		164		—		164
Foreign exchange and other changes		(26,540)		(2,344)		(764)		3		(29,645)
Balance, end of reporting period		727,810		53,383		14,874		615		796,683

N/M – Not meaningful

Financial assets at amortized cost subject to impairment increased primarily in Stage 1 in 2025:

Stage 1 exposures increased by € 46 billion or 7%, primarily due to an increase in cash and central bank balances and

securities purchased as a part of Bank’s asset purchase program initiative to expand portfolio of European government

bonds.

Stage 2 exposures went down by € 10 billion or 16% mainly due to stage upgrade from Stage 2 to stage 1 for a single

large client in Asia Pacific and a decrease in Private Bank.

Stage 3 exposures decreased by € 0.3 billion or 2% in 2025, primarily due to decrease in Private Bank. This decrease has

been partially offset by an increase in CRE Portfolio within Investment Bank.

Development of exposures in the previous reporting period

		Dec 31, 2024
		Gross carrying amount
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		692,091		55,704		12,799		806		761,400
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		73,483		934		2,151		(33)		76,536
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		(11,473)		9,079		2,394		N/M		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		—		9		(55)		—		(46)
Changes in models		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period		(86,710)		(2,906)		(2,598)		(180)		(92,394)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		157		—		157
Foreign exchange and other changes		13,756		1,016		367		16		15,154
Balance, end of reporting period		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807

N/M – Not meaningful

Financial assets at amortized cost subject to impairment slightly decreased by € 1 billion in 2024, driven by stage 1:Stage

1 exposures decreased by € 11 billion or 2%, primarily due to a reduction in cash and central bank balances partly offset

by an increase in securities purchased under resale agreements.

Stage 2 exposures went up by € 8 billion or 15% mainly due to a large single client in Corporate & Other and an increase

in Private Bank mainly driven by residual temporary impacts following the Postbank integration.

Stage 3 exposures increased by € 2 billion or 16% in 2024, mainly driven by new defaults in Private Bank and Corporate &

Other. The latter were related to the CRE portfolio.

154

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Development of allowance for credit losses in the current reporting period

		Dec 31, 2025
		Allowance for Credit Losses²
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI⁴		Total
Balance, beginning of year		438		736		4,412		213		5,799
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		(90)		178		1,663		9		1,760
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		119		(85)		(35)		N/M		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Changes in models5		(63)		91		(155)		—		(127)
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period³		—		—		(1,002)		—		(1,002)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		164		—		164
Foreign exchange and other changes		18		(33)		(447)		25		(437)
Balance, end of reporting period		421		888		4,600		247		6,156
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk¹		(34)		185		1,473		9		1,633

N/M – Not meaningful

1 Movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in creditworthiness and changes in models add up to Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk

2  Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 7 million as of December 31, 2025

3 This position represents charge offs of allowance for credit losses

4 The total amount of undiscounted expected credit losses at initial recognition on financial assets that are purchased or originated credit-impaired initially recognized

during the reporting period was € 74 million in 2025 and € — million in 2024

5 Changes in models primarily reflect LGD model update and changes to the SICR model

Allowance for credit losses for financial assets at amortized cost subject to impairment went up by € 358 million or 6% in

2025, largely driven by Stage 3:

Stage 1 allowances decreased by € 16 million or 4% mainly driven by Private Bank due to exposure reduction which has

been partially offset by increases in Corporate Bank and Investment Bank.

Stage 2 allowances increased by € 152 million or 21% largely due to Private Bank and Investment Bank.

Stage 3 allowances went up by € 222 million or 5% in 2025, driven by additional charges in the CRE portfolio within

Investment Bank and an increase in Personal Banking within Private Bank.

The Group’s Stage 3 coverage ratio (defined as allowance for credit losses in Stage 3 (excluding POCI) as a percentage of

financial assets at amortized cost in Stage 3 (excluding POCI)) amounted to 31% in the current fiscal year, compared to

29% in the prior year.

Development of allowance for credit losses in the previous reporting period

		Dec 31, 2024
		Allowance for Credit Losses²
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI⁴		Total
Balance, beginning of year		447		680		3,960		198		5,285
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		(150)		194		1,814		3		1,861
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		128		(128)		—		N/M		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Changes in models		(2)		(7)		—		—		(9)
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period³		—		—		(1,229)		—		(1,229)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		157		—		157
Foreign exchange and other changes		15		(3)		(290)		11		(267)
Balance, end of reporting period		438		736		4,412		213		5,799
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk¹		(24)		59		1,814		3		1,852

N/M – Not meaningful

1 Movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in creditworthiness and changes in models add up to Provision for Credit Losses excluding

country risk

2 Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 14 million as of December 31, 2024

3 This position represents charge offs of allowance for credit losses

4 The total amount of undiscounted expected credit losses at initial recognition on financial assets that are purchased or originated credit-impaired initially recognized

during the reporting period was € — million in 2024 and € — million in 2023

155

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Allowance for credit losses for financial assets at amortized cost subject to impairment went up by € 513 million or 10%

in 2024, driven by stage 3:

Stage 1 allowances decreased by € 9 million or 2% mainly driven by Private Bank due to exposure reduction and almost

offset by increases in Corporate Bank and Investment Bank.

Stage 2 allowances increased by € 56 million or 8% largely due to Private Bank and Corporate Bank.

Stage 3 allowances went up by € 466 million or 11% in 2024, driven by additional charges in the CRE portfolio and in

Corporate Bank as well as new defaults in Private Bank. The latter were offset to a large extent by non-performing loans

sales.

The Group’s stage 3 coverage ratio (defined as allowance for credit losses in stage 3 (excluding POCI) as a percentage of

financial assets at amortized cost in stage 3 (excluding POCI)) amounted to 29% in the current fiscal year, compared to

31% in the prior year.

Financial assets at amortized cost by business division

		Dec 31, 2025
		Gross Carrying Amount¹										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Corporate Bank		121,313		13,065		2,700		16		137,094		61		109		1,027		(2)		1,196
Investment Bank		185,796		10,843		4,418		561		201,618		168		252		794		238		1,453
Private Bank		215,857		28,216		7,161		39		251,272		187		507		2,678		10		3,382
Asset Management		1,374		3		—		—		1,377		—		—		—		—		—
Corporate & Other		203,470		1,256		596		—		205,322		5		20		101		—		126
Total		727,810		53,383		14,874		615		796,683		421		888		4,600		247		6,156

1 Gross Carrying Amount numbers per business division are reported after a reallocation of cash balances from business divisions to Corporate & Other

		Dec 31, 2024
		Gross Carrying Amount¹										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Corporate Bank		115,541		12,770		3,015		—		131,326		86		121		1,006		—		1,212
Investment Bank		179,230		12,380		3,462		609		195,682		138		112		714		213		1,176
Private Bank		224,098		30,564		7,864		—		262,526		205		489		2,583		—		3,277
Asset Management		1,213		11		—		—		1,224		—		—		—		—		—
Corporate & Other		161,066		8,111		873		—		170,050		9		14		110		—		133
Total		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807		438		736		4,412		213		5,799

1 Gross Carrying Amount numbers per business division are reported after a reallocation of cash balances from business divisions to Corporate & Other

156

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Financial assets at amortized cost by industry sector

The below table provides an overview of the Group’s asset quality by industry and is based on the NACE code of the

counterparty. NACE (Nomenclature des Activités Économiques dans la Communauté Européenne) is a standard

European industry classification system.

		Dec 31, 2025
		Gross Carrying Amount										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		323		55		11		1		390		—		1		5		—		7
Mining and quarrying		1,661		274		29		—		1,964		2		4		13		—		19
Manufacturing		21,660		3,849		1,252		21		26,782		24		42		540		5		610
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		4,103		598		155		—		4,856		4		4		73		—		81
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		537		129		9		—		675		1		1		5		—		6
Construction		4,064		683		208		52		5,008		5		11		70		30		116
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		18,514		2,375		981		21		21,891		17		30		457		—		504
Transport and storage		4,621		392		274		22		5,309		4		5		78		—		86
Accommodation and food service activities		2,489		1,008		61		1		3,559		4		10		27		—		41
Information and communication		8,102		712		494		—		9,308		10		10		99		—		120
Financial and insurance activities		373,938		8,435		1,879		142		384,394		93		110		523		59		785
Real estate activities		32,736		8,998		3,868		143		45,745		45		176		542		80		843
Professional, scientific and technical activities		8,970		1,043		255		4		10,272		8		19		109		1		137
Administrative and support service activities		6,157		998		136		7		7,298		6		10		44		3		62
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		38,099		837		505		—		39,442		3		2		23		—		28
Education		169		74		8		—		251		—		1		2		—		3
Human health services and social work activities		3,195		588		133		1		3,917		4		10		23		—		37
Arts, entertainment and recreation		714		104		36		—		854		1		3		6		—		10
Other service activities		19,290		1,358		374		160		21,182		12		8		155		57		233
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		170,423		20,868		4,207		39		195,538		178		432		1,804		12		2,426
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		8,045		4		—		—		8,048		—		—		—		—		—
Total		727,810		53,383		14,874		615		796,683		421		888		4,600		247		6,156

157

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
		Gross Carrying Amount										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		360		55		12		—		427		—		1		5		—		6
Mining and quarrying		1,687		234		4		—		1,926		3		5		3		—		11
Manufacturing		21,327		4,382		1,303		32		27,044		23		39		534		2		597
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		3,898		407		210		—		4,515		6		8		77		—		92
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		527		63		5		—		595		1		1		3		—		4
Construction		3,643		713		207		45		4,609		5		8		81		13		106
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		18,487		2,453		709		23		21,672		16		26		334		3		378
Transport and storage		4,145		829		259		24		5,257		4		4		45		—		53
Accommodation and food service activities		2,224		386		63		—		2,673		3		5		25		—		32
Information and communication		8,220		977		212		—		9,409		11		14		55		—		79
Financial and insurance activities		344,869		15,962		2,213		133		363,176		130		110		580		50		870
Real estate activities		35,812		10,860		3,604		173		50,448		18		48		512		88		666
Professional, scientific and technical activities		5,279		861		223		1		6,364		4		10		89		1		104
Administrative and support service activities		7,864		1,265		117		24		9,269		8		6		39		8		61
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		23,217		1,018		641		—		24,876		10		3		31		—		44
Education		251		38		7		—		295		—		—		2		—		3
Human health services and social work activities		3,695		453		115		—		4,264		4		10		15		—		29
Arts, entertainment and recreation		716		95		11		—		822		—		1		4		—		6
Other service activities		16,190		810		419		113		17,532		13		6		144		30		193
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services- producing activities of households for own use		178,025		21,971		4,879		42		204,917		180		431		1,835		18		2,464
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		711		5		—		—		716		—		—		—		—		—
Total		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807		438		736		4,412		213		5,799

158

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Credit Risk Exposure

Financial assets at amortized cost by region

		Dec 31, 2025
		Gross Carrying Amount										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Germany		272,360		23,872		4,908		16		301,156		160		426		2,324		(7)		2,903
Western Europe (excluding Germany)		177,613		13,040		3,152		351		194,157		122		247		1,103		192		1,664
Eastern Europe		11,864		934		97		—		12,895		2		6		43		—		51
North America		177,465		10,859		5,303		71		193,697		89		180		792		15		1,077
Central and South America		5,351		597		73		—		6,020		3		4		2		—		9
Asia/Pacific		68,050		2,767		708		73		71,599		34		17		199		1		252
Africa		4,911		1,066		483		—		6,460		4		3		26		—		34
Other		10,196		247		152		104		10,699		7		4		111		45		167
Total		727,810		53,383		14,874		615		796,683		421		888		4,600		247		6,156

		Dec 31, 2024
		Gross Carrying Amount										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Germany		256,977		24,236		4,579		—		285,792		205		447		2,181		(2)		2,831
Western Europe (excluding Germany)		158,729		13,601		3,525		321		176,177		117		186		1,114		154		1,572
Eastern Europe		8,996		804		205		—		10,004		4		12		38		—		54
North America		178,548		15,549		4,888		62		199,047		51		70		619		11		752
Central and South America		5,445		459		73		—		5,978		4		2		19		—		25
Asia/Pacific		61,195		8,423		979		114		70,711		41		15		281		(3)		333
Africa		4,159		530		604		—		5,293		10		3		33		—		46
Other		7,098		234		361		113		7,806		6		2		127		52		186
Total		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807		438		736		4,412		213		5,799

Financial assets at amortized cost by rating class

		Dec 31, 2025
		Gross Carrying Amount										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
iAAA–iAA		267,161		653		—		—		267,813		2		1		—		—		3
iA		118,048		828		—		10		118,886		10		3		—		—		12
iBBB		179,141		4,125		—		—		183,266		60		10		—		—		70
iBB		143,684		18,896		—		1		162,582		246		208		—		—		454
iB		19,776		21,945		—		—		41,721		100		378		—		—		478
iCCC and below		—		6,937		14,874		604		22,415		3		289		4,600		247		5,138
Total		727,810		53,383		14,874		615		796,683		421		888		4,600		247		6,156

		Dec 31, 2024
		Gross Carrying Amount										Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
iAAA–iAA		226,138		7,186		—		—		233,324		2		—		—		—		2
iA		110,279		2,061		—		10		112,351		10		1		—		—		11
iBBB		179,697		7,150		—		—		186,847		54		12		—		—		66
iBB		140,755		20,146		—		—		160,901		246		111		—		—		358
iB		23,090		21,692		—		—		44,782		115		351		—		—		466
iCCC and below		1,188		5,601		15,214		599		22,603		11		260		4,412		213		4,896
Total		681,147		63,836		15,214		609		760,807		438		736		4,412		213		5,799

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The Group’s existing commitments to lend additional funds to debtors with stage 3 financial assets at amortized cost

amounted to € 903 million as of December 31, 2025 and € 710 million as of December 31, 2024.

Collateral held against financial assets at amortized cost in stage 3

Dec 31, 2025

Dec 31, 2024

in € m.

Gross Carrying Amount

Collateral

Guarantees

Gross Carrying Amount

Collateral

Guarantees

Financial Assets at Amortized Cost (Stage 3)1

14,874

6,294

1,066

15,214

6,242

1,368

1 Stage 3 excluding POCI assets

In 2025, collateral and guarantees held against financial assets at amortized cost in Stage 3 decreased by € 0.3 billion, or

3% mainly driven by Private Bank.

Due to full collateralization the Group did not recognize an allowance for credit losses against financial assets at

amortized cost in Stage 3 for € 1.8 billion in 2025 and € 1.6 billion in 2024.

Modified assets at amortized cost

A financial asset is considered modified when its contractual cash flows are renegotiated or otherwise modified.

Renegotiation or modification may or may not lead to derecognition of the old and recognition of the new financial

instrument. This section covers modified financial assets that have not been derecognized.

Under IFRS 9, when the terms of a financial asset are renegotiated or modified and the modification does not result in

derecognition, a gain or loss is recognized in the income statement as the difference between the original contractual

cash flows and the modified cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate (EIR). For modified financial

assets the determination of whether the asset’s credit risk has increased significantly reflects the comparison of:

–The remaining lifetime probability of default (PD) at the reporting date based on the modified terms; with

–The remaining lifetime PD estimated based on data at initial recognition and based on the original contractual terms.

The following table provides the overview of modified financial assets at amortized cost broken down into IFRS 9 stages.

Modified Assets at Amortized Cost

		Dec 31, 2025										Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Amortized cost carrying amount prior to modification		56		243		268		—		567		—		726		132		—		858
Net modification gain/losses recognized		—		3		(34)		—		(31)		—		9		(55)		—		(46)

In 2025, the bank has observed a decrease of € 291 million in modified assets at amortized cost due to client related

modifications, driven by Investment Bank and Private Bank.

In 2025, the Group has not observed any amounts of modified assets that have been upgraded to Stage 1. The bank has

not observed any subsequent re-deterioration of those assets into Stages 2 and 3.

In 2024, the Group has not observed any amounts of modified assets that have been upgraded to Stage 1. The bank has

not observed any subsequent re-deterioration of those assets into Stages 2 and 3.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

The fair value of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) subject to impairment under

IFRS 9 was € 44 billion at December 31, 2025, compared to € 42 billion at December 31, 2024. Allowance for credit

losses against these assets remained at very low levels (€ 48 million as of December 31, 2025 and € 38 million as of

December 31, 2024). Due to immateriality no further breakdown is provided for financial assets at FVOCI.

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Off-balance sheet lending commitments and guarantee business

The following tables provide an overview of the nominal amount and credit loss allowance for the Group’s off-balance

sheet financial asset class broken down into stages as per IFRS 9 requirements.

Development of nominal amount in the current reporting period

		Dec 31, 2025
		Nominal Amount
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		313,625		25,983		2,225		7		341,840
Movements including new business		28,461		322		374		14		29,171
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		(1,997)		1,719		278		N/M		—
Changes in models		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		—
Foreign exchange and other changes		(18,349)		(1,346)		(152)		—		(19,847)
Balance, end of reporting period		321,740		26,678		2,724		21		351,164
of which: Financial guarantees		66,797		11,855		441		—		79,092

N/M – Not meaningful

Development of nominal amount in the previous reporting period

		Dec 31, 2024
		Nominal Amount
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		292,747		23,778		2,282		8		318,814
Movements including new business		14,542		(662)		(25)		—		13,855
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		(2,108)		2,215		(107)		N/M		—
Changes in models		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Foreign exchange and other changes		8,444		652		76		—		9,171
Balance, end of reporting period		313,625		25,983		2,225		7		341,840
of which: Financial guarantees		61,279		11,752		436		—		73,467

N/M – Not meaningful

Development of allowance for credit losses in the current reporting period

		Dec 31, 2025
		Allowance for Credit Losses2
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		106		82		173		—		361
Movements including new business		(12)		25		38		2		53
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		4		(2)		(2)		N/M		—
Changes in models		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange and other changes		—		(8)		(13)		—		(21)
Balance, end of reporting period		98		96		196		2		393
of which: Financial guarantees		55		47		81		—		184
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk1		(8)		23		36		2		53

N/M – Not meaningful

1 The above table breaks down the impact on provision for credit losses from movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in

creditworthiness and changes in models

2 Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 12 million as of December 31, 2025

161

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Development of allowance for credit losses in the previous reporting period

		Dec 31, 2024
		Allowance for Credit Losses2
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		117		88		187		—		393
Movements including new business		(22)		3		(19)		—		(38)
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		10		(9)		—		N/M		—
Changes in models		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange and other changes		1		(1)		5		—		6
Balance, end of reporting period		106		82		173		—		361
of which: Financial guarantees		67		49		99		—		214
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk1		(13)		(6)		(20)		—		(38)

N/M – Not meaningful

1 The above table breaks down the impact on provision for credit losses from movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in

creditworthiness and changes in models

2 Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 2 million as of December 31, 2024

Legal claims

Assets subject to enforcement activity consist of assets, which have been fully or partially written off and the Group still

continues to pursue recovery of the asset. Such enforcement activity comprises for example cases where the bank

continues to devote resources (e.g., Legal Department/CRM workout unit) towards recovery, either via legal channels or

third party recovery agents. Enforcement activity also applies to cases where the Bank maintains outstanding and

unsettled legal claims. This is irrespective of whether amounts are expected to be recovered and the recovery timeframe.

It may be common practice in certain jurisdictions for recovery cases to span several years.

Amounts outstanding on financial assets that were written off during the reporting period and are still subject to

enforcement activity amounted to € 277 million and € 222 million in 2025 and 2024 respectively, mainly in Investment

Bank.

Renegotiated and forborne assets at amortized costs

For economic or legal reasons the bank might enter into a forbearance agreement with a borrower who faces or will face

financial difficulties in order to ease the contractual obligation for a limited period of time. A case-by-case approach is

applied for corporate clients considering each transaction and client-specific facts and circumstances. For consumer

loans the bank offers forbearances for a limited period of time, in which the total or partial outstanding or future

installments are deferred to a later point of time. However, the amount not paid including accrued interest during this

period must be re-compensated at a later point of time. Repayment options include distribution over residual tenor, a

one-off payment or a tenor extension. Forbearances are restricted and depending on the economic situation of the

client, the Group’s risk management strategies and the local legislation. In case a forbearance agreement is entered into,

an impairment measurement is conducted as described below, an impairment charge is taken if necessary and the loan is

subsequently recorded as impaired.

In the Group’s management and reporting of forborne assets at amortized costs, the bank follows the EBA definition for

forbearances and non-performing loans (Implementing Technical Standards (ITS) on Supervisory reporting on

forbearance and non-performing exposures under article 99(4) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013). Once the conditions

mentioned in the ITS are met, the Group reports the loan as being forborne; removes the asset from the bank’s

forbearance reporting, once the discontinuance criteria in the ITS are met (i.e., the contract is considered as performing, a

minimum two year probation period has passed, regular payments of more than an insignificant aggregate amount of

principal or interest have been made during at least half of the probation period, and none of the exposures to the debtor

is more than 30 days past-due at the end of the probation period).

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Forborne financial assets at amortized cost

		Dec 31, 2025														Dec 31, 2024
		Performing				Non-performing						Total		Performing				Non-performing						Total
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3				Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3
German		—		1,975		—		14		1,235		3,224		174		2,248		—		4		1,056		3,481
Non- German		72		5,418		—		6		5,415		10,911		93		7,049		—		16		4,687		11,845
Total		72		7,392		—		20		6,650		14,135		267		9,297		—		20		5,742		15,326

Development of forborne financial assets at amortized cost

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Balance beginning of period		15,326		12,464
Classified as forborne during the year		6,767		8,572
Transferred to non-forborne during the year (including repayments)		(6,836)		(6,020)
Charge-offs		(122)		(211)
Exchange rate and other movements		(1,001)		521
Balance end of period		14,135		15,326

Forborne assets at amortized cost decreased by € 1.2 billion, or 8% in 2025, largely driven by decrease in real estate

exposures within Investment Bank and Wealth Management and Personal Banking within Private Bank.

Forborne assets at amortized cost increased by € 2.9 billion, or 23% in 2024. largely driven by real estate exposures

across various divisions.

Collateral Obtained

The Group obtains collateral on the balance sheet only in certain cases by either taking possession of collateral held as

security or by calling upon other credit enhancements. Collateral obtained is made available for sale in an orderly fashion

or through public auctions, with the proceeds used to repay or reduce outstanding indebtedness. Generally, the bank

does not occupy obtained properties for its business use.

Collateral Obtained during the reporting period

in € m.		2025		2024
Commercial real estate		47		251
Residential real estate1		1		3
Other		—		—
Total collateral obtained during the reporting period		49		254

1 Carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties amounted to € 19 million as of December 31, 2025 and €17 million as of December 31, 2024

Total collateral obtained of € 49 million during 2025 as well as € 254 million during 2024 primarily relate to a small

number of foreclosed commercial real estate properties in the US.

The collateral obtained, as shown in the table above, excludes collateral recorded as a result of consolidating

securitization trusts under IFRS 10. In 2025, the Group obtained € 47 million of collateral related to these trusts.

Derivatives – Credit Valuation Adjustment

The bank establishes counterparty Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) for OTC derivative transactions to cover expected

credit losses. The adjustment amount is determined by assessing the potential credit exposure to a given counterparty

and taking into account any collateral held, the effect of any relevant netting arrangements, expected loss given default

and the credit risk, based on available market information, including CDS spreads.

Treatment of default situations under derivatives

Unlike standard loan assets, the bank generally has more options to manage the credit risk in its derivatives transactions

when movement in the current replacement costs or the behavior of its counterparty indicate that there is the risk that

upcoming payment obligations under the transactions might not be honored. In these situations, the bank is frequently

able under the relevant derivatives agreements to obtain additional collateral or to terminate and close-out the

derivative transactions at short notice.

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The master agreements and associated collateralization agreements for OTC derivative transactions executed with its

clients typically result in the majority of its credit exposure being secured by collateral. It also provides for a broad set of

standard or bespoke termination rights, which allows the bank to respond swiftly to a counterparty’s default or to other

circumstances which indicate a high probability of failure.

The banks contractual termination rights are supported by internal policies and procedures with defined roles and

responsibilities which ensure that potential counterparty defaults are identified and addressed in a timely fashion. These

procedures include necessary settlement and trading restrictions. When its decision to terminate derivative transactions

results in a residual net obligation owed by the counterparty, the bank restructures the obligation into a non-derivative

claim and manage it through its regular work-out process. As a consequence, for accounting purposes the bank typically

does not show any nonperforming derivatives.

Wrong-way risk occurs when exposure to a counterparty is adversely correlated with the credit quality of that

counterparty. In compliance with Article 291(2) and (4) CRR the bank has a monthly process to monitor several layers of

wrong-way risk (specific wrong-way risk, general explicit wrong-way risk at country/industry/region levels and general

implicit wrong-way risk, whereby relevant exposures arising from transactions subject to wrong-way risk are

automatically selected and presented for comment to the responsible credit officer). A wrong-way risk report is then sent

to Credit Risk senior management on a monthly basis. In addition, the bank utilized its established process for calibrating

its own alpha factor (as defined in Article 284 (9) CRR) to estimate the overall wrong-way risk in its derivatives and

securities financing transactions portfolio. The Private Bank Germany’s derivative counterparty risk is immaterial to the

Group and collateral held is typically in the form of cash.

Credit Exposure from Derivatives

All exchange traded derivatives are cleared through central counterparties (“CCPs”), the rules and regulations of which

provide for daily margining of all current and future credit risk positions emerging out of such transactions. To the extent

possible, the bank also uses CCP services for OTC derivative transactions (“OTC clearing”); thereby the bank benefits

from the credit risk mitigation achieved through the CCP’s settlement system.

The Dodd-Frank Act provides for an extensive framework for the regulation of OTC derivatives, including mandatory

clearing, platform trading and transaction reporting of certain OTC derivatives, as well as rules regarding registration,

capital, margin, business conduct standards, recordkeeping and other requirements for swap dealers, security-based

swap dealers, major swap participants and major security-based swap participants. The Dodd-Frank Act and related

CFTC rules require OTC clearing in the United States for certain standardized OTC derivative transactions, including

certain interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps. Margin requirements for non-cleared derivative transactions in

the U.S. started in September 2016. The European Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 on OTC Derivatives, Central

Counterparties and Trade Repositories (“EMIR”) introduced a number of risk mitigation techniques for non-centrally

cleared OTC derivatives in 2013 and the reporting of OTC and exchange traded derivatives in 2014. Mandatory clearing

of certain standardized OTC derivatives transactions in the EU began in June 2016, and margin requirements for un-

cleared OTC derivative transactions in the EU started in February 2017. Deutsche Bank implemented the exchange of

both initial and variation margin in the EU from February 2017 for the first category of counterparties subject to the EMIR

margin for uncleared derivatives requirements.

The CFTC has adopted rules implementing the most significant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. More recently, in

September 2020, the CFTC issued a final rule on the cross-border application of U.S. swap rules, which builds on, and in

some cases supersedes the CFTC’s cross-border guidance from 2013 and related no-action relief letters. In October

2020, also pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC finalized regulations to impose position limits on certain

commodities and economically equivalent swaps, futures and options.

The SEC has also finalized rules regarding registration, trade reporting, capital, margin, risk mitigation techniques,

business conduct standards, trade acknowledgement and verification, recordkeeping and financial reporting, and cross-

border requirements for security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants. Compliance with these

requirements was generally required as of November 2021.

Finally, U.S. prudential regulators (the Federal Reserve, the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Farm

Credit Administration and the Federal Housing Finance Agency) have adopted final rules establishing margin

requirements for non-cleared swaps and security-based swaps that are applicable to swap dealers and security-based

swap dealers that are subject to U.S. prudential regulations (such as Deutsche Bank) in lieu of the CFTC’s and the SEC’s

margin rules. Deutsche Bank implemented the exchange of both initial and variation margin for uncleared derivatives in

the U.S. from September 2016, for the first category of counterparties subject to the U.S. prudential regulators’ margin

requirements. Additional initial margin requirements for smaller counterparties have been phased in from September

2017 through September 2022, with the relevant compliance dates depending in each case on the transactional volume

of the parties and their affiliates.

164

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The following table shows a breakdown of notional amounts and gross market values for assets and liabilities of

exchange traded and OTC derivative transactions on the basis of clearing channel.

Notional amounts of derivatives on basis of clearing channel and type of derivative

		Dec 31, 2025
		Notional amount maturity distribution
in € m.		Within 1 year		> 1 and ≤ 5 years		After 5 years		Total		Positive market value		Negative market value		Net market value
Interest rate related:
OTC		17,041,938		13,931,032		9,541,283		40,514,253		118,098		105,415		12,683
Bilateral (Amt)		3,753,247		2,319,020		1,543,911		7,616,178		94,373		82,403		11,971
CCP (Amt)		13,288,691		11,612,012		7,997,372		32,898,075		23,724		23,012		712
Exchange-traded		2,911,731		493,685		87		3,405,503		99		125		(26)
Total Interest rate related		19,953,668		14,424,718		9,541,370		43,919,755		118,196		105,540		12,656
Currency related:
OTC		7,061,584		1,257,976		526,624		8,846,185		96,211		90,949		5,262
Bilateral (Amt)		6,850,895		1,238,176		525,924		8,614,995		95,056		89,730		5,326
CCP (Amt)		210,690		19,800		700		231,190		1,156		1,219		(63)
Exchange-traded		83,825		301		—		84,126		280		310		(30)
Total Currency related		7,145,409		1,258,277		526,624		8,930,311		96,491		91,259		5,232
Equity/index related:
OTC		26,058		19,183		10,493		55,735		1,794		2,620		(826)
Bilateral (Amt)		26,058		19,183		10,493		55,735		1,794		2,620		(826)
CCP (Amt)		—		—		—				—		—		—
Exchange-traded		182,299		32,150		2,352		216,800		2,220		2,353		(134)
Total Equity/index related		208,357		51,333		12,845		272,534		4,013		4,973		(960)
Credit derivatives related
OTC		214,471		1,007,267		67,448		1,289,186		16,705		16,926		(220)
Bilateral (Amt)		86,663		105,904		27,916		220,483		3,456		3,754		(298)
CCP (Amt)		127,808		901,363		39,532		1,068,704		13,250		13,172		78
Exchange-traded		—		—		—				—		—		—
Total Credit derivatives related		214,471		1,007,267		67,448		1,289,186		16,705		16,926		(220)
Commodity related:
OTC		55,943		809		5,027		61,779		128		362		(234)
Bilateral (Amt)		55,943		809		5,027		61,779		128		362		(234)
CCP (Amt)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange-traded		28,252		2,417		—		30,669		151		144		8
Total Commodity related		84,195		3,226		5,027		92,449		279		505		(226)
Other:
OTC		166,974		11,055		76		178,105		6,548		6,598		(49)
Bilateral (Amt)		166,892		11,055		76		178,023		6,525		6,539		(14)
CCP (Amt)		82		—		—		82		23		58		(35)
Exchange-traded		39,452		1		—		39,452		215		198		17
Total Other		206,425		11,056		76		217,557		6,763		6,796		(32)
Total OTC business		24,566,968		16,227,322		10,150,951		50,945,242		239,485		222,869		16,616
Total bilateral business		10,939,698		3,694,147		2,113,347		16,747,192		201,332		185,407		15,924
Total CCP business		13,627,270		12,533,176		8,037,604		34,198,050		38,153		37,462		691
Total exchange-traded business		3,245,558		528,554		2,438		3,776,550		2,965		3,130		(165)
Total		27,812,526		16,755,876		10,153,389		54,721,792		242,449		225,998		16,451
Positive market values after netting and cash collateral received		—		—		—		—		25,299		—		—

 

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		Dec 31, 2024
		Notional amount maturity distribution
in € m.		Within 1 year		> 1 and ≤ 5 years		After 5 years		Total		Positive market value		Negative market value		Net market value
Interest rate related:
OTC		15,951,107		14,364,208		9,997,538		40,312,853		122,114		111,053		11,061
Bilateral (Amt)		2,396,075		2,537,847		1,557,885		6,491,807		98,528		88,114		10,414
CCP (Amt)		13,555,032		11,826,361		8,439,653		33,821,046		23,586		22,939		647
Exchange-traded		3,292,886		498,496		590		3,791,972		239		268		(29)
Total Interest rate related		19,243,992		14,862,704		9,998,128		44,104,825		122,353		111,321		11,032
Currency related:
OTC		7,718,689		1,225,352		508,959		9,453,000		147,876		144,688		3,188
Bilateral (Amt)		7,496,403		1,209,689		508,809		9,214,900		144,648		141,847		2,800
CCP (Amt)		222,287		15,664		150		238,100		3,228		2,841		388
Exchange-traded		78,320		—		—		78,320		384		477		(93)
Total Currency related		7,797,010		1,225,352		508,959		9,531,321		148,260		145,165		3,095
Equity/index related:
OTC		22,675		9,048		15,544		47,268		1,332		2,741		(1,409)
Bilateral (Amt)		22,675		9,048		15,544		47,268		1,332		2,741		(1,409)
CCP (Amt)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange-traded		174,707		28,489		2,348		205,544		1,818		1,827		(9)
Total Equity/index related		197,382		37,537		17,892		252,812		3,150		4,568		(1,418)
Credit derivatives related
OTC		278,974		896,712		73,668		1,249,354		15,609		14,322		1,288
Bilateral (Amt)		87,962		96,506		28,063		212,531		3,366		2,186		1,180
CCP (Amt)		191,012		800,206		45,605		1,036,823		12,243		12,136		107
Exchange-traded		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Credit derivatives related		278,974		896,712		73,668		1,249,354		15,609		14,322		1,288
Commodity related:
OTC		11,316		34,566		1,448		47,330		226		160		66
Bilateral (Amt)		11,316		34,566		1,448		47,330		226		160		66
CCP (Amt)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange-traded		34,816		2,645		—		37,461		168		169		(1)
Total Commodity related		46,132		37,211		1,448		84,791		394		329		65
Other:
OTC		155,359		7,012		151		162,521		2,339		2,355		(16)
Bilateral (Amt)		155,313		7,012		151		162,476		2,336		2,313		23
CCP (Amt)		45		—		—		45		3		42		(39)
Exchange-traded		18,687		—		—		18,687		31		24		7
Total Other		174,045		7,012		151		181,208		2,370		2,379		(9)
Total OTC business		24,138,119		16,536,899		10,597,308		51,272,326		289,497		275,319		14,177
Total bilateral business		10,169,744		3,894,668		2,111,900		16,176,312		250,436		237,362		13,075
Total CCP business		13,968,376		12,642,231		8,485,408		35,096,014		39,060		37,958		1,103
Total exchange-traded business		3,599,416		529,630		2,938		4,131,984		2,640		2,766		(126)
Total		27,737,535		17,066,528		10,600,247		55,404,310		292,137		278,085		14,052
Positive market values after netting and cash collateral received		—		—		—		—		27,392		—		—

166

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Equity Exposure

The table below presents the carrying values of equity investments split by trading and non-trading for the respective

reporting dates. Deutsche Bank manages its respective positions within market risk and other appropriate risk

frameworks.

Composition of Equity Exposure

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Trading Equities		1,852		2,753
Non-trading Equities¹		2,044		2,052
Total Equity Exposure		3,896		4,806

1Includes equity investment funds amounting to € 49 million as of December 31, 2025 and € 70 million as of December 31, 2024

As of December 31, 2025, the group’s trading equities exposure in Investment Bank was € 1.6 billion compared to

€ 2.4 billion on December 31, 2024

167

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Trading Market Risk Exposures

Value-at-Risk Metrics of Trading Units of Deutsche Bank Group

The tables and graph below present the Historic Simulation value-at-risk metrics calculated with a 99% confidence level

and a one-day holding period for the Group’s trading units.

Value-at-Risk of Trading Units by Risk Type¹

		Total				Diversification effect				Interest rate risk				Credit spread risk				Equity price risk				Foreign exchange risk²				Commodity price risk
in € m.		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Average		28.3		31.4		(33.5)		(41.2)		16.0		26.9		24.5		22.9		10.2		10.2		9.7		11.6		1.4		1.0
Maximum		45.5		60.6		(10.5)		(27.2)		34.0		55.1		31.9		35.5		17.0		15.6		21.3		19.0		2.8		1.8
Minimum		20.0		19.0		(50.1)		(56.2)		8.3		13.4		18.9		17.6		4.7		6.2		5.2		6.3		0.8		0.3
Period-end		24.8		24.9		(26.1)		(48.3)		10.5		31.3		26.6		19.5		6.3		10.8		5.5		10.1		2.0		1.5

1Figures for 2025 as of December 31, 2025. Figures for 2024 as of December 31, 2024

2Includes value-at-risk from gold and other precious metal positions

Development of historic simulation value-at-risk by risk types in 2025

The average one-day trading value-at-risk over 2025 was € 28 million, which decreased by € 3.1 million compared to the

average for 2024.

For regulatory reporting purposes, the incremental risk charge for the respective reporting dates represents the higher of

the spot value at the reporting dates, and their preceding 12-week average calculation.

Average, Maximum and Minimum Incremental Risk Charge of Trading Units (with a 99.9% confidence level and one-year capital

horizon)1,2

		Total				Credit Trading				Global Rates				Emerging Markets				Other
in € m.		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Average		549.28		604.89		128.76		191.83		212.62		210.10		288.11		205.90		(80.22)		(2.94)
Maximum		842.52		755.51		201.19		247.31		374.53		375.68		630.50		350.06		(25.17)		49.49
Minimum		414.86		501.46		44.87		95.30		128.59		125.39		196.64		142.91		(174.20)		(54.16)
Period-end		452.05		501.46		166.07		176.50		159.98		125.39		218.90		229.50		(92.89)		(29.93)

1Amounts show the bands within which the values fluctuated during the 12-weeks preceding December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

3All liquidity horizons are set to 12 months

The incremental risk charge as at the end of 2025 was € 452 million, which has reduced by € 49 million 10% compared to

year-end 2024. The change was driven by risk reduction under Global Rates and Emerging Markets business.

168

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Trading Market Risk Exposures

Results of Regulatory Backtesting of Trading Market Risk

In 2025, the Group observed two outliers where the Group’s loss on a buy-and-hold basis exceeded the value-at-risk of

the Trading books. The outliers in early April 2025 were driven by increased market volatility stemming from trade tariffs

announcements from the U.S. administration. There were no actual profit and loss negative outliers in the current 1 year

period.

The following graph shows the trading units daily buy-and-hold and Actual income in comparison to the value-at-risk as

of the close of the previous business day for the trading days of the reporting period. The value-at-risk is presented in

negative amounts to visually compare the estimated potential loss of the trading positions with the buy and hold income

given buy-and-hold is the relevant portion of daily profit and loss for comparison against the previous day's value at risk

which excludes new trades, reserves, and any carry profit and loss ordinarily part of actual income. Figures are shown

in millions of euro. The chart shows that the trading units achieved a positive buy and hold income for 55% of the trading

days in 2025 as well as displays the group outliers experienced in 2025.

EU MR4 – Comparison of VAR estimates with gains/losses

169

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Annual Report 2025	Trading Market Risk Exposures

Daily Income of Deutsche Bank Group Trading Units

The following histogram shows the distribution of daily income of Group trading units. Daily income is defined as total

income which consists of new trades, fees & commissions, buy & hold income, reserves, carry and other income. It

displays the number of trading days on which the Group reached each level of trading income shown on the horizontal

axis in millions of euro.

Distribution of daily income of Group’s trading units in 2025

The trading units achieved a positive income for 95% of the trading days in 2025 compared with 95% in the full year

2024.

170

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Non-trading Market Risk Exposures

Non-trading Market Risk Exposures

Economic Capital Usage for Non-trading Market Risk

The following table shows the Non-trading Market Risk economic capital usage by risk type:

Economic Capital Usage by risk type.

		Economic capital usage
in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Interest rate risk		1,308		2,770
Credit spread risk		772		184
Equity and Investment risk		1,272		1,172
Foreign exchange risk		4,461		1,665
Pension risk		331		944
Guaranteed funds risk		103		100
Total non-trading market risk portfolios		8,247		6,835

The economic capital figures take into account diversification benefits between the different risk types.

Economic capital usage for Non-trading Market Risk totaled € 8.2 billion as of December 31, 2025, which is € 1.4 billion

above the economic capital usage at year-end 2024. The increase is mainly driven by the model changes described in

section “Market Risk Management”. In particular, Economic Capital usage for FX risk increased due to the adoption of a

more conservative liquidity horizon scaling in the revised modeling approach. This was partly offset by lower Economic

Capital usage for interest rate risk, following the move from a Monte Carlo to historical simulation based methodology in

the core market risk Economic Capital model.

–Interest rate risk: economic capital usage for interest rate risk in the banking book, including gap risk, basis risk and

option risk, such as the risk of a change in client behavior embedded in modelled non-maturity deposits or

prepayment risk; in total the economic capital usage for December 31, 2025 was € 1.3 billion, compared to

€ 2.8 billion for December 31, 2024

–Credit spread risk: economic capital usage for portfolios in the banking book subject to credit spread risk; economic

capital usage was € 772 million as of December 31, 2025, versus € 184 million as of December 31, 2024

–Equity and Investment risk: economic capital usage for equity risk from a structural short position in the bank’s own

share price arising from the Group’s equity compensation plans, and from the non-consolidated investment holdings,

such as strategic investments and alternative assets the economic capital usage was € 1.3 billion as of December 31,

2025, compared to € 1.2 billion as of December 31, 2024

–Foreign exchange risk: foreign exchange risk predominantly arises from the Group’s structural position taken to

protect the sensitivity of the bank’s capital ratio against changes in the exchange rates. The economic capital usage

was € 4.5 billion as of December 31, 2025, versus € 1.7 billion as of December 31, 2024

–Pension risk: this risk arises from the Group’s defined benefit obligations, including interest rate risk and inflation risk,

credit spread risk, equity risk and longevity risk. The economic capital usage was € 0.3 billion as of December 31, 2025,

compared to € 0.9 billion as of December 31, 2024

–Guaranteed funds risk: risk arising from guaranteed fund products offered by the asset management division providing

a partial or full guarantee on the clients’ investment. The risk materializes if the value of the underlying investment

fund on guarantee date is lower than the guaranteed amount. The economic capital usage was € 103 million as of

December 31, 2025, versus € 100 million as of December 31, 2024.

171

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Non-trading Market Risk Exposures

Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book

The following table shows the impact on the Group’s economic value of equity and net interest income in the banking

book from interest rate changes under the six standard scenarios defined by the EBA:

Economic value and net interest income interest rate risk in the banking book by EBA scenario

		Delta EVE				Delta NII1
in € bn.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Parallel up		(6.7)		(5.8)		—		0.2
Parallel down		1.4		1.3		(0.6)		(0.7)
Steepener		(0.7)		(0.8)		—		(0.1)
Flattener		(0.8)		(0.7)		(0.1)		—
Short rates up		(2.5)		(2.1)		(0.1)		—
Short rates down		0.8		0.6		(0.4)		(0.6)
Maximum		(6.7)		(5.8)		(0.6)		(0.7)
in € bn.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Tier 1 Capital		60.8		60.8

1Delta Net Interest Income (NII) reflects the difference between projected NII in the respective scenario with shifted rates vs. market implied rates. Sensitivities are based

on a static balance sheet at constant exchange rates, excluding trading positions and DWS. Figures do not include Mark-to-Market (MtM)/Other Comprehensive Income

(OCI) effects on centrally managed positions not eligible for hedge accounting

The maximum economic value of equity (EVE) loss was € (6.7) billion as of December 31, 2025, compared to € (5.8) billion

as of December 31, 2024. As per December 31, 2025 the maximum EVE loss represents 11.0% of Tier 1 Capital.

The maximum economic value of equity (EVE) loss due to a +200 basis points parallel shift of the yield curve across all

currencies as defined by the BaFin was € (6.6) billion as of December 31, 2025, representing 9.8% of Total Capital.

The increase in the maximum economic value of equity (EVE) loss for the “Parallel up” interest rate scenario was a result

of change in the risk management positions held within Group Treasury’s portfolio managing earnings risks arising from

Deutsche Bank’s equity as well as Private Bank and Corporate Bank portfolios. Applied hedge strategies are aligned with

Deutsche Bank’s objective to stabilize net interest income (NII) and with the IRRBB governance framework.

The maximum one-year loss in net interest income for the “Parallel down” interest rate scenario was € (0.6) billion as of

December 31, 2025, compared to € (0.7) billion as of December 31, 2024.

The maximum net interest income loss in the “Parallel down” scenario was almost unchanged compared to 2024, in line

with the strategy to stabilize net interest income (NII).

The following table shows the variation of the economic value for Deutsche Bank’s banking book positions resulting from

downward and upward interest rate shocks by currency:

Economic value interest rate risk in the banking book by currency

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € bn.		Parallel up		Parallel down		Parallel up		Parallel down
EUR		(5.8)		1.2		(5.1)		1.2
USD		(0.8)		0.4		(0.7)		0.4
Other		(0.1)		(0.2)		—		(0.3)
Total		(6.7)		1.4		(5.8)		1.3

 

172

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Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

Liquidity Risk Exposure

Funding Markets and Capital Markets Issuance

Multiple macro topics emerged during 2025 and weighed on markets, including U.S. tariff announcement in April,

political instability in France, continued inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. Despite

creating a dent, those events were not material enough to outweigh risk-on mood. Against this backdrop, the Bank

navigated well through the markets and successfully concluded its issuance activity at € 18.7 billion, including € 3 billion

pre-funding for 2026 requirements in line with the bank´s 2025 target range of 15 – 20 billion euros.

In contrast to market fears, credit markets showed a constructive performance despite the multiple disruptions with

broader indices trading tighter vs. year end 2024. Deutsche Bank continued its strong idiosyncratic performance in 2025.

On average, in 2025, the bank’s senior debt traded 8 bps,wider, and its capital securities traded 14 bps wider, than peers

(Societe Generale, Barclays, BNP, UBS), versus 10 bps wider and 17 bps narrower, respectively, in 2024.

The total issuance volume of € 18.7 billion is split as follows: € 2.5 billion in capital issuances, € 11.0 billion of senior non-

preferred funding, The total issuance volume of € 18.7 billion is split as follows: € 2.5 billion in capital issuances, € 11.0

billion of senior non-preferred funding, € 4.8 billion in senior preferred and € 0.4 billion in covered bonds. From a

currency perspective, the total issuance volume is divided as follows: euros (€ 9.8 billion), U.S. dollars (€ 7.1 billion),

Japanese Yen (€ 0.5 billion), Pound Sterling (€ 0.6 billion) and other currencies aggregated (€ 0.7 billion). The Group’s

investor base for 2025 issuances was as follows: asset managers and pension funds (63.3%), banks (10.6%), retail

customers (3.2%), insurance companies (5.2%), other institutional investors (11.3%), Governments and agencies (4.4%) and

Other (1.7%). The geographical distribution was split between Germany (15.0%), rest of Europe (44.0%), U.S. (29.0%), Asia/

Pacific (8.0%) and Other (4.0%). The average spread of issuance over 3-months-Euribor/RFR (Risk Free Rate) was 95bp for

the full year. The average tenor was 4.8 years. The Group issued the following volumes over each quarter: first quarter: €

6.0 billion, second quarter: € 4.7 billion , third quarter: € 4.4 billion and fourth quarter: € 3.6 billion.

Deutsche Bank’s issuance plan for 2026 is € 10-15 billion. Focus will be on senior non-preferred bonds. Senior preferred

issuances will be primarily in non-benchmark format. The Group also plans to raise a portion of this funding in U.S. dollar

and may enter into cross currency swaps to manage any residual requirements. The Bank has total capital markets

maturities, excluding legally exercisable calls, of approximately € 14.0 billion. Furthermore, the Bank issued structured

notes with a volume of around € 7.7 billion euros net in 2025 and plans to issue ~€ 7.3 billion in 2026. This activity is

conducted by the FIC division and not part of the Treasury issuance plan.

Funding Diversification

In 2025, total external funding increased by € 56.3 billion from € 1,024.8 billion at December 31, 2024, to

€ 1,081.1 billion at December 31, 2025. Funding has increased by € 16.8 billion in the Corporate Bank and by € 8.9 billion

in the Private Bank. Within both segments, growth was most pronounced in sight deposits. The unsecured Wholesale

Funding portfolio increased by € 4.6 billion, supported by newly issued Commercial Paper. Secured funding and shorts

have increased by € 16.1 billion, driven by growth in repurchase operations. The Capital Markets and Equity position

slightly increased by € 0.3 billion. While Equity increased by € 0.3 billion, Capital Markets increased by € 0.1 billion.

Underlying growth in structured notes issued by FIC was offset by a reduction in Treasury issued debt. Additional growth

in the Other Customers bucket of € 9.4 billion was mainly driven by an increase in long-term debt due to growth from

ETF structures.

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Composition of External Funding Sources

*  Other Customers includes fiduciary deposits, X-markets notes and margin/Prime Brokerage cash balances (shown on a net basis)

Reference: Reconciliation to total balance sheet of € 1,435.1 billion (€1,391.0 billion): Derivatives & settlement balances € 277.7 billion (€ 288.8 billion), add-back for

netting effect for margin/Prime Brokerage cash balances (shown on a net basis) € 46.6 billion (€ 42.2 billion), other non-funding liabilities € 34.5 billion (€ 35.3 billion for

December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively

Maturity of unsecured wholesale funding, ABCP and capital markets issuance1

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Not more than 1 month		Over 1 month but not more than 3 months		Over 3 months but not more than 6 months		Over 6 months but not more than 1 year		Sub-total less than 1 year		Over 1 year but not more than 2 years		Over 2 years		Total
Deposits from banks		1,027		476		77		450		2,029		102		—		2,132
Deposits from other wholesale customers		12,662		2,954		2,406		4,695		22,717		1,041		73		23,831
CDs and CP		4,929		2,524		2,491		5,290		15,234		1,793		1,408		18,436
ABCP		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Senior non-preferred plain vanilla		1,239		1,967		1,335		7,730		12,270		11,734		31,268		55,272
Senior preferred plain vanilla		1,758		1,113		866		611		4,348		2,287		8,353		14,988
Senior structured		151		675		899		1,143		2,867		2,592		25,663		31,122
Covered bonds/ABS		505		126		1,334		1,317		3,282		1,927		8,389		13,598
Subordinated liabilities		—		1,262		1,989		1,279		4,530		4,897		10,886		20,313
Other		53		—		—		—		53		—		—		53
Total		22,323		11,096		11,397		22,515		67,331		26,372		86,040		179,743
Of which:
Secured		21,818		10,971		10,063		21,197		64,049		24,445		77,651		166,145
Unsecured		21,812		10,964		10,057		21,170		64,002		23,224		77,530		164,756

1Includes additional Tier 1 notes reported as additional equity components in the financial statements. Liabilities with call features are shown at earliest legally exercisable

call date. No assumption is made as to whether such calls would be exercised

Capital market issuances volume reported post own debt elimination

The total volume of unsecured wholesale liabilities, asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) and capital markets issuance

maturing within one year amount to € 67 billion as of December 31, 2025, and should be viewed in the context of total

High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) of € 260 billion.

174

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Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Not more than 1 month		Over 1 month but not more than 3 months		Over 3 months but not more than 6 months		Over 6 months but not more than 1 year		Sub-total less than 1 year		Over 1 year but not more than 2 years		Over 2 years		Total
Deposits from banks		829		697		1,294		1,277		4,098		56		—		4,153
Deposits from other wholesale customers		3,106		7,919		4,698		5,396		21,119		2,231		1,013		24,363
CDs and CP		1,107		3,623		2,647		3,688		11,064		10		117		11,190
ABCP		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Senior non-preferred plain vanilla		239		1,467		1,788		5,190		8,685		12,054		33,279		54,018
Senior preferred plain vanilla		171		360		1,681		1,712		3,923		4,442		7,930		16,294
Senior structured		239		793		1,029		1,381		3,442		2,187		20,094		25,723
Covered bonds/ABS		765		343		225		757		2,091		3,301		10,163		15,554
Subordinated liabilities		—		1,264		3,945		1,190		6,399		4,239		12,991		23,630
Other		49		—		—		—		49		—		7		57
Total		6,505		16,468		17,307		20,591		60,870		28,519		85,593		174,982
Of which:
Secured		765		343		225		757		2,091		3,301		10,163		15,554
Unsecured		5,740		16,124		17,081		19,834		58,779		25,218		75,430		159,428

The following table shows the currency breakdown of short-term unsecured wholesale funding, of ABCP funding and of

capital markets issuance.

Unsecured wholesale funding, ABCP and capital markets issuance (currency breakdown)

		Dec 31, 2025										Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		in EUR		in USD		in GBP		in other CCYs		Total		in EUR		in USD		in GBP		in other CCYs		Total
Deposits from banks		320		1,341		48		—		1,709		629		2,583		40		902		4,153
Deposits from other whole- sale customers		8,291		12,923		147		—		21,361		7,722		13,836		264		2,542		24,363
CDs and CP		8,031		10,145		—		—		18,176		3,695		7,230		—		266		11,190
ABCP		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Senior non-preferred plain vanilla		26,352		23,502		1,904		3,513		55,272		23,485		24,503		2,167		3,862		54,018
Senior preferred plain vanilla		7,712		5,071		17		2,188		14,988		8,919		5,390		15		1,970		16,294
Senior structured		13,574		14,784		44		2,720		31,122		10,704		12,250		50		2,719		25,723
Covered bonds/ ABS		12,953		645		—		—		13,598		14,822		732		—		—		15,554
Subordinated liabilities		13,958		5,439		917		—		20,313		12,553		9,938		952		187		23,630
Other		6		—		—		—		6		8		—		—		49		57
Total		91,197		73,850		3,077		8,422		176,545		82,536		76,461		3,489		12,495		174,982
Of which:
Secured		78,244		73,205		3,077		8,422		162,947		14,822		732		—		—		15,554
Unsecured		76,806		73,124		3,073		11,753		164,756		67,714		75,729		3,489		12,495		159,428

 

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High quality liquid assets

Composition of Group’s HQLA by parent company (including branches) and subsidiaries

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € bn.		Market Value		Value according to Article 9 CRR		Market Value		Value according to Article 9 CRR
Available-Cash and Central Bank Reserves		144		144		124		124
Parent (incl. foreign branches)		116		116		97		97
Subsidiaries		28		28		26		26
High Quality liquid securities (includes government, government guaranteed and agency securities		120		116		106		102
Parent (incl. foreign branches)		117		113		98		94
Subsidiaries		3		3		8		8
Total HQLA		264		260		230		226
Parent (incl. foreign branches)		233		229		195		191
Subsidiaries		31		31		34		34

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Group’s HQLA increased to € 260 billion compared to December 31, 2024 at € 226 billion.

This is primarily due to increased deposits and issuance of long-term debt largely offset by TLTRO repayment and

increased business held assets.

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

The Liquidity Coverage Ratio was 144% at the end of 2025, a surplus to regulatory requirements of € 80 billion as

compared to 131% as at the end of 2024, a surplus to regulatory requirements of € 53 billion. The increase in surplus was

predominantly driven by increased Private Bank and Corporate Bank deposits through H2 2025.

The Group’s twelve month weighted average LCR was 137%. This has been calculated in accordance with the

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/61 and the EBA Guidelines on LCR disclosure to complement the

disclosure of liquidity risk management under Article 435 CRR.

LCR components

		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
in € bn. (unless stated otherwise)		Total adjusted weighted value (average)		Total adjusted weighted value (average)
Number of data points used in the calculation of averages		12		12
High Quality Liquid Assets		238		224
Total net cash outflows		174		167
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) in %		137%		134%

 

Funding Risk Management

Structural Funding

All funding matrices (the aggregate currency, the USD and the GBP funding matrix) were in line with the targets as at

year ends 2025 and 2024.

176

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

Stress Testing and Scenario Analysis

At the end of 2025, the Group’s stressed Net Liquidity Position stood at € 94 billion compared to € 56 billion as at the

end of 2024 with the change in scenario of minimum surplus liquidity reflecting the introduction of a 12-month risk

appetite horizon under the Systemic Market Risk scenario.

Global All Currency Daily Stress Testing Results

		Dec 31, 2025						Dec 31, 2024
in € bn.		Funding Gap1		Gap Closure2		Net Liquidity Position		Funding Gap1		Gap Closure2		Net Liquidity Position
Systemic market risk		187		306		119		208		265		56
1 notch downgrade (DB specific)		39		215		176		34		174		140
Severe downgrade (DB specific)		107		235		128		142		241		99
Combined³		231		325		94		216		275		59

1Funding gap caused by impaired rollover of liabilities and other projected outflows

2Based on liquidity generation through Liquidity Reserves and other business mitigants

3Combined impact of systemic market risk and severe downgrade

Global Euro Daily Stress Testing Results

Dec 31, 2025

Dec 31, 2024

in € bn.

Funding Gap1

Gap Closure2

Net Liquidity Position

Funding Gap1

Gap Closure2

Net Liquidity Position

Combined³

81

143

62

91

104

13

1Funding gap caused by impaired rollover of liabilities and other projected outflows

2Based on liquidity generation through Liquidity Reserves and other business mitigants

3Combined impact of systemic market risk and severe downgrade

Global U.S. dollar Daily Stress Testing Results

Dec 31, 2025

Dec 31, 2024

in € bn.

Funding Gap1

Gap Closure

Net Liquidity Position

Funding Gap1

Gap Closure2

Net Liquidity Position

Combined³

80

94

14

80

102

22

1Funding gap caused by impaired rollover of liabilities and other projected outflows

2Based on liquidity generation through Liquidity Reserves and other business mitigants

3Combined impact of systemic market risk and severe downgrade

Global British pound Daily Stress Testing Results

Dec 31, 2025

Dec 31, 2024

in € bn.

Funding Gap1

Gap Closure2

Net Liquidity Position

Funding Gap1

Gap Closure2

Net Liquidity Position

Combined³

4

8

3

5

10

5

1Funding gap caused by impaired rollover of liabilities and other projected outflows

2Based on liquidity generation through Liquidity Reserves and other business mitigants

3Combined impact of systemic market risk and severe downgrade

The following table presents the amount needed to meet collateral requirements from contractual obligations in the

event of a one- or two-notch downgrade by rating agencies for all currencies.

Contractual Obligations

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		One-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade		One-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade
Contractual derivatives funding or margin requirements		161		212		182		309
Other contractual funding or margin requirements		—		—		—		—

 

177

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

Net stable funding ratio

The Net Stable Funding Ratio was 119% as at year end 2025, a surplus to regulatory requirements of € 104 billion as

compared to 121% as at the end of 2024, a surplus to regulatory requirements of € 110 billion.

Net stable funding ratio

		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
in € bn. (unless stated otherwise)		Total adjusted weighted value		Total adjusted weighted value (average)
Available stable funding (ASF)		649		625
Required stable funding (RSF)		545		515
Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) in %		119%		121%

Asset Encumbrance

This section refers to asset encumbrance in the Group of institutions consolidated for banking regulatory purposes

pursuant to the German Banking Act. Therefore, this excludes insurance companies or companies outside the finance

sector. Assets pledged by insurance subsidiaries are included in Note 20 “Assets Pledged and Received as Collateral” of

the consolidated financial statements, and restricted assets held to satisfy obligations to insurance companies’ policy

holders are included within Note 37 “Information on Subsidiaries” of the consolidated financial statements.

Encumbered assets primarily comprise those on- and off-balance sheet assets that are pledged as collateral against

secured funding, collateral swaps, and other collateralized obligations. Additionally, in line with EBA technical standards

on regulatory asset encumbrance reporting, assets placed with settlement systems, including default funds and initial

margins, as well as other assets pledged which cannot be freely withdrawn such as mandatory minimum reserves at

central banks, are considered encumbered. The balances presented also include derivative margin receivable assets as

encumbered under relevant EBA guidelines.

Readily available assets are those on- and off-balance sheet assets that are not otherwise encumbered, and which are in

freely transferrable form. Unencumbered financial assets at fair value, other than securities borrowed or purchased under

resale agreements and positive market value from derivatives, and available for sale investments are all assumed to be

readily available.

The readily available value represents the on- and off-balance sheet carrying amount or fair value rather than any form of

stressed liquidity value (see the “High Quality Liquid Assets” for an analysis of unencumbered liquid assets available

under a liquidity stress scenario). Other unencumbered on- and off-balance sheet assets are those assets that have not

been pledged as collateral against secured funding or other collateralized obligations or are otherwise not considered to

be readily available. Included in this category are securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and positive

market value from derivatives. Similarly, for loans and other advances to customers, these would only be viewed as

readily available to the extent they are already in a pre-packaged transferrable format and have not already been used to

generate funding. This represents the most conservative view given that an element of such loans currently shown in

other assets could be packaged into a format that would be suitable for use to generate funding.

178

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

Encumbered and unencumbered assets

		Dec 31, 2025
		Carrying value
						Unencumbered assets
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Encumbered assets		Readily available		Other
Debt securities		209		106		103		—
Equity instruments		4		—		4		—
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks & Interest earning deposits with Banks		172		13		158		—
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements¹		38		—		—		38
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss²
Trading assets		13		—		13		—
Positive market value from derivative financial instruments		241		—		—		241
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements¹		113		—		—		113
Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		4		—		4		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income²		6		—		4		1
Loans		550		43		76		430
Other assets		85		43		—		41
Total		1,433		206		363		864

1Securities borrowed and securities purchased under resale agreements are all shown as other unencumbered. The use of the underlying collateral is separately captured

in the off-balance sheet table below

2Excludes Debt securities and Equity instruments (separately disclosed above)

		Dec 31, 2025
		Fair value of collateral received
						Unencumbered assets
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Encumbered assets		Readily available		Other
Collateral received:		557,837		431,792		125,943		101
Debt securities		556,142		430,204		125,938		—
Equity instruments		690		685		5		—
Other collateral received		1,005		903		—		101

 

		Dec 31, 2024
		Carrying value
						Unencumbered assets
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Encumbered assets		Readily available		Other
Debt securities		179		80		99		—
Equity instruments		4		—		4		—
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks & Interest earning deposits with Banks		154		14		139		—
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements¹		41		—		—		41
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss²
Trading assets		12		—		12		—
Positive market value from derivative financial instruments		292		—		—		292
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements¹		105		—		—		105
Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		3		—		3		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income²		8		—		5		3
Loans		517		48		41		427
Other assets		75		40		—		35
Total		1,389		183		303		903

1Securities borrowed and securities purchased under resale agreements are all shown as other unencumbered. The use of the underlying collateral is separately captured

in the off-balance sheet table below

2Excludes Debt securities and Equity instruments (separately disclosed above)

		Dec 31, 2024
		Fair value of collateral received
						Unencumbered assets
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Encumbered assets		Readily available		Other
Collateral received:		479		366		110		3
Debt securities		473		363		110		—
Equity instruments		1		1		—		—
Other collateral received		6		2		—		3

179

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

Maturity Analysis of Assets and Financial Liabilities

Treasury manages the maturity analysis of assets and liabilities. Modeling of assets and liabilities is necessary in cases

where the contractual maturity does not adequately reflect the liquidity risk position. The most significant example in

this context would be immediately repayable deposits from retail and transaction banking customers which have

consistently displayed high stability throughout even the most severe financial crises.

The modeling profiles are part of the overall liquidity risk management framework (see section “Liquidity Stress Testing

and Scenario Analysis” for short-term liquidity positions ≤ 1 year and section “Structural Funding” for long-term liquidity

positions > 1 year) which is defined and approved by the Management Board.

The following tables present a maturity analysis of total assets based on carrying value and upon earliest legally

exercisable maturity as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 , respectively.

Analysis of the earliest contractual maturity of assets

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		On demand (incl. Overnight and one day notice)		Up to one month		Over 1 month to no more than 3 months		Over 3 months but no more than 6 months		Over 6 months but no more than 9 months		Over 9 months but no more than 1 year		Over 1 year but no more than 2 years		Over 2 years but no more than 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Cash and central bank balances¹		151,073		10,354		2,828		371		19		14		—		—		—		164,659
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)¹		5,310		1,442		80		39		2		83		—		—		6		6,962
Central bank funds sold		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Securities purchased under resale agreements		570		4,568		8,073		8,530		4,407		1,751		4,848		4,761		—		37,509
With banks		304		1,904		2,378		1,080		1,958		1,048		2,019		2,166		—		12,857
With customers		266		2,664		5,696		7,450		2,448		703		2,829		2,595		—		24,652
Securities borrowed		—		6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6
With banks		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
With customers		—		6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		411,247		83,355		8,297		5,011		914		3,199		1,628		2,047		4,261		519,960
Trading assets		151,725		—		—		—		—		1,928		38		—		120		153,811
Fixed-income securities and loans		139,484		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		139,484
Equities and other variable-income securities		1,852		—		—		—		—		1,928		38		—		120		3,939
Other trading assets		10,388		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		10,388
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		241,328		—		61		30		32		8		13		114		68		241,654
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		18,194		83,355		8,236		4,981		882		1,263		1,577		1,933		4,073		124,495
Securities purchased under resale agreements		5,954		78,582		6,251		3,703		223		114		710		184		81		95,802
Securities borrowed		12,154		2,759		1,117		472		—		—		11		—		—		16,513
Fixed-income securities and loans		21		616		829		806		638		540		821		1,741		2,955		8,967
Other non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		65		1,397		40		—		21		609		35		9		1,037		3,213
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting		—		183		318		179		34		19		21		23		18		795

180

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		On demand (incl. Overnight and one day notice)		Up to one month		Over 1 month to no more than 3 months		Over 3 months but no more than 6 months		Over 6 months but no more than 9 months		Over 9 months but no more than 1 year		Over 1 year but no more than 2 years		Over 2 years but no more than 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		1		3,611		1,635		3,512		1,607		911		3,283		7,058		22,027		43,644
Securities purchased under resale agreements		—		1,128		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,128
Securities borrowed		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Debt securities		—		2,092		970		2,693		1,498		726		2,617		5,486		22,003		38,084
Loans		1		391		665		820		109		186		665		1,572		24		4,432
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loans		14,467		30,626		24,158		21,805		15,058		14,049		46,488		109,611		201,952		478,214
To banks		350		1,007		318		699		604		98		198		213		2,475		5,962
To customers		14,116		29,619		23,840		21,107		14,454		13,951		46,290		109,398		199,477		472,252
Retail		2,779		6,689		2,460		1,905		1,315		1,645		7,908		22,176		161,653		208,531
Corporates and other customers		11,338		22,930		21,380		19,201		13,140		12,306		38,382		87,222		37,823		263,722
Other financial assets		104,137		8,997		2,543		2,520		1,061		2,010		2,778		6,169		28,086		158,301
Total financial assets		686,804		143,141		47,933		41,968		23,102		22,037		59,045		129,669		256,350		1,410,049
Other assets		7,149		302		10		4,567		3		4,454		94		1,098		12,145		29,823
Total assets		693,953		143,443		47,944		46,535		23,105		26,491		59,139		130,767		268,495		1,439,873

1The positions “Cash and central bank balances” and “Interbank balances (w/o central banks)” include € 547 million cash held with Russian Banks, predominantly with the

Central Bank of Russia.

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		On demand (incl. Overnight and one day notice)		Up to one month		Over 1 month to no more than 3 months		Over 3 months but no more than 6 months		Over 6 months but no more than 9 months		Over 9 months but no more than 1 year		Over 1 year but no more than 2 years		Over 2 years but no more than 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Cash and central bank balances¹		133,755		10,423		3,118		131		20		46		—		—		—		147,494
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)¹		4,590		1,238		156		85		49		37		—		—		6		6,160
Central bank funds sold		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Securities purchased under resale agreements		640		3,564		8,696		14,690		3,143		1,329		5,591		3,151		—		40,803
With banks		597		468		3,838		6,228		1,995		—		4,322		2,710		—		20,158
With customers		43		3,096		4,859		8,462		1,147		1,329		1,269		440		—		20,645
Securities borrowed		—		32		—		—		—		—		11		—		—		44
With banks		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
With customers		—		32		—		—		—		—		11		—		—		44
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		448,881		71,938		9,475		3,531		1,783		3,041		2,123		1,622		3,501		545,895
Trading assets		137,706		—		—		—		—		2,026		—		—		40		139,772
Fixed-income securities and loans		131,418		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		131,418
Equities and other variable- income securities		2,753		—		—		—		—		2,026		—		—		40		4,819
Other trading assets		3,535		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		3,535
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		291,753		—		—		—		—		—		2		19		25		291,800
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		19,422		71,938		9,475		3,531		1,783		1,015		2,121		1,603		3,436		114,324
Securities purchased under resale agreements		8,109		68,159		6,241		3,022		1,564		248		995		398		—		88,736
Securities borrowed		11,200		2,070		2,620		—		—		—		22		—		—		15,913

181

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		On demand (incl. Overnight and one day notice)		Up to one month		Over 1 month to no more than 3 months		Over 3 months but no more than 6 months		Over 6 months but no more than 9 months		Over 9 months but no more than 1 year		Over 1 year but no more than 2 years		Over 2 years but no more than 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Fixed-income securities and loans		30		445		601		480		214		107		999		1,003		2,549		6,429
Other non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		82		1,264		12		29		5		660		104		202		887		3,246
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting		—		27		83		29		22		12		89		45		30		337
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		—		3,735		2,896		1,703		1,601		605		4,266		7,189		20,096		42,090
Securities purchased under resale agreements		—		1,355		1,275		—		—		—		153		—		3		2,786
Securities borrowed		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Debt securities		—		2,004		1,039		1,345		904		541		3,440		5,098		19,865		34,236
Loans		—		376		582		358		696		65		673		2,091		227		5,068
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Loans		14,095		39,776		23,242		23,857		16,390		13,804		41,424		109,587		201,722		483,897
To banks		226		2,085		1,135		987		346		725		126		840		1,907		8,376
To customers		13,869		37,691		22,107		22,870		16,045		13,079		41,297		108,748		199,815		475,521
Retail		2,381		8,813		2,317		1,965		1,185		1,159		5,716		23,646		154,729		201,912
Corporates and other customers		11,488		28,878		19,791		20,905		14,859		11,920		35,582		85,101		45,086		273,610
Other financial assets		59,518		8,436		1,191		1,508		512		1,701		1,928		4,848		13,121		92,762
Total financial assets		661,478		139,169		48,857		45,534		23,519		20,576		55,432		126,442		238,476		1,359,482
Other assets		7,946		247		5		4,574		13		4,923		267		1,248		12,328		31,552
Total assets		669,424		139,416		48,862		50,107		23,532		25,499		55,699		127,690		250,804		1,391,033

1The positions “Cash and central bank balances” and “Interbank balances (w/o central banks)” include € 379 million cash held with Russian Banks, predominantly with the

Central Bank of Russia

The following tables present a maturity analysis of total liabilities based on carrying value and upon earliest legally

exercisable maturity as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

182

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

Analysis of the earliest contractual maturity of liabilities

 

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		On demand (incl. Over- night and one day notice)		Up to one month		Over 1 month to no more than 3 months		Over 3 months but no more than 6 months		Over 6 months but no more than 9 months		Over 9 months but no more than 1 year		Over 1 year but no more than 2 years		Over 2 years but no more than 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Deposits		405,857		61,783		85,774		69,081		27,432		19,050		8,961		5,209		11,434		694,580
Due to banks		54,121		3,827		4,481		9,409		5,484		192		1,659		3,058		9,877		92,108
Due to customers		351,736		57,955		81,293		59,672		21,948		18,858		7,302		2,151		1,557		602,473
Retail		146,576		15,856		39,945		36,795		10,203		7,119		1,735		404		15		258,649
Corporates and other customers		205,159		42,099		41,347		22,877		11,745		11,739		5,567		1,747		1,542		343,824
Trading liabilities		268,706		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		268,706
Trading securities		41,142		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		41,142
Other trading liabilities		1,738		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,738
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		225,827		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		225,827
Financial liabilities designed at fair value through profit or loss		15,572		44,198		19,079		8,775		590		659		3,876		11,008		11,298		115,055
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		14,625		43,923		18,413		7,083		56		2		2,051		26		—		86,177
Long-term debt		945		28		157		1,207		405		568		1,769		10,979		11,240		27,299
Other financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		2		248		510		485		129		89		56		3		58		1,579
Investment contract liabilities		—		—		—		—		—		469		—		—		—		469
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting		—		27		45		16		6		3		3		30		43		172
Central bank funds purchased		1,967		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,967
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		389		363		241		542		—		5		247		314		109		2,210
Due to banks		262		239		204		502		—		5		146		191		59		1,608
Due to customers		127		124		37		39		—		—		101		124		51		603
Securities loaned		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		2
Due to banks		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Due to customers		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		2
Other short term borrowings		6,296		2,769		1,086		6,204		1,382		467		—		—		—		18,204
Long-term debt		—		3,366		4,202		5,767		4,158		4,682		19,839		41,639		31,101		114,754
Debt securities - senior		—		3,252		2,312		4,641		2,823		3,531		15,086		35,976		12,580		80,201
Debt securities - subordi- nated		—		—		1,260		766		—		(2)		2,363		424		3,401		8,212
Other long-term debt - senior		—		115		630		345		1,335		1,125		2,369		5,218		15,120		26,256
Other long-term debt - subordinated		—		—		—		15		—		27		20		23		—		85
Trust Preferred Securities		—		—		—		283		—		—		—		—		—		283
Other financial liabilities		116,766		946		2,701		513		147		195		779		1,398		2,228		125,672
Total financial liabilities		815,555		113,451		113,128		91,181		33,715		25,529		33,705		59,598		56,213		1,342,074
Other liabilities		15,514		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		15,514
Total equity		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		82,285		82,285
Total liabilities and equity		831,069		113,451		113,128		91,181		33,715		25,529		33,705		59,598		138,498		1,439,873
Off-balance sheet commitments given		41,421		10,785		14,491		27,523		20,110		31,751		43,971		124,498		38,847		353,397
Banks		1,210		1,299		1,372		2,573		2,540		2,919		2,991		5,492		5,199		25,595
Retail		14,577		2,748		1,226		262		186		5,404		361		150		2,991		27,904
Corporates and other customers		25,634		6,738		11,893		24,687		17,384		23,428		40,619		118,856		30,658		299,897

183

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Liquidity Risk Exposure

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		On demand (incl. Over- night and one day notice)		Up to one month		Over 1 month to no more than 3 months		Over 3 months but no more than 6 months		Over 6 months but no more than 9 months		Over 9 months but no more than 1 year		Over 1 year but no more than 2 years		Over 2 years but no more than 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Deposits		375,255		64,076		93,692		69,346		21,845		18,207		9,612		5,538		10,130		667,701
Due to banks		53,385		1,721		10,520		11,102		6,515		1,033		1,927		2,984		8,731		97,920
Due to customers		321,870		62,355		83,171		58,244		15,330		17,174		7,685		2,553		1,399		569,781
Retail		135,531		16,455		44,218		34,930		8,890		6,577		1,389		491		22		248,504
Corporates and other customers		186,339		45,899		38,953		23,314		6,440		10,596		6,296		2,062		1,377		321,277
Trading liabilities		319,908		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		319,908
Trading securities		41,864		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		41,864
Other trading liabilities		1,635		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,635
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		276,410		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		276,410
Financial liabilities designed at fair value through profit or loss		32,343		24,338		11,059		4,417		539		304		3,310		10,009		5,713		92,032
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		30,294		23,772		10,739		3,254		302		—		760		—		—		69,121
Long-term debt		2,023		335		228		1,043		136		235		2,543		9,947		5,713		22,203
Other financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		26		232		91		120		101		69		6		62		—		708
Investment contract liabilities		—		—		—		—		—		454		—		—		—		454
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting		—		357		621		342		197		75		14		14		57		1,676
Central bank funds purchased		1,227		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,227
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		268		23		1,017		175		—		—		715		289		25		2,513
Due to banks		88		2		917		152		—		—		605		158		9		1,929
Due to customers		180		21		101		23		—		—		111		131		16		583
Securities loaned		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		2
Due to banks		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Due to customers		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		2
Other short term borrowings		1,345		3,380		2,372		1,845		227		726		—		—		—		9,895
Long-term debt		—		1,474		4,280		5,971		5,079		3,825		18,543		42,140		33,587		114,899
Debt securities - senior		—		1,315		2,873		4,081		4,764		3,158		14,957		36,395		15,067		82,611
Debt securities - subordi- nated		—		—		1,248		1,635		—		—		2,000		2,436		4,307		11,626
Other long-term debt - senior		—		159		158		254		315		667		1,545		3,289		14,190		20,578
Other long-term debt - subordinated		—		—		—		—		—		—		42		20		22		85
Trust Preferred Securities		—		—		—		287		—		—		—		—		—		287
Other financial liabilities		72,776		526		665		881		137		256		1,988		1,360		2,508		81,098
Total financial liabilities		803,124		94,174		113,705		83,264		28,024		23,847		34,182		59,350		52,020		1,291,691
Other liabilities		17,477		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		17,477
Total equity		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		81,865		81,865
Total liabilities and equity		820,601		94,174		113,705		83,264		28,024		23,847		34,182		59,350		133,885		1,391,033
Off-balance sheet commitments given		42,360		11,136		16,635		22,017		18,465		29,279		45,443		122,123		35,709		343,167
Banks		1,038		1,584		2,164		2,827		2,766		2,080		3,213		4,697		6,169		26,540
Retail		13,776		455		642		134		79		1,502		279		891		2,977		20,734
Corporates and other customers		27,546		9,097		13,829		19,057		15,620		25,697		41,950		116,535		26,563		295,893

184

Deutsche Bank	Risk and capital performance
Annual Report 2025	Operational Risk exposure

Operational Risk exposure

EC for operational risk was € 5.0 billion at the end of 2025, an increase of € 0.3 billion compared to 2024, mainly driven

by model updates of the forward looking qualitative adjustment component as well as model refinements of the loss

distribution approach .

185

Deutsche Bank	Sustainability Statement
Annual Report 2025

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186

Deutsche Bank	Employees
Annual Report 2025	Group Headcount

Employees

Group Headcount

As of December 31, 2025, the bank employed a total of 89,879 employees compared to 89,753 as of December 31,

2024. The bank calculates its employee figures on a full-time equivalent basis, meaning it includes proportionate

numbers of part-time employees.

The following table shows the bank’s numbers of full-time equivalent employees as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and

2023.

Employees1		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2023
Germany		33,386		35,160		36,195
Europe (outside Germany)		17,847		17,672		18,103
Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa		30,669		28,930		27,601
North America2		7,713		7,744		8,033
Latin America		264		247		199
Total employees		89,879		89,753		90,130

1Full-time equivalent employees, prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year, numbers may not add up due to rounding

2Primarily the United States

In 2025, the number of the bank’s employees increased by 126 or 0.1% mainly due to increases in Asia/Pacific, Middle

East and Africa, partly offset primarily by reductions in Germany.

–Germany ((1,773); (5.0)%) mainly driven by restructuring measures primarily in the Private Bank

–North America ((31); (0.4)%) mainly driven by decreases in Private Bank, Asset Management and almost all

infrastructure functions, partly offset by Technology, Data & Innovation

–Europe ex Germany (175; 1.0%) mainly driven by increases in Operations Center in Romania, partly offset by decreases

in Italy, the Netherlands and UK.

–Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa (1,739; 6.0%) primarily driven by increases in India and its Operations Center

The following table shows the distribution of full-time equivalent employees by division as of December 31, 2025, 2024

and 2023.

Employees1		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2023
Corporate Bank (CB)		18.5%		18.0%		17.4%
Investment Bank (IB)		9.1%		9.0%		8.9%
Private Bank (PB)		26.0%		27.7%		29.1%
Asset Management (AM)		5.4%		5.1%		4.9%
Infrastructure		41.1%		40.2%		39.7%

1Full-time equivalent employees, prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year, numbers may not add up due to rounding

–Corporate Bank (471; 2.9%) driven by increases in all segments

–Investment Bank (132; 1.6%) mainly driven by increases in Fixed Income & Currencies

–Private Bank ((1,558); (6.3)%) mainly driven by reductions in Germany

–Asset Management (260; 5.7%) primarily driven by strengthening Chief Technology Office

–Infrastructure functions (821; 2.3%) primarily driven by increases in Technology, Data & Innovation due to the bank’s

internalization strategy

187

Deutsche Bank	Employees
Annual Report 2025	Post-Employment Benefit Plans

Post-Employment Benefit Plans

The Group sponsors a number of post-employment benefit plans on behalf of the Group’s employees, both defined

contribution plans and defined benefit plans.

In the Group’s globally coordinated accounting process covering defined benefit plans with a defined benefit obligation

exceeding € 5 million, the Group’s global actuary reviews the valuations provided by locally appointed actuaries in each

country.

By applying the Group’s global principles for determining the financial and demographic assumptions, the Group ensures

that the assumptions are best-estimate, unbiased and mutually compatible, and that they are globally consistent.

For a further discussion on the Group’s employee benefit plans, see Note 33 “Employee Benefits” to the Group’s

consolidated financial statements.

188

Deutsche Bank	Employees
Annual Report 2025	Post-Employment Benefit Plans

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189

Deutsche Bank	Employees
Annual Report 2025	Post-Employment Benefit Plans

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190

Deutsche Bank	Employees
Annual Report 2025

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191

Deutsche Bank	Employees
Annual Report 2025

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192

Deutsche Bank	Internal control over financial reporting
Annual Report 2025

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193

Deutsche Bank	Internal control over financial reporting
Annual Report 2025

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194

Deutsche Bank	Information pursuant to Section 315a (1) of the German Commercial Code
Annual Report 2025

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195

Deutsche Bank	Information pursuant to Section 315a (1) of the German Commercial Code
Annual Report 2025

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196

Deutsche Bank	Corporate Governance Statement acc to Sec 289f, 315d of the German Commercial Code
Annual Report 2025

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197

Deutsche Bank	Corporate Governance Statement acc to Sec 289f, 315d of the German Commercial Code
Annual Report 2025

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198

Deutsche Bank	Standalone parent company information (HGB)
Annual Report 2025

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199

Deutsche Bank	Standalone parent company information (HGB)
Annual Report 2025

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200

Deutsche Bank
Annual Report 2025

2- Consolidated Financial Statements

201	Consolidated Statement of Income			23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	287
202	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income			24 — Non-Current Assets and Disposal Groups Held for Sale	292
203	Consolidated Balance Sheet			25 — Other Assets and Other Liabilities	293
204	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity			26 — Deposits	293
205	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows			27 — Provisions	294
207	Notes to the consolidated financial statements			28 — Credit related commitments and contingent liabilities	303
	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates	207		29 — Other Short-Term Borrowings	304
	02 — Recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements	231		30 — Long-Term Debt and Trust Preferred Securities	304
	03 — Acquisitions and dispositions	233		31 — Maturity Analysis of the earliest contractual undiscounted cash flows of Financial Liabilities	305
	04 — Business segments and related information	234	306	Additional Notes
246	Notes to the consolidated income statement			32 — Common Shares	306
	05 — Net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	246		33 — Employee Benefits	307
	06 — Commissions and fee income	248		34 — Income Taxes	323
	07 — Net gains (losses) from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost	250		35 — Derivatives	326
	08 — Other income (loss)	250		36 — Related Party Transactions	330
	09 — General and administrative expenses	250		37 — Information on Subsidiaries	332
	10 — Restructuring	251		38 — Structured entities	333
	11 — Earnings per share	252		39 — Current and non-current assets and liabilities	338
246	Notes to the consolidated income statement			40 — Events after the reporting period	339
	12 — Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	253		41 — Regulatory capital information	340
	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value	255		42 – Condensed Deutsche Bank AG (parent company only) financial information	345
	14 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments not carried at Fair Value	270	348	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
	15 — Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	272
	16 — Equity Method Investments	272
	17 — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities	273
	18 — Loans	277
	19 — Allowance for Credit Losses	278
	20 — Transfer of Financial Assets, Assets Pledged and Received as Collateral	281
	21 — Property and Equipment	284
	22 — Leases	286

201

Deutsche Bank	Consolidated Statement of Income
Annual Report 2025

Consolidated Statement of Income

in € m.		Notes		2025		2024		2023
Interest and similar income1		5		44,440		48,996		43,546
Interest expense		5		28,766		33,835		27,424
Net interest income		5		15,673		15,161		16,122
Provision for credit losses		19		1,707		1,830		1,505
Net interest income after provision for credit losses				13,967		13,331		14,617
Net commission and fee income		6		10,891		10,372		9,206
Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		5		4,577		5,655		5,575
Net gains (losses) from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost		7		9		(11)		(96)
Net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income				49		48		(—)
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		16		(6)		12		(38)
Other income (loss)		8		240		267		387
Total noninterest income				15,761		16,344		15,033
Compensation and benefits		33		11,813		11,731		11,131
General and administrative expenses		9		8,860		11,243		10,112
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		23		—		—		233
Restructuring activities		10		(15)		(3)		220
Total noninterest expenses				20,658		22,971		21,695
Profit (loss) before income taxes				9,069		6,703		7,955
Income tax expense (benefit)		34		2,255		2,223		1,503
Profit (loss)				6,814		4,481		6,452
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests				208		139		119
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components				6,606		4,342		6,332

1Interest and similar income included € 32.5 billion, € 36.5 billion and € 34.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, calculated based

on effective interest method

Earnings per Share

		Notes		2025		2024		2023
Earnings per share:1		11
Basic				€ 2.99		€1.89		€2.83
Diluted				€ 2.93		€1.85		€2.77
Number of shares in million:
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted-average shares outstanding				1,954.5		1,993.6		2,064.1
Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions				1,998.0		2,039.3		2,104.0

1Earnings were adjusted by € 761 million before tax in 2025 for the coupons paid on Additional Tier 1 Notes, thereof € 728 million in the second quarter and € 32 million in

the fourth quarter of 2025 . In the second quarters of 2024 and 2023 earnings were adjusted by € 574 million and € 498 million before tax respectively for the coupons

paid on Additional Tier 1 Notes. The coupons paid on Additional Tier 1 Notes are not attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and therefore need to be deducted in

the calculation in accordance with IAS 33.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

202

Deutsche Bank	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Annual Report 2025

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

		2025		2024		2023
Profit (loss) recognized in the income statement		6,814		4,481		6,452
Other comprehensive income
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
Remeasurement gains (losses) related to defined benefit plans, before tax		27		264		(286)
Net fair value gains (losses) attributable to credit risk related to financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss, before tax		(115)		(180)		(62)
Total of income tax related to items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss		(115)		(61)		155
Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period, before tax		582		(395)		205
Realized net (gains) losses arising during the period (reclassified to profit or loss), before tax		(49)		(48)		—
Derivatives hedging variability of cash flows
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period, before tax		(42)		(242)		439
Realized net (gains) losses arising during the period (reclassified to profit or loss), before tax		(44)		234		395
Assets classified as held for sale
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period, before tax		—		—		—
Realized net (gains) losses arising during the period (reclassified to profit or loss), before tax		—		—		—
Foreign currency translation
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period, before tax		(3,316)		822		(1,284)
Realized net (gains) losses arising during the period (reclassified to profit or loss), before tax		(9)		3		(3)
Equity Method Investments
Net gains (losses) arising during the period		31		(2)		(25)
Total of income tax related to items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss		(117)		282		(32)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(3,166)		676		(497)
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		3,648		5,156		5,955
Attributable to:
Noncontrolling interests		107		192		77
Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		3,540		4,965		5,878

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

203

Deutsche Bank	Consolidated Balance Sheet
Annual Report 2025

Consolidated Balance Sheet

in € m.		Notes		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Assets:
Cash and central bank balances				164,659		147,494
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)				6,962		6,160
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		20		37,509		40,803
Securities borrowed		20		6		44
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Trading assets				153,811		139,772
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments				241,654		291,800
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit and loss				124,495		114,324
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss				—		—
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		12, 13, 20, 35		519,960		545,895
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		15		43,644		42,090
Equity method investments		16		924		1,028
Loans at amortized cost		18, 19, 20		478,214		483,897
Property and equipment		21, 22		5,924		6,193
Goodwill and other intangible assets		23		7,561		7,749
Other assets 1		24, 25		167,160		101,178
Assets for current tax				1,609		1,801
Deferred tax assets		34		5,743		6,702
Total assets				1,439,873		1,391,033
Liabilities and equity:
Deposits		26		694,580		667,700
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements		20		4,177		3,740
Securities loaned		20		2		2
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Trading liabilities				42,879		43,498
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments				225,827		276,410
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss				115,055		92,047
Investment contract liabilities				469		454
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		12, 13, 20, 35		384,230		412,409
Other short-term borrowings		29		18,204		9,895
Other liabilities 1		22, 24, 25		137,662		95,616
Provisions		19, 27		2,408		3,326
Liabilities for current tax				694		720
Deferred tax liabilities		34		594		574
Long-term debt		30		114,754		114,899
Trust preferred securities		30		283		287
Total liabilities				1,357,588		1,309,168
Common shares, no par value, nominal value of  €2.56		32		4,891		5,106
Additional paid-in capital				38,281		39,744
Retained earnings				30,275		25,872
Common shares in treasury, at cost		32		(185)		(713)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax				(4,247)		(1,300)
Total shareholders’ equity				69,015		68,709
Additional equity components				11,708		11,550
Noncontrolling interests				1,562		1,606
Total equity				82,285		81,865
Total liabilities and equity				1,439,873		1,391,033

1Includes non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

204

Deutsche Bank	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Annual Report 2025

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

										Unrealized net gains (losses)
in € m.		Common shares (no par value)		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Common shares in treasury, at cost		On financial assets at fair value through other compre- hensive income, net of tax2		Attributable to change in own credit risk of financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss, net of tax2		On derivatives hedging variability of cash flows, net of tax2		On assets classified as held for sale, net of tax2		Foreign currency translation, net of tax2		Unrealized net gains (losses) from equity method investments		Accumula- ted other comprehen- sive income, net of tax1		Total shareholders’ equity		Additional equity components3		Noncontrolling interests		Total equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022		5,291		40,513		17,769		(331)		(1,143)		62		(570)		—		172		10		(1,470)		61,772		8,578		1,791		72,141
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax1		—		—		6,332		—		264		(43)		592		—		(1,102)		(16)		(306)		6,027		—		78		6,104
Gains (losses) attributable to equity instruments designated as at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Gains (losses) upon early extinguishment attributable to change in own credit risk of financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Common shares cancelled5		(68)		(232)		—		300		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Cash dividends paid		—		—		(610)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(610)		—		(100)		(710)
Coupon on additional equity components, before tax		—		—		(498)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(498)		—		—		(498)
Remeasurement gains (losses) related to defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		(148)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(148)		—		(1)		(149)
Net change in share awards in the reporting period		—		(94)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(94)		—		(1)		(95)
Treasury shares distributed under share-based compensation plans		—		—		—		407		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		407		—		—		407
Tax benefits related to share-based compensation plans		—		27		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		27		—		(1)		26
Option premiums and other effects from options on common shares		—		(65)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(65)		—		—		(65)
Purchases of treasury shares		—		—		—		(857)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(857)		—		—		(857)
Sale of treasury shares		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net gains (losses) on treasury shares sold		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		—		39		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		39		(9) 4		(4)		26
Balance as of December 31, 2023		5,223		40,187		22,845		(481)		(879)		18		22		—		(930)		(6)		(1,775)		65,999		8,569		1,763		76,330
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax1		—		—		4,342		—		(317)		(131)		1		—		918		(1)		469		4,811		—		191		5,002
Gains (losses) attributable to equity instruments designated as at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Gains (losses) upon early extinguishment attributable to change in own credit risk of financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss, net of tax		—		—		(5)		—		—		5		—		—		—		—		5		—		—		—		—
Common shares cancelled5		(117)		(333)		—		450		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Cash dividends paid		—		—		(883)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(883)		—		(264)		(1,147)
Coupon on additional equity components, before tax		—		—		(574)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(574)		—		—		(574)
Remeasurement gains (losses) related to defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		148		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		148		—		1		149
Net change in share awards in the reporting period		—		(23)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(23)		—		—		(23)
Treasury shares distributed under share-based compensation plans		—		—		—		444		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		444		—		—		444
Tax benefits related to share-based compensation plans		—		53		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		53		—		—		53
Option premiums and other effects from options on common shares		—		(41)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(41)		—		—		(41)
Purchases of treasury shares		—		—		—		(1,126)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,126)		—		—		(1,126)
Sale of treasury shares		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net gains (losses) on treasury shares sold		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		—		(99)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(99)		2,981 4		(84)		2,798
Balance as of December 31, 2024		5,106		39,744		25,873		(713)		(1,196)		(108)		23		—		(12)		(7)		(1,300)		68,709		11,550		1,606		81,865
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax1		—		—		6,606		—		377		(93)		(59)		—		(3,199)		17		(2,956)		3,650		—		106		3,757
Gains (losses) attributable to equity instruments designated as at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Gains (losses) upon early extinguishment attributable to change in own credit risk of financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss, net of tax		—		—		(9)		—		—		9		—		—		—		—		9		—		—		—		—
Common shares cancelled5		(215)		(1,459)		—		1,675		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Cash dividends paid		—		—		(1,315)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,315)		—		(107)		(1,421)
Coupon on additional equity components, before tax		—		—		(761)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(761)		—		—		(761)
Remeasurement gains (losses) related to defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		(119)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(119)		—		1		(118)
Net change in share awards in the reporting period		—		63		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		63		—		—		63
Treasury shares distributed under share-based compensation plans		—		—		—		472		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		472		—		—		472
Tax benefits related to share-based compensation plans		—		161		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		161		—		—		161
Option premiums and other effects from options on common shares		—		(75)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(75)		—		—		(75)
Purchases of treasury shares		—		—		—		(1,618)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(1,618)		—		—		(1,618)
Sale of treasury shares		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net gains (losses) on treasury shares sold		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		—		(153)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(153)		158 4		(45)		(39)
Balance as of December 31, 2025		4,891		38,281		30,275		(185)		(819)		(192)		(36)		—		(3,211)		10		(4,247)		69,015		11,708		1,562		82,285

1Excluding remeasurement gains (losses) related to defined benefit plans, net of tax

2Excluding unrealized net gains (losses) from equity method investments

3Includes Additional Tier 1 Notes, which constitute unsecured and subordinated notes of Deutsche Bank and are classified as equity in accordance with IFRS

4Includes net proceeds from issuance, purchase and sale of Additional Equity Components

5 At December 19, 2025, Deutsche Bank cancelled 37.7 million of its common shares; the cancellation reduced the nominal value of the shares by € 96 million; the cancelled shares had been held in common shares in treasury, at their acquisition cost of € 1.0 billion; the difference between the common shares at cost and their nominal value has reduced additional-paid-in capital by

€ 903 million. At January 3, 2025, Deutsche Bank cancelled 46.4 million of its common shares; the cancellation reduced the nominal value of the shares by   € 119 million; the cancelled shares had been held in common shares in treasury, at their acquisition cost of .€ 675 million; the difference between the common shares at cost and their nominal value has reduced additional

paid-in capital by € 556 million. At March 5, 2024, Deutsche Bank cancelled 45.5 million of its common shares; the cancellation reduced the nominal value of the shares by € 117 million; the cancelled shares had been held in common shares in treasury, at their acquisition cost of€ 450 million; the difference between the common shares at cost and their nominal value has reduced

additional paid-in capital by€ 333 million. At February 28, 2023, Deutsche Bank cancelled 26.5 million of its common shares; the cancellation reduced the nominal value of the shares by € 68 million; the cancelled shares had been held in common shares in treasury, at their acquisition cost of € 300 million; the difference between the common shares at cost and their nominal value

has reduced additional paid-in capital by € 232 million

205

Deutsche Bank	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Annual Report 2025

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Profit (loss)		6,814		4,481		6,452
Cash flows from operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses		1,707		1,830		1,505
Restructuring activities		(15)		(3)		220
Gain on sale of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, equity method investments and other		(22)		(76)		(84)
Deferred income taxes, net		501		909		163
Impairment, depreciation and other amortization, and accretion		2,723		2,758		3,601
Share of net income from equity method investments		(35)		4		107
Adjustments for net change in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest-earning time deposits with central banks and banks		(13,074)		(1,188)		(699)
Central bank funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements, securities borrowed		3,490		(25,975)		(3,285)
Non-Trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit and loss		(14,115)		(25,214)		793
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		75		93
Loans at amortized cost		(10,637)		211		9,686
Other assets		(52,226)		13,990		(1,384)
Deposits		40,242		36,893		(2,299)
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss and investment contract liabilities1		28,456		5,425		29,493
Central bank funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements, securities loaned		631		625		2,456
Other short-term borrowings		8,529		182		4,534
Other liabilities		48,755		(19,800)		777
Senior long-term debt2		5,754		(6,339)		(11,880)
Trading assets and liabilities, positive and negative market values from derivative financial instruments, net		(19,516)		(15,020)		(35,515)
Other, net		9,102		(2,350)		872
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		47,064		(28,584)		5,606
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from:
Sale of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		10,909		18,267		15,646
Maturities of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		22,748		22,658		19,437
Sale of debt securities held to collect at amortized cost		—		20		—
Maturities of debt securities held to collect at amortized cost		4,631		7,216		8,025
Sale of equity method investments		—		—		20
Sale of property and equipment		18		20		33
Purchase of:
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		(37,989)		(46,502)		(38,648)
Debt Securities held to collect at amortized cost		(24,728)		(6,498)		(4,859)
Equity method investments		(17)		(63)		(60)
Property and equipment		(443)		(528)		(422)
Net cash received in (paid for) business combinations/divestitures		—		3		(361)
Other, net		(1,440)		(1,375)		(1,386)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(26,311)		(6,781)		(2,576)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuances of subordinated long-term debt3		54		20		1,432
Repayments and extinguishments of subordinated long-term debt3		(2,728)		(153)		(1,471)
Issuances of trust preferred securities4		—		—		—
Repayments and extinguishments of trust preferred securities4		(6)		(6)		(225)
Principal portion of lease payments5		(496)		(552)		(534)
Common shares issued		—		—		—
Purchases of treasury shares		(1,618)		(1,126)		(857)
Sale of treasury shares		—		—		—
Additional Equity Components (AT1) issued		2,500		3,000		—
Additional Equity Components (AT1) repaid		(2,360)		—		—
Purchases of Additional Equity Components (AT1)		(3,064)		(3,341)		(400)

206

Deutsche Bank	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Annual Report 2025

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Sale of Additional Equity Components (AT1)		3,071		3,316		415
Coupon on additional equity components, pre tax		(761)		(574)		(498)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests		(107)		(264)		(100)
Net change in noncontrolling interests		(6)		(84)		(5)
Cash dividends paid to Deutsche Bank shareholders		(1,315)		(883)		(610)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(6,834)		(646)		(2,852)
Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(6,309)		2,910		(2,036)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		7,611		(33,102)		(1,857)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		130,666		163,768		165,626
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		138,277		130,666		163,768
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities include
Income taxes paid (received), net		1,361		1,392		955
Interest paid6		28,805		33,573		25,454
Interest received6		44,524		48,384		42,886
Dividends received		142		110		106
Cash and cash equivalents comprise
Cash and central bank balances7		133,193		126,353		159,326
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)8		5,084		4,313		4,442
Total		138,277		130,666		163,768

1Included are senior long-term debt issuances of € 12.2 billion and € 13.5 billion and repayments and extinguishments of € 6.2 billion and € 2.4 billion through December

31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

2Included are issuances of € 23.7 billion and € 25.9 billion and repayments and extinguishments of € 17.2 billion and € 33.2 billion through December 31, 2025 and

December 31, 2024, respectively

3Non-cash changes for Subordinated Long-Term Debt are € (741) million in total and mainly driven by Fair Value changes of € 62 million and Foreign Exchange

movements of € (810) million through December 31, 2025 and € 532 million in total mainly driven by Fair Value changes of € 90 million and Foreign Exchange movements

of € 432 million through December 31, 2024

4Non-cash changes for Trust Preferred Securities are € 2 million in total and mainly driven by Fair Value changes of € (3) million through December 31, 2025 and

€ 3 million in total and mainly driven by Fair Value changes of € (3) million through December 31, 2024

5Non-cash changes for Lease liabilities are € 327 million in total including Foreign Exchange movements of € (205) million through December 31, 2025 and € 673 million in

total including Foreign Exchange movements of € 107 million through December 31, 2024

6Includes interest paid and interest received from derivatives qualifying as hedging instruments under the Group’s fair value hedge accounting application, which includes

portfolio hedges of interest rate risk in accordance with the EU carve-out version of IAS 39

7Not included: Interest-earning time deposits with central banks of € 31.5 billion as of December 31, 2025 and € 21.2 billion as of December 31, 2024

8Not included: Interest-earning time deposits with banks of € 1.9 billion as of December 31, 2025 and € 1.9 billion as of December 31, 2024

As of December 31, 2025 cash and central bank balances include time and demand deposits at the Russian Central Bank

of € 545 million (€ 377 million as of December 31, 2024). These are subject to foreign exchange restrictions. Thereof,

demand deposits of € 13 million (€ 15 million as of December 31, 2024) qualify as Cash and cash equivalents at end of

period.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

207

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting

estimates

Basis of accounting

Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft, Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (“Deutsche Bank” or the

“Parent”) is a stock corporation organized under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany. Deutsche Bank together

with all entities in which Deutsche Bank has a controlling financial interest (collectively the “Group”, or “Deutsche Bank”)

is a global provider of a full range of corporate and investment banking, private clients and asset management products

and services.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in euros, the presentation currency of the Group. All

financial information presented in million euros has been rounded to the nearest million. The consolidated financial

statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the

International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”)

Prior to publication on March 12, 2026, the Supervisory Board approved the Consolidated Financial Statements 2025 of

the Group on March 11, 2026, which were drawn up by the Management Board on March 5, 2026.

EU carve out

For purposes of the Group’s primary financial reporting outside the United States, the Group prepares its consolidated

financial statements in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by the EU. For purposes of the Group’s consolidated financial

statements prepared in accordance with IFRS as endorsed by the EU, the Group applies fair value hedge accounting for

portfolio hedges of interest rate risk (fair value macro hedges) in accordance with the EU carve out version of IAS 39. The

purpose of applying the EU carve out version of IAS 39 is to align the Group’s hedge accounting approach with its risk

management practice and the accounting practice of its major European peers. Under the EU carve out version of IAS 39

fair value macro hedge accounting may be applied to core deposits. In addition, under the EU carve out version of IAS 39

hedge ineffectiveness is only recognized when the revised estimate of the amount of cash flows in scheduled time

buckets falls below the original designated amount of that bucket. If the revised amount of cash flows in scheduled time

buckets is more than the original designated amount, then there is no hedge ineffectiveness. Under IFRS as issued by the

IASB, hedge accounting for fair value macro hedges cannot be applied to core deposits. In addition, under IFRS as issued

by the IASB hedge ineffectiveness arises for all fair value macro hedge accounting relationships whenever the revised

estimate of the amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets is either more or less than the original designated

amount of that bucket. The EU carve out version of IAS 39 also removes the prohibition on identifying a benchmark risk

component in a financial instrument priced at sub–benchmark. This may arise when financial instruments carry a

negative spread such that the identified non–contractually specified risk component is larger than the interest carry on

the contract itself.

For the financial year ended December 31, 2025, the application of the EU carve-out version of IAS 39 had a positive impact

of € 0.7 billion on profit before tax and of € 0.3 billion on profit after tax. For the financial year ended December 31, 2024,

the application of the EU carve-out had a negative impact of € 1.4 billion on profit before taxes and of € 1.0 billion on

profit post taxes.

The Group’s regulatory capital and ratios thereof are also reported on the basis of the EU carve-out version of IAS 39. The

impact on total equity also impacts the calculation of the CET1 capital ratio. As of December 31, 2025, application of the

EU carve-out had a cumulative negative impact on the CET1 capital ratio of about 60 basis points and a cumulative

negative impact of about 68 basis points as of December 31, 2024.

208

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

IFRS 7 disclosures (including disclosures on segment reporting and geopolitical risks)

Disclosures about the nature and the extent of risks arising from financial instruments as required by IFRS 7, “Financial

Instruments: Disclosures” are set forth in the Risk Report section of the Combined Management Report and are an

integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Disclosures on geopolitical and macroeconomic related risks can be found in the section “Risks and opportunities”, as

well as in the section “Risk and capital overview”, chapter “Key risk themes” in the Risk Report. The Group is exposed to

general risk arising from geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainties. The following are examples of how such risks

may impact the financial results of the Group:

–Tariffs or sanctions as well as economic stagnation could impact a client’s ability to service principal and interest

payments under instruments subject to IFRS 9.

–Wars and embargoes in specific regions in the world could impact client ability to generate sustainable returns to

service their loans.

The Group considers such geopolitical and macroeconomic risks as part of the credit risk assessment and due diligence

process before relevant clients are granted credit. The Group also manages its credit portfolio within the established risk

appetite and limits.

Details on segment reporting can be found in the section “Business segments of Deutsche Bank” of the Management

Report and in Note 04 - Business segments and related information.

These audited disclosures are marked in light blue in the Risk Report.

Since the beginning of the fourth quarter 2023, High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA, as defined in the Commission

Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/61) is a key limit per the Group’s liquidity risk appetite, replacing the previously reported

Liquidity Reserve. HQLA comprise available cash and cash equivalents and unencumbered high quality liquid securities

(including government and government guaranteed bonds), representing the most readily available and most important

countermeasure in a stress event. Accordingly, the Group discontinued the disclosure of Liquidity Reserves from 2025

onwards.

Critical accounting estimates

The preparation of financial statements under IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions for certain

categories of assets and liabilities. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities

and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported amounts of revenue and

expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates. The Group’s material

accounting policies are described in “Material Accounting Policies”.

Certain of the Group’s accounting policies require critical accounting estimates that involve complex and subjective

judgments and the use of assumptions, some of which may be for matters that are inherently uncertain and susceptible

to change. Such critical accounting estimates could change from period to period and may have a material impact on the

Group’s financial condition, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Critical accounting estimates could

also involve estimates where management could have reasonably used another estimate in the current accounting

period. The Group has identified the following material accounting policies that involve critical accounting estimates:

–The impairment of loans and provisions for off-balance sheet positions (see “Impairment of Loans and Provision for

Off-balance Sheet Positions” below)

–The impairment of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (see “Impairment of Loans and

Provision for Off-balance Sheet Positions” below)

–The determination of fair value (see “Determination of Fair Value” below)

–The recognition of trade date profit (see “Recognition of Trade Date Profit” below)

–The impairment of goodwill and other intangibles (see “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” below)

–The recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets (see “Income Taxes” below)

–The accounting for legal and regulatory contingencies and uncertain tax positions (see “Provisions” below)

209

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Material accounting policies

The following is a description of the material accounting policies of the Group. Except for the changes in accounting

policies and changes in accounting estimates described previously and noted below these policies have been

consistently applied for 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Principles of consolidation

The financial information in the Consolidated Financial Statements includes the parent company, Deutsche Bank AG,

together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including certain structured entities presented as a single economic unit

Subsidiaries

The Group’s subsidiaries are those entities which it directly or indirectly controls. Control over an entity is evidenced by

the Group’s ability to exercise its power in order to affect any variable returns that the Group is exposed to through its

involvement with the entity.

The Group sponsors the formation of structured entities and interacts with structured entities sponsored by third parties

for a variety of reasons, including allowing clients to hold investments in separate legal entities, allowing clients to invest

jointly in alternative assets, for asset securitization transactions, and for buying or selling credit protection.

When assessing whether to consolidate an entity, the Group evaluates a range of control factors, namely:

–Purpose and design of the entity

–Relevant activities and how these are determined

–Whether the Group’s rights result in the ability to direct the relevant activities

–Whether the Group has exposure or rights to variable returns

–Whether the Group has the ability to use its power to affect the amount of its returns

Where voting rights are relevant, the Group is deemed to have control where it holds, directly or indirectly, more than

half of the voting rights over an entity unless there is evidence that another investor has the practical ability to

unilaterally direct the relevant activities.

Potential voting rights that are deemed to be substantive are also considered when assessing control.

Likewise, the Group also assesses existence of control where it does not control the majority of the voting power but has

the practical ability to unilaterally direct the relevant activities. This may arise in circumstances where the size and

dispersion of holdings of the shareholders give the Group the power to direct the activities of the investee.

Associates

Investments in associates are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. An associate is an entity in which

the Group has significant influence, but not a controlling interest, over the operating and financial management policy

decisions of the entity. Significant influence is generally presumed when the Group holds between 20% and 50% of the

voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are

considered in assessing whether the Group has significant influence. Among the other factors that are considered in

determining whether the Group has significant influence are representation on the board of directors (supervisory board

in the case of German stock corporations) and material intercompany transactions. The existence of these factors could

require the application of the equity method of accounting for a particular investment even though the Group’s

investment is less than 20% of the voting stock.

Under the equity method of accounting, the Group’s investments in associates and jointly controlled entities are initially

recorded at cost including any directly related transaction costs incurred in acquiring the associate, and subsequently

increased (or decreased) to reflect both the Group’s pro-rata share of the post-acquisition net income (or loss) of the

associate or jointly controlled entity and other movements included directly in the equity of the associate or jointly

controlled entity. The Group’s share of the results of associates is adjusted to conform to the accounting policies of the

Group and is reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Net income (loss) from equity method investments.

If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment test is performed by comparing the investment’s recoverable

amount, which is the higher of its value in use and fair value less costs to sell, with its carrying amount.

210

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Foreign currency translation

The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in euro, which is the presentation currency of the Group. Various

entities in the Group use a different functional currency, being the currency of the primary economic environment in

which the entity operates.

An entity records foreign currency revenues, expenses, gains and losses in its functional currency using the exchange

rates prevailing at the dates of recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency are translated at the

period end closing rate. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the translation and settlement of these items

are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income as net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value

through profit or loss in order to align the translation amounts with those recognized from foreign currency related

transactions (derivatives) which hedge these monetary assets and liabilities.

Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost are translated using the historical exchange rate at the date of

the transaction. Translation differences on non-monetary items which are held at fair value through profit or loss are

recognized in profit or loss.

For purposes of translation into the presentation currency, assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at

the period end closing rate and items of income and expense are translated into euros at the rates prevailing on the dates

of the transactions, or average rates of exchange where these approximate actual rates. The exchange differences arising

on the translation of a foreign operation are included in other comprehensive income. For foreign operations that are

subsidiaries, the amount of exchange differences attributable to any noncontrolling interests is recognized in

noncontrolling interests.

Upon disposal of a foreign subsidiary and associate (which results in loss of control or significant influence over that

operation) the total cumulative exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to

profit or loss.

Upon partial disposal of a foreign operation that is a subsidiary and which does not result in loss of control, the

proportionate share of cumulative exchange differences is reclassified from other comprehensive income to

noncontrolling interests as this is deemed a transaction with equity holders. For a partial disposal of an associate which

does not result in a loss of significant influence, the proportionate share of cumulative exchange differences is

reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss.

Interest, commissions and fees

Net interest income – Interest income and expense from all interest-bearing assets and liabilities is recognized as net

interest income using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate (EIR) is a method of calculating the

amortized cost of a financial asset or a financial liability and of allocating the interest income or expense over the

relevant period using the estimated future cash flows.

The estimated future cash flows used in the EIR calculation include those determined by all of the contractual terms of

the asset or liability, all fees (including commissions) that are considered to be integral to the effective interest rate,

direct and incremental transaction costs and all other premiums or discounts. However, if the financial instrument is

carried at fair value through profit or loss, any associated fees are recognized in trading income when the instrument is

initially recognized, provided there are no significant unobservable inputs used in determining its fair value.

If a financial asset is credit-impaired, interest revenue is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the

amortized cost amount. The amortized cost amount of a financial asset is the gross carrying amount of a financial asset

after adjusting for any impairment allowance. For assets which are initially recognized as purchased or credit-impaired,

interest revenue is calculated through the use of a credit-adjusted effective interest rate which takes into consideration

expected credit losses.

The Group presents negative interest paid on interest-bearing assets as interest expense, and interest revenue received

from interest-bearing liabilities as interest income.

The Group presents interest income and expense calculated using the EIR method separately in the Group’s

consolidated statement of income.

211

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Commissions and fee income – The Group applies the IFRS 15, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” five-step revenue

recognition model to the recognition of Commissions and Fee Income, under which income must be recognized when control of

goods and services is transferred, hence the contractual performance obligations to the customer have been satisfied.

Accordingly, after a contract with a customer has been identified in the first step, the second step is to identify the performance

obligation – or a series of distinct performance obligations – provided to the customer. The Group must examine whether the

service is capable of being distinct and is actually distinct within the context of the contract. A promised service is distinct if the

customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the

customer, and the promise to transfer the service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

The amount of income is measured on the basis of the contractually agreed transaction price for the performance obligation

defined in the contract. If a contract includes a variable consideration, the Group estimates the amount of consideration to

which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. Income is recognized in profit

and loss when the identified performance obligation has been satisfied. The Group does not present information about its

remaining performance obligations if it is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

The Group determines the stand-alone selling price at contract inception of a distinct service underlying each performance

obligation in the contract and allocates the transaction price in proportion to those stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone

selling price is the price at which Deutsche Bank would sell a promised service separately to a customer on an unbundled basis.

The best evidence of a stand-alone selling price is the observable price of a service when the Group sells that service separately

in similar circumstances and to similar customers. If the Group does not sell the service to a customer separately, it estimates

the stand-alone selling price at an amount using a suitable method, for example, in loan syndication transactions the Group

applies the requirements for recognition of trade day profit and considers the price at which other market participants provide

the same service on an unbundled basis. As such when estimating a stand-alone selling price, the Group considers all

information (including market conditions) that is reasonably available to it. In doing so, the Group maximizes the use of

observable inputs and applies estimation methods consistently in similar circumstances.

The Group provides asset management services that give rise to asset management and performance fees and constitute a

single performance obligation. The asset management and performance fee components are variable considerations such that

at each reporting date the Group estimates the fee amount to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised

services to the customer. The benefits arising from the asset management services are simultaneously received and consumed

by the customer over time. The Group recognizes revenue over time by measuring the progress towards complete satisfaction

of that performance obligation, subject to the removal of any uncertainty as to whether it is highly probable that a significant

reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized would occur or not. For performance fees this date is typically at

receipt of the performance fee when any uncertainty related to the performance component has been fully removed. Where

the Group recognizes performance fee revenue prior to actual receipt it applies a parameter-based methodology that assesses

whether the Group expects to meet the performance fee related conditions such that it is highly probable that a significant

reversal in the cumulative revenue amount recognized would not occur. In this case the right to receive the corresponding

revenue amount is recognized as a contract asset and presented as other assets in the Group’s consolidated balance sheet.

Loan commitment fees related to commitments that are accounted for off balance sheet are recognized in commissions and

fee income over the life of the commitment if it is unlikely that the Group will enter into a specific lending arrangement. If it is

probable that the Group will enter into a specific lending arrangement, the loan commitment fee is deferred until the origination

of a loan and recognized as an adjustment to the loan’s effective interest rate.

Commissions and Fee Income predominantly earned from services that are received and consumed by the customer over time:

Administration, assets under management, foreign commercial business, loan processing and guarantees sundry other

customer services. The Group recognizes revenue from these services over time by measuring the progress towards complete

satisfaction of that performance obligation, subject to the removal of any uncertainty as to whether it is highly probable that a

significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized would occur or not.

Commissions and Fee Income predominantly earned from providing services at a point in time or transaction-type services

include other securities, underwriting and advisory fees, brokerage fees, local payments, foreign currency/exchange business

and intermediary fees.

Expenses that are directly related and incremental to the generation of Commissions and Fee Income are presented net in

Commissions and Fee Income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. This includes income and associated expense where

the Group contractually owns the performance obligation (i.e., as Principal) in relation to the service that gives rise to the

revenue and associated expense. In contrast, it does not include situations where the Group does not contractually own the

performance obligation and is acting as agent. The determination of whether the Group is acting as principal or agent is based

on the contractual terms of the underlying service arrangement. The gross Commissions and Fee Income and Expense amounts

are disclosed in “Note 06 – Commissions and Fee Income”.

212

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Financial assets

The Group classifies financial assets in line with the classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9, where

financial assets are classified based on both the business model used for managing the financial assets and the

contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset (known as Solely Payments of Principal and Interest or “SPPI”).

There are three business models available:

–Hold to Collect - Financial assets held with the objective to collect contractual cash flows. They are subsequently

measured at amortized cost and are recorded in multiple lines on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet.

–Hold to Collect and Sell - Financial assets held with the objective of both collecting contractual cash flows and selling

financial assets. They are recorded as Financial assets at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income on the

Group’s consolidated balance sheet.

–Other - Financial assets that do not meet the criteria of either “Hold to Collect” or “Hold to Collect and Sell”. They are

recorded as Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet.

The assessment of business model requires judgment based on facts and circumstances upon initial recognition. As part

of this assessment, the Group considers quantitative factors (e.g., the expected frequency and volume of sales) and

qualitative factors such as how the performance of the business model and the financial assets held within that business

model are evaluated and reported to the Group’s key management personnel. In addition to taking into consideration the

risks that affect the performance of the business model and the financial assets held within that business model, in

particular, the way in which those market and credit risks are managed; and how managers of the business are

compensated (e.g., whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual

cash flows collected). This assessment results in an asset being classified in either a Hold to Collect, Hold to Collect and

Sell or Other business model.

If the Group holds a financial asset either in a Hold to Collect or a Hold to Collect and Sell business model, then an

assessment at initial recognition to determine whether the contractual cash flows of the financial asset are Solely

Payments of Principal and Interest on the principal amount outstanding is required to determine the financial asset

classification. Contractual cash flows, that are SPPI on the principal amount outstanding, are consistent with a basic

lending arrangement. Interest in a basic lending arrangement is consideration for the time value of money and the credit

risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time. It can also include consideration

for other basic lending risks (e.g., liquidity risk) and costs (e.g., administrative costs) associated with holding the financial

asset for a particular period of time; and a profit margin that is consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Where cash

flows can change over time due to contingent events, such as terms where the margin on a loan adjusts depending on

the performance of the borrower on certain contractual ESG metrics, the contingent event and cash flows are assessed

to determine if the instrument cash flows are SPPI. The nature of the contingent event and the size of the possible

change in cash flows are taken into account in this assessment on an absolute and relative basis compared to the overall

coupon. Additionally, as part of the SPPI assessment where the lending is non-recourse in nature then further

assessment is made to determine if the cash flows are consistent with SPPI which is dependent on the nature of the

underlyings, the level of subordination and the contractual cash flows of the instrument held. The Group originates and

purchases debt instruments from entities issuing multiple tranches of debt. Where these instruments meet the definition

of a contractually linked instruments then further analysis is performed on the cash flows and credit risk exposure of the

instrument held as well as the underlying collateral held at purchase and can be held in the future.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are classified at fair value through profit or loss if they are held in the Other business model because they

are either held for trading or because they do not meet the criteria for Hold to Collect or Hold to Collect and Sell. In

addition, it includes financial assets that meet the criteria for Hold to Collect or Hold to Collect and Sell business model,

but the financial asset fails SPPI or where the Group designated the financial assets under the fair value option.

Financial assets classified as Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value with realized

and unrealized gains and losses included in Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or

loss. Interest on interest earning assets such as trading loans and debt securities and dividends on equity instruments are

presented in Interest and Similar Income.

The Group applies trade date accounting to financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss.

213

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Trading assets – Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they have been originated, acquired or incurred

principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing them in the near term, or they form part of a portfolio of identified

financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term

profit-taking. Trading assets include debt and equity securities, derivatives held for trading purposes, and trading loans.

This also includes loan commitments that are allocated to the Other business model and that are presented as

derivatives held for trading.

Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit and loss – The Group assigns any non-trading

financial asset that does not fall into the Hold to Collect nor Hold to Collect and Sell business models into the Other

business model and classifies them as Non-Trading Financial Assets mandatory at Fair Value through Profit and Loss. This

includes predominately reverse repurchase agreements which are managed on a fair value basis. Additionally, any

financial asset that falls into the Hold to Collect or Hold to Collect and Sell business models for which the contractual

cash flow characteristics are not SPPI is classified by the Group as Non-Trading Financial Assets Mandatory at Fair Value

through Profit and Loss.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset shall be classified and measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI”), if the

financial asset is held in a Hold to Collect and Sell business model and the contractual cash flows are SPPI, unless

designated under the fair value option.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recorded in net interest income. Realized gains and losses

are reported in net gains (losses) on financial assets at FVOCI. Generally, the weighted-average cost method is used to

determine the cost of FVOCI financial assets.

The Group applies trade date accounting to financial assets classified at FVOCI.

It is possible to designate non-trading equity instruments as FVOCI. However, this category is expected to have limited

usage by the Group and has not been used to date.

Financial assets at amortized cost

A financial asset is classified and subsequently measured at amortized cost if the financial asset is held in a Hold to

Collect business model and the contractual cash flows are SPPI.

Under this measurement category, the financial asset is measured at fair value at initial recognition. Subsequently the

carrying amount is reduced for principal payments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest

method. The financial asset is assessed for impairment under the IFRS 9 expected credit loss model where provisions are

recognized based on expectations of potential credit losses. The Group’s impairment of financial instruments policy is

described further in the section “Impairment of Loans and Provision for Off-Balance Sheet Positions (IFRS 9)”. The Group

applies settlement date accounting to financial assets measured at amortized cost.

Financial Assets at amortized cost include predominately Loans at amortized cost, Central bank funds sold and securities

purchased under resale agreements, Securities borrowed and certain receivables presented in Other Assets.

Modification of financial assets and financial liabilities

When the terms of a financial asset are renegotiated or modified and the modification does not result in derecognition, a

gain or loss is recognized in the income statement as the difference between the original contractual cash flows and the

modified cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate. The modified financial asset will continue to accrue

interest at its original EIR. When a modification results in derecognition the original instrument is derecognized and the

new instrument recognized at fair value.

Non-credit related or commercial renegotiations where an obligor has not experienced a significant increase in credit risk

since origination and has a readily exercisable right to early terminate the financial asset results in derecognition of the

original agreement and recognition of a new financial asset based on the newly negotiated commercial terms.

For credit related modifications (i.e., those modifications due to significant increase in credit risk since inception) or those

where the obligor does not have the readily exercisable right to early terminate, the Group assesses whether the

modified terms result in the financial asset being significantly modified and therefore derecognized. This assessment

includes a quantitative assessment of the impact of the change in cash flows from the modification of contractual terms

and additionally, where necessary, a qualitative assessment of the impact of the change in the contractual terms. Where

these modifications are not concluded to be significant, the financial asset is not derecognized and is accounted for as a

modification as described above.

214

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

If the changes are concluded to be significant, the old instrument is derecognized and a new instrument recognized. The

Group then recognizes a credit loss allowance based on 12-month expected credit losses. However, if following a

modification that results in a derecognition of the original financial asset, there is evidence that the new financial asset is

credit-impaired on initial recognition; then the new financial asset should be recognized as an originated credit-impaired

financial asset and initially classified in Stage 3 (refer to section “Impairment of Loans and Provision for Off-Balance

Sheet Positions” below).

When the terms of a financial liability are renegotiated or modified then the Group assesses whether the modified terms

result in the financial liability being significantly modified and therefore derecognized. This assessment includes a

quantitative assessment of the impact of the change in cash flows from the modification of contractual terms and

additionally, where necessary, a qualitative assessment of the impact of the change in the contractual terms. Where

these modifications are not concluded to be significant, the financial liability is not derecognized and a gain or loss is

recognized in the income statement as the difference between the original contractual cash flows and the modified cash

flows discounted at the original effective interest rate. Where there is derecognition the original financial liability is

derecognized and the new liability recognized at its fair value.

Loan commitments

Loan commitments remain off-balance sheet, unless allocated to the Other business model and presented as derivatives

held for trading. The Group does not recognize and measure changes in fair value of off-balance sheet loan

commitments that result from changes in market interest rates or credit spreads. However, as specified in the sections

“Impairment of Loans and Provision for Off-Balance Sheet Positions” below, these off-balance sheet loan commitments

are in scope of the IFRS 9 impairment model.

Financial liabilities

Under IFRS 9 financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for financial

liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include Trading Liabilities, Financial Liabilities Designated at Fair

Value through Profit or Loss and Non-Participating Investment Contracts (“Investment Contracts”). Under IFRS 9 they are

carried at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses included in net gains (losses) on financial assets and

liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. For financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit and loss the fair

value movements attributable to the Group’s own credit component for fair value movements is recognized in Other

Comprehensive Income.

The Group applies trade date accounting to financial liabilities classified at fair value through profit or loss.

Interest on interest paying liabilities are presented in interest expense for financial instruments at fair value through

profit or loss.

Trading liabilities - Financial liabilities that arise from debt issued are classified as held for trading if they have been

originated or incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing them in the near term. Trading liabilities consist

primarily of derivative liabilities and short positions. This also includes loan commitments where the resulting loan upon

funding is allocated to the other business model such that the undrawn loan commitment is classified as derivatives held

for trading.

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss - Certain financial liabilities that do not meet the

definition of trading liabilities are designated at fair value through profit or loss using the fair value option. To be

designated at fair value through profit or loss, financial liabilities must meet one of the following criteria: (1) the

designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency; (2) a group of financial

liabilities is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk

management or investment strategy; or (3) the instrument contains one or more embedded derivatives unless: (i) the

embedded derivative does not significantly modify the cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract; or

(ii) it is clear with little or no analysis that separation is prohibited. In addition, the Group allows the fair value option to be

designated only for those financial instruments for which a reliable estimate of fair value can be obtained. Financial

liabilities which are designated at fair value through profit or loss, under the fair value option, include repurchase

agreements, loan commitments and structured note liabilities.

215

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Investment contracts - All of the Group’s investment contracts are unit-linked contracts that match specific assets held

by the Group. The contracts oblige the Group to use these assets to settle investment contract liabilities. They do not

contain significant insurance risk or discretionary participation features. The contract liabilities are determined using

current unit prices multiplied by the number of units attributed to the contract holders as of the balance sheet date. As

this amount represents fair value, the liabilities have been classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or

loss. Deposits collected under investment contracts are accounted for as an adjustment to the investment contract

liabilities. Investment income attributable to investment contracts is included in the consolidated statement of Income.

Investment contract claims reflect the excess of amounts paid over the account balance released. Investment contract

policyholders are charged fees for policy administration, investment management, surrenders or other contract services.

Embedded derivatives

Some hybrid financial liability contracts contain both a derivative and a non-derivative component. In such cases, the

derivative component is termed an embedded derivative, with the non-derivative component representing the host

financial liability contract. If the economic characteristics and risks of embedded derivatives are not closely related to

those of the host financial liability contract and the hybrid financial liability contract itself is not carried at fair value

through profit or loss, the embedded derivative is bifurcated and reported at fair value, with gains and losses recognized

in net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The host financial liability contract

will continue to be accounted for in accordance with the appropriate accounting standard. The carrying amount of an

embedded derivative is reported in the same Consolidated balance sheet line item as the host financial liability contract.

Certain hybrid financial liability instruments have been designated at fair value through profit or loss using the fair value

option.

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost include long-term and short-term debt issued which are initially

measured at fair value, which is the consideration received, net of transaction costs incurred. Repurchases of issued debt

in the market are treated as extinguishments and any related gain or loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of

Income. A subsequent sale of own bonds in the market is treated as a reissuance of debt. The Group applies settlement

date accounting to financial liabilities measured at amortized cost.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amount presented in the Consolidated balance sheet, only if the

Group holds a currently enforceable legal right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a

net basis or to realize an asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legal right to set off the recognized amounts

must be enforceable in both the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of both

the Group and its counterparty. In all other situations they are presented gross. When financial assets and financial

liabilities are offset in the Consolidated balance sheet, the associated income and expense items will also be offset in the

Consolidated Statement of Income, unless specifically prohibited by an applicable accounting standard.

The majority of the offsetting applied by the Group relates to repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. For further

information please refer to Note 17 “Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”.

Determination of fair value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an arm’s length

transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of instruments that are quoted in

active markets is determined using the quoted prices where they represent those at which regularly and recently

occurring transactions take place.

The Group measures certain portfolios of financial assets and financial liabilities on the basis of their net risk exposures

when the following criteria are met:

–The group of financial assets and liabilities is managed on the basis of its net exposure to a particular market risk (or

risks) or to the credit risk of a particular counterparty, in accordance with a documented risk management strategy,

–The fair values are provided to key management personnel, and

–The financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

This portfolio valuation approach is consistent with how the Group manages its net exposures to market and

counterparty credit risks.

216

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Critical accounting estimates – The Group uses valuation techniques to establish the fair value of instruments where

prices quoted in active markets are not available. Therefore, where possible, parameter inputs to the valuation

techniques are based on observable data derived from prices of relevant instruments traded in an active market. These

valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgment, the degree of which will depend on

the price transparency for the instrument or market and the instrument’s complexity.

In reaching estimates of fair value management judgment needs to be exercised. The areas requiring significant

management judgment are identified, documented and reported to senior management as part of the valuation control

process and the standard monthly reporting cycle. The specialist model validation and valuation control groups focus

attention on the areas of subjectivity and judgment.

The level of management judgment required in establishing fair value of financial instruments for which there is a quoted

price in an active market is usually minimal. Similarly, there is little subjectivity or judgment required for instruments

valued using valuation models which are standard across the industry and where all parameter inputs are quoted in

active markets.

The level of subjectivity and degree of management judgment required is more significant for those instruments valued

using specialized and sophisticated models and where some or all of the parameter inputs are less liquid or less

observable. Management judgment is required in the selection and application of appropriate parameters, assumptions

and modelling techniques. In particular, where data are obtained from infrequent market transactions then extrapolation

and interpolation techniques must be applied. Where no market data are available for a particular instrument then

pricing inputs are determined by assessing other relevant sources of information such as historical data, fundamental

analysis of the economics of the transaction and proxy information from similar transactions and making appropriate

adjustment to reflect the actual instrument being valued and current market conditions. Where different valuation

techniques indicate a range of possible fair values for an instrument then management has to decide what point within

the range of estimates appropriately represents the fair value. Further, some valuation adjustments may require the

exercise of management judgment to achieve fair value.

Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be disclosed according to the inputs to the valuation

method that are used to determine their fair value. Specifically, segmentation is required between those valued using

quoted market prices in an active market (level 1), valuation techniques based on observable parameters (level 2) and

valuation techniques using significant unobservable parameters (level 3). Management judgment is required in

determining the category to which certain instruments should be allocated. This specifically arises when the valuation is

determined by a number of parameters, some of which are observable and others are not. Further, the classification of an

instrument can change over time to reflect changes in market liquidity and therefore price transparency.

The Group provides a sensitivity analysis of the impact upon the level 3 financial instruments of using a reasonably

possible alternative for the unobservable parameter. The determination of reasonably possible alternatives requires

significant management judgment.

For financial instruments measured at amortized cost (which include loans, deposits and short and long term debt issued)

the Group discloses the fair value. Generally, there is limited or no trading activity in these instruments and therefore the

fair value determination requires significant management judgment.

For further discussion of the valuation methods and controls and quantitative disclosures with respect to the

determination of fair value, please refer to Note 13 “Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value” and Note 14 “Fair Value

of Financial Instruments not carried at Fair Value”.

Recognition of trade date profit Trade date profit is recognized if the fair value of the financial instrument measured at

fair value through profit or loss is obtained from a quoted market price in an active market, or otherwise evidenced by

comparison to other observable current market transactions or based on a valuation technique incorporating observable

market data. If there are significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation technique, the financial instrument is

recognized at the transaction price and any profit implied from the valuation technique at trade date is deferred.

Using systematic methods, the deferred amount is recognized over the period between trade date and the date when the

market is expected to become observable, or over the life of the trade (whichever is shorter). Such methodology is used

because it reflects the changing economic and risk profile of the instrument as the market develops or as the instrument

itself progresses to maturity. Any remaining trade date deferred profit is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of

Income when the transaction becomes observable.

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Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Critical Accounting Estimates – Management judgment is required in determining whether there exist significant

unobservable inputs in the valuation technique of the underlying financial instrument (refer to section “Determination of

Fair Value” for management judgment required in establishing fair value of financial instruments). Once deferred, the

decision to subsequently recognize the trade date profit requires a careful assessment of the then current facts and

circumstances supporting observability of parameters and/or risk mitigation.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are used to manage exposures to interest rate, foreign currency, credit and other market price risks, including

exposures arising from forecast transactions. All freestanding contracts that are considered derivatives for accounting

purposes are carried at fair value on the Consolidated balance sheet regardless of whether they are held for trading or

non-trading purposes.

The changes in fair value on derivatives held for trading are included in net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at

fair value through profit or loss.

Hedge accounting

IFRS 9 includes an accounting policy choice to defer the adoption of IFRS 9 hedge accounting and to continue with

IAS 39 hedge accounting. The Group decided to exercise this accounting policy choice and did not adopt IFRS 9 hedge

accounting as of January 1, 2018.

For accounting purposes, the Group applies the following types of hedges:

–For hedges of changes in fair value, the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset, liability or unrecognized firm

commitment, or a portion thereof, attributable to the risk being hedged, are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of

Income along with changes in the entire fair value of the derivative. When hedging interest rate risk, any interest accrued

or paid on both the derivative and the hedged item is reported in interest income or expense and the unrealized gains and

losses from the hedge accounting fair value adjustments are reported in other revenue. Hedge ineffectiveness is reported

in other revenue and is measured as the net effect of changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument and changes in

the fair value of the hedged item arising from changes in the market rate or price related to the risk(s) being hedged.

–If a fair value hedge of a debt instrument is discontinued prior to the instrument’s maturity because the derivative is

terminated or the relationship is de-designated, any remaining interest rate-related fair value adjustments made to the

carrying amount of the debt instrument (basis adjustments) are amortized to interest income or expense over the

remaining term of the original hedging relationship. For other types of fair value adjustments and whenever a fair value

hedged asset or liability is sold or otherwise derecognized, any basis adjustments are included in the calculation of the

gain or loss on derecognition.

–For hedges of variability in future cash flows, there is no change to the accounting for the hedged item and the derivative

is carried at fair value, with changes in value reported initially in other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge is

effective. These amounts initially recorded in other comprehensive income are subsequently reclassified into the

Consolidated Statement of Income in the same periods during which the forecast transaction affects the Consolidated

Statement of Income. Thus, for hedges of interest rate risk, the amounts are amortized into interest income or expense at

the same time as the interest is accrued on the hedged transaction.

–Hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in other income and is measured as changes in the excess (if any) in the absolute

cumulative change in fair value of the actual hedging derivative over the absolute cumulative change in the fair value of

the hypothetically perfect hedge.

–When hedges of variability in cash flows attributable to interest rate risk are discontinued, amounts remaining in

accumulated other comprehensive income are amortized to interest income or expense over the remaining life of the

original hedge relationship, unless the hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur in which case the amount will be

reclassified into other income immediately. When hedges of variability in cash flows attributable to other risks are

discontinued, the related amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income are reclassified into either the same

Consolidated Statement of Income caption and period as profit or loss from the forecast transaction, or into other income

when the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur.

–For hedges of the translation adjustments resulting from translating the functional currency financial statements of

foreign operations (hedges of net investments in foreign operations) into the functional currency of the parent, the portion

of the change in fair value of the derivative due to changes in the spot foreign exchange rates is recorded as a foreign

currency translation adjustment in other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge is effective; the remainder is

recorded as other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Changes in fair value of the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge are subsequently

recognized in profit or loss on disposal of the foreign operations.

Hedging derivatives are reported as other assets and other liabilities. In the event that a derivative is subsequently de-

designated from a hedging relationship, it is transferred to financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

218

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Impairment of loans and provision for off-balance sheet positions

The impairment requirements of IFRS 9 apply to all credit exposures that are measured at amortized cost or FVOCI, and

to off balance sheet lending commitments such as loan commitments and financial guarantees. For purposes of the

impairment policy below, these instruments are referred to as (“Financial Assets”)

The determination of impairment losses under IFRS 9 uses an expected credit loss (“ECL”) model, where allowances are

taken upon initial recognition of the Financial Asset, based on expectations of potential credit losses at the time of initial

recognition.

Staged approach to the determination of expected credit losses

IFRS 9 states a three-stage approach to impairment for Financial Assets that are not credit-impaired at the date of

origination or purchase. This approach is summarized as follows:

–Stage 1: The Group recognizes a credit loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses for all

Financial Assets. This represents the portion of lifetime expected credit losses from default events that are expected

within 12 months of the reporting date, assuming that credit risk has not increased significantly after initial

recognition.

–Stage 2: The Group recognizes a credit loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses for those

Financial Assets which are considered to have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition.

This requires the determination of the ECL based on lifetime probability of default, lifetime loss given default and

lifetime exposure at default that represents the probability of default occurring over the remaining lifetime of the

Financial Asset. Allowance for credit losses are higher in this stage because of an increase in credit risk since

origination or purchase and the impact of a longer time horizon being considered compared to 12 months in Stage 1.

–Stage 3: The Group recognizes a loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses, reflecting a

Probability of Default of 100%, via the expected recoverable cash flows for the asset, for those Financial Assets that

are credit-impaired. The Group’s definition of default is aligned with the regulatory definition of default. Financial

Assets that are credit-impaired upon initial recognition are categorized within Stage 3 with a carrying value already

reflecting the lifetime expected credit losses. The accounting treatment for these purchased or originated credit-

impaired (“POCI”) assets is discussed further below.

ECL are calculated using three main parameters: probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at

default (EAD). These parameters are generally derived from internally developed statistical models combined with

historical, current and forward-looking information, including macro-economic data. The 12-month and lifetime PD

represent the expected point-in-time probability of a default over the next 12 months and remaining expected lifetime

of the financial instrument, respectively, based on conditions existing at the balance sheet date and future economic

conditions that affect credit risk. The LGD represents expected loss conditional on default, incorporating the mitigating

effect of collateral, its expected value when realized and the time value of money. The EAD represents the expected

exposure at default, factoring in the repayment of principal and interest from the balance sheet date to the default event

together with any expected drawdown of a facility.

Forward-Looking Information is incorporated into the measurement of the Group Allowance for Credit Losses in terms of

adjustments to multi-year PD curves based on macro-economic forecasts.

The Group’s ECL model is used to calculate the allowance for credit losses for all financial assets in Stage 1 and Stage 2,

as well as for Stage 3 in the homogeneous portfolio (i.e., retail and small business loans with similar credit risk

characteristics). For financial assets in the bank’s non-homogeneous portfolio in Stage 3 and for POCI assets, the

allowance for credit losses is determined individually by credit officers.

Significant increase in credit risk

When determining whether the credit risk (i.e., risk of default) of a Financial Asset has increased significantly since initial

recognition, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue

cost or effort. This includes quantitative and qualitative information based on the Group’s historical experience, credit

risk assessment and forward-looking information (including macro-economic factors). The assessment of significant

credit deterioration is key in determining when to move from measuring an allowance based on 12-month ECLs to one

that is based on lifetime ECLs (i.e., transfer from Stage 1 to Stage 2).

The Group’s framework for determining if there has been a significant increase in credit risk aligns with the internal Credit

Risk Management (“CRM”) process and utilizes:

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Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

–Rating related indicators – based on a model that compares lifetime probability of default (PD) at the reporting date

with the lifetime PD expectations at the date of initial recognition and subsequently applies a quantile approach to

determine a threshold to define the trigger point for a financial asset’s transition into Stage 2; and

–Process related indicators – which uses existing risk management indicators, that in Management’s view represent

situations where the credit risk of financial assets has significantly increased. These include obligors being added to a

credit watchlist, being mandatorily transferred to workout status, payments being 30 days or more past due or in

forbearance.

These indicators are discussed further in section “IFRS 9 Impairment” in the Risk Report.

Credit-impaired financial assets in Stage 3

The Group has aligned its definition of credit-impaired under IFRS 9 to when a Financial Asset has defaulted for

regulatory purposes, according to the Capital Requirements Regulation under Art. 178.

The determination of whether a Financial Asset is credit-impaired and therefore in Stage 3 focuses exclusively on default

risk, without taking into consideration the effects of credit risk mitigants such as collateral or guarantees. Specifically, a

Financial Asset is credit-impaired and in Stage 3 when:

–The Group considers the obligor is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Group. Determination may include

forbearance actions, where a concession has been granted to the borrower or economic or legal reasons that are

qualitative indicators of credit-impairment; or

–Contractual payments of either principal or interest by the obligor are past due by more than 90 days.

For Financial Assets considered to be credit-impaired, the ECL allowance covers the amount of loss the Group is

expected to suffer. The estimation of ECLs is undertaken on a case-by-case basis for non-homogeneous portfolios, or by

applying portfolio based parameters to individual Financial Assets in these portfolios via the Group’s ECL model for

homogeneous portfolios. This estimate includes the use of discounted cash flows that are adjusted for scenarios.

Forecasts of future economic conditions when calculating ECLs are considered. The lifetime expected losses are

estimated based on the probability-weighted present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that

are due to the Group under the contract; and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive.

A Financial Asset can be classified as credit-impaired in Stage 3 but without an allowance for credit losses (i.e., no

impairment loss is expected). This may be due to the value of collateral. The Group’s engine based ECL calculation is

conducted on a monthly basis, whereas the case-by-case assessment of ECL in Stage 3 for non-homogeneous portfolio

has to be performed at least on a quarterly basis.

Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets in Stage 3

A Financial Asset is considered purchased or originated credit-impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment at

the time of initial recognition. Such credit-impaired Financial Assets are termed POCI Financial Assets. POCI Financial

Assets are measured to reflect lifetime expected credit losses, and all subsequent changes in lifetime expected credit

losses, whether positive or negative, are recognized in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit

losses. POCI Financial Assets can only be classified in Stage 3 over the life of the Financial Asset.

Write-offs

The Group reduces the gross carrying amount of a Financial Asset when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery.

Write-offs can relate to a Financial Asset in its entirety, or to a portion of it, and constitute a derecognition event. The

Group considers all relevant information in making this determination, including but not limited to:

–Foreclosure actions taken by the Group which have not been successful or have a high probability of not being

successful

–Collateral liquidation which has not, or will not lead to further considerable recoveries

–Situations where no further recoveries are reasonably expected

Write-offs can take place before legal actions against the borrower to recover the debt have been concluded, and a

write-off does not involve the Group forfeiting its legal right to recover the debt.

220

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Interest rate used in the IFRS 9 model

In the context of the ECL calculation, the Group applies in line with IFRS 9 an approximation of the EIR, which is usually

the contractual interest rate (“CIR”) and which does not materially differ from the EIR. The CIR is deemed to be an

appropriate approximation, as the interest rate is consistently used in the ECL model, interest recognition and for

discounting of the ECL.

Collateral for financial assets considered in the impairment analysis

IFRS 9 requires cash flows expected from collateral and other credit enhancement to be reflected in the ECL calculation.

The following are key aspects with respect to collateral and guarantees:

–Eligibility of collateral, i.e., which collateral should be considered in the ECL calculation;

–Collateral evaluation, i.e., what collateral (liquidation) value should be used; and

–Projection of the available collateral amount over the life of a transaction.

These concepts are outlined in more detail in section “IFRS 9 Impairment” in the Risk Report.

Critical accounting estimates – The accounting estimates and judgments related to the impairment of Financial Assets is

a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions used can change from period to period and may

significantly affect the Group’s results of operations.

In assessing assets for impairments, management judgment is required, particularly in projecting forward-looking

information and scenarios in particular in circumstances of economic and financial uncertainty, when developments and

changes to expected cash flows can occur both with greater rapidity and less predictability. The actual amount of the

future cash flows and their timing may differ from the estimates used by management and consequently may cause

actual losses to differ from reported allowances.

For those non-homogeneous loans in Stage 3 the determination of the impairment allowance often requires the use of

considerable judgment concerning such matters as local economic conditions, the financial performance of the

counterparty and the value of any collateral held, for which there may not be a readily accessible market.

The determination of the expected credit losses in Stages 1 and 2 and for homogeneous loans in Stage 3 is calculated

using the Group’s ECL model. The model incorporates numerous estimates and judgments. The Group performs a regular

review of the model and underlying data and assumptions. The probability of defaults, loss recovery rates and judgments

concerning ability of borrowers in foreign countries to transfer the foreign currency necessary to comply with debt

repayments, amongst other things, are incorporated into this review. Management judgement is required over the

following critical accounting estimates:

221

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

–Forward-Looking Information: The identification of key macro-economic variables (MEVs) reflects a balance of

quantitative and qualitative judgements. Statistical analysis, including for example, back-testing and model

sensitivities, are performed to assess the explanatory power of MEVs, while expert input from credit officers ensures

management comfort in the overall model behavior. The final model parameterization is based on a review and

challenge of impacts in internal governance forums and an independent validation performed by the Model Risk

Management function. Furthermore, conceptual soundness of the estimation approach is ensured by model testing

analysis prepared as part of model changes and an ongoing monitoring framework in order for the ECL provision to

reflect management’s best estimate in the calculation of expected credit losses.

–Significant Increase in Credit Risk: In line with the section “IFRS 9 Impairment” in the Risk Report, the Group uses

rating-related indicators to determine whether a financial asset’s credit risk has significantly increased since inception.

For financial assets in non-homogeneous portfolios the ratings are determined for every counterparty individually

based on credit officer’s expert judgement. For financial assets in the homogeneous portfolios (due to the large

number of client relationships) the rating process is significantly automated with less judgement required by credit

officers on individual counterparties. For both homogeneous and non-homogenous portfolios the rating-related

indicators to determine whether the credit risk for a financial asset has significantly increased are based on a model

that compares lifetime PDs at the reporting date with the lifetime PD expectations at the date of initial recognition

and subsequently applying a quantile approach to determine a threshold which defines the trigger point for a

financial asset’s transition into Stage 2. The determination of the quantile to define Stage 2 thresholds are determined

by subject matter experts in the Group’s Risk function. This represents one of the key critical judgments in the Group’s

IFRS 9 framework and is reviewed on an annual basis based on detailed stage-mover analyses, benchmarking with

historical behaviors and peer comparisons.

–Stage 3 Loss Given Default (LGD) Setting for Homogeneous Portfolios: The allowance for credit losses in Stage 3 is

determined for the Group’s homogeneous portfolios by an automated process based on partially time dependent

LGDs reflecting the lower recovery expectation the longer the client is in default, thereby differentiating between

secured and unsecured exposures. The LGDs are calibrated using the Group’s loss history built up over preceding

decades, experienced market prices of non-performing portfolios sold and expert judgement. In the case of less

material portfolios, the empirical calibration of the LGD is partially supported by expert credit officer judgements,

especially for determining the client cure rates as one of the key inputs. The LGD settings are validated on an annual

basis and are regularly reviewed by the Group’s independent model validation process which is part of the Model Risk

Management function.

–Model adjustments: The Group regularly reviews key inputs into the ECL calculation and discusses potential model

imprecision to assess the need for corrective measures in the form of overlays. Overlays are an essential output of

management judgment which feeds into the model. On a quarterly basis, a senior management forum discusses the

need for the recognition and/or the release of overlays. The discussion will be based on an overview of potential

reasons which might require an overlay considering specific trigger points. The ultimate decision for creating overlays

is jointly made by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Chief Risk Officer (CRO).

The quantitative disclosures are provided in Note 18 “Loans” and Note 19 “Allowance for credit losses” as well as the Risk

Report, section “IFRS 9 Impairment”, sub-section “Model Sensitivity”.

222

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

Financial asset derecognition

A financial asset is considered for derecognition when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset

expire, or the Group has either transferred the contractual right to receive the cash flows from that asset or has assumed

an obligation to pay those cash flows to one or more recipients, subject to certain criteria.

The Group derecognizes a transferred financial asset if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

The Group enters into transactions in which it transfers previously recognized financial assets but retains substantially all

the associated risks and rewards of those assets; for example, a sale to a third party in which the Group enters into a

concurrent total return swap with the same counterparty. These types of transactions are accounted for as secured

financing transactions.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. If an

existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of the

existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original

liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the

Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain OTC derivative contracts and most exchange-traded futures and option contracts cleared through central

clearing counterparties and exchanges have payment or receipt of variation margin on a daily basis that represents legal

or economic settlement of the outstanding derivative’s present value. This results in derecognition of the associated

derivative financial asset and financial liabilities.

Repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements

Securities purchased under resale agreements (“reverse repurchase agreements”) and securities sold under agreements

to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) are treated as collateralized financings and are recognized initially at fair value,

being the amount of cash disbursed and received, respectively.

The Group allocates reverse repurchase portfolios that are managed on a fair value basis to the other business model

under IFRS 9 and classifies them as “Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss”.

Interest earned on reverse repurchase agreements and interest incurred on repurchase agreements is reported as

interest income and interest expense, respectively.Securities borrowed and securities loaned

Securities borrowed transactions generally require the Group to deposit cash with the securities lender. In a securities

loaned transaction, the Group generally receives either cash collateral, in an amount equal to or in excess of the market

value of securities loaned, or securities.

The securities borrowed are not themselves recognized in the financial statements. If they are sold to third parties, the

obligation to return the securities is recorded as a financial liability at fair value through profit or loss and any subsequent

gain or loss is included in the Consolidated Statement of Income in net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair

value through profit or loss. Securities lent to counterparties are also retained on the Consolidated balance sheet.

The Group records the amount of cash advanced or received as securities borrowed and securities loaned, respectively,

in the Consolidated balance sheet.

Fees received or paid are reported in interest income and interest expense, respectively. Securities lent to counterparties

which are not derecognized from the Consolidated balance sheet and where the counterparty has the right by contract

or custom to sell or repledge the collateral are disclosed in Note 20 “Transfer of Financial Assets, Assets Pledged and

Received as Collateral”.

223

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and associates and represents the excess of the aggregate of the cost of

an acquisition and any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired

at the date of the acquisition.

For the purpose of calculating goodwill, fair values of acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are determined

by reference to market values or by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. This discounting is either

performed using market rates or by using risk-free rates and risk-adjusted expected future cash flows. Any

noncontrolling interests in the acquiree are measured either at fair value or at the noncontrolling interests’ proportionate

share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets (this is determined for each business combination).

Goodwill on the acquisition of subsidiaries is capitalized and reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if there

are indications that impairment may have occurred. For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a

business combination is allocated to cash-generating units (“CGUs”), which are the smallest identifiable groups of assets

that generate cash inflows largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets and that are

expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination and considering the business level at which goodwill is

monitored for internal management purposes. In identifying whether cash inflows from an asset (or a group of assets) are

largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets (or groups of assets) various factors are considered, including

how management monitors the entity’s operations or makes decisions about continuing or disposing of the entity’s

assets and operations.

If goodwill has been allocated to a CGU and an operation within that unit is disposed of, the attributable goodwill is

included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on its disposal.

Corporate assets are allocated to a CGU when the allocation can be done on a reasonable and consistent basis. If this is

not possible, the individual CGU is tested without the corporate assets. They are then tested on the level of the minimum

collection of CGUs to which they can be allocated on a reasonable and consistent basis.

Intangible assets are recognized separately from goodwill when they are separable or arise from contractual or other

legal rights and their fair value can be measured reliably. Intangible assets that have a finite useful life are stated at cost

less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Customer-related intangible assets that have a

finite useful life are amortized over periods of between 1 and 15 years on a straight-line basis based on their expected

useful life. These assets are tested for impairment and their useful lives reaffirmed at least annually.

Certain intangible assets have an indefinite useful life and hence are not amortized, but are tested for impairment at least

annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred.

224

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized if it is probable that future economic

benefits will flow to the Group and the cost can be measured reliably. Capitalized costs are amortized using the straight-

line method over the asset’s useful life which is deemed to be either three, five or ten years. Eligible costs include

external direct costs for materials and services, as well as payroll and payroll-related costs for employees directly

associated with an internal-use software project. Overhead costs, as well as costs incurred during the research phase or

after software is ready for use, are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software costs are tested for impairment either

annually if still under development or any time when there is an indication of impairment once the software is in use.

Critical accounting estimates – The determination of the recoverable amount in the impairment assessment of non-

financial assets requires estimates based on quoted market prices, prices of comparable businesses, present value or

other valuation techniques (such as the cost approach), or a combination thereof, necessitating management to make

subjective judgments and assumptions. Because these estimates and assumptions could result in significant differences

to the amounts reported if underlying circumstances were to change, the Group considers these estimates to be critical.

The quantitative disclosures are provided in Note 23 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”.

Provisions

Provisions are recognized if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, if it is

probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the

amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation

as of the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party

(for example, because the obligation is covered by an insurance policy), an asset is recognized if it is virtually certain that

reimbursement will be received.

If the Group has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is recognized and measured as a

provision. An onerous contract is a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract

exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.

Critical accounting estimates –The use of estimates is important in determining provisions for potential losses that may

arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings. The Group estimates and provides for potential losses that may arise out

of litigation and regulatory proceedings to the extent that such losses are probable and can be estimated, in accordance

with IAS 37, “Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”. Significant judgment is required in making these

estimates and the Group’s final liabilities may ultimately be materially different.

Contingencies in respect of legal matters are subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of individual matters is not

predictable with assurance. Significant judgment is required in assessing probability and making estimates in respect of

contingencies, and the Group’s final liability may ultimately be materially different. The Group’s total liability in respect

of litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of

probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, the Group’s experience and the

experience of others in similar cases, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. Predicting the outcome of the Group’s

litigation matters is inherently difficult, particularly in cases in which claimants seek substantial or indeterminate

damages. See Note 27 “Provisions” for further information on the uncertainties from the Group’s judicial, regulatory and

arbitration proceedings.

225

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Income taxes

The Group recognizes the current and deferred tax consequences of transactions that have been included in the

consolidated financial statements using the provisions of the respective jurisdictions’ tax laws. Current and deferred

taxes are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that the tax relates to items that are recognized directly in

equity or other comprehensive income in which case the related tax is recognized either directly in equity or other

comprehensive income accordingly.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences

between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, unused

tax losses and unused tax credits. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient

taxable profit will be available against which those unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary

differences can be utilized. As an exception to the aforementioned requirements, an entity shall neither recognize nor

disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period that the

asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively

enacted at the balance sheet date.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset when (1) they arise from the same tax reporting entity or tax group of reporting

entities, (2) the legally enforceable right to offset exists and (3) they are intended to be settled net or realized

simultaneously.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities

exists and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxing authority on either the

same tax reporting entity or tax group of reporting entities.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided on taxable temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, branches

and associates and interests in joint ventures except when the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is

controlled by the Group and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income

tax assets are provided on deductible temporary differences arising from such investments only to the extent that it is

probable that the differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and sufficient taxable income will be available against

which those temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred tax related to fair value remeasurement of financial assets classified as FVTOCI, cash flow hedges and other

items, which are charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income, is also credited or charged directly to

other comprehensive income and subsequently recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income once the

underlying transaction or event to which the deferred tax relates is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

For share-based payment transactions, the Group may receive a tax deduction related to the compensation paid in

shares. The amount deductible for tax purposes may differ from the cumulative compensation expense recorded. At any

reporting date, the Group must estimate the expected future tax deduction based on the current share price. The

associated current and deferred tax consequences are recognized as income or expense in the consolidated statement

of Income for the period. If the amount deductible, or expected to be deductible, for tax purposes exceeds the

cumulative compensation expense, the excess tax benefit is recognized directly in equity.

Critical accounting estimates – In determining the amount of deferred tax assets, the Group uses historical tax capacity

and profitability information and, if relevant, forecasted operating results based upon approved business plans, including

a review of the eligible carry-forward periods, available tax planning opportunities and other relevant considerations. The

analysis of the historical tax capacity includes the determination as to whether a period of past profits or a history of

recent losses exists at the reporting date. The determination of a period of past profits or a history of recent losses is

based on the pre-tax results adjusted for permanent differences and typically covers the current and the two preceding

financial years. Each quarter, the Group re-evaluates its estimate related to deferred tax assets.

The Group believes that the accounting estimate related to the deferred tax assets is a critical accounting estimate

because the underlying assumptions can change from period to period and requires significant management judgment.

For example, tax law changes, changes in the historical tax capacity or variances in future projected operating

performance could result in a change of the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset. If the Group was not able to realize

all or part of its net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to its deferred tax assets would be charged to income

tax expense or directly to equity in the period such determination was made. If the Group was to recognize previously

unrecognized deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to its deferred tax asset would be credited to income tax

expense or directly to equity in the period such determination was made.

226

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

The use of estimates is also important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from uncertain income

tax positions. The Group estimates and provides for potential losses that may arise out of uncertain income tax positions,

in accordance with IAS 12, “Income Taxes” and IFRIC 23, “Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment”. Significant judgment

is required in making these estimates and the Group’s final liabilities may ultimately be materially different.

For further information on the Group’s income taxes (including quantitative disclosures on recognized deferred tax

assets) see Note 34 “Income Taxes”.

Business combinations and noncontrolling Interests

The Group uses the acquisition method to account for business combinations. At the date the Group obtains control of

the subsidiary, the cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the consideration given, including any cash or

non-cash consideration (equity instruments) transferred, any contingent consideration, any previously held equity

interest in the acquiree and liabilities incurred or assumed. The excess of the aggregate of the cost of an acquisition and

any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree over the Group’s share of the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired

is recorded as goodwill. If the aggregate of the acquisition cost and any noncontrolling interests is below the fair value of

the identifiable net assets (negative goodwill), a gain is reported in other income. Acquisition-related costs are

recognized as expenses in the period in which they are incurred.

In business combinations achieved in stages (“step acquisitions”), a previously held equity interest in the acquiree is

remeasured to its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in profit or loss. Amounts

recognized in prior periods in other comprehensive income associated with the previously held investment would be

recognized on the same basis as would be required if the Group had directly disposed of the previously held equity

interest.

Noncontrolling interests are shown in the consolidated balance sheet as a separate component of equity, which is

distinct from the Group’s shareholders’ equity. The net income attributable to noncontrolling interests is separately

disclosed on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income. Changes in the ownership interest in subsidiaries which

do not result in a change of control are treated as transactions between equity holders and are reported in additional

paid-in capital (“APIC”).

Non-current assets held for sale

Individual non-current assets (and disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if they are available for immediate sale

in their present condition subject only to the customary sales terms of such assets (and disposal groups) and their sale is

considered highly probable. For a sale to be highly probable, management must be committed to a sales plan and be

actively looking for a buyer and has no substantive regulatory approvals outstanding. Furthermore, the assets (and

disposal groups) must be actively marketed at a reasonable sales price in relation to their current fair value and the sale

should be expected to be completed within one year. Non-current non-financial assets (and disposal groups) which meet

the criteria for held for sale classification are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs of

disposal and are presented within “Other assets” and “Other liabilities” in the balance sheet. Financial assets and

liabilities meeting the criteria continue to be measured in accordance with IFRS 9. The comparatives are not restated

when non-current assets (and disposal groups) are classified as held for sale.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment includes own-use properties, leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment and software

(operating systems only). Right-of-use assets are presented together with property and equipment on the Group’s

consolidated balance sheet. Own-use properties are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated

impairment losses. Depreciation is generally recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of

the assets. The range of estimated useful lives is 25 to 50 years for property and 3 to 10 years for furniture and

equipment (including initial improvements to purchased buildings). Leasehold improvements are capitalized and

subsequently depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease and the estimated useful life

of the improvement, which generally ranges from 3 to 25 years. Depreciation of property and equipment is included in

general and administrative expenses. Maintenance and repairs are also charged to general and administrative expenses.

Gains and losses on disposals are included in other income.

Property and equipment are assessed for any indication of impairment at each quarterly reporting date. If such indication

exists, the recoverable amount, which is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use, must be estimated

and an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount. Value in

use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset. After the recognition of

impairment of an asset, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future periods to reflect the asset’s revised carrying

amount. If an impairment is later reversed, the depreciation charge is adjusted prospectively.

227

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Financial guarantees

Financial guarantee contracts are contracts that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder

for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt

instrument.

Financial guarantees written

The Group has chosen to apply the fair value option to certain written financial guarantees that are managed on a fair

value basis. Financial guarantees that the Group has not designated at fair value are initially recognized at fair value on

the date the guarantee is given. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Group’s liabilities under such guarantees are

measured at the higher of the amount initially recognized, less cumulative amortization, and the best estimate of the

expenditure required to settle any financial obligation as of the balance sheet date. These estimates are determined by

management based on experience with similar transactions and history of past losses.

Any increase in the liability relating to guarantees is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income in provision for

credit losses.

Financial guarantees purchased

Purchased financial guarantees result in reimbursements under IAS 37 to the extent that the financial guarantee is

entered into to mitigate the credit exposure from debt instruments with HTC or HTC&S business models. This results in

recognition of a reimbursement asset for subsequent increases in the expected credit losses, to the extent it is virtually

certain that the purchased financial guarantee will reimburse the Group for the loss incurred. Accordingly, when the

credit risk of the borrower significantly deteriorates a reimbursement asset is recognized equal to the life-time expected

credit losses and is presented as Other Assets in the Group’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The corresponding

reimbursement gain is recognized as a reduction in the Provision for credit losses in the Group’s Consolidated Statement

of Income.

Purchased financial guarantees entered into to mitigate credit exposure from debt instruments allocated to HTC or

HTC&S business models may also be embedded in Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLO’s) issued by the Group. Such

embedded guarantees are not accounted for separately as a reimbursement asset and are instead accounted as part of

the CLO’s liability held at amortized cost. The Group regularly revises its estimated contractual redemption payment

(including the benefit of such embedded guarantees) from the CLO when the credit risk of a borrower covered by the

embedded financial guarantee in the CLO significantly deteriorates. The revision is based on the life-time expected

credit losses of the debt instrument (to the extent covered by the CLO).

Purchased financial guarantees entered into to mitigate credit exposure from debt instruments included in the Other

business model are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss.

Leasing transactions

The Group enters into lease contracts, predominantly for land and buildings, as a lessee. Other categories are company

cars and technical/IT equipment.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease

commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement

date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments

made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re-measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease

term or a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used

to determine such lease payments).

Right-of-use assets are assessed for any indication of impairment at each quarterly reporting date. If such indication

exists, the recoverable amount, which is the fair value less costs of disposal, must be estimated and an impairment

charge is recorded to the extent the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount. As right-of-use assets do not

have independently generated cash flows to calculate its value in use, the Group considers any sublease income that

could reasonably be earned. After the recognition of impairment of an asset, the depreciation charge is adjusted in future

periods to reflect the asset’s revised carrying amount. If an impairment is later reversed, the depreciation charge is

adjusted prospectively.

The Group presents right-of-use assets in “Property and Equipment” and lease liabilities in “Other Liabilities”.

228

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases, i.e., those leases that have a lease

term of 12 months or less from the commencement date. It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition

exemption to leases of technical/IT equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases

and leases of low value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Employee benefits

Pension benefits

The Group provides a number of pension plans. In addition to defined contribution plans, there are retirement benefit

plans accounted for as defined benefit plans. The assets of all the Group’s defined contribution plans are held in

independently administered funds. Contributions are generally determined as a percentage of salary and are expensed

based on employee services rendered, generally in the year of contribution.

All retirement benefit plans accounted for as defined benefit plans are valued using the projected unit-credit method to

determine the present value of the defined benefit obligation and the related service costs. Under this method, the

determination is based on actuarial calculations which include assumptions about demographics, salary increases and

interest and inflation rates. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented in

equity in the period in which they occur. The majority of the Group’s benefit plans is funded.

For the Group’s most significant pension plans in the key countries, the discount rate used at each measurement date is

set based on a high-quality corporate bond yield curve – derived based on bond universe information sourced from

reputable third-party index data providers and rating agencies – reflecting the timing, amount and currency of the future

expected benefit payments for the respective plan.

Other post-employment benefits

In addition, the Group maintains unfunded contributory post-employment medical plans for a number of current and

retired employees who are mainly located in the United States. These plans pay stated percentages of eligible medical

and dental expenses of retirees after a stated deductible has been met. The Group funds these plans on a cash basis as

benefits are due. Analogous to retirement benefit plans these plans are valued using the projected unit-credit method.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in other comprehensive income and

presented in equity.

Refer to Note 33 “Employee Benefits” for further information on the accounting for pension benefits and other post-

employment benefits.

Termination benefits

Termination benefits arise when employment is terminated by the Group before the normal retirement date or whenever

an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Group recognizes termination benefits as

a liability and an expense if the Group is demonstrably committed to a detailed formal plan without realistic possibility of

withdrawal. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, termination benefits are measured based

on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than twelve months after the end of

the reporting period are discounted to their present value. The discount rate is determined by reference to market yields

on high-quality corporate bonds.

229

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Share-based compensation

Compensation expense for awards classified as equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value

of the share-based award. For share awards, the fair value is the quoted market price of the share reduced by the present

value of the expected dividends that will not be received by the employee and adjusted for the effect, if any, of

restrictions beyond the vesting date. In case an award is modified such that its fair value immediately after modification

exceeds its fair value immediately prior to modification, a remeasurement takes place and the resulting increase in fair

value is recognized as additional compensation expense.

The Group records the offsetting amount to the recognized compensation expense in additional paid-in capital (“APIC”).

Compensation expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the period in which employees perform services to which

the awards relate or over the period of the tranches for those awards delivered in tranches. Estimates of expected

forfeitures are periodically adjusted in the event of actual forfeitures or for changes in expectations. The timing of

expense recognition relating to grants which, due to early retirement provisions, include a nominal but non-substantive

service period are accelerated by shortening the amortization period of the expense from the grant date to the date

when the employee meets the eligibility criteria for the award, and not the vesting date. For awards that are delivered in

tranches, each tranche is considered a separate award and amortized separately.

Compensation expense for share-based awards payable in cash is remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date

and recognized over the vesting period in which the related employee services are rendered. The related obligations are

included in other liabilities until paid.

Other deferred compensation plans

Compensation expense for other deferred compensation plans is recorded on a straight-line basis over the period in

which employees perform services to which the awards relate or over the period of the tranches for those awards

delivered in tranches. For awards that are delivered in tranches, each tranche is considered a separate award and

amortized separately. The amount recognized is based on the present value of the amount expected to be paid under the

respective plan and is remeasured at each reporting date. The ultimate cumulative compensation expense recognized

equals the cash or the fair value of the respective financial instruments delivered.

Government grants

The Group recognizes income from government grants when there is reasonable assurance that it will receive the grant

and will comply with the conditions attached to the grant. The benefit is recognized in the period in which the grant is

intended to compensate the Group for related costs and presented as a reduction of the related expense.

Options and forwards on common shares

Option and forward contracts on Deutsche Bank shares are classified as equity if the number of shares is fixed and

physical settlement is required. All other contracts in which Deutsche Bank shares are the underlying are recorded as

financial assets or liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

230

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	01 — Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates

Consolidated statement of cash flows

The consolidated statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method, which adjusts Profit (loss)

for non-cash transactions within operating activities and distinguishes the classification of cash flows between operating,

investing, or financing activities depending on the business model and the related activities which are most appropriate

to the business.

For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, the Group’s cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid

investments that are readily convertible into cash, and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. Such

investments include cash and balances at central banks and demand deposits with banks.

There are various circumstances in which cash and cash equivalent balances held by Deutsche Bank are not available for

use by the Group. Examples include cash and cash equivalent balances held by a subsidiary that operates in a country

where exchange controls or other legal restrictions apply such that the balances are not available for general use by the

Group or its subsidiaries.

Due to the nature of Deutsche Bank’s business model of providing financing to clients, cash flows related to long-term

debt support the bank’s operating activities and are included as a component of operating activities. In contrast, cash

flows related to transactions on own equity transactions as well as subordinated long-term debt and trust preferred

securities are presented as financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. These financial instruments

are viewed differently from those related to senior-long term debt because they are managed as an integral part of the

Group’s capital, primarily to meet regulatory capital requirements. As a result, these financial instruments are not

interchangeable with other operating liabilities but can only be interchanged with equity and thus are considered part of

the financing category. Financial instruments (including reverse repurchase agreements) held for liquidity purposes are

presented as a component of investment activities.

The Group’s adjustments for certain non-cash transactions to Profit (loss) includes provisions for credit losses,

restructuring activities, deferred income taxes and impairments, depreciations, amortization, and accretions, which also

includes amortization of hedge adjustments.

For certain other non-cash transactions which are more difficult to distinguish, all movements in the operating assets and

liabilities balance sheet line items are included in operating activities and are offset against the amount recognized in

Profit (loss). For example, unrealized fair value changes for trading assets and liabilities held at fair value through profit

and loss are included in operating activities and do not distinguish between cash and non-cash market movements. This

also applies to foreign exchange movements realized in the income statement when translating the transaction currency

to the entity’s functional currency. These non-cash foreign exchange movements are included in the respective asset or

liability line item in operating activities.

In addition, hedge adjustments to the carrying amount of non-derivative instruments (e.g., loans at amortized cost,

deposits and senior long-term debt) that arise from the application of fair value hedge accounting are not separately

disclosed as non-cash adjusting items, but included in the respective balance sheet line item in operating activities.

These amounts are netted in operating activities against the non-cash amount recognized in Profit (loss).

The amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows do not necessarily match the movements in the

consolidated balance sheet from one period to the next as they exclude certain non-cash items such as foreign exchange

impacts when translating to the Group’s reporting currency, gross charge-offs on loans and movements due to changes

in the Group’s consolidated entities.

The position “Other, net” presented in operating activities predominantly includes movements in (i) the application of

cash flow hedge accounting or certain fair value hedge relationships where the hedged item is presented in investing

activities but the hedging instrument is presented operating activities; and (ii) non-cash related foreign exchange

translation effects on monetary Group intercompany transactions that are recognized in the Group’s consolidated

statement of income; along with foreign exchange translation effects of converting transactional currency to functional

currency, for certain balance sheet line items included in investing activities.

231

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	02 — Recently adopted and new accounting pronouncementss

02 — Recently adopted and new accounting pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

The following are those accounting pronouncements which are relevant to the Group and which have been adopted

during 2025 in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements.

IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates

On January 1, 2025, the Group adopted amendments to IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates” that

contains guidance to specify when a currency is exchangeable and how to determine the exchange rate when it is not. It

also requires the disclosure of additional information when a currency is not exchangeable. The amendments did not

have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

New accounting pronouncements

The following accounting pronouncements were not effective as of December 31, 2025, and therefore have not been

applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements”

In April 2024, the IASB issued the new standard IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements” that

replaces IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements”. IFRS 18 contains new guidance on how to structure the Income

Statement as well as disclosure requirements for Management-defined Performance Measures (MPMs).

The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted.

The Group does not expect a material impact of IFRS 18 on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 19 “Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures”

In May 2024, the IASB issued the new standard IFRS 19 “Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures”. The

new standard permits a subsidiary to provide reduced disclosures when applying IFRS Accounting Standards in its

financial statements. In August 2025, the IASB issued amendments to the not yet effective standard which cover new or

amended IFRS Accounting Standards issued between February 28, 2021, and May 01, 2024, that were not considered

when IFRS 19 was first issued.

The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted.

The Group does not expect a material impact of IFRS 19 on the disclosure requirements of its subsidiaries. The new

standard has yet to be endorsed by the EU.

IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” and IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures”

In May 2024, the IASB has issued “Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments

(Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7)” to address matters identified during the post-implementation review of the

classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”. On electronic payment systems, the

amendments permit to deem a financial liability (or part of it) to be derecognized before the settlement date if specified

criteria are met. Further, the amendments provide extended guidance on basic lending agreements, assets with non-

recourse features and contractually linked instruments. Disclosures have been amended for contractual terms that could

change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows.

The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026, with early adoption permitted.

The Group does not expect a material impact of the amendments on classification and measurement of financial

instruments as well as on its disclosures.

Annual Improvements to IFRS

In July 2024, the IASB issued amendments to multiple IFRS standards, which resulted from the IASB’s annual

improvements project. These comprise changes in terminology as well as editorial amendments related to IFRS 1 “First-

time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”, IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures” and its

accompanying Guidance on implementing IFRS 7, IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial

Statements” and IAS 7 “Statement of Cash-Flows”.

232

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	02 — Recently adopted and new accounting pronouncementss

The amendments will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026, with early adoption

permitted. The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial

statements.

Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity

In December 2024, the IASB issued “Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity (Amendments to IFRS 9 and

IFRS 7)” to address matters identified for contracts referencing to nature-dependent electricity. The own-use

requirements in IFRS 9 are to be amended to include the factors an entity is required to consider for which the source of

production of the electricity is nature-dependent. The hedge accounting requirements in IFRS 9 are to be amended to

permit an entity using a contract for nature-dependent renewable electricity with a variable volume of forecast

electricity transactions as the hedged item as well as for measuring hedge effectiveness. The IASB further amends IFRS 7

and IFRS 19 to introduce disclosure requirements about contracts for nature-dependent electricity with specified

characteristics.

The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026, with early adoption permitted.

The Group does not have significant exposure to electricity purchase contracts and thus does not expect a material

impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates: Translation to a Hyperinflationary

Presentation Currency”

In November 2025, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates” to clarify

the accounting applied by a parent, whose functional currency is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, when it

consolidates a subsidiary, whose functional currency is the currency of a non-hyperinflationary economy. The IASB

decided that when an entity translates amounts from a functional currency that is the currency of a non-

hyperinflationary economy to a presentation currency that is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, the entity

translates those amounts, including comparative amounts, using the closing rate at the date of the most recent

statement of financial position. An entity shall also disclose that it has applied this translation method in its financial

statements, or in the results and financial position of its foreign operations.

The amendments will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027, with early adoption

permitted. The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial

statements. The new standard has yet to be endorsed by the EU.

233

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	03 — Acquisitions and dispositions

03 — Acquisitions and dispositions

Business combinations

During 2025 and 2024, the Group did not undertake any acquisitions accounted for as business combinations.

In April 2023, Deutsche Bank announced that it had reached an agreement on an all-cash offer for the acquisition of

Numis Corporation Plc (“Numis”). On October 13, 2023, the acquisition was completed and Deutsche Bank acquired a

100% interest in Numis for a cash purchase price of € 460 million (GBP 397 million). Following the acquisition of Numis,

the determination of the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date

had been finalized in the fourth quarter 2023 with details included in the table below. Other intangible assets identified

in the purchase price allocation included customer relationships (€ 56 million) and trade name (€ 27 million). Goodwill of

€ 235 million identified in the purchase price allocation mainly represented the expected future economic benefit of

synergies and the value of human capital.

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed as of the Acquisition Date

in € m.		October 13, 2023
Cash consideration transferred		460
Total consideration transferred		460
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed:1
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		126
Securities borrowed		10
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		44
Property and equipment		53
Other intangible assets		84
All other assets		410
Total assets acquired		727
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		14
All other liabilities		488
Total liabilities assumed		502
Total identifiable net assets		225
Goodwill		235
Total identifiable net assets and goodwill acquired		460

1By major class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed

Deutsche Bank assigned goodwill resulting from the Numis acquisition to the Investment Bank cash-generating unit

(CGU). Given the valuation of the Investment Bank CGU, following the acquisition, goodwill recognized for Numis was

considered impaired and written off in the fourth quarter of 2023 (also refer to Note 23 “Goodwill and Other Intangible

Assets”).

Dispositions

There were no dispositions in 2025 and 2024, but the Group had finalized several dispositions of subsidiaries/businesses

during 2023. These disposals were mainly comprised of businesses that were previously classified as held for sale. The

total consideration for 2023 dispositions received in 2024 and 2023 (thereof in cash) was € 3 million (cash € 3 million)

and € 117 million (cash € 99 million), respectively. The table below shows the assets and liabilities that were included in

these disposals.

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents		—		—		7
All remaining assets		—		—		105
Total assets disposed		—		—		113
Total liabilities disposed		—		—		213

 

234

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

04 — Business segments and related information

Deutsche Bank’s segmental information has been prepared in accordance with the management approach, which

requires presentation of the segments on the basis of the internal management reports of the entity which are regularly

reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, which is the Deutsche Bank Management Board, in order to assess the

financial performance of the business segments and for allocating resources to the business segments.

Business segments

Deutsche Bank’s segment reporting follows the organizational structure as reflected in the Group’s internal management

reporting systems, which are the basis for assessing the financial performance of the business segments and for

allocating resources to them.

The bank’s business operations are organized in a divisional structure comprising the following business segments:

–Corporate Bank

–Investment Bank

–Private Bank

–Asset Management

–Corporate & Other

The Group consists of the following reportable segments: Corporate Bank, Investment Bank, Private Bank, Asset

Management and Corporate & Other.

Corporate Bank reports revenues based on three client categories: Institutional Client Services, Corporate Treasury

Services and Business Banking.

Investment Bank reports revenues in the categories Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC), Investment Banking & Capital

Markets as well as Research and Other.

Private Bank reports revenues in the client sectors Wealth Management and Personal Banking.

Asset Management reports revenues in the categories Management fees, Performance and Transaction fees and Other.

Corporate & Other includes revenues, costs and resources held centrally that are not allocated to the individual business

segments as well as valuation and timing differences that arise on derivatives used to hedge the Group’s balance sheet.

These are accounting impacts, and valuation losses are expected to be recovered over time as the underlying

instruments approach maturity. In addition, Corporate & Other contains financial impacts of legacy portfolios, previously

reported as the Capital Release Unit.

In addition, based on management decisions during the reporting period further divisional changes were introduced as

described in the section below.

Changes in the presentation for segments

Commencing from the first quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank amended the classification of revenues related to certain

revenue sharing activities between the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank to more accurately reflect the impacts

on net interest income and net commission and fee income. These revenue sharing activities include the allocation of

foreign exchange revenues with Corporate Bank clients, recorded in the Investment Bank, to the Corporate Bank, as well

as the allocation of revenues related to relationship lending activities, recorded in the Corporate Bank, to the Corporate

Bank and the Investment Bank. Previously, both allocations were reported in remaining income, but are now directly

classified in the respective revenue categories. The change did not result in a change of intersegment revenue allocation

between the Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank and had no impact on the Group’s consolidated statement of

income. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure.

In the first quarter of 2024, Investment Bank renamed “FIC Sales & Trading” to “Fixed Income & Currencies” and

introduced two additional sub‑categories: “Fixed Income & Currencies: Financing” and “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex

Financing”. In the fourth quarter of 2025, Investment Bank renamed “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex Financing” to “Fixed

Income & Currencies: Markets”. These adjustments were made to enhance transparency regarding the composition of

FIC’s revenues. In addition, “Origination & Advisory” was renamed to “Investment Banking & Capital Markets” to better

reflect the business it focuses on, with revenues continuing to be split in Debt Origination, Equity Origination and

Advisory. In addition, Research revenues are reported together with Other in “Research and Other”.

235

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Commencing from the first quarter of 2024, Private Bank follows a customer-focused approach by classifying the

existing customer base into two distinct global client sectors: “Personal Banking” and “Wealth Management & Private

Banking”. In the fourth quarter of 2025, “Wealth Management & Private Banking” was renamed to “Wealth Management”.

This approach reflects the focus to serve clients in a more targeted and effective way across the Private Bank. Wealth

Management combines the coverage of private banking, high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth clients, as well as

business clients in selected international businesses (reflecting the ‘Bank for Entrepreneurs’ strategy). The client sector

Personal Banking includes retail and affluent customers as well as commercial banking clients in Italy and Spain (i.e., all

small business clients and small sized corporate clients that are not covered as part of the Wealth Management client

sector). Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure.

Within the Private Bank coverage area ‘Wealth Management’, private clients benefit from a wider product range with

increased emphasis on investment advice. As a result, in the first quarter of 2024, demand deposits of Private Banking

Germany were reclassified to assets under management, ensuring a consistent treatment within ‘Wealth Management’.

Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure.

Measurement of segment profit or loss

Segment reporting requires a presentation of the segment results based on management reporting methods, including a

reconciliation between the results of the business segments and the consolidated financial statements, which is

presented in the “Segment results of operations” section within this note. The information provided about each segment

is based on internal management reporting about segment profit or loss, assets and other information which is regularly

reviewed by the chief operating decision maker.

Segment assets are presented in the Group’s internal management reporting based on a consolidated view, i.e., the

amounts do not include intersegment balances. The Group’s internal management reporting does not consider segment

liabilities or interest expense separately. Similarly, depreciation and amortization, tax expenses and other comprehensive

income are not presented separately internally and are therefore not disclosed here.

Non-IFRS compliant accounting methods used in the Group’s management reporting represent either valuation or

classification differences. The largest valuation differences relate to measurement at fair value in management reporting

versus measurement at amortized cost under IFRS and to the recognition of trading results from own shares in revenues

in management reporting (in the Investment Bank) and in equity under IFRS. The major classification difference relates to

noncontrolling interest, which represents the net share of minority shareholders in revenues, provision for credit losses,

noninterest expenses and income tax expenses. Noncontrolling interest is reported as a component of the profit before

tax of the businesses in management reporting (with a reversal in Corporate & Other) and a component of net income

appropriation under IFRS.

Since the Group’s business activities are diverse in nature and its operations are integrated, certain estimates and

judgments have been made to apportion revenue and expense items among the business segments.

The management reporting systems allocate the Group’s external net interest income according to the value of funding

consumed or provided by each business segment’s activities, in accordance with the bank’s internal funds transfer

pricing framework. Furthermore, to retain comparability with those competitors that have legally independent units with

their own equity funding, the Group allocates a net notional interest benefit on its consolidated capital, in line with each

segment’s proportion of average shareholders’ equity.

Management uses certain measures for equity and related ratios as part of its internal reporting system because it

believes that these measures provide it with a useful indication of the financial performance of the business segments.

The Group discloses such measures to provide investors and analysts with further insight into how management operates

the Group’s businesses and to enable them to better understand the Group’s results.

236

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Allocation of Average Shareholder’s Equity

Shareholders’ equity is fully allocated to the Group’s segments based on the regulatory capital demand of each segment.

Regulatory capital demand reflects the combined contribution of each segment to the Group’s Common Equity Tier 1

(CET1) ratio, the Group’s leverage ratio and the Group’s capital loss under stress. Contributions in each of the three

dimensions are weighted to reflect their relative importance and level of constraint for the Group. Contributions to the

CET1 ratio and the leverage ratio are measured through risk-weighted assets and leverage ratio exposure. The Group’s

capital loss under stress is a measure of the Group’s overall economic risk exposure under a defined stress scenario.

Goodwill and other intangible assets are directly attributed to the Group’s segments in order to allow the determination

of allocated tangible shareholders’ equity and the respective returns. Shareholders’ equity and tangible shareholders’

equity is allocated on a monthly basis and averaged across quarters and for the full year.

Changes to capital allocation framework

Starting in 2024, Deutsche Bank has changed the allocation of tangible shareholders’ equity across segments. In

addition, the bank now retains capital held against Deutsche Bank Group items in Corporate & Other, which has

previously been allocated to the segments. Prior year’s comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure.

While the adjustment of the prior periods’ allocations impact the segmental RoTE, the respective Group metrics are

unaffected by the change.

Beginning in December 2025, Deutsche Bank revised the allocation of (tangible) shareholders’ equity to more accurately

assess the shareholder value generated by Asset Management. As part of this adjustment, approximately € 1 billion of

CET1 capital contributed to Deutsche Bank Group by DWS minority shareholders is now recognized as a reduction in the

equity allocated to the Asset Management segment. Previously, this minority interest benefit, which is part of regulatory

own funds, was reflected in Corporate & Other. This change affects only the Asset Management segment and does not

impact the metrics of Deutsche Bank Group or the bank’s other operating segments. As the implementation began in

December 2025, the change impacts the financials for the fourth quarter and the full year 2025. No adjustments were

made to prior periods’ capital allocation, resulting in a phased effect on the 2025 financials. The full impact in form of a

lower average allocated shareholders' equity and hence a higher post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’

equity for the Asset Management segment, will be visible in the 2026 financial year.

Driver-Based Cost Management allocations methodology change

In the first quarter of 2023, the bank introduced a Driver-Based Cost Management methodology for the allocation of

costs originated in respective infrastructure functions which aims to provide transparency over the drivers of

Infrastructure costs and links costs more closely to service consumption by segments. During 2023, costs relating to

Infrastructure functions were allocated using an actuals to plan approach, with the exception of technology

development costs which were charged to the divisions based on actual expenditures. Beginning 2024, all infrastructure

costs were charged to divisions based on actual costs and service consumption. Prior year’s comparatives are presented

in the current reporting structure. For the full year 2023, the change in methodology resulted in an increase in

noninterest expenses (corresponding decrease in profit before tax) for Corporate Bank of € 175 million and a

corresponding decrease in noninterest expenses (corresponding increase in profit before tax) for Investment Bank of

€ 42 million, for Private Bank of € 48 million, for Asset Management of € 0 million and for Corporate and Other of

€ 84 million. While the update of the 2023 allocations impacted the segmental post-tax returns on average tangible

shareholders’ equity and cost/income ratio, the respective Group metrics are unaffected by the methodology change.

Changes to operational Risk RWA allocation framework

Starting in 2024, Deutsche Bank introduced a refined and more granular framework to allocate operational risk RWA to

the segments. While the respective segmental RWA metrics are impacted by the change in methodology with a more

pronounced impact from the second quarter of 2024 onwards, the Group’s operational risk RWA are unaffected by the

change.

Tax Exempt Securities

Net interest income as a component of net revenues, profit (loss) before tax and related ratios are presented on a fully

taxable-equivalent basis for tax-exempt securities for the Investment Bank. This enables management to measure

performance of taxable and tax-exempt securities on a comparable basis. This presentation resulted in an increase in

Investment Bank net interest income of € 22 million for full year 2025, € 18 million for full year 2024 and € 10 millionfor

full year 2023. This increase is offset in Group consolidated figures through a reversal in Corporate & Other. The

predominant tax rate used for 2025, 2024 and 2023 in determining the fully taxable equivalent of the net interest

income was 21% and related to U.S. tax exempt securities.

237

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Segmental results of operations

The following tables present the results of the Group’s business segments, including the reconciliation to the

consolidated results of operations under IFRS.

		2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Net revenues1		7,400		11,541		9,665		3,077		(249)		31,434
Provision for credit losses		194		827		578		(2)		108		1,707
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,632		2,894		2,795		952		3,541		11,813
General and administrative expenses		2,971		3,782		3,958		871		(2,721)		8,860
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restructuring activities		—		—		(15)		—		—		(15)
Total noninterest expenses		4,603		6,675		6,738		1,823		819		20,658
Noncontrolling interests		—		16		—		272		(289)		—
Profit (loss) before tax		2,603		4,022		2,348		983		(887)		9,069
Assets (in € bn)2		323		736		316		11		54		1,440
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)		120		115		247		—		3		484
Additions to non-current assets		14		6		65		20		1,938		2,042
Deposits (in € bn)		329		28		329		—		8		695
Average allocated shareholders' equity		12,199		23,967		14,763		5,2183		12,396		68,543
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)		72		136		92		16		31		347
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)4		11		18		15		5		14		63
Leverage exposure (in € bn)		358		602		326		10		32		1,327
Employees (full-time equivalent)		27,320		20,592		35,443		5,425		1,099		89,879
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity5,6		14.1%		10.8%		10.1%		12.9%		N/M		8.5%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity5,6		15.3%		11.2%		10.5%		29.1%		N/M		9.4%
Cost/income ratio7		62.2%		57.8%		69.7%		59.3%		N/M		65.7%
1 includes:
Net interest income		4,567		4,681		6,169		24		231		15,673
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		4		(69)		4		52		3		(6)
2 includes:
Equity method investments		101		264		102		453		5		924

N/M – Not meaningful

3 Starting from the fourth quarter 2025, the equity allocation framework for Asset Management has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 -

Business segments and related information” of this report

4 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

5 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

6 Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflect the reported effective tax rate for the Group, which

was 25% for the year ended December 31, 2025; for post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the

Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the

year ended December 31, 2025; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

7Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

238

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

		2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Net revenues1		7,506		10,557		9,386		2,649		1,406		31,504
Provision for credit losses		347		549		851		(1)		83		1,830
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,611		2,690		2,938		919		3,574		11,731
General and administrative expenses		3,448		3,970		4,395		904		(1,474)		11,243
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restructuring activities		(1)		—		(3)		—		—		(3)
Total noninterest expenses		5,058		6,660		7,331		1,823		2,100		22,971
Noncontrolling interests		—		5		—		194		(199)		—
Profit (loss) before tax		2,101		3,344		1,204		632		(577)		6,703
Assets (in € bn)2		280		756		324		11		21		1,391
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)		117		110		257		—		5		490
Additions to non-current assets		12		3		160		30		1,886		2,091
Deposits (in € bn)		313		22		320		—		13		668
Average allocated shareholders' equity		11,681		23,631		13,995		5,329		11,717		66,353
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)		78		130		97		18		34		357
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3		11		15		14		5		13		58
Leverage exposure (in € bn)		339		593		336		10		38		1,316
Employees (full-time equivalent)		26,280		20,065		37,059		5,166		1,183		89,753
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity4,5		11.9%		9.1%		5.1%		8.0%		N/M		5.5%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity4,5		12.7%		9.4%		5.1%		18.0%		N/M		6.2%
Cost/income ratio6		67.4%		63.1%		78.1%		68.8%		N/M		72.9%
1 includes:
Net interest income		4,987		3,372		5,786		25		991		15,161
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		(1)		(46)		21		36		2		12
2 includes:
Equity method investments		90		379		102		451		6		1,028

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

3Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

4Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

5The post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group,

which was 33% for the year ended December 31, 2024; for the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the

segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were

28% for the year ended December 31, 2024; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this

report

6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

239

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

		2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Net revenues1		7,718		9,160		9,571		2,383		2,324		31,155
Provision for credit losses		266		431		783		(1)		26		1,505
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,539		2,534		2,808		891		3,358		11,131
General and administrative expenses		3,088		4,082		4,718		934		(2,710)		10,112
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		233		—		—		—		233
Restructuring activities		(4)		(3)		228		—		(1)		220
Total noninterest expenses		4,623		6,846		7,755		1,825		647		21,695
Noncontrolling interests		—		3		—		163		(166)		—
Profit (loss) before tax		2,828		1,880		1,032		396		1,817		7,955
Assets (in € bn)2		264		658		331		10		54		1,317
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)		117		101		261		—		6		485
Additions to non-current assets		13		89		90		73		1,853		2,118
Deposits (in € bn)		289		18		308		—		10		625
Average allocated shareholders' equity		11,280		22,953		13,681		5,103		10,132		63,149
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)		69		140		86		15		40		350
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3		6		22		8		3		19		57
Leverage exposure (in € bn)		307		546		339		10		39		1,240
Employees (full-time equivalent)		25,356		19,899		38,465		4,961		1,449		90,130
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity4,5		17.1%		4.9%		4.5%		5.2%		N/M		9.1%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity4,5		18.5%		5.1%		4.8%		12.2%		N/M		10.2%
Cost/income ratio6		59.9%		74.7%		81.0%		76.6%		N/M		69.6%
1 includes:
Net interest income		5,241		2,887		6,156		(124)		1,963		16,122
Net income (loss) from equity method investments		(6)		(70)		(5)		42		2		(38)
2 includes:
Equity method investments		91		413		84		420		5		1,013

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

3Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

4Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. Prior periods have been updated accordingly. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

5The post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity at the Group level reflects the reported effective tax rate for the Group,

which was 19% for the year ended December 31, 2023; for the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the

segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were

28% for the year ended December 31, 2023; for further information, please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this

report

6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

240

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Corporate Bank

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues
Corporate Treasury Services1		4,220		4,197		4,381		23		1		(184)		(4)
Institutional Client Services		1,917		1,956		1,895		(39)		(2)		62		3
Business Banking1		1,263		1,352		1,442		(90)		(7)		(90)		(6)
Total net revenues		7,400		7,506		7,718		(106)		(1)		(212)		(3)
Of which:
Net interest income2		4,567		4,987		5,241		(419)		(8)		(254)		(5)
Net commission and fee income2		2,704		2,577		2,460		127		5		118		5
Remaining income2		129		(58)		18		186		N/M		(75)		N/M
Provision for credit losses		194		347		266		(153)		(44)		81		30
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		1,632		1,611		1,539		21		1		72		5
General and administrative expenses		2,971		3,448		3,088		(477)		(14)		359		12
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		(1)		(4)		1		N/M		4		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		4,603		5,058		4,623		(455)		(9)		435		9
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Profit (loss) before tax		2,603		2,101		2,828		502		24		(728)		(26)
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)3		8,420		7,959		7,670		461		6		289		4
Employees (business-aligned operations, full-time equivalent)3		8,181		8,171		8,017		10		0		154		2
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full-time equivalent)3		10,719		10,150		9,669		569		6		481		5
Total employees (full-time equivalent)3		27,320		26,280		25,356		1,040		4		924		4
Total assets (in € bn)3,4		323		280		264		44		16		16		6
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)3		72		78		69		(6)		(8)		9		13
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3,5		11		11		6		—		1		5		94
Leverage exposure (in € bn)3		358		339		307		18		5		33		11
Deposits (in € bn)3		329		313		289		17		5		23		8
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)3		120		117		117		3		2		—		0
Cost/income ratio6		62.2%		67.4%		59.9%		(5.2)ppt		N/M		7.5ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders' equity7,8		14.1%		11.9%		17.1%		2.2ppt		N/M		(5.2)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity7,8		15.3%		12.7%		18.5%		2.6ppt		N/M		(5.8)ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1Starting from the first quarter of 2025, certain smaller non-complex clients previously recorded under Corporate Treasury Services are reported under Business Banking.

The reclassification follows a review and realignment of client coverage to provide clients with the most effective coverage within the Corporate Bank. Prior year’s

comparatives are presented in the current reporting structure

2Starting from the first quarter of 2025, the representation of revenue sharing between Corporate Bank and Investment Bank has changed. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

3 As of year-end

4Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

5Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

6Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

7Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

8For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

241

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Investment Bank

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues
Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC)		9,610		8,518		7,897		1,092		13		621		8
Fixed Income & Currencies: Financing		3,561		3,183		2,909		377		12		275		9
Fixed Income & Currencies: Markets1		6,050		5,335		4,989		715		13		346		7
Investment Banking & Capital Markets2		1,861		1,990		1,238		(129)		(6)		752		61
Debt Origination		1,100		1,274		837		(174)		(14)		437		52
Equity Origination		225		186		102		39		21		83		82
Advisory		536		531		299		5		1		232		77
Research and Other3		70		49		24		20		41		25		102
Total net revenues4		11,541		10,557		9,160		984		9		1,398		15
Provision for credit losses		827		549		431		278		51		119		28
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		2,894		2,690		2,534		204		8		156		6
General and administrative expenses		3,782		3,970		4,082		(188)		(5)		(112)		(3)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		233		—		N/M		(233)		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		—		(3)		—		38		3		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		6,675		6,660		6,846		15		0		(186)		(3)
Noncontrolling interests		16		5		3		12		N/M		2		52
Profit (loss) before tax		4,022		3,344		1,880		679		20		1,463		78
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)5		5,037		4,888		4,856		149		3		32		1
Employees (business-aligned operations, full-time equivalent)5		3,151		3,168		3,146		(17)		(1)		22		1
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full- time equivalent)5		12,404		12,009		11,898		395		3		111		1
Total employees (full-time equivalent)5		20,592		20,065		19,899		527		3		166		1
Total assets (in € bn)5,6		736		756		658		(20)		(3)		98		15
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)5		136		130		140		7		5		(10)		(7)
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)5,7		18		15		22		3		21		(7)		(32)
Leverage exposure (in € bn)5		602		593		546		10		2		46		8
Deposits (in € bn)5		28		22		18		6		26		4		23
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)5		115		110		101		5		5		9		9
Cost/income ratio8		57.8%		63.1%		74.7%		(5.2)ppt		N/M		(11.7)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity9,10		10.8%		9.1%		4.9%		1.7ppt		N/M		4.2ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity9,10		11.2%		9.4%		5.1%		1.8ppt		N/M		4.3ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, the additional sub-category “Fixed Income & Currencies: Ex Financing“ within Fixed Income & Currencies (FIC) was renamed to

“Fixed Income & Currencies: Markets“

2 Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank renamed “Origination & Advisory” within the Investment Bank to “Investment Banking & Capital Markets”

3Historically, certain bank funding charges that were allocated to the Investment Bank but not directly attributable to specific balance sheet positions were reported

within “Research and Other”. Beginning the third quarter of 2025 these charges have been allocated to underlying businesses based on an agreed allocation key in order

to support ongoing refinement of business level reporting. Prior year’s comparatives are aligned to presentation in the current year

4Starting from the first quarter of 2025, the representation of revenue sharing between Corporate Bank and Investment Bank has changed. For more information, please

refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and related information” of this report

5As of year-end

6Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

7 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

8Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

9 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

10For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

242

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Private Bank

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues:
Personal Banking1		5,284		5,253		5,442		31		1		(190)		(3)
Wealth Management1,2		4,381		4,133		4,128		248		6		5		0
Total net revenues		9,665		9,386		9,571		279		3		(185)		(2)
of which:
Net interest income		6,169		5,786		6,156		383		7		(370)		(6)
Net commission and fee income		2,999		2,956		2,852		43		1		104		4
Remaining income		497		643		563		(146)		(23)		80		14
Provision for credit losses		578		851		783		(273)		(32)		68		9
Noninterest expenses:
Compensation and benefits		2,795		2,938		2,808		(143)		(5)		130		5
General and administrative expenses		3,958		4,395		4,718		(438)		(10)		(323)		(7)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		(15)		(3)		228		(12)		N/M		(231)		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		6,738		7,331		7,755		(593)		(8)		(424)		(5)
Noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		45		—		(45)
Profit (loss) before tax		2,348		1,204		1,032		1,144		95		172		17
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)3		15,840		17,053		18,483		(1,213)		(7)		(1,430)		(8)
Employees (business-aligned operations, full-time equivalent)3		7,497		7,842		7,780		(345)		(4)		62		1
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full- time equivalent)3		12,106		12,164		12,202		(58)		N/M		(38)		0
Total employees (full-time equivalent)3		35,443		37,059		38,465		(1,616)		(4)		(1,406)		(4)
Total assets (in € bn)3,4		316		324		331		(8)		(2)		(7)		(2)
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)3		92		97		86		(5)		(5)		11		13
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)3,5		15		14		8		—		2		7		89
Leverage exposure (in € bn)3		326		336		339		(10)		(3)		(2)		(1)
Deposits (in € bn)2		329		320		308		9		3		13		4
Loans (gross of allowance for loan losses, in € bn)3		247		257		261		(11)		(4)		(4)		(1)
Assets under Management (in € bn)3,6		685		634		579		51		8		55		9
Net flows (in € bn)		27		29		23		(2)		(7)		6		26
Cost/income ratio7		69.7%		78.1%		81.0%		(8.4)ppt		N/M		(2.9)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders' equity8,9		10.1%		5.1%		4.5%		5.1ppt		N/M		0.5ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity8,9		10.5%		5.1%		4.8%		5.4ppt		N/M		0.3ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1 Starting from the first quarter of 2025, a portion of certain European Personal Banking clients have been transferred to the Wealth Management segment. This change

reflects adjustments in the Private Bank client's classification to better align financial reporting with the underlying business structure. Prior year’s comparatives are

presented in the current reporting structure

2Starting from the fourth quarter of 2025, the Private Bank renamed “Wealth Management & Private Banking” to “Wealth Management”

3As of year-end

4Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

5Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

6Assets under Management include assets held on behalf of customers for investment purposes and/or client assets that are advised or managed by Deutsche Bank. They

are managed on a discretionary or advisory basis or are deposited with the bank. Deposits are considered Assets under Management if they serve investment purposes. In

Personal Banking, this includes Term deposits and Savings deposits. In Wealth Management (excl. Business Banking), it is assumed that all customer deposits are held

with the bank primarily for investment purposes and accordingly are classified as Assets under Management. In instances in which the Private Bank distributes investment

products qualifying as Assets under Management which are managed by DWS, these assets are reported as Assets under Management for Private Bank and for Asset

Management (DWS) because they are two distinct, independent qualifying services

7Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

8Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

9For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

243

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Asset Management

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues
Management fees		2,597		2,479		2,314		119		5		164		7
Performance and transaction fees		318		148		128		170		115		20		16
Other		162		23		(59)		139		N/M		82		N/M
Total net revenues		3,077		2,649		2,383		427		16		267		11
Provision for credit losses		(2)		(1)		(1)		(1)		172		—		(23)
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		952		919		891		33		4		28		3
General and administrative expenses		871		904		934		(34)		(4)		(29)		(3)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		1,823		1,823		1,825		—		0		(1)		0
Noncontrolling interests		272		194		163		78		40		32		20
Profit (loss) before tax		983		632		396		350		55		236		60
Employees (front office, full-time equivalent)1		2,103		2,065		2,044		38		2		21		1
Employees (business-aligned operations, full-time equivalent)1		2,732		2,510		2,343		222		9		167		7
Employees (allocated central infrastructure, full- time equivalent)1		590		591		574		(1)		0		17		3
Total employees (full-time equivalent)1		5,425		5,166		4,961		259		5		205		4
Total assets (in € bn)1,2		11		11		10		—		2		—		2
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)1		16		18		15		(3)		(16)		3		22
of which: operational risk RWA (in € bn)1,3		5		5		3		1		13		1		35
Leverage exposure (in € bn)1		10		10		10		—		1		—		4
Assets under Management (in € bn)1,4		1,085		1,012		896		73		7		115		13
Net flows (in € bn)		51		26		28		25		98		(3)		(9)
Cost/income ratio5		59.26%		68.81%		76.57%		(9.6)ppt		N/M		(7.8)ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average shareholders' equity6,7		12.93%		8.03%		5.16%		4.9ppt		N/M		2.9ppt		N/M
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity6,7		29.1%8		18.0%		12.2%		11.0ppt		N/M		5.8ppt		N/M

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1As of year-end

2Segment assets are presented on a consolidated basis, i.e., the amounts do not include intersegment balances

3Starting from the first quarter of 2024 the allocation of operational risk RWA has changed. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments

and related information” of this report

4Assets under Management (AuM) means assets (i) the segment manages on a discretionary or non-discretionary advisory basis; including where it is the management

company and portfolio management is outsourced to a third party; and (ii) a third party holds or manages and on which the segment provides, on the basis of contract,

advice of an ongoing nature including regular or periodic assessment, monitoring and/or review. AuM represent both collective investments (including mutual funds and

exchange-traded funds) and separate client mandates. AuM are measured at current market value based on the local regulatory rules for asset managers at each

reporting date, which might differ from the fair value rules applicable under IFRS. Measurable levels are available daily for most retail products but may only update

monthly, quarterly or even yearly for some products. While AuM do not include the segment’s investments accounted for under equity method, they do include seed

capital and any committed capital on which the segment earns management fees. In instances in which Private Bank distributes investment products qualifying as Assets

under Management which are managed by DWS, these assets are reported as Assets under Management for Private Bank and for Asset Management (DWS) because they

are two distinct, independent qualifying services

5Noninterest expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, which are defined as net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income

6Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

7For the post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders’ equity of the segments, the Group effective tax rate was adjusted to exclude

the impact of permanent differences not attributed to the segments, so that the segment tax rates were 28% for the years 2025, 2024 and 2023; for further information,

please refer to “Supplementary Information (Unaudited): Non-GAAP Financial Measures” of this report

8 Starting from the fourth quarter 2025 the equity allocation framework for Asset Management has been updated. For more information, please refer to section “Note 04 -

Business segments and related information” of this report

244

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Corporate & Other

								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Net revenues		(249)		1,406		2,324		(1,654)		N/M		(918)		(40)
Provision for credit losses		108		83		26		26		31		57		N/M
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits		3,541		3,574		3,358		(33)		(1)		216		6
General and administrative expenses		(2,721)		(1,474)		(2,710)		(1,247)		85		1,236		(46)
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		N/M		—		N/M
Restructuring activities		—		—		(1)		—		N/M		1		N/M
Total noninterest expenses		819		2,100		647		(1,280)		(61)		1,453		N/M
Noncontrolling interests		(289)		(199)		(166)		(89)		45		(33)		20
Profit (loss) before tax		(887)		(577)		1,817		(310)		54		(2,394)		N/M
Total Employees (full-time equivalent)1		36,918		36,097		35,792		821		2		305		1
Risk-weighted assets (in € bn)1		31		34		40		(3)		(7)		(6)		(15)
Leverage exposure (in € bn)1		32		38		39		(6)		(16)		(1)		(3)

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1As of year-end

245

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Annual Report 2025	04 — Business segments and related information

Entity-wide disclosures

The Group’s entity-wide disclosures include net revenues from internal and external counterparties. Excluding revenues

from internal counterparties would require disproportionate IT investment and is not in line with the bank's management

approach. For details of the net revenue components please see “Management Report: Operating and Financial Review:

Results of Operations: Corporate Divisions”.

The following table presents total net revenues (before provision for credit losses) by geographic area for the years

ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 respectively. The information presented for Corporate Bank, Investment

Bank, Private Bank and Asset Management has been classified based primarily on the location of the Group’s office in

which the revenues are recorded. The information for Corporate & Other is presented on a global level only, as

management responsibility for Corporate & Other is held centrally.

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Germany:
Corporate Bank		3,558		3,811		4,225
Investment Bank		720		641		573
Private Bank		6,511		6,388		6,567
Asset Management		1,438		1,286		1,211
Total Germany		12,226		12,127		12,576
UK:
Corporate Bank		211		193		192
Investment Bank		4,033		3,882		3,503
Private Bank		63		46		54
Asset Management		652		404		350
Total UK		4,959		4,525		4,099
Rest of Europe:
Corporate Bank		1,154		1,238		1,196
Investment Bank		392		477		330
Private Bank		2,051		1,953		1,981
Asset Management		329		308		274
Total Rest of Europe		3,926		3,975		3,782
Americas (primarily United States):
Corporate Bank		1,241		1,090		1,011
Investment Bank		4,423		3,869		3,041
Private Bank		478		475		462
Asset Management		549		562		432
Total Americas		6,691		5,996		4,945
Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa:
Corporate Bank		1,236		1,174		1,094
Investment Bank		1,973		1,688		1,713
Private Bank		563		524		506
Asset Management		109		90		115
Total Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa		3,881		3,476		3,428
Corporate & Other		(249)		1,406		2,324
Consolidated net revenues1		31,434		31,504		31,155

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1Consolidated net revenues comprise interest and similar income, interest expenses and total noninterest income (including net commission and fee income); revenues are

attributed to countries based on the location in which the Group’s booking office is located; the location of a transaction on the Group’s books is sometimes different

from the location of the headquarters or other offices of a customer and different from the location of the Group’s personnel who entered into or facilitated the

transaction; where the Group records a transaction involving its staff and customers and other third parties in different locations frequently depends on other

considerations, such as the nature of the transaction, regulatory considerations and transaction processing considerations

246

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	05 — Net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Notes to the consolidated income statement

05 — Net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial

assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Net interest income

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Interest and similar income:
Interest income on cash and central bank balances		4,733		7,045		7,048
Interest income on interbank balances (w/o central banks)		261		643		607
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		2,236		1,935		1,069
Loans		21,249		23,330		22,032
Other		2,561		2,140		2,103
Total Interest and similar income from assets measured at amortized cost		31,040		35,094		32,857
Interest income on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		1,421		1,408		1,097
Total interest and similar income calculated using the effective interest method		32,462		36,502		33,955
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		11,978		12,493		9,592
Total interest and similar income		44,440		48,996		43,546
Thereof: negative interest expense on financial liabilities		23		28		76
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing deposits		11,964		14,410		10,658
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements		854		708		388
Other short-term borrowings		518		390		310
Long-term debt		5,121		6,770		6,154
Trust preferred securities		16		17		16
Other		2,761		3,035		2,848
Total interest expense measured at amortized cost		21,232		25,330		20,374
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		7,534		8,505		7,051
Total interest expense		28,766		33,835		27,424
Thereof: negative interest income on financial assets		19		39		81
Net interest income		15,673		15,161		16,122

Impact of ECB Targeted Longer-term Refinancing Operations (TLTRO III program)

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the Group had no outstanding borrowings under the TLTRO III-

refinancing program (December 31, 2023: € 15.0 billion). The prior interest rates on TLTRO III refinancing operations

were indexed to the average applicable key ECB interest rates. The TLTRO III program generated no net interest expense

for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: € 144 million and December 31, 2023:

€ 741 million).

247

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	05 — Net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Trading Income:
FIC Sales and Trading		4,963		5,045		5,116
Other trading income (loss)		(211)		517		390
Total trading income (loss)		4,751		5,563		5,506
Net gains (losses) on non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss:
Breakdown by financial assets category:
Debt Securities		58		(94)		89
Equity Securities		111		24		(10)
Loans and loan commitments		(13)		(8)		112
Deposits		—		(4)		(5)
Others non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit and loss		4		18		31
Total net gains (losses) on non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss:		160		(65)		217
Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss:
Breakdown by financial asset/liability category:
Loans and loan commitments		11		5		12
Deposits		1		2		(—)
Long-term debt		(369)		157		(180)
Other financial assets/liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		23		(7)		20
Total net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		(334)		158		(148)
Total net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		4,577		5,655		5,575

Combined net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Net interest income		15,673		15,161		16,122
Trading income (loss)1		4,751		5,563		5,506
Net gains (losses) on non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		160		(65)		217
Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		(334)		158		(148)
Total net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		4,577		5,655		5,575
Total net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss2		20,250		20,816		21,697
Corporate Treasury Services		2,788		2,846		3,060
Institutional Client Services		876		996		940
Business Banking		1,005		1,103		1,193
Corporate Bank		4,669		4,946		5,193
Fixed Income & Currency		9,549		8,535		8,171
Remaining Products		(242)		(166)		(196)
Investment Bank		9,308		8,368		7,976
Personal Banking		4,212		3,867		4,090
Wealth Management		2,258		2,132		2,287
Private Bank		6,470		5,998		6,377
Asset Management		180		269		(11)
Corporate & Other		(376)		1,235		2,162
Total net interest income and net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		20,250		20,816		21,697

1Trading income (loss) includes gains and losses from derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting

2Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

The Group’s trading and risk management businesses include significant activities in interest rate instruments and related

derivatives. Under IFRS, interest and similar income earned from trading instruments and financial instruments

designated at fair value through profit or loss (i.e., coupon and dividend income), and the costs of funding net trading

positions, are part of net interest income. The Group’s trading activities can periodically shift income to either net

interest income or to net gains (losses) of financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss depending on a

variety of factors, including risk management strategies. The above table combines net interest income and net gains

(losses) of financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss by business division.

248

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	06 — Commissions and fee income

06 — Commissions and fee income

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Net commission and fee income and expense:
Commissions and fee income		14,190		13,190		11,657
Commissions and fee expense		3,299		2,818		2,452
Net commission and fee income		10,891		10,372		9,206

Disaggregation of revenues by product type and business segment

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Major type of services:
Commissions for administration		230		76		278		15		3		603
Commissions for assets under management		24		—		470		4,166		—		4,660
Commissions for other securities		484		25		39		—		—		549
Underwriting and advisory fees		49		1,769		8		—		13		1,839
Brokerage fees		23		294		1,125		42		1		1,484
Commissions for local payments		587		5		860		—		1		1,453
Commissions for foreign commercial business		500		26		21		—		(40)		506
Commissions for foreign currency/ exchange business		4		—		6		—		—		10
Commissions for loan processing and guarantees1		608		521		138		—		3		1,269
Intermediary fees		34		1		435		—		11		481
Fees for sundry other customer services1		1,014		112		98		107		3		1,334
Total commissions and fee income		3,557		2,830		3,477		4,331		(5)		14,190
Commissions and fee expense												(3,299)
Net commission and fee income												10,891

1 Includes the impact from revenue sharing agreement between Investment Bank and Corporate Bank for client referrals

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Major type of services:
Commissions for administration		215		54		265		16		—		550
Commissions for assets under management		20		—		416		3,805		—		4,242
Commissions for other securities		451		—		38		1		—		491
Underwriting and advisory fees		53		1,640		6		—		66		1,764
Brokerage fees		21		327		1,052		39		1		1,440
Commissions for local payments		550		13		909		—		(9)		1,464
Commissions for foreign commercial business		483		32		20		—		(34)		502
Commissions for foreign currency/ exchange business		6		—		4		—		—		10
Commissions for loan processing and guarantees1		575		487		270		—		1		1,334
Intermediary fees		30		1		402		—		11		444
Fees for sundry other customer services1		582		158		87		117		6		949
Total commissions and fee income		2,988		2,713		3,470		3,978		42		13,190
Commissions and fee expense												(2,818)
Net commission and fee income												10,372

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1 Includes the impact from revenue sharing agreement between Investment Bank and Corporate Bank for client referrals

249

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	06 — Commissions and fee income

		Dec 31, 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total Consolidated
Major type of services:
Commissions for administration		204		55		247		11		(2)		515
Commissions for assets under management		18		—		362		3,527		—		3,907
Commissions for other securities		461		—		37		1		1		499
Underwriting and advisory fees		43		1,093		16		—		4		1,156
Brokerage fees		19		280		971		33		(20)		1,282
Commissions for local payments		488		—		995		—		1		1,484
Commissions for foreign commercial business		475		27		22		—		(27)		497
Commissions for foreign currency/ exchange business		6		—		4		—		—		10
Commissions for loan processing and guarantees1		530		446		230		—		1		1,207
Intermediary fees		28		3		364		—		10		405
Fees for sundry other customer services1		496		42		41		117		—		695
Total commissions and fee income		2,767		1,946		3,288		3,689		(33)		11,657
Commissions and fee expense												(2,452)
Net commission and fee income												9,206

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1 Includes the impact from revenue sharing agreement between Investment Bank and Corporate Bank for client referrals

In 2025, the Group recognized performance fee revenue prior to receipt of actual distribution of € 165 million for the

year ended December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024: € 0 million), which has been recognized in the Consolidated

Statement of Income. This performance fee will only be received after realization of all related conditions. The actual

amount at maturity depends on the realized values of the remaining fund assets.

As of December 31, 2025, there were performance obligations to be satisfied of € 173 million with a time band of four

years from 2026 to 2029 (as of December 31, 2024, € 250 million with a time band of four years from 2025 to 2028) from

alternative closed-end funds with cumulative distribution-based performance fees. The decrease in the obligation to be

satisfied is attributable to the recognition of the performance fee mentioned above, partially offset by the further

appreciation of the funds’ assets.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Group’s receivables from commission and fee income were

€ 1.1 billion and € 831 million respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Group’s contract

liabilities associated with commission and fee income were € 73 million and € 84 million, respectively. Contract liabilities

arise from the Group’s obligation to provide future services to a customer for which it has received consideration from

the customer prior to completion of the services. The balances of receivables and contract liabilities do not vary

significantly from period to period reflecting the fact that they predominantly relate to recurring service contracts with

service periods of less than one year such as monthly current account services and quarterly asset management services.

As a result, prior period balances of contract liabilities are generally recognized in revenue in the subsequent period.

There are some contracts where customer payment in exchange for services provided by the Group over the service

period are not required until the end of the contract period. If the Group is virtually certain to receive payment at the end

of the contract period, a contract asset and respective commission and fee income is recognized when services are

performed. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Group has recognized no material contract assets.

250

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	07 — Net gains (losses) from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost

07 — Net gains (losses) from derecognition of financial assets

measured at amortized cost

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Group sold financial assets measured at amortized cost of

€ 759 million (December 31, 2024: € 656 million and December 31, 2023: € 559 million). The sales related primarily to a

Hold to Collect portfolio in Investment Bank and Corporate Bank.

The table below presents the gains and (losses) arising from derecognition of these securities.

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Gains		21		10		5
Losses		(12)		(21)		(101)
Net gains (losses) from derecognition of financial assets measured at amortized cost		9		(11)		(96)

08 — Other income (loss)

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Other income (loss):
Insurance premiums		17		12		4
Net income (loss) from hedge relationships qualifying for hedge accounting		173		386		335
Remaining other income (loss)1		49		(131)		48
Total other income (loss)		240		267		387

1Includes net gains (losses) of € (1) million, € 32 million and € 41 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that are related to non-

current assets and disposal groups held for sale.

09 — General and administrative expenses

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
General and administrative expenses:
Information Technology		3,504		3,610		3,755
Occupancy, furniture and equipment expenses		1,463		1,624		1,478
Regulatory, Tax & Insurance1		862		1,028		1,399
Professional services		671		763		899
Banking Services and outsourced operations		891		964		964
Market Data and Research Services		410		400		374
Travel expenses		152		153		143
Marketing expenses		195		149		203
Other expenses2		710		2,552		899
Total general and administrative expenses		8,860		11,243		10,112

1Includes bank levy of € 148 million in 2025, € 172 million in 2024 and € 528 million in 2023

2Includes litigation related expenses of € 179 million in 2025 and € 2,035 million in 2024 and € 311 million in 2023; see Note 27 “Provisions”, for more details on litigation

251

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	10 — Restructuring

10 — Restructuring

In 2025, Restructuring is primarily driven by the Group’s Global Hausbank strategic agenda. The Group has defined and

implemented efficiency measures that contributed to achieving the bank’s 2025 targets.

Restructuring expense is comprised of termination benefits, additional expenses covering the acceleration of deferred

compensation awards not yet amortized due to the discontinuation of employment and contract termination costs

related to real estate. Other staff-related termination expenses not meeting the IAS 37 requirements to be Restructuring

are recorded as Severance within Compensation and Benefits.

Net restructuring expense by division

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Corporate Bank		—		(1)		(4)
Investment Bank		—		—		(3)
Private Bank		(15)		(3)		228
Asset Management		—		—		—
Corporate & Other		—		—		(1)
Total Net Restructuring Charges		(15)		(3)		220

Net restructuring by type

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Restructuring – Staff related		(13)		(5)		178
thereof:
Termination Benefits		(15)		(6)		176
Retention Acceleration		1		—		1
Social Security		1		1		1
Restructuring – Non Staff related		(1)		1		42
Total Net Restructuring Charges		(15)		(3)		220

Provisions for restructuring amounted to € 151 million, € 273 million and € 333 million as of December 31, 2025,

December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The majority of the current provisions for restructuring are

expected to be utilized in 2026.

During 2025, 535 full-time equivalent staff was reduced through restructuring (2024: 168 and 2023: 476).

Organizational changes

Full-time equivalent staff		2025		2024		2023
Corporate Bank		3		10		29
Investment Bank		1		5		9
Private Bank		519		116		377
Asset Management		—		2		—
Infrastructure		12		35		61
Total full-time equivalent staff		535		168		476

252

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated income statement
Annual Report 2025	11 — Earnings per share

11 — Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share amounts are computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders

by the average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The average number of common shares

outstanding is defined as the average number of common shares issued, reduced by the average number of shares in

treasury and by the average number of shares that will be acquired under physically-settled forward purchase contracts,

and increased by undistributed vested shares awarded under deferred share plans.

Diluted earnings per share assumes the conversion into common shares of outstanding securities or other contracts to

issue common stock, such as share options, convertible debt, unvested deferred share awards and forward contracts. The

aforementioned instruments are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share if they are dilutive in the

respective reporting period.

Computation of basic and diluted earnings per share

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Net income (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		6,606		4,342		6,332
Coupons paid on additional equity components		(761)		(574)		(498)
Net income (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders –numerator for basic earnings per share		5,846		3,768		5,834
Effect of dilutive securities		—		—		—
Net income (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders after assumed conversions – numerator for diluted earnings per share		5,846		3,768		5,834
Number of shares in million
Weighted-average shares outstanding – denominator for basic earnings per share		1,954.5		1,993.6		2,064.1
Effect of dilutive securities:
Deferred shares		43.4		45.7		39.9
Other (including trading options)		—		—		—
Dilutive potential common shares		43.4		45.7		39.9
Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions –denominator for diluted earnings per share		1,998.0		2,039.3		2,104.0

 

Earnings per share

in €		2025		2024		2023
Basic earnings per share		2.99		1.89		2.83
Diluted earnings per share		2.93		1.85		2.77

 

There were no instruments outstanding that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share and are not included in the

calculation of diluted earnings per share as of December 31, 2025.

253

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	12 — Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Notes to the consolidated balance sheet

12 — Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or

loss

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Financial assets classified as held for trading:
Trading assets:
Trading securities		130,581		124,857
Other trading assets1		23,230		14,914
Total trading assets		153,811		139,772
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		241,654		291,800
Total financial assets classified as held for trading		395,465		431,571
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss:
Securities purchased under resale agreements		95,802		88,736
Securities borrowed		16,513		15,913
Loans		3,370		1,954
Other financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		8,810		7,721
Total Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		124,495		114,324
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss:
Loans		—		—
Other financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—
Total financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		519,960		545,895

1Includes traded loans of € 12.8 billion and € 11.4 billion at December 31, 2025 and 2024 respectively

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Financial liabilities classified as held for trading:
Trading liabilities:
Trading securities		41,142		41,864
Other trading liabilities		1,738		1,635
Total trading liabilities		42,879		43,498
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		225,827		276,410
Total financial liabilities classified as held for trading		268,706		319,908
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss:
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		86,177		69,121
Loan commitments		2		6
Long-term debt		27,299		22,203
Other financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		1,577		717
Total financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		115,055		92,047
Investment contract liabilities		469		454
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		384,230		412,409

254

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	12 — Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss

Changes in fair value of financial liabilities attributable to movements in the Group’s credit risk1

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Presented in Other comprehensive Income
Cumulative change in the fair value		(272)		(157)
Presented in Statement of income
Annual change in the fair value reflected in the Statement of Income		—		—
Cumulative change in the fair value		—		—

1The fair value of a financial liability incorporates the credit risk of that financial liability. Changes in the fair value of financial liabilities issued by consolidated structured

entities have been excluded as this is not related to the Group’s credit risk but to that of the legally isolated structured entity, which is dependent on the collateral it

holds

Amounts transferred on derecognition of liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss1

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Amount presented in other comprehensive income transferred into retained earnings		(14)		(8)

1 When a financial liability designated at fair value through profit or loss is derecognized/early extinguished, cumulative gains or losses in other comprehensive income

attributable to the Group's own credit risk is transferred into retained earnings

The excess of the contractual amount repayable at maturity over the carrying value of financial liabilities1

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Including undrawn loan commitments²		355		1,085
Excluding undrawn loan commitments		106		497

1Assuming the liability is extinguished at the earliest contractual maturity that the Group can be required to repay. When the amount payable is not fixed, it is determined

by reference to conditions existing at the reporting date

2The contractual cash flows at maturity for undrawn loan commitments assume full drawdown of the facility

255

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Valuation methods and control

The Group has an established valuation control framework which governs internal control standards, methodologies, and

procedures over the valuation process.

Prices quoted in active markets – The fair value of instruments that are quoted in active markets are determined using

the quoted prices where they represent prices at which regularly and recently occurring transactions take place.

Valuation techniques – The Group uses valuation techniques to establish the fair value of instruments where prices,

quoted in active markets, are not available. Valuation techniques used for financial instruments include modelling

techniques, the use of indicative quotes for proxy instruments, quotes from recent and less regular transactions and

broker quotes.

For some financial instruments a rate or other parameter, rather than a price, is quoted. Where this is the case then the

market rate or parameter is used as an input to a valuation model to determine fair value. For some instruments,

modelling techniques follow industry standard models, for example, discounted cash flow analysis and standard option

pricing models. These models are dependent upon estimated future cash flows, discount factors and volatility levels. For

more complex or unique instruments, more sophisticated modelling techniques are required, and may rely upon

assumptions or more complex parameters such as correlations, prepayment speeds, default rates and loss severity.

Frequently, valuation models require multiple parameter inputs. Where possible, parameter inputs are based on

observable data or are derived from the prices of relevant instruments traded in active markets. Where observable data is

not available for parameter inputs, then other market information is considered. For example, indicative broker quotes

and consensus pricing information are used to support parameter inputs where they are available. Where no observable

information is available to support parameter inputs then they are based on other relevant sources of information such as

prices for similar transactions, historic data, economic fundamentals and research information, with appropriate

adjustment to reflect the terms of the actual instrument being valued and current market conditions.

Valuation adjustments – Valuation adjustments are an integral part of the valuation process. In making appropriate

valuation adjustments, the Group follows methodologies that consider factors such as bid-offer spreads, counterparty/

own credit and funding risk. Bid offer spread valuation adjustments are required to adjust mid-market valuations to the

appropriate bid or offer valuation. The bid or offer valuation is the best representation of the fair value for an instrument.

The carrying value of a long position is adjusted from mid to bid, and the carrying value of a short position is adjusted

from mid to offer. Bid-offer valuation adjustments are determined from bid-offer prices observed in relevant trading

activity and in quotes from other broker-dealers or other knowledgeable counterparties. Where the quoted price for the

instrument is already a bid-offer price then no additional bid-offer valuation adjustment is necessary. Where the fair

value of financial instruments is derived from a modelling technique, then the parameter inputs into that model are

normally at a mid-market level. Such instruments are generally managed on a portfolio basis and, when specified criteria

are met, valuation adjustments are taken to reflect the cost of closing out the net exposure the Bank has to individual

market or counterparty risks. These adjustments are determined from bid-offer prices observed in relevant trading

activity and quotes from other broker-dealers.

Where complex valuation models are used, or where less-liquid positions are being valued, then bid-offer levels for those

positions may not be available directly from the market, and therefore for the close-out cost of these positions, models

and parameters must be estimated. When these adjustments are designed, the Group closely examines the valuation

risks associated with the model as well as the positions themselves, and the resulting adjustments are closely monitored

on an ongoing basis.

Counterparty credit valuation adjustments are required to cover expected credit losses to the extent that the valuation

technique does not already include an expected credit loss factor relating to the non-performance risk of the

counterparty. The CVA amount is applied to all relevant over-the-counter derivatives, and is determined by assessing the

potential credit exposure to a given counterparty and taking into account any collateral held, the effect of any relevant

netting arrangements, expected loss given default and the probability of default, based on available market information,

including credit default swap spreads. Where counterparty CDS spreads are not available, relevant proxies are used.

The fair value of the Group’s financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (i.e., OTC derivative liabilities and issued

note liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss) incorporates valuation adjustments to measure the change

in the Group’s own credit risk (i.e., debt valuation adjustments for derivatives and own credit adjustment for issued note

liabilities). Issued note liabilities are discounted utilizing the spread at which similar instruments would be traded as at

the measurement date as this reflects the value from the perspective of a market participant who holds the identical

item as an asset. The change in this own credit component is reported under other comprehensive income.

256

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

For derivative liabilities the Group considers its own creditworthiness by assessing all counterparties expected future

exposure to the Group, taking into account any collateral posted by the Group, the effect of relevant netting

arrangements, the market price of the Group’s issued note liabilities, the market implied funding costs and the seniority

of derivative claims under resolution (statutory subordination).

When determining CVA and DVA, additional adjustments are made where appropriate to achieve fair value, due to the

expected loss estimate of a particular arrangement, or where the credit risk being assessed differs in nature to that

described by the available CDS instrument.

Funding valuation adjustments are required to incorporate the market implied funding costs into the fair value of

derivative positions. The FVA reflects a discounting spread applied to uncollateralized and partially collateralized

derivatives and is determined by assessing the market-implied funding costs on both assets and liabilities. 

Where there is uncertainty in the assumptions used within a modelling technique, an additional adjustment is taken to

calibrate the model price to the expected market price of the financial instrument. Typically, such transactions have bid-

offer levels which are less observable, and these adjustments aim to estimate the bid-offer by computing the liquidity-

premium associated with the transaction. Where a financial instrument is of sufficient complexity that the cost of closing

it out would be higher than the cost of closing out its component risks, then an additional adjustment is taken to reflect

this.

The Group uses the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Where relevant,

these assumptions may include assumptions about climate change. The Group has not made material adjustment to fair

value for climate change beyond that already priced into market inputs.

Valuation control – The Group has an independent specialized valuation control group within the Risk function which

governs and develops the valuation control framework and manages the valuation control processes. The mandate of

this specialist function includes the performance of the independent valuation control process for all businesses, the

continued development of valuation control methodologies and techniques, as well as devising and governing the formal

valuation control policy framework. Special attention of this independent valuation control group is directed to areas

where management judgment forms part of the valuation process.

Results of the valuation control process are collected and analyzed as part of a standard monthly reporting cycle.

Variances of differences outside of preset and approved tolerance levels are escalated both within the finance function

and with senior business management for review, resolution and, if required, adjustment.

For instruments where fair value is determined from valuation models, the assumptions and techniques used within the

models are independently validated by an independent specialist model validation group that is part of the Group’s Risk

Management function.

Quotes for transactions and parameter inputs are obtained from a number of third-party sources including exchanges,

pricing service providers, firm broker quotes and consensus pricing services. Price sources are examined and assessed to

determine the quality of fair value information they represent, with greater emphasis given to those possessing greater

valuation certainty and relevance. The results are compared against actual transactions in the market to ensure the

model valuations are calibrated to market prices.

Price and parameter inputs to models, assumptions and valuation adjustments are verified against independent sources.

Where they cannot be verified to independent sources due to lack of observable information, the estimate of fair value is

subject to procedures to assess its reasonableness. Such procedures include performing revaluation using independently

generated models (including where existing models are independently recalibrated), assessing the valuations against

appropriate proxy instruments and other benchmarks, and performing extrapolation techniques. Assessment is made as

to whether the valuation techniques produce fair value estimates that are reflective of market levels by calibrating the

results of the valuation models against market transactions where possible.

257

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Valuation techniques

The Group has an established valuation control framework which governs internal control standards, methodologies,

valuation techniques and procedures over the valuation process and fair value measurement.

The following explanations provide an overview of the valuation techniques used in establishing the fair value of the

different types of financial instruments that the Group trades

Sovereign, quasi-sovereign and corporate debt and equity securities – Where there are no recent transactions then fair

value may be determined from the last market price adjusted for all changes in risks and information since that date.

Where a close proxy instrument is quoted in an active market then fair value is determined by adjusting the proxy value

for differences in the risk profile of the instruments. Where close proxies are not available then fair value is estimated

using more complex modelling techniques. These techniques include discounted cash flow models using current market

rates for credit, interest, liquidity and other risks. For equity securities modeling techniques may also include those based

on earnings multiples.

Mortgage- and other asset-backed securities (MBS/ABS) include residential and commercial MBS and other ABS,

including collateralized debt obligations (CDO). ABS have specific characteristics as they have different underlying

assets, and the issuing entities have different capital structures. The complexity increases further where the underlying

assets are themselves ABS, as is the case with many of the CDO instruments.

Where no reliable external pricing is available, ABS are valued, where applicable, using either relative value analysis

which is performed based on similar transactions observable in the market, or industry-standard valuation models making

largest possible use of available observable inputs. The industry standard models calculate principal and interest

payments for a given deal based on assumptions that can be independently price tested. The inputs include prepayment

speeds, loss assumptions (timing and severity) and a discount rate (spread, yield or discount margin). These inputs/

assumptions are derived from actual transactions, external market research and market indices where appropriate.

Loans – For certain loans fair value may be determined from the market price on a recently occurring transaction

adjusted for all changes in risks and information since that transaction date. Where there are no recent market

transactions then broker quotes, consensus pricing, proxy instruments or discounted cash flow models are used to

determine fair value. Discounted cash flow models incorporate parameter inputs for credit risk, interest rate risk, foreign

exchange risk, loss given default estimates and amounts utilized given default, as appropriate. Credit risk, loss given

default and utilization given default parameters are determined using information from the loan or CDS markets, where

available and appropriate.

Leveraged loans can have transaction-specific characteristics which can limit the relevance of market-observed

transactions. Where similar transactions exist for which observable quotes are available from external pricing services

then this information is used with appropriate adjustments to reflect the transaction differences. When no similar

transactions exist, a discounted cash flow valuation technique is used with credit spreads derived from the appropriate

leveraged loan index, incorporating the industry classification, subordination of the loan, and any other relevant

information on the loan and loan counterparty.

Over-the-counter derivative financial instruments – Market standard transactions in liquid trading markets, such as

interest rate swaps, foreign exchange forward and option contracts in G7 currencies, and equity swap and option

contracts on listed securities or indices, are valued using market standard models and quoted parameter inputs.

Parameter inputs are obtained from pricing services, consensus pricing services and recently occurring transactions in

active markets wherever possible.

More complex instruments are modeled using more sophisticated modeling techniques specific for the instrument and

are calibrated to available market prices. Where the model output value does not calibrate to a relevant market reference

then valuation adjustments are made to the model output value to adjust for any difference. In less active markets, data

is obtained from less frequent market transactions, broker quotes and through extrapolation and interpolation

techniques. Where observable prices or inputs are not available, management judgment is required to determine fair

values by assessing other relevant sources of information such as historical data, fundamental analysis of the economics

of the transaction and proxy information from similar transactions.

258

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option – The fair value of financial

liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option incorporates all market risk factors

including a measure of the Group’s credit risk relevant for that financial liability (i.e., own credit adjustment (OCA) for

structured notes). Under IFRS 9, the own credit component of change in the fair value is reported under other

comprehensive income. Financial liabilities included in this classification are structured note issuances, structured

deposits, and other structured securities issued by consolidated vehicles. The fair value of these financial liabilities is

determined by discounting the contractual cash flows using the relevant credit-adjusted yield curve (i.e., utilizing the

spread at which similar instruments would be traded as at the measurement date as this reflects the value from the

perspective of a market participant who holds the identical item as an asset).

Where the financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option are collateralized,

such as securities loaned and securities sold under repurchase agreements, the credit enhancement is factored into the

fair valuation of the liability.

Investment contract liabilities – Assets which are linked to the investment contract liabilities are owned by the Group

and obliges the Group to use these assets to settle the linked liabilities. Therefore, the fair value of investment contract

liabilities is determined by the fair value of the underlying assets (i.e., amount payable on surrender of the policies).

Fair value hierarchy

The financial instruments carried at fair value have been categorized under the three levels of the IFRS fair value

hierarchy as follows:

Level 1 – Instruments valued using quoted prices in active markets are instruments where the fair value can be

determined directly from prices which are quoted in active, liquid markets.

These include: government bonds, exchange-traded derivatives and equity securities traded on active, liquid exchanges.

Level 2 – Instruments valued with valuation techniques using observable market data instruments where the fair value

can be determined by reference to similar instruments trading in active markets, or where a technique is used to derive

the valuation but where all significant inputs to that technique are observable.

These include: many OTC derivatives, many investment-grade listed credit bonds, some CDS.

Level 3 – Instruments valued using valuation techniques using market data which is not directly observable are

instruments where the fair value cannot be determined directly by reference to market-observable information, and

some other pricing technique must be employed. Instruments classified in this category have an input to that technique

which is unobservable and can have a significant impact on the fair value.

These include: more-complex OTC derivatives, distressed debt, highly-structured bonds, illiquid asset-backed securities

(ABS), illiquid CDO’s (cash and synthetic), some private equity placements, many CRE loans, illiquid loans, and some

municipal bonds.

259

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Financial instruments held at fair value

		Dec 31, 2025						Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Quoted prices in active market (Level 1)		Valuation technique observable parameters (Level 2)		Valuation technique unobservable parameters (Level 3)		Quoted prices in active market (Level 1)		Valuation technique observable parameters (Level 2)		Valuation technique unobservable parameters (Level 3)
Financial assets held at fair value:
Trading assets		64,552		78,554		10,705		52,387		78,237		9,148
Trading securities		62,958		63,987		3,635		52,387		69,507		2,964
Other trading assets		1,593		14,567		7,070		—		8,730		6,184
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		1,273		233,373		7,008		940		282,927		7,933
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		1,570		117,244		5,681		1,346		107,173		5,805
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		25,262		16,034		2,348		21,901		16,806		3,383
Other financial assets at fair value		1,594		(821)1		22		1,460		(1,135)1		12
Total financial assets held at fair value		94,250		444,384		25,764		78,034		484,008		26,281
Financial liabilities held at fair value:
Trading liabilities		33,727		9,127		25		30,765		12,614		119
Trading securities		33,727		7,391		23		30,765		11,073		26
Other trading liabilities		—		1,735		2		—		1,542		93
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		2,770		217,119		5,938		2,238		265,464		8,707
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		154		109,354		5,547		—		87,479		4,569
Investment contract liabilities		—		469		—		—		454		—
Other financial liabilities at fair value		375		(193)1		362		539		3,1011		(13)2
Total financial liabilities held at fair value		37,025		335,875		11,547		33,543		369,113		13,382

1Predominantly relates to derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

2Relates to derivatives which are embedded in contracts where the host contract is held at amortized cost but for which the embedded derivative is bifurcated and

reported separately. The separated embedded derivatives may have a positive or a negative fair value and classification presented in this table is consistent with the

classification of the host contract

During the year 2025, there were transfers in trading securities and non-trading financial assets from Level 1 to Level 2

amounting to € 2.4 billion of assets and € 0.8 billion of liabilities; along with transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 of

€ 8.4 billion in assets and € 1.5 billion in liabilities. The assessment of Level 1 versus Level 2 is based on liquidity testing

procedures.

260

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Analysis of financial instruments with fair value derived from valuation

techniques containing significant unobservable parameters (Level 3)

Some of the financial assets and financial liabilities in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy have identical or similar

offsetting exposures to the unobservable input. However, according to IFRS they are required to be presented gross.

Trading securities – Certain illiquid emerging market corporate bonds and illiquid highly structured corporate bonds are

included in this level of the hierarchy. In addition, some of the holdings of notes issued by securitization entities,

commercial and residential MBS, collateralized debt obligation securities and other ABS are reported here. The increase

in the period is driven by purchases and gains partially offset by sales, settlements and net transfers between Level 2 and

Level 3 due to changes in the observability of input parameters used to value these instruments.

Positive and negative market values from derivative instruments categorized in this level of the fair value hierarchy are

valued based on one or more significant unobservable parameters. The unobservable parameters may include certain

correlations, certain longer-term volatilities, certain prepayment rates, credit spreads and other transaction-specific

parameters.

Level 3 derivatives include certain options where the volatility is unobservable; certain basket options in which the

correlations between the referenced underlying assets are unobservable; longer-term interest rate option derivatives;

multi-currency foreign exchange derivatives; and certain credit default swaps for which the credit spread is not

observable.

The decrease in assets during the period are driven by net transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 due to changes in the

observability of input parameters used to value these instruments and settlements, partially offset by gains. The

decrease in liabilities during the period are driven by net transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 due to changes in the

observability of input parameters used to value these instruments and losses, partially offset by settlements.

Other trading instruments classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy mainly consist of traded loans valued using

valuation models based on one or more significant unobservable parameters. The increase in the period is driven by

issuances, purchases and net transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 due to changes in the observability of input

parameters used to value these instruments partially offset by sales, settlements and losses.

Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss classified in Level 3 of fair value hierarchy

include any non-trading financial asset that does not fall into the Hold to Collect nor Hold to Collect and Sell business

models. This includes predominately reverse repurchase agreements which are managed on a fair value basis.

Additionally, any financial asset that falls into the Hold to Collect or Hold to Collect and Sell business models for which

the contractual cash flow characteristics are not SPPI. The decrease in the period is driven by net transfers between

Level 2 and Level 3 due to changes in the observability of input parameters used to value these instruments, settlements,

sales and losses partially offset by purchases and issuances.

Financial assets/liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss – Certain corporate loans and structured

liabilities which were designated at fair value through profit or loss under the fair value option were categorized in this

level of the fair value hierarchy. The corporate loans are valued using valuation techniques which incorporate observable

credit spreads, recovery rates and unobservable utilization parameters. Revolving loan facilities are reported in the third

level of the hierarchy because the utilization in the event of the default parameter is significant and unobservable.

In addition, certain hybrid debt issuances designated at fair value through profit or loss containing embedded derivatives

are valued based on significant unobservable parameters. These unobservable parameters include single stock volatility

correlations. There are no assets designated at fair value during the period. The increase in liabilities during the period is

driven by issuances partially offset by net transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 due to changes in the observability of

input parameters used to value these instruments, settlements and losses.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income include non-performing loan portfolios where there is

no trading intent, and the market is very illiquid. The decrease in the period is driven by settlements, sales, losses and net

transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 due to changes in the observability of input parameters used to value these

instruments partially offset by purchases and issuances.

261

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Reconciliation of financial instruments classified in Level 3

Reconciliation of financial instruments classified in Level 3

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Balance, beginning of year		Changes in the group of consolidated companies		Total gains/ losses1		Purchases		Sales		Issuances2		Settlements3		Transfers into Level 34		Transfers out of Level 34		Balance, end of year
Financial assets held at fair value:
Trading securities		2,964		—		39		2,986		(1,837)		4		(402)		508		(626)		3,635
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		7,933		—		949		—		—		—		(351)		1,535		(3,058)		7,008
Other trading assets		6,184		—		(362)		1,231		(2,144)		3,301		(1,380)		447		(208)		7,070
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		5,805		(3)		(135)		1,849		(190)		782		(1,117)		71		(1,380)		5,681
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		3,383		—		(229)5		700		(431)		482		(1,552)		407		(412)		2,348
Other financial assets at fair value		12		—		(6)		—		—		—		—		20		(4)		22
Total financial assets held at fair value		26,281		(3)		2556,7		6,766		(4,602)		4,569		(4,802)		2,988		(5,688)		25,764
Financial liabilities held at fair value:
Trading securities		26		—		1		—		—		—		(4)		—		—		23
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		8,707		—		(1,122)		—		—		—		217		1,182		(3,047)		5,938
Other trading liabilities		93		—		1		—		—		—		(92)		—		—		2
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		4,569		—		(134)		—		—		3,255		(690)		508		(1,960)		5,547
Other financial liabilities at fair value		(13)		—		118		—		—		—		(1)		13		(81)		36
Total financial liabilities held at fair value		13,382		—		(1,136)6,7		—		—		3,255		(569)		1,704		(5,088)		11,547

1Total gains and losses predominantly relate to net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss reported in the consolidated statement of income. The total also includes net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Further, certain instruments are hedged with

instruments in Level 1 or Level 2 but the table above does not include the gains and losses on these hedging instruments. Additionally, both observable and unobservable parameters may be used to determine the fair value of an instrument classified within Level 3

2Issuances relate to the cash amount received on the issuance of a liability and the cash amount paid on the primary issuance of a loan to a borrower

3Settlements represent cash flows to settle the asset or liability. For debt and loan instruments this includes periodic and lump sum principal payments. For derivatives all cash flows are presented in settlements

4Transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 are related to changes in observability of input parameters. During the year they are recorded at their fair value at the beginning of year. For instruments transferred into Level 3 the table shows the gains and losses and cash flows on the instruments as if they had been transferred at the beginning of the year. Similarly, for instruments transferred out

of Level 3 the table does not show any gains or losses or cash flows on the instruments during the year since the table is presented as if they have been transferred out at the beginning of the year

5Total gains and losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income include a gain of € 14 million recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax and a gain of € 1 million recognized in the income statement presented in net gains (loss)

6This amount includes the effect of exchange rate changes. For total financial assets held at fair value this effect is a loss of € 802 million and for total financial liabilities held at fair value this is a gain of € 206 million

7For assets positive balances represent gains, negative balances represent losses. For liabilities positive balances represent losses, negative balances represent gains

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Balance, beginning of year		Changes in the group of consolidated companies		Total gains/ losses1		Purchases		Sales		Issuances2		Settlements3		Transfers into Level 34		Transfers out of Level 34		Balance, end of year
Financial assets held at fair value:
Trading securities		2,995		—		230		1,985		(1,558)		—		(482)		371		(577)		2,964
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		8,198		—		454		—		—		—		(583)		2,257		(2,394)		7,933
Other trading assets		6,226		—		77		814		(1,378)		2,513		(2,016)		706		(756)		6,184
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		5,226		(1)		88		1,736		(80)		736		(1,098)		365		(1,170)		5,805
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		2,949		—		1265		776		(378)		978		(1,322)		716		(462)		3,383
Other financial assets at fair value		5		—		3		—		—		—		—		5		(1)		12
Total financial assets held at fair value		25,599		(1)		9776,7		5,311		(3,393)		4,227		(5,501)		4,421		(5,359)		26,281
Financial liabilities held at fair value:
Trading securities		26		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		26
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		7,666		—		1,186		—		—		—		(175)		2,156		(2,126)		8,707
Other trading liabilities		—		—		—		—		—		—		93		—		—		93
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		3,248		—		129		—		—		2,958		(474)		377		(1,669)		4,569
Other financial liabilities at fair value		(85)		—		102		—		—		—		18		1		(49)		(13)
Total financial liabilities held at fair value		10,856		—		1,4176,7		—		—		2,958		(537)		2,533		(3,844)		13,382

1Total gains and losses predominantly relate to net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss reported in the consolidated statement of income. The total also includes net gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Further, certain instruments are hedged with

instruments in Level 1 or Level 2 but the table above does not include the gains and losses on these hedging instruments. Additionally, both observable and unobservable parameters may be used to determine the fair value of an instrument classified within Level 3

2Issuances relate to the cash amount received on the issuance of a liability and the cash amount paid on the primary issuance of a loan to a borrower

3Settlements represent cash flows to settle the asset or liability. For debt and loan instruments this includes periodic and lump sum principal payments. For derivatives all cash flows are presented in settlements

4Transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 are related to changes in observability of input parameters. During the period they are recorded at their fair value at the beginning of year. For instruments transferred into Level 3 the table shows the gains and losses and cash flows on the instruments as if they had been transferred at the beginning of the year. Similarly for instruments transferred

out of Level 3 the table does not show any gains or losses or cash flows on the instruments during the period since the table is presented as if they have been transferred out at the beginning of the year

5Total gains and losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income include a gain of € 29 million recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax

6This amount includes the effect of exchange rate changes. For total financial assets held at fair value this effect is a gain of € 362 million and for total financial liabilities held at fair value this is a loss of € 19 million

7For assets positive balances represent gains, negative balances represent losses. For liabilities positive balances represent losses, negative balances represent gains

262

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Sensitivity analysis of unobservable parameters

Where the value of financial instruments is dependent on unobservable parameter inputs, the precise level for these

parameters at the balance sheet date might be drawn from a range of reasonably possible alternatives. In preparing the

financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent

with prevailing market evidence and in line with the Group’s approach to valuation control detailed above.

If the Group marked Level 3 financial instruments using parameter values drawn from the extremes of the ranges of

reasonably possible alternatives, as of December 31, 2025 it could have increased fair value by as much as € 2.1 billion or

decreased fair value by as much as € 1.3 billion. As of December 31, 2024 it could have increased fair value by as much as

€ 2.1 billion or decreased fair value by as much as € 1.3 billion.

The changes in sensitive amounts from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 were an increase in positive fair value

movement of € 42 million, and a reduction in negative fair value movement of € 48 million.

The change in positive fair value movements from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 represents a 2% increase

and the change in negative fair value movements represents a 4% reduction. The Group’s sensitivity calculation of

unobservable parameters for Level 3 continues to align to the approach used to assess valuation uncertainty for prudent

valuation purposes.

Prudent valuation is a capital requirement for assets held at fair value. It provides a mechanism for quantifying and

capitalizing valuation uncertainty in accordance with the European Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/101,

which supplements Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No. 2019/876 (CRR), requiring institutions to apply the requirements of

Article 105 (14) to all assets measured at fair value and to deduct any additional value adjustments from CET1 capital.

This utilizes an exit price analysis performed for the relevant assets and liabilities in the prudent valuation assessment.

This disclosure is intended to illustrate the potential impact of the relative uncertainty in the fair value of financial

instruments for which valuation is dependent on unobservable input parameters. However, it is unlikely in practice that

all unobservable parameters would be simultaneously at the extremes of their ranges of reasonably possible alternatives.

Hence, the estimates disclosed above are likely to be greater than the true uncertainty in fair value at the balance sheet

date. Furthermore, the disclosure is neither predictive nor indicative of future movements in fair value.

For many of the financial instruments considered here, in particular derivatives, unobservable input parameters represent

only a subset of the parameters required to price the financial instrument, the remainder being observable. Hence, for

these instruments the overall impact of moving the unobservable input parameters to the extremes of their ranges might

be relatively small compared with the total fair value of the financial instrument. For other instruments, fair value is

determined based on the price of the entire instrument, for example, by adjusting the fair value of a reasonable proxy

instrument. In addition, all financial instruments are already carried at fair values which are inclusive of valuation

adjustments for the cost to close out that instrument and hence already factor in uncertainty as it reflects itself in market

pricing. Any negative impact of uncertainty calculated within this disclosure, then, will be over and above that already

included in the fair value contained in the financial statements.

263

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Breakdown of the sensitivity analysis by type of instrument1

		Dec 31, 2025				Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Positive fair value movement from using reasonable possible alternatives		Negative fair value movement from using reasonable possible alternatives		Positive fair value movement from using reasonable possible alternatives		Negative fair value movement from using reasonable possible alternatives
Securities:
Debt securities		237		219		308		276
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		13		13		17		17
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities		10		9		11		11
Corporate, sovereign and other debt securities		214		197		280		248
Equity securities		102		74		78		77
Derivatives:
Credit		261		127		207		105
Equity		74		36		36		33
Interest related		660		339		798		337
Foreign Exchange		64		46		56		24
Other		222		61		110		105
Loans		475		394		458		387
Other		—		—		—		—
Total		2,094		1,294		2,052		1,343

1Where the exposure to an unobservable parameter is offset across different instruments then only the net impact is disclosed in the table

264

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Quantitative information about the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs

The behavior of the unobservable parameters on Level 3 fair value measurement is not necessarily independent, and

dynamic relationships often exist between the other unobservable parameters and the observable parameters. Such

relationships, where material to the fair value of a given instrument, are explicitly captured via correlation parameters, or

are otherwise controlled via pricing models or valuation techniques. Frequently, where a valuation technique utilizes

more than one input, the choice of a certain input will bound the range of possible values for other inputs. In addition,

broader market factors (such as interest rates, equity, credit or commodity indices or foreign exchange rates) can also

have effects.

The range of values shown below represents the highest and lowest inputs used to value the significant exposures within

Level 3. The diversity of financial instruments that make up the disclosure is significant and therefore the ranges of

certain parameters can be large. For example, the range of credit spreads on mortgage-backed securities represents

performing, more liquid positions with lower spreads than the less liquid, non-performing positions which will have higher

credit spreads. As Level 3 contains the less liquid fair value instruments, the wide ranges of parameters seen is to be

expected, as there is a high degree of pricing differentiation within each exposure type to capture the relevant market

dynamics. The table below provides a brief description of each of the principal parameter types, along with a

commentary on significant interrelationships between them.

Credit parameters are used to assess the creditworthiness of an exposure, by enabling the probability of default and

resulting losses of a default to be represented. The credit spread is the primary reflection of creditworthiness and

represents the premium or yield return above the benchmark reference instrument (typically risk free rate, or relevant

treasury instrument, depending upon the asset being assessed), that a bond holder would require to allow for the credit

quality difference between that entity and the reference benchmark. Higher credit spreads will indicate lower credit

quality, and lead to a lower value for a given bond, or other loan-asset that is to be repaid to the bank by the borrower.

Recovery rates represent an estimate of the amount a lender would receive in the case of a default of a loan, or a bond

holder would receive in the case of default of the bond. Higher recovery rates will give a higher valuation for a given bond

position, if other parameters are held constant. Constant default rate and constant prepayment rate allow more complex

loan and debt assets to be assessed, as these parameters estimate the ongoing defaults arising on scheduled repayments

and coupons, or whether the borrower is making additional (usually voluntary) prepayments. These parameters are

particularly relevant when forming a fair value opinion for mortgage or other types of lending, where repayments are

delivered by the borrower through time, or where the borrower may pre-pay the loan (seen for example in some

residential mortgages). Higher constant default rate will lead to lower valuation of a given loan or mortgage as the lender

will ultimately receive less cash.

Interest rates, credit spreads, inflation rates, foreign exchange rates and equity prices are referenced in some option

instruments, or other complex derivatives, where the payoff a holder of the derivative will receive is dependent upon the

behavior of these underlying references through time. Volatility parameters describe key attributes of option behavior by

enabling the variability of returns of the underlying instrument to be assessed. This volatility is a measure of probability,

with higher volatilities denoting higher probabilities of a particular outcome occurring. The underlying references

(interest rates, credit spreads etc.) have an effect on the valuation of options, by describing the size of the return that can

be expected from the option. Therefore, the value of a given option is dependent upon the value of the underlying

instrument, and the volatility of that instrument, representing the size of the payoff, and the probability of that payoff

occurring. Where volatilities are high, the option holder will see a higher option value as there is greater probability of

positive returns. A higher option value will also occur where the payoff described by the option is significant.

Correlations are used to describe influential relationships between underlying references where a derivative or other

instrument has more than one underlying reference. Behind some of these relationships, for example commodity

correlation and interest rate-foreign exchange correlations, typically lie macroeconomic factors such as the impact of

global demand on groups of commodities, or the pricing parity effect of interest rates on foreign exchange rates. More

specific relationships can exist between credit references or equity stocks in the case of credit derivatives and equity

basket derivatives, for example. Credit correlations are used to estimate the relationship between the credit performance

of a range of credit names, and stock correlations are used to estimate the relationship between the returns of a range of

equities. A derivative with a correlation exposure will be either long- or short-correlation. A high correlation suggests a

strong relationship between the underlying references is in force, and this will lead to an increase in value of a long-

correlation derivative. Negative correlations suggest that the relationship between underlying references is opposing,

i.e., an increase in price of one underlying reference will lead to a reduction in the price of the other.

An EBITDA multiple approach can be used in the valuation of less liquid securities. Under this approach the enterprise

value (‘EV’) of an entity can be estimated via identifying the ratio of the EV to EBITDA of a comparable observable entity

and applying this ratio to the EBITDA of the entity for which a valuation is being estimated. Under this approach a

liquidity adjustment is often applied due to the difference in liquidity between the generally listed comparable used and

the company under valuation. A higher EV/EBITDA multiple will result in a higher fair value.

265

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Financial instruments classified in Level 3 and quantitative information about unobservable inputs

		Dec 31, 2025
		Fair value
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Liabilities		Valuation technique(s)¹		Significant unobservable input(s) (Level 3)		Range
Financial instruments held at fair value -Non-Derivative financial instruments held at fair value:
Mortgage and other asset backed securities held for trading:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		42		—		Price based		Price		0%		101%
						Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		194		1,019
Mortgage- and other asset- backed securities		91		—		Price based		Price		0%		105%
						Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		98		1,166
								Recovery rate		7%		85%
								Constant default rate		0%		4%
								Constant prepayment rate		1%		37%
Total mortgage- and other asset- backed securities		133		—
Debt securities and other debt obligations		5,320		5,503		Price based		Price		0%		300%
Held for trading		3,447		19		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		5		696
Corporate, sovereign and other debt securities		3,447
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		1,474
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		0		5,484
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		399
Equity securities		816		4		Market approach		Price per net asset value		0%		100%
Held for trading		55		4				Enterprise value/EBITDA (multiple)		1		14
								Enterprise value/Revenue (multiple)		4		14
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		761				Discounted cash flow		Weighted average cost capital		9%		20%
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		0				Price based		Price		0%		2500%
Loans		11,293		2		Price based		Price		0%		300%
Held for trading		6,913		2		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		94		3,106
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		2,490
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		0						Recovery rate		40%		75%
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		1,890
Loan commitments				2		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		153		978
								Recovery rate		70%		84%
						Loan pricing model		Utilization		0%		100%
Other financial instruments		1,1722		613		Discounted cash flow		IRR		7%		13%
								Repo rate (bps)		8		285
Total non-derivative financial instruments held at fair value		18,734		5,572

1 Valuation technique(s) and subsequently the significant unobservable input(s) relate to the respective total position

266

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

2Other financial assets include € 157 million of other trading assets, € 1 billion of other non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value, and € 59 million other financial

assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

3Other financial liabilities include € 61 million of securities sold under repurchase agreements designated at fair value

		Dec 31, 2025
		Fair value
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Liabilities		Valuation technique(s)		Significant unobservable input(s) (Level 3)		Range
Financial instruments held at fair value:
Market values from derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate derivatives		3,798		2,950		Discounted cash flow		Swap rate (bps)		(720)		3,818
								Inflation swap rate		0%		8%
								Constant default rate		1%		11%
								Constant prepayment rate		2%		16%
						Option pricing model		Inflation volatility		0%		8%
								Interest rate volatility		0%		2%
								IR - IR correlation		(10)%		95%
								Hybrid correlation		(56)%		95%
Credit derivatives		556		603		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		12		1,277
								Recovery rate		15%		94%
						Option pricing model		Credit volatility		5%		90%
						Correlation pricing model		Credit correlation
Equity derivatives		481		572		Option pricing model		Stock volatility		1%		101%
								Index volatility		6%		17%
								Index - index correlation
								Stock - stock correlation
								Stock Forwards		0%		5%
								Index Forwards		0%		6%
FX derivatives		1,523		1,561		Option pricing model		Volatility		(9)%		57%
								Quoted Vol
						Discounted cash flow		Swap rate (bps)		(2)		100
Other derivatives		673		2891		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		201		568
						Option pricing model		Index volatility		0%		116%
								Price		0%		677%
								Commodity correlation		(22)%		98%
Total market values from derivative financial instruments		7,030		5,974

1Includes derivatives which are embedded in contracts where the host contract is held at amortized cost but for which the embedded derivative is separated

267

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

		Dec 31, 2024
		Fair value
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Liabilities		Valuation technique(s)¹		Significant unobservable input(s) (Level 3)		Range
Financial instruments held at fair value – Non-Derivative financial instruments held at fair value:
Mortgage and other asset backed securities held for trading:
Commercial mortgage-backed securities		31		—		Price based		Price		0%		102%
						Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		167		1,486
Mortgage- and other asset- backed securities		93		—		Price based		Price		0%		107%
						Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		106		1,027
								Recovery rate		60%		85%
								Constant default rate		0%		4%
								Constant prepayment rate		4%		18%
Total mortgage- and other asset- backed securities		124		—
Debt securities and other debt obligations		4,379		4,537		Price based		Price		0%		300%
Held for trading		2,726		26		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		9		651
Corporate, sovereign and other debt securities		2,726
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		1,499
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		4,512
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		154
Equity securities		809		—		Market approach		Price per net asset value		0%		100%
Held for trading		114		—				Enterprise value/EBITDA (multiple)		5		14
								Enterprise value/Revenue (multiple)		1		15
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		695				Discounted cash flow		Weighted average cost capital		9%		20%
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		—				Price based		Price		0%		100%
Loans		10,817		93		Price based		Price		0%		123%
Held for trading		5,931		93		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		100		1,621
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		1,779
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—				Recovery rate		40%		84%
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		3,107
Loan commitments		—		6		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		226		954
								Recovery rate		40%		84%
						Loan pricing model		Utilization		0%		100%
Other financial instruments		2,2082		513		Discounted cash flow		IRR		7%		13%
								Repo rate (bps)		30		285
Total non-derivative financial instruments held at fair value		18,336		4,688

1Valuation technique(s) and subsequently the significant unobservable input(s) relate to the respective total position

2Other financial assets include € 253 million of other trading assets, € 1.8 billion of other non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value, and € 123 million other

financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

268

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

3Other financial liabilities include € 51 million of securities sold under repurchase agreements designated at fair value

		Dec 31, 2024
		Fair value
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Assets		Liabilities		Valuation technique(s)		Significant unobservable input(s) (Level 3)		Range
Financial instruments held at fair value:
Market values from derivative financial instruments:
Interest rate derivatives		5,218		5,207		Discounted cash flow		Swap rate (bps)		(4,176)		3,975
								Inflation swap rate		0%		5%
								Constant default rate		0%		12%
								Constant prepayment rate		4%		16%
						Option pricing model		Inflation volatility		0%		6%
								Interest rate volatility		0%		3%
								IR - IR correlation		(10)%		99%
								Hybrid correlation		(70)%		55%
Credit derivatives		510		562		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		15		1,148
								Recovery rate		0%		40%
						Correlation pricing model		Credit correlation		0%		0%
Equity derivatives		642		1,201		Option pricing model		Stock volatility		2%		86%
								Index volatility		9%		27%
								Index - index correlation		0%		0%
								Stock - stock correlation		0%		0%
								Stock Forwards		0%		1%
								Index Forwards		0%		1%
FX derivatives		995		1,470		Option pricing model		Volatility		(9)%		33%
								Quoted Vol		0%		0%
						Discounted cash flow		Swap rate (bps)		(3)		100
Other derivatives		580		2541		Discounted cash flow		Credit spread (bps)		286		626
						Option pricing model		Index volatility		0%		160%
								Price		17%		75%
								Commodity correlation		0%		87%
Total market values from derivative financial instruments		7,945		8,694

1Includes derivatives which are embedded in contracts where the host contract is held at amortized cost but for which the embedded derivative is separated

269

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	13 — Financial Instruments carried at Fair Value

Unrealized gains or losses on Level 3 instruments held or in issue at the reporting

date

The unrealized gains or losses on Level 3 Instruments are not solely due to unobservable parameters. Many of the

parameter inputs to the valuation of instruments in this level of the hierarchy are observable and the gain or loss is partly

due to movements in these observable parameters over the period. Many of the positions in this level of the hierarchy are

economically hedged by instruments which are categorized in other levels of the fair value hierarchy. The offsetting

gains and losses that have been recorded on all such hedges are not included in the table below, which only shows the

gains and losses related to the Level 3 classified instruments themselves held at the reporting date in accordance with

IFRS 13. The unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 instruments are included in both net interest income and net gains on

financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss in the consolidated income statement.

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Financial assets held at fair value:
Trading securities		38		113
Positive market values from derivative financial instruments		1,574		1,535
Other trading assets		(218)		(54)
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		93		57
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		—		(4)
Other financial assets at fair value		5		(3)
Total financial assets held at fair value		1,491		1,645
Financial liabilities held at fair value:
Trading securities		(1)		—
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments		(73)		(1,930)
Other trading liabilities		(1)		—
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		124		(104)
Other financial liabilities at fair value		(123)		(102)
Total financial liabilities held at fair value		(75)		(2,135)
Total		1,416		(490)

Recognition of trade date profit

If there are significant unobservable inputs used in a valuation technique on initial recognition, the financial instrument is

recognized at the transaction price and any trade date profit is deferred. The table below presents the movement during

the year of the trade date profits deferred due to significant unobservable parameters for financial instruments classified

at fair value through profit or loss. The balance is predominantly related to derivative instruments.

in € m.		2025		2024
Balance, beginning of year		691		577
New trades during the period		513		343
Amortization		(223)		(141)
Matured trades		(71)		(53)
Subsequent move to observability1		(38)		(36)2
Exchange rate changes		(5)		1
Balance, end of year		866		691

1This includes situations where an input remains unobservable but has become insignificant in relation to the deferred trade date profit in periods subsequent to the trade

date

2During the second quarter of 2024, the Group refined its methodology for the significance test of unobservable inputs subsequent to the trade date. This resulted in

release of € 15 million in the second quarter of 2024

270

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	14 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments not carried at Fair Value

14 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments not carried at Fair

Value

Financial instruments not carried at fair value are not managed on a fair value basis. For these instruments fair values are

calculated for disclosure purposes only and do not impact the Group’s balance sheet or income statement. Additionally,

since the instruments generally do not trade, there is significant management judgement required to determine these

fair values. Differences between the carrying value and the fair value as of December 31, 2025, are consistent with the

changes in the interest rate environment in the reporting period.

For the following financial instruments which are predominantly short-term, the carrying value represents a reasonable

estimate of the fair value:

Assets	Liabilities
Cash and central bank balances	Deposits
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)	Central bank funds purchased, and securities sold under repurchase agreements
Central bank funds sold, and securities purchased under resale agreements	Securities loaned
Securities borrowed	Other short-term borrowings
Other financial assets	Other financial liabilities

For all other financial instruments carried at amortized cost, the following valuation techniques are applied:

–On retail lending portfolios with a large number of homogeneous loans (e.g., residential mortgages), the fair value is

calculated for each product type by discounting the portfolio’s contractual cash flows using the Group’s new loan

rates, for lending to borrowers of similar credit quality, which includes the impact of the macroeconomic environment.

Key inputs for retail mortgages are the difference between historic and current product margins and the estimated

prepayment rates. Capitalized broker fees included in the carrying value are also considered to be at fair value.

–The fair value of the corporate lending portfolio is estimated predominantly by discounting the loan until its maturity,

based on the loan specific credit spreads and funding costs for the Group.

–For long-term debt and trust preferred securities, the fair value is determined from quoted market prices, where

available. Where quoted market prices are not available, the fair value is estimated by using a valuation technique that

discounts the remaining contractual cash flows at a rate at which an instrument with similar characteristics is quoted

in the market.

–A discounted cash flow model is generally used for determining the fair value of long-term deposits since market data

is usually not available. In addition to the yield curve, Deutsche Bank’s own credit spreads are also considered. Credit

spreads of the respective counterparties are not used in the measurement of fair values on financial liabilities at

amortized cost.

For these financial instruments carried at amortized costs, the disclosed fair value is categorized under the IFRS fair value

hierarchy (i.e., Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3) as outlined in Note “Financial Instruments carried at fair value”. In general,

Level 1 includes Cash and Central bank balances; Level 2 includes Interbank balances (w/o central banks), Central bank

funds sold, and securities purchased under resale agreements, Securities borrowed, Other financial assets, Deposits,

Central bank funds purchased, and securities sold under repurchase agreements, Securities loaned, Other short- term

borrowings, Other financial liabilities, Long- term debt and Trust preferred securities; and Level 3 includes Loans.

271

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	14 — Fair Value of Financial Instruments not carried at Fair Value

Estimated fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value on the balance sheet1

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Carrying value		Fair value		Quoted prices in active market (Level 1)		Valuation technique observable parameters (Level 2)		Valuation technique unobservable parameters (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and central bank balances		164,659		164,659		164,659		—		—
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		6,962		6,962		—		6,962		—
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		37,509		37,535		—		37,535		—
Securities borrowed		6		6		—		6		—
Loans		478,214		466,128		—		13,175		452,954
Other financial assets		158,129		157,433		29,214		127,730		490
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		694,580		694,445		1		694,445		—
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements		4,177		4,173		—		4,173		—
Securities loaned		2		2		—		2		—
Other short-term borrowings		18,204		18,211		—		18,211		—
Other financial liabilities		123,451		123,451		2,381		121,070		—
Long-term debt		114,754		115,463		—		113,663		1,800
Trust preferred securities		283		297		—		297		—

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Carrying value		Fair value		Quoted prices in active market (Level 1)		Valuation technique observable parameters (Level 2)		Valuation technique unobservable parameters (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and central bank balances		147,494		147,494		147,494		—		—
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		6,160		6,160		—		6,160		—
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		40,803		40,923		—		40,923		—
Securities borrowed		44		44		—		44		—
Loans		483,897		470,058		—		13,338		456,720
Other financial assets		92,572		91,214		12,063		78,482		669
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		667,700		667,609		2		667,607		—
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements		3,740		3,727		—		3,727		—
Securities loaned		2		2		—		2		—
Other short-term borrowings		9,895		9,903		—		9,903		—
Other financial liabilities		79,371		79,371		2,237		77,134		—
Long-term debt		114,899		114,496		—		112,033		2,463
Trust preferred securities		287		273		—		273		—

1Amounts are generally presented on a gross basis, in line with the Group’s accounting policy regarding offsetting of financial instruments as described in “Note 01 –

Material accounting policies and critical accounting estimates”

As of December 31, 2025, the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of loans is primarily driven by

current interest rates on long-dated retail mortgages in Germany compared to the contractual rate. For long-term debt

and trust preferred securities, the difference between the fair value and the carrying value is due to changes in interest

rates at which the Group could issue debt with similar maturity and subordination at the balance sheet date compared to

the rate the instrument was issued at. The carrying values included in the table do not include any impacts from

economic hedges.

272

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	15 — Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

15 — Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive

income

in € m.		December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Securities purchased under resale agreement		1,128		2,786
Debt securities:
German government		4,231		2,006
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies		9,654		10,640
U.S. local (municipal) governments		1,359		719
Other foreign governments		19,692		18,661
Corporates		201		189
Other asset-backed securities		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities, including obligations of U.S. federal agencies		463		414
Other debt securities		2,484		1,607
Total debt securities		38,084		34,236
Loans		4,432		5,068
Total financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		43,644		42,090

16 — Equity Method Investments

Investments in associates and jointly controlled entities are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

The Group holds interests in 43 associates and 8 jointly controlled entities as of December 31, 2025 (49 and 8,

respectively, as of December 31, 2024). None of the investments are considered to be material to the Group, based on

the carrying value of the investment or the Group’s income from the investee.

Aggregated financial information on the Group’s share in associates and joint ventures that are individually immaterial

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Carrying amount of all associates that are individually immaterial to the Group		924		1,028
Aggregated amount of the Group's share of profit (loss) from continuing operations		35		(4)
Aggregated amount of the Group's share of post-tax profit (loss) from discontinued operations		—		—
Aggregated amount of the Group's share of other comprehensive income		17		(1)
Aggregated amount of the Group's share of total comprehensive income		52		(5)

273

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	17 — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

17 — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

The Group is eligible to present certain financial assets and financial liabilities on a net basis on the balance sheet

pursuant to criteria described in Note 01 “Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates: Offsetting

Financial Instruments”.

The following tables provide information on the impact of offsetting on the consolidated balance sheet, as well as the

financial impact of netting for instruments subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement as

well as available cash and financial instrument collateral.

Assets

		Dec 31, 2025
								Amounts not set off on the balance sheet
in € m.		Gross amounts of financial assets		Gross amounts set off on the balance sheet		Net amounts of financial assets presented on the balance sheet		Impact of Master Netting Agreements		Cash collateral		Financial instrument collateral¹		Net amount
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (enforceable)		60,976		(24,458)		36,518		—		—		(36,518)		—
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (non-enforceable)		991		—		991		—		—		(858)		133
Securities borrowed (enforceable)		6		—		6		—		—		(6)		—
Securities borrowed (non-enforceable)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (enforceable)		605,232		(261,170)		344,062		(182,554)		(34,862)		(118,239)		8,407
Of which: Positive market values from derivative financial instruments (enforceable)		246,257		(13,232)		233,025		(180,780)		(34,833)		(9,221)		8,191
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (non-enforceable)		175,898		—		175,898		—		(1,112)		(4,223)		170,563
Of which: Positive market values from derivative financial instruments (non-enforceable)		8,629		—		8,629		—		(991)		(659)		6,979
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss2		781,130		(261,170)		519,960		(182,554)		(35,974)		(122,462)		178,970
Loans at amortized cost		478,214		—		478,214		—		(10,924)		(77,530)		389,761
Other assets		172,128		(4,968)		167,159		(25,790)		(75)		(33)		141,262
Of which: Positive market values from derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting (enforceable)		830		(35)		795		(472)		(73)		(33)		217
Remaining assets subject to netting		1,128		—		1,128		—		—		—		1,128
Remaining assets not subject to netting		235,896		—		235,896		—		(293)		(1,908)		233,696
Total assets		1,730,469		(290,597)		1,439,873		(208,344)		(47,265)		(239,315)		944,950

1Excludes real estate and other non-financial instrument collateral.

2In accordance with Note 12 ‘Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’ the position is predominately comprised of trading securities (asset), trading

securities (liability), securities purchased and sold under resale agreements accounted at fair value through profit or loss as well as positive and negative market values

from derivative financial instruments

274

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	17 — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Liabilities

		Dec 31, 2025
								Amounts not set off on the balance sheet
in € m.		Gross amounts of financial liabilities		Gross amounts set off on the balance sheet		Net amounts of financial liabilities presented on the balance sheet		Impact of Master Netting Agreements		Cash collateral		Financial instrument collateral		Net amount
Deposits		694,580		—		694,580		—		—		—		694,580
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (enforceable)		26,665		(24,458)		2,207		—		—		(2,205)		2
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (non-enforceable)		1,970		—		1,970		—		—		(5)		1,965
Securities loaned (enforceable)		2		—		2		—		—		(2)		—
Securities loaned (non-enforceable)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (enforceable)		608,837		(261,191)		347,646		(182,953)		(24,052)		(85,185)		55,456
Of which: Negative market values from derivative financial instruments (enforceable)		233,209		(13,734)		219,474		(181,109)		(24,052)		(1,737)		12,576
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (non-enforceable)		36,584		—		36,584		—		(502)		(969)		35,113
Of which: Negative market values from derivative financial instruments (non- enforceable)		6,352		—		6,352		—		(502)		(85)		5,766
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss1		645,421		(261,191)		384,230		(182,953)		(24,554)		(86,154)		90,568
Other liabilities		142,609		(4,948)		137,662		(36,132)		(13)		(2)		101,516
Of which: Negative market values from derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting (enforceable)		187		(16)		172		(142)		(13)		(2)		15
Remaining liabilities not subject to netting		136,937		—		136,937		—		—		—		136,937
Total liabilities		1,648,184		(290,597)		1,357,588		(219,085)		(24,567)		(88,368)		1,025,568

1 In accordance with Note 12 ‘Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’ the position is predominately comprised of trading securities (asset), trading

securities (liability), securities purchased and sold under resale agreements accounted at fair value through profit or loss as well as positive and negative market values

from derivative financial instruments

275

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	17 — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Assets

		Dec 31, 2024
								Amounts not set off on the balance sheet
in € m.		Gross amounts of financial assets		Gross amounts set off on the balance sheet		Net amounts of financial assets presented on the balance sheet		Impact of Master Netting Agreements		Cash collateral		Financial instrument collateral¹		Net amount
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (enforceable)		54,483		(14,429)		40,053		—		—		(39,831)		223
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (non-enforceable)		749		—		749		—		—		(749)		—
Securities borrowed (enforceable)		32		—		32		—		—		(32)		—
Securities borrowed (non-enforceable)		11		—		11		—		—		—		11
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (enforceable)		615,693		(232,705)		382,988		(231,243)		(33,729)		(108,134)		9,882
Of which: Positive market values from derivative financial instruments (enforceable)		298,563		(16,164)		282,399		(229,605)		(33,689)		(9,392)		9,713
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (non-enforceable)		162,908		—		162,908		—		(1,303)		(6,993)		154,611
Of which: Positive market values from derivative financial instruments (non-enforceable)		9,400		—		9,400		—		(1,188)		(1,344)		6,868
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss2		778,601		(232,705)		545,895		(231,243)		(35,032)		(115,127)		164,494
Loans at amortized cost		483,897		—		483,897		—		(10,836)		(72,983)		400,078
Other assets		105,704		(4,526)		101,178		(24,750)		(52)		(30)		76,346
Of which: Positive market values from derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting (enforceable)		362		(25)		337		(210)		(52)		(30)		45
Remaining assets subject to netting		2,786		—		2,786		—		—		—		2,786
Remaining assets not subject to netting		216,430		—		216,430		—		(623)		(4,438)		211,369
Total assets		1,642,694		(251,661)		1,391,033		(255,993)		(46,543)		(233,190)		855,307

1 Excludes real estate and other non-financial instrument collateral.

2In accordance with Note 12 ‘Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’ the position is predominately comprised of trading securities (asset), trading

securities (liability), securities purchased and sold under resale agreements accounted at fair value through profit or loss as well as positive and negative market values

from derivative financial instruments

276

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	17 — Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Liabilities

		Dec 31, 2024
								Amounts not set off on the balance sheet
in € m.		Gross amounts of financial liabilities		Gross amounts set off on the balance sheet		Net amounts of financial liabilities presented on the balance sheet		Impact of Master Netting Agreements		Cash collateral		Financial instrument collateral		Net amount
Deposits		667,700		—		667,700		—		—		—		667,700
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (enforceable)		16,819		(14,429)		2,390		—		—		(2,390)		—
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (non-enforceable)		1,350		—		1,350		—		—		(123)		1,227
Securities loaned (enforceable)		1		—		1		—		—		(1)		—
Securities loaned (non-enforceable)		1		—		1		—		—		(1)		—
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (enforceable)		609,711		(232,683)		377,028		(230,472)		(23,677)		(66,495)		56,383
Of which: Negative market values from derivative financial instruments (enforceable)		284,351		(16,613)		267,738		(228,718)		(23,677)		(2,458)		12,884
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (non-enforceable)		35,382		—		35,382		—		(607)		(3,332)		31,442
Of which: Negative market values from derivative financial instruments (non- enforceable)		8,672		—		8,672		—		(607)		(142)		7,923
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss2		645,092		(232,683)		412,409		(230,472)		(24,285)		(69,828)		87,825
Other liabilities		100,165		(4,549)		95,616		(37,086)		(91)		(101)		58,338
Of which: Negative market values from derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting (enforceable)		1,699		(24)		1,676		(1,098)		(91)		(101)		386
Remaining liabilities not subject to netting		129,700		—		129,700		—		(6)		—		129,694
Total liabilities		1,560,829		(251,661)		1,309,168		(267,559)		(24,382)		(72,444)		944,784

1In accordance with Note 12 ‘Financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’ the position is predominately comprised of trading securities (asset), trading

securities (liability), securities purchased and sold under resale agreements accounted at fair value through profit or loss as well as positive and negative market values

from derivative financial instruments.

 

The column ‘Gross amounts set off on the balance sheet’ discloses the amounts offset in accordance with all the criteria

described in Note 01 “Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates: Offsetting Financial Instruments”.

The column ‘Impact of Master Netting Agreements’ discloses the amounts that are subject to master netting agreements

but were not offset because they did not meet the net settlement/simultaneous settlement criteria; or because the

rights of set off are conditional upon the default of the counterparty only. The amounts presented for other assets and

other liabilities include cash margin receivables and payables respectively.

The columns ‘Cash collateral’ and ‘Financial instrument collateral’ disclose the cash and financial instrument collateral

amounts received or pledged in relation to the total amounts of assets and liabilities, including those that were not

offset.

Non-enforceable master netting agreements or similar agreements refer to contracts executed in jurisdictions where the

rights of set off may not be upheld under the local bankruptcy laws.

The cash collateral received against the positive market values of derivatives and the cash collateral pledged towards the

negative mark-to-market values of derivatives are booked within the ‘Other liabilities’ and ‘Other assets’ balances

respectively.

The Cash and Financial instrument collateral amounts disclosed reflect their fair values. The rights of set off relating to

the cash and financial instrument collateral are conditional upon the default of the counterparty.

277

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	18 — Loans

18 — Loans

The entire loan book presented includes loans classified at amortized cost, loans at fair value through other

comprehensive income and loans at fair value through profit and loss.

The below table gives an overview of the Group’s loan exposure by industry, and is based on the NACE (Nomenclature

des Activités Économiques dans la Communauté Européenne) code of the counterparty. NACE is a standard European

industry classification system.

Loans by industry classification

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		348		336
Mining and quarrying		3,634		4,342
Manufacturing		28,251		28,359
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		5,129		5,017
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		717		598
Construction		5,313		4,604
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		22,347		22,481
Transport and storage		4,716		5,347
Accommodation and food service activities		3,674		2,749
Information and communication		10,511		9,940
Financial and insurance activities		138,488		133,350
Real estate activities		47,153		51,535
Professional, scientific and technical activities		10,497		6,623
Administrative and support service activities		7,171		9,496
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		8,152		6,235
Education		325		313
Human health services and social work activities		3,907		4,170
Arts, entertainment and recreation		881		840
Other service activities		9,906		7,341
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		193,777		204,282
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		16		22
Gross loans		504,914		507,981
(Deferred expense)/unearned income		1,191		1,352
Loans less (deferred expense)/unearned income		503,723		506,629
Less: Allowance for loan losses		6,074		5,697
Total loans		497,648		500,932

278

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	19 — Allowance for Credit Losses

19 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses consists of allowance for financial assets at amortized cost, financial assets at fair value

through OCI and off-balance sheet lending commitments and guarantee business.

Development of allowance for credit losses for financial assets at amortized cost

		Dec 31, 2025
		Allowance for Credit Losses1
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI2		Total
Balance, beginning of year		438		736		4,412		213		5,799
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		(90)		178		1,663		9		1,760
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		119		(85)		(35)		N/M		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Changes in models3		(63)		91		(155)		—		(127)
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period4		—		—		(1,002)		—		(1,002)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		164		—		164
Foreign exchange and other changes		18		(33)		(447)		25		(437)
Balance, end of reporting period		421		888		4,600		247		6,156
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk5		(34)		185		1,473		9		1,633

N/M – Not meaningful

1 Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 7 million as of December 31, 2025

2 The total amount of undiscounted expected credit losses at initial recognition on financial assets that are purchased or originated credit-impaired initially recognized

during the reporting period was € 74 million in 2025 and € — million in 2024

3  Changes in models primarily reflect LGD model update and changes to the SICR model

4 This position represents charge offs of allowance for credit losses

5 Movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in creditworthiness and changes in models add up to Provision for Credit Losses excluding

country risk

		Dec 31, 2024
		Allowance for Credit Losses1
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI2		Total
Balance, beginning of year		447		680		3,960		198		5,285
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		(150)		194		1,814		3		1,861
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		128		(128)		—		N/M		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Changes in models		(2)		(7)		—		—		(9)
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period³		—		—		(1,229)		—		(1,229)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		157		—		157
Foreign exchange and other changes		15		(3)		(290)		11		(267)
Balance, end of reporting period		438		736		4,412		213		5,799
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk4		(24)		59		1,814		3		1,852

N/M – Not meaningful

1 Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 14 million as of December 31, 2024

2 The total amount of undiscounted expected credit losses at initial recognition on financial assets that are purchased or originated credit-impaired initially recognized

during the reporting period was €— million in 2024 and €— million in 2023

3This position represents charge offs of allowance for credit losses

4Movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in creditworthiness and changes in models add up to Provision for Credit Losses excluding

country risk

		Dec 31, 2023
		Allowance for Credit Losses1
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI2		Total
Balance, beginning of year		533		626		3,656		180		4,995
Movements in financial assets including new business and credit extensions		(195)		294		1,647		32		1,778
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		170		(150)		(20)		N/M		—
Changes due to modifications that did not result in derecognition		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M		N/M
Changes in models		(57)		(53)		—		—		(110)
Financial assets that have been derecognized during the period³		—		—		(1,145)		(52)		(1,197)
Recovery of written off amounts		—		—		93		—		93
Foreign exchange and other changes		(3)		(38)		(271)		38		(273)
Balance, end of reporting period		447		680		3,960		198		5,285
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk4		(83)		92		1,627		32		1,668

279

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	19 — Allowance for Credit Losses

N/M – Not meaningful

1 Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 4 million as of December 31, 2023

2 The total amount of undiscounted expected credit losses at initial recognition on financial assets that are purchased or originated credit-impaired initially recognized

during the reporting period was € — million in 2023 and € 46 million in 2022

3This position represents charge offs of allowance for credit losses

4Movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in creditworthiness and changes in models add up to Provision for Credit Losses excluding

country risk

Allowance for credit losses for financial assets at fair value through OCI1

		December 31, 2025
		Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Fair Value through OCI		12		22		14		—		48

1  Allowance for credit losses against financial assets at fair value through OCI remained at very low levels (€ 38 million at December 31, 2024 and € 48 million as of

December 31, 2025). Due to immateriality, no details on the year-over-year development is provided.

		December 31, 2024
		Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Fair Value through OCI		12		16		10		—		38

1Allowance for credit losses against financial assets at fair value through OCI were almost unchanged at very low levels (€ 48 million at December 31, 2023 and

€ 38 million as of December 31, 2024). Due to immateriality, no details on the year-over-year development is provided.

		December 31, 2023
		Allowance for Credit Losses
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Fair Value through OCI		13		13		22		—		48

1Allowance for credit losses against financial assets at fair value through OCI were almost unchanged at very low levels (€ 69 millionat December 31, 2022 and € 48 million

as of December 31, 2023, respectively). Due to immateriality, no details on the year-over-year development is provided.

Development of allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet positions

		Dec 31, 2025
		Allowance for Credit Losses1
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		106		82		173		—		361
Movements including new business		(12)		25		38		2		53
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		4		(2)		(2)		N/M		—
Changes in models		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange and other changes		—		(8)		(13)		—		(21)
Balance, end of reporting period		98		96		196		2		393
of which: Financial guarantees		55		47		81		—		184
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk2		(8)		23		36		2		53

N/M – Not meaningful

1The above table breaks down the impact on provision for credit losses from movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in

creditworthiness and changes in models

2Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 12 million as of December 31, 2025

		Dec 31, 2024
		Allowance for Credit Losses1
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		117		88		187		—		393
Movements including new business		(22)		3		(19)		—		(38)
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		10		(9)		—		N/M		—
Changes in models		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange and other changes		1		(1)		5		—		6
Balance, end of reporting period		106		82		173		—		361
of which: Financial guarantees		67		49		99		—		214
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk2		(13)		(6)		(20)		—		(38)

N/M – Not meaningful

1The above table breaks down the impact on provision for credit losses from movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in

creditworthiness and changes in models

2Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 2 million as of December 31, 2024

280

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	19 — Allowance for Credit Losses

		Dec 31, 2023
		Allowance for Credit Losses1
in € m.		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Stage 3 POCI		Total
Balance, beginning of year		144		97		310		—		551
Movements including new business		(39)		(3)		(118)		—		(160)
Transfers due to changes in creditworthiness		11		(4)		(7)		N/M		—
Changes in models		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange and other changes		1		(2)		3		—		2
Balance, end of reporting period		117		88		187		—		393
of which: Financial guarantees		84		37		113		—		234
Provision for Credit Losses excluding country risk2		(28)		(7)		(125)		—		(160)

N/M – Not meaningful

1The above table breaks down the impact on provision for credit losses from movements in financial assets including new business, transfers due to changes in

creditworthiness and changes in models

2Allowance for credit losses does not include allowance for country risk amounting to € 9 million as of December 31, 2023

281

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	20 — Transfer of Financial Assets, Assets Pledged and Received as Collateral

20 — Transfer of Financial Assets, Assets Pledged and Received

as Collateral

The Group enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets held on the balance sheet and as a result may

either be eligible to derecognize the transferred asset in its entirety or must continue to recognize the transferred asset

to the extent of any continuing involvement, depending on certain criteria. These criteria are discussed in Note 01

“Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates”.

Where financial assets are not eligible to be derecognized, the transfers are viewed as secured financing transactions,

with any consideration received resulting in a corresponding liability. The Group is not entitled to use these financial

assets for any other purposes. The most common transactions of this nature entered into by the Group are repurchase

agreements, securities lending agreements and total return swaps, in which the Group retains substantially all of the

associated credit, equity price, interest rate and foreign exchange risks and rewards associated with the assets as well as

the associated income streams.

Information on asset types and associated transactions that did not qualify for derecognition

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Carrying amount of transferred assets
Trading securities not derecognized due to the following transactions:
Repurchase agreements		46,744		40,438
Securities lending agreements		10,344		8,313
Total return swaps		20,248		14,013
Other		1,503		2,523
Total trading securities		78,839		65,288
Other trading assets		40		51
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		32		107
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		11,198		5,134
Loans at amortized cost1		15		17
Others		11,568		4,335
Total		101,693		74,931
Carrying amount of associated liabilities		91,380		66,654

¹Other traded loans where the associated liability is recourse only to the transferred assets had carrying value and fair value of € 0 million and € 0 million as at December

31, 2025, and December 31, 2024 respectively. The associated liabilities had the same carrying value and fair value which resulted in a net position of € 0 million and € 0

million as at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 respectively

Carrying value of assets transferred to the Group has continuing involvement

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Carrying amount of the original assets transferred
Trading securities		1,016		1,073
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		—		—
Carrying amount of the assets continued to be recognized
Trading securities		21		26
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		—		—
Carrying amount of associated liabilities		40		52

The Group could retain some exposure to the future performance of a transferred asset either through new or existing

contractual rights and obligations and still be eligible to derecognize the asset. This ongoing involvement will be

recognized as a new instrument which may be different from the original financial asset that was transferred. Typical

transactions include retaining senior notes of non-consolidated securitizations to which originated loans have been

transferred; financing arrangements with structured entities to which the Group has sold a portfolio of assets; or sales of

assets with credit-contingent swaps. The Group’s exposure to such transactions is not considered to be significant as any

substantial retention of risks associated with the transferred asset will commonly result in an initial failure to

derecognize. Transactions not considered to result in an ongoing involvement include normal warranties on fraudulent

activities that could invalidate a transfer in the event of legal action, qualifying pass-through arrangements and standard

trustee or administrative fees that are not linked to performance.

282

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	20 — Transfer of Financial Assets, Assets Pledged and Received as Collateral

The impact on the Group’s Balance Sheet of on-going involvement associated with transferred assets derecognized in full

		Dec 31, 2025						Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Carrying value		Fair value		Maximum Exposure to Loss¹		Carrying value		Fair value		Maximum Exposure to Loss¹
Loans at amortized cost
Securitization notes		479		459		459		441		397		397
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans at amortized cost		479		459		459		441		397		397
Financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss
Securitization notes		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-standard Interest Rate, cross- currency or inflation-linked swap		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Securitization notes		532		466		466		669		560		560
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		532		466		466		669		560		560
Total financial assets representing on- going involvement		1,011		925		925		1,110		957		957
Financial liabilities held at fair value through profit or loss
Non-standard Interest Rate, cross- currency or inflation-linked swap		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total financial liabilities representing on- going involvement		—		—		—		—		—		—

1The maximum exposure to loss is defined as the carrying value plus the notional value of any undrawn loan commitments not recognized as liabilities

The impact on the Group’s Statement of Income of on-going involvement associated with transferred assets derecognized in full

		Dec 31, 2025						Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Year-to-date P&L		Cumulative P&L		Gain/(loss) on disposal		Year-to-date P&L		Cumulative P&L		Gain/(loss) on disposal
Securitization notes		38		239		23		50		220		25
Non-standard Interest Rate, cross- currency or inflation-linked swap		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net gains/(losses) recognized from on- going involvement in derecognized assets		38		239		23		50		220		25

The Group pledges assets primarily as collateral against secured funding and for repurchase agreements, securities

borrowing agreements as well as other borrowing arrangements and for margining purposes on OTC derivative liabilities.

Pledges are generally conducted under terms that are usual and customary for standard securitized borrowing contracts

and other transactions described. As at December 31, 2025 the bank had securitized loans of € 7 billion and the secured

own bonds were pledged as collateral into various market standard securities financing transactions. The encumbered

loans below include these balances.

283

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	20 — Transfer of Financial Assets, Assets Pledged and Received as Collateral

Carrying value of the Group’s assets pledged as collateral for liabilities or contingent liabilities1

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		70,166		58,749
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		11,329		5,263
Loans		37,996		41,758
Other		12,216		4,462
Total		131,708		110,232

1Excludes assets pledged as collateral from transactions that do not result in liabilities or contingent liabilities

Total assets pledged to creditors available for sale or repledge1

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		67,159		55,310
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		11,084		5,013
Loans		3,063		4,618
Other		11,569		2,904
Total		92,875		67,845

1Includes assets pledged as collateral from transactions that do not result in liabilities or contingent liabilities

The Group receives collateral primarily in reverse repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements, derivatives

transactions, customer margin loans and other transactions. These transactions are generally conducted under terms

that are usual and customary for standard secured lending activities and the other transactions described. The Group, as

the secured party, has the right to sell or re-pledge such collateral, subject to the Group returning equivalent securities

upon completion of the transaction. This right is used primarily to cover short sales, securities loaned and securities sold

under repurchase agreements.

Fair Value of collateral received

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Securities and other financial assets accepted as collateral		557,837		479,022
Of which:
Collateral sold or repledged		431,792		366,245

284

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	21 — Property and Equipment

21 — Property and Equipment

in € m.		Owner occupied properties		Furniture and equipment		Leasehold improvements		Construction-in- progress		Property and equipment owned (IAS 16)		Right-of-use for leased assets (IFRS 16)		Total
Cost of acquisition:
Balance as of January 1, 2024		441		2,393		3,078		461		6,374		6,507		12,881
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		(1)		—		—		(1)		—		(1)
Additions		1		128		107		293		528		145		673
Transfers		106		77		334		(394)		122		237		360
Reclassifications (to)/ from “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Disposals		—		199		281		1		482		156		638
Exchange rate changes		(1)		33		59		1		93		115		208
Balance as of December 31, 2024		547		2,431		3,298		360		6,636		6,848		13,484
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Additions		1		95		49		297		443		102		545
Transfers		20		52		367		(439)		(1)		355		355
Reclassifications (to)/ from “held for sale”		—		—		(5)		—		(5)		—		(5)
Disposals		3		109		148		—		260		132		392
Exchange rate changes		—		(88)		(132)		(3)		(223)		(254)		(477)
Balance as of December 31, 2025		564		2,381		3,429		215		6,590		6,920		13,510
Accumulated depreciation and impairment:
Balance as of January 1, 2024		264		2,033		1,900		1		4,198		2,498		6,696
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		(1)		—		—		(1)		—		(1)
Depreciation		5		126		266		—		397		548		945
Impairment losses		14		1		19		—		34		34		67
Reversals of impairment losses		—		—		—		—		—		2		2
Transfers		104		20		1		1		126		—		126
Reclassifications (to)/ from “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Disposals		—		196		278		1		475		153		628
Exchange rate changes		—		29		29		—		57		30		87
Balance as of December 31, 2024		386		2,014		1,936		1		4,337		2,954		7,291
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Depreciation		8		123		265		—		397		511		908
Impairment losses		—		—		2		—		2		7		9
Reversals of impairment losses		—		—		—		—		—		6		6
Transfers		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Reclassifications (to)/ from “held for sale”		—		—		(3)		—		(3)		—		(3)
Disposals		3		108		132		—		244		131		375
Exchange rate changes		—		(75)		(73)		—		(149)		(88)		(237)
Balance as of December 31, 2025		391		1,954		1,994		1		4,340		3,246		7,586
Carrying amount:
Balance as of December 31, 2024		161		417		1,361		360		2,299		3,894		6,193
Balance as of December 31, 2025		173		428		1,435		214		2,250		3,673		5,924

285

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	21 — Property and Equipment

Depreciation expenses, impairment losses and reversal of impairment losses on property and equipment are recorded

within general and administrative expenses for the income statement.

The carrying value of items of property and equipment on which there is a restriction on sale was less than € 1 million as

of December 31, 2025 and € 1 million as of December 31, 2024.

Commitments for the acquisition of property and equipment were € 1 million at year-end 2025 and € 24 million at year-

end 2024.

The Group leases many assets including land and buildings, vehicles and IT equipment for which it records right-of-use

assets. During 2025, additions to right-of-use assets amounted to € 102 million and largely reflected new real estate

leases. Depreciation charges of € 511 million recognized in 2025 mainly resulted from planned consumption of right-of-

use assets for property leases over their contractual terms. The carrying amount of right-of-use assets of € 3.7 billion

included in Total Property and equipment as of December 31, 2025 predominantly represented leased properties of

€ 3.7 billion and vehicle leases of € 19 million. For more information on the Group´s leased properties and related

disclosures required under IFRS 16, please refer to Note 22 “Leases”.

286

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	22 — Leases

22 — Leases

The Group’s disclosures are as a lessee under lease arrangements covering property and equipment. The Group has

applied judgement in presenting related information pursuant to IFRS 16 in a manner that it considers to be most

relevant to an understanding of its financial performance and position.

The Group leases many assets including land and buildings, vehicles and IT equipment. The Group is a lessee for the

majority of its offices and branches under long-term rental agreements. Most of the lease contracts are made under

usual terms and conditions, which means they include options to extend the lease by a defined amount of time, price

adjustment clauses and escalation clauses in line with general office rental market conditions. However, the lease

agreements do not include any clauses that impose any restriction on the Group’s ability to pay dividends, engage in

debt financing transactions or enter into further lease agreements.

As of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024), the Group recorded right-of-use assets on its balance sheet with a

carrying amount of € 3.7 billion (€ 3.9 billion), which are included in Property and equipment. The right-of-use assets

predominantly represented leased properties of € 3.7 billion (€ 3.9 billion) and vehicle leases of € 19 million (€ 19 million).

For more information on the year-to-date development of right-of-use assets, please refer to Note 21 “Property and

Equipment”.

Corresponding to the recognition of the right-of-use assets, as of December 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024), the Group

recorded lease liabilities on its balance sheet with a carrying amount of € 4.2 billion (€ 4.5 billion), which are included in

Other liabilities. As of December 31, 2025, the lease liabilities included the discounted value of future lease payments of

€ 424 million for the Group headquarters in Frankfurt am Main that was sold and leased back on December 1, 2011. The

lease has a fixed term through to the end of 2036, with options to extend the lease for two additional five-year periods to

the end of 2046.

During 2025 and 2024, interest expenses recorded from the compounding of the lease liabilities amounted to

€ 128 million and € 127 million, respectively. The contractual maturities for the undiscounted cash flows from these

liabilities are shown in Note 31 “Maturity Analysis of the earliest contractual undiscounted cash flows of Financial

Liabilities”.

Expenses recognized in 2025 (2024) relating to short-term leases and leases of low-value assets, for which the Group

decided to apply the recognition exemption under IFRS 16 (and thus not to record right-of-use assets and corresponding

lease liabilities on the balance sheet), amounted to € 2 million (€ 2 million) and less than € 1 million in each period,

respectively.

Income recorded in 2025 (2024) from the subletting of right-of-use assets totaled € 19 million (€ 24 million).

The total cash outflow for leases for 2025 (2024) was € 622 million (€ 678 million) and represented mainly expenditures

made for real estate rentals over € 613 million (€ 669 million). Of the total cash outflow amount, payments of

€ 496 million (€ 552 million) were made for the principal portion of lease liabilities, payments of € 125 million

(€ 126 million) were made for the interest portion.

Total future cash outflows to which the Group as a lessee is potentially exposed, that are not reflected in the

measurement of the lease liabilities, mainly include potential payment exposures arising from extension options (2025:

€ 4.7 billion). Their expected maturities are shown in the table below.

Future cash outflows to which the Group is potentially exposed that are not reflected in the measurement of lease liabilities

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Future cash outflows not reflected in lease liabilities:
Not later than one year		8		30
Later than one year and not later than five years		379		470
Later than five years		4,322		4,230
Future cash outflows not reflected in lease liabilities		4,709		4,731

287

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Changes in Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, as well as gross amounts and accumulated impairment losses of

goodwill, for the years ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are shown below by cash-generating units

(CGU).

The Group’s business operations are organized under the following divisional structure: Corporate Bank, Investment

Bank, Private Bank and Asset Management. The business divisions are considered CGUs.

Goodwill allocated to cash-generating units

in € m.		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024		—		—		—		2,849		2,849
Goodwill acquired during the year		—		—		—		—		—
Purchase accounting adjustments		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers		—		—		—		—		—
Reclassification from (to) “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—
Goodwill related to dispositions without being classified as “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—
Impairment losses1		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange rate changes/other		—		—		—		114		114
Balance as of December 31, 2024		—		—		—		2,963		2,963
Gross amount of goodwill		643		4,418		3,737		3,477		12,275
Accumulated impairment losses		(643)		(4,418)		(3,737)		(515)		(9,313)
Balance as of January 1, 2025		—		—		—		2,963		2,963
Goodwill acquired during the year		—		—		—		—		—
Purchase accounting adjustments		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers		—		—		—		—		—
Reclassification from (to) “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—
Goodwill related to dispositions without being classified as “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—
Impairment losses1		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange rate changes/other		—		—		—		(227)		(227)
Balance as of December 31, 2025		—		—		—		2,735		2,735
Gross amount of goodwill		590		3,967		3,717		3,208		11,482
Accumulated impairment losses		(590)		(3,967)		(3,717)		(473)		(8,746)

1Impairment losses of goodwill are recorded as impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets in the income statement

Changes in goodwill in 2025 and in 2024 only included foreign exchange rate movements of Asset Management goodwill

held in non-Group currencies.

Following the acquisition of Numis Corporation Plc on October 13, 2023 (see Note 03), the purchase price allocation for

the business combination resulted in the recognition of goodwill for € 235 million which was allocated to the Investment

Bank CGU. Given the valuation of the Investment Bank CGU with a continued shortfall of its recoverable amount versus

its carrying amount, the goodwill was considered impaired and fully written off in the fourth quarter of 2023 for an

amount of € 233 million.

288

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill Impairment Test

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to the appropriate CGU

on the basis as described in Note 01 “Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates”. The Group’s

primary CGUs are as outlined above. Asset Management’s goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter

by comparing the recoverable amount of the CGU with its carrying amount. In addition, the Group tests goodwill

whenever a triggering event is identified. The recoverable amount is the higher of a CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal

and its value in use. The Asset Management CGU was the only goodwill carrying CGU to be tested for annual impairment

in 2024 and 2025. The impairment tests conducted on Asset Management in these periods did not result in an

impairment loss as the recoverable amounts of the Asset Management CGU were higher than the respective carrying

amounts.

A review of the Group’s strategy or certain political or global risks for the banking industry, uncertainties regarding the

implementation of already adopted regulation and the introduction of legislation that is already under discussion could

result in an impairment of goodwill in the future.

Carrying Amount

The carrying amount of a primary CGU is derived using a capital allocation model based on the Shareholders’ Equity

Allocation Framework of the Group (please refer to Note 04, “Business Segments and Related Information” for more

details). The allocation uses the Group’s total equity at the date of valuation, including Additional Tier 1 Notes (AT1

Notes), which constitute unsecured and subordinated notes of Deutsche Bank and which are classified as additional

equity components in accordance with IFRS. Total equity is adjusted for an add-on adjustment for goodwill attributable

to noncontrolling interests.

Recoverable Amount

The Group determines the recoverable amounts of its primary CGUs on the basis of the higher of value in use and fair

value less costs of disposal (Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy). It employs a discounted cash flow (DCF) model, which

reflects the specifics of the banking business and its regulatory environment. The model calculates the present value of

the estimated future earnings that are distributable to shareholders after fulfilling the respective regulatory capital

requirements. The recoverable amounts also include the fair value of the AT1 Notes, which are allocated to the primary

CGUs.

The DCF model uses earnings projections and respective capitalization assumptions based on five-year financial plans as

well as longer term expectations on the impact of regulatory developments, which are discounted to their present value.

Estimating future earnings and capital requirements involves judgment and the consideration of past and current

performances as well as expected developments in the respective markets, and in the overall macroeconomic and

regulatory environments. Earnings projections beyond the initial five-year period are, where applicable, adjusted to

derive a sustainable level. In case of a going concern, the cash flow to equity is assumed to increase by or converge

towards a constant long-term growth rate for the Asset Management CGU of up to 3.0% (2024: up to 3.3%). This is based

on projected revenue forecasts of the CGU as well as expectations for the development of gross domestic product and

inflation and is captured in the terminal value.

289

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Key Assumptions and Sensitivities

Key Assumptions: The DCF value of a CGU is sensitive to the earnings projections, to the discount rate (cost of equity)

applied and, to a lesser extent, to the long-term growth rate. The discount rates applied have been determined based on

the capital asset pricing model and comprise a risk-free interest rate, a market risk premium and a factor covering the

systematic market risk (beta factor). The values for the risk-free interest rate, the market risk premium and the beta

factors are consistent with external sources of information. CGU-specific beta factors are determined based on a

respective group of peer companies. Variations in all of these components might impact the discount rates. For the Asset

Management CGU, the discount rates (after tax) applied for 2025 and 2024 were 9.9% and 10.4%, respectively.

Management determined the values for the key assumptions in the following table based on a combination of internal

and external analysis. Estimates for efficiency and the cost reduction program are based on progress made to date and

scheduled future projects and initiatives.

Key management assumptions are:

Primary goodwill- carrying cash- generating unit	Description of key assumptions		Uncertainty associated with key assumptions and potential events/circumstances that could have a negative effect
Asset Management	–Gateway to Europe: Aim to be the primary point of contact for investors seeking opportunities in Europe. This includes accelerating infrastructure investments to support European transformation, expanding private credit offerings through partnerships with Corporate Bank and Investment Bank, and strengthening local presence in strategically relevant regions. –Top 5 in Top 5: Become a top-five foreign asset manager in the top five economies by reinforcing market leadership in Germany, enhancing strategic partnerships in China and starting collaborations with local players in India to enter the market. –Future of Finance: Lead innovation and disruption in asset management. This involves developing digital asset services around stablecoins and on-chain products, establishing an Application Programming Interface (API) driven ecosystem for embedded investment solutions, and leveraging AI to create advanced data platforms and tools for portfolio managers. –Bullish Germany: Maintain the spot as leading asset manager in Germany with  the potential to benefit from further building out home market opportunities, with a focus on pensions. –Global Hausbank: Further leverage relationships within the Group across the value chain for origination, structuring and distribution.		–Challenging and continued uncertainty around the market environment and volatility unfavorable to its investment strategies –Unfavorable margin development and adverse competition levels in key markets and products beyond expected levels –Business/execution risks, e.g., underachievement of net flow targets from market uncertainty, loss of high- quality client facing employees, unfavorable investment performance, lower than expected efficiency gains –Uncertainty around regulation and its potential implications not yet anticipated

Sensitivities: In order to test the resilience of the recoverable amount, key assumptions used in the DCF model (for

example, the discount rate and the earnings projections) are sensitized. Management believes that no reasonable

possible changes in key assumptions could cause an impairment loss.

290

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Other Intangible Assets

Changes of other intangible assets by asset classes for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024

		Purchased intangible assets														Internally generated intangible assets		Total other intangible assets
		Unamortized						Amortized								Amortized
in € m.		Retail investment manageme nt agreements		Other		Total unamortize d purchased intangible assets		Customer- related intangible assets		Contract- based intangible assets		Software and other		Total amortized purchased intangible assets		Software
Cost of acquisition/ manufacture:
Balance as of January 1, 2024		1,046		440		1,486		1,456		70		854		2,380		11,288		15,154
Additions		—		—		—		2		—		8		10		1,407		1,417
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		(49)		(1)		(1)		(51)		—		(51)
Disposals		—		—		—		—		—		31		31		121		152
Reclassifications from (to) “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers		—		23		23		(40)		(35)		(28)		(103)		(3)		(83)
Exchange rate changes		71		—		71		42		—		2		44		171		286
Balance as of December 31, 2024		1,117		463		1,580		1,411		35		803		2,249		12,742		16,571
Additions		—		—		—		1		—		43		44		1,453		1,497
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Disposals		—		—		—		109		20		42		170		12		182
Reclassifications from (to) “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers		—		—		—		1		—		2		4		—		3
Exchange rate changes		(133)		—		(133)		(75)		—		(2)		(77)		(352)		(562)
Balance as of December 31, 2025		984		463		1,447		1,230		15		805		2,049		13,831		17,328
Accumulated amortization and impairment:
Balance as of January 1, 2024		330		439		769		1,399		70		690		2,159		7,749		10,676
Amortization for the year		—		—		—		5		—		36		41		1,130		1,1711
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		(49)		(1)		(1)		(51)		—		(51)
Disposals		—		—		—		—		—		31		31		121		152
Reclassifications from (to) “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Impairment losses		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		29		292
Reversals of impairment losses		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers		—		23		23		(40)		(34)		(29)		(103)		(1)		(80)
Exchange rate changes		22		—		22		40		—		—		40		130		192
Balance as of December 31, 2024		353		461		814		1,356		35		664		2,055		8,917		11,785
Amortization for the year		—		—		—		5		—		38		43		1,209		1,2523
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Disposals		—		—		—		109		20		42		170		10		180
Reclassifications from (to) “held for sale”		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Impairment losses		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		16		164
Reversals of impairment losses		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Transfers		—		—		—		—		—		2		2		—		2
Exchange rate changes		(42)		—		(42)		(72)		—		(2)		(74)		(257)		(373)
Balance as of December 31, 2025		311		461		772		1,181		15		661		1,856		9,874		12,502
Carrying amount:
As of December 31, 2024		764		2		766		55		—		139		194		3,825		4,786
As of December 31, 2025		673		1		675		49		—		144		193		3,957		4,825

1€ 1.2 billion were included in general and administrative expenses

2€ 29 million were impairment losses on self-developed software recorded in general and administrative expenses

291

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

3€ 1.3 billion were included in general and administrative expenses

4€ 16 million were impairment losses on self-developed software recorded in general and administrative expenses

Amortizing Intangible Assets

In 2025, amortizing intangible assets increased by € 130 million. This included amortization expenses of € 1.3 billion, mostly

for the scheduled consumption of capitalized software (€ 1.2 billion) and the impairment of current platform software as

well as software under construction (€ 16 million). Additions to internally generated intangible assets of € 1.5 billion

resulting from the capitalization of expenses incurred in conjunction with the Group’s development of own-used software

overcompensated the negative impact from amortization and impairment charges on net book value. A stronger euro

exchange rate against major currencies accounted for net negative exchange rate changes of € (99) million.

In 2024, amortizing intangible assets increased by € 261 million. This included amortization expenses of € 1.2 billion, mostly

for the scheduled consumption of capitalized software (€ 1.2 billion) and the impairment of current platform software as

well as software under construction (€ 29 million). Additions to internally generated intangible assets of € 1.4 billion

resulting from the capitalization of expenses incurred in conjunction with the Group’s development of own-used software

overcompensated the negative impact from amortization and impairment charges on net book value. A weaker euro

exchange rate against major currencies accounted for net positive exchange rate changes of € 47 million .

In 2023, amortizing intangible assets increased by € 330 million. This included amortization expenses of € 1.1 billion, mostly

for the scheduled consumption of capitalized software (€ 1.1 billion) and the impairment of current platform software as

well as software under construction (€ 24 million). Additions to internally generated intangible assets of € 1.3 billion

resulting from the capitalization of expenses incurred in conjunction with the Group’s development of own-used software

overcompensated the negative impact from amortization and impairment charges on net book value. A stronger euro

exchange rate against major currencies accounted for net negative exchange rate changes of € (19) million.

Other intangible assets with finite useful lives are generally amortized over their useful lives based on the straight-line

method.

Useful lives of other amortized intangible assets by asset class

		Useful lives in years
Internally generated intangible assets:
Software		up to 10
Purchased intangible assets:
Customer-related intangible assets		up to 15
Other		up to 20

Unamortized Intangible Assets

Within this asset class, the Group recognizes certain contract-based and marketing-related intangible assets, which are

deemed to have an indefinite useful life.

In particular, the asset class comprises the below detailed investment management agreements related to retail mutual

funds and certain trademarks. Due to the specific nature of these intangible assets, market prices are ordinarily not

observable and, therefore, the Group values such assets based on the income approach, using a post-tax DCF-

methodology.

Retail investment management agreements: These assets, amounting to € 673 million, relate to the Group’s U.S. retail

mutual fund business and are allocated to the Asset Management CGU. Retail investment management agreements are

contracts that give Asset Management the exclusive right to manage a variety of mutual funds for a specified period. Since

these contracts are easily renewable at minimal cost, these agreements are not expected to have a foreseeable limit on the

contract period. Therefore, the rights to manage the associated assets under management are expected to generate cash

flows for an indefinite period of time. This intangible asset was recorded at fair value based upon a valuation provided by a

third party at the date of acquisition of Zurich Scudder Investments, Inc. in 2002.

292

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	23 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The recoverable amount was calculated as fair value less costs of disposal using the multi-period excess earnings method

applying a five-year plan and the fair value measurement was categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The key

assumptions in determining the fair value less costs of disposal include the asset mix, the flows forecast, the effective fee

rate and discount rate as well as the terminal value growth rate. The discount rate (cost of equity) applied in the annual

impairment test was 9.8% in 2025 (10.2% in 2024). The terminal value growth rate applied for 2025 was 3.7% (for 2024

3.7%). Any adverse movement in the key assumptions could lead to an indication that the carrying value may be impaired.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the respective impairment analyses did not result in an impairment

loss or reversal of an impairment loss.

24 — Non-Current Assets and Disposal Groups Held for Sale

Within the balance sheet, non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale are included in other assets and other

liabilities.

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Premises and equipment		2		—
Other assets		33		31
Total assets classified as held for sale		35		31
Total liabilities classified as held for sale		—		—

 

As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, no unrealized gains (losses) relating to non-current assets classified

as held for sale were recognized directly in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (net of tax).

Within the Investment Bank division, a portfolio of real estate assets owned through foreclosure have been classified as

non-current assets held for sale. The composition of the portfolio population is dynamic and is valued at the lower of its

carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell and is expected to be sold within one year following their reclassification.

293

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	25 — Other Assets and Other Liabilities

25 — Other Assets and Other Liabilities

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Brokerage and securities related receivables
Cash/margin receivables		46,634		42,179
Receivables from prime brokerage		6		5
Pending securities transactions past settlement date		2,116		979
Receivables from unsettled regular way trades		56,668		17,527
Total brokerage and securities related receivables		105,424		60,690
Debt Securities held to collect		40,275		21,643
Accrued interest receivable		4,542		4,575
Assets held for sale		35		31
Assets related to insurance business		111		133
Other		16,772		14,106
Total other assets		167,160		101,178

   

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Brokerage and securities related payables
Cash/margin payables		52,369		49,133
Payables from prime brokerage		25		13
Pending securities transactions past settlement date		2,261		1,207
Payables from unsettled regular way trades		52,601		13,401
Total brokerage and securities related payables		107,256		63,755
Accrued interest payable		4,910		5,113
Liabilities held for sale		—		—
Lease liabilities		4,193		4,488
Liabilities related to insurance business		97		121
Other		21,205		22,138
Total other liabilities		137,662		95,616

   

For further details on the assets and liabilities held for sale, please refer to Note 24 “Non-Current Assets and Disposal

Groups Held for Sale”.

26 — Deposits

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits		174,274		177,915
Interest-bearing deposits
Demand deposits		231,583		197,340
Time deposits		201,626		203,756
Savings deposits		87,097		88,689
Total interest-bearing deposits		520,307		489,786
Total deposits		694,580		667,700

294

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

27 — Provisions

Movements by Class of Provisions

in € m.		Operational Risk		Civil Litigation		Regulatory Enforcement		Re- structuring		Other		Total1
Balance as of January 1, 2024		40		1,124		129		333		421		2,047
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		—		—		—
New provisions		6		2,201		84		149		312		2,751
Amounts used		2		954		8		55		67		1,086
Unused amounts reversed		4		509		41		153		66		773
Effects from exchange rate fluctuations/ Unwind of discount		—		3		2		—		1		5
Transfers		—		30		—		—		(16)		13
Balance as of December 31, 2024		40		1,895		166		273		584		2,958
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—		—		—		—		—
New provisions		37		293		84		36		196		646
Amounts used		8		822		74		106		231		1,241
Unused amounts reversed		1		181		17		53		95		346
Effects from exchange rate fluctuations/ Unwind of discount		—		(4)		(7)		—		(12)		(24)
Transfers		—		11		—		—		—		11
Balance as of December 31, 2025		66		1,192		152		151		442		2,004

1For the remaining portion of provisions as disclosed on the consolidated balance sheet, please see Note 19 “Allowance for Credit Losses”, in which allowances for credit

related off-balance sheet positions are disclosed

Classes of Provisions

Operational Risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from

external events. The definition used for the purposes of determining operational provisions differs from the risk

management definition, as it excludes risk of loss resulting from civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters. For

risk management purposes, operational risk includes legal risk, as payments to customers, counterparties and regulatory

bodies in civil litigations or regulatory enforcement matters constitute loss events for operational shortcomings, but

excludes business and reputational risk.

Civil Litigation provisions arise out of current or potential claims or proceedings alleging non-compliance with

contractual or other legal or regulatory responsibilities, which have resulted or may result in demands from customers,

counterparties or other parties in civil litigations.

Regulatory Enforcement provisions arise out of current or potential claims or proceedings alleging non-compliance with

legal or regulatory responsibilities, which have resulted or may result in an assessment of fines or penalties by

governmental regulatory agencies, self-regulatory organizations or other enforcement authorities.

Restructuring provisions arise out of restructuring activities. The Group aims to enhance its long-term competitiveness

through reductions in costs, duplication and complexity in the years ahead. For details see Note 10 “Restructuring”.

Other provisions include several specific items arising from a variety of different circumstances, including the provision

for the reimbursement of loan processing fees, deferred sales commissions, provisions for bank levies and mortgage

repurchase demands.

295

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

The Group recognizes a provision for potential loss only when there is a present obligation arising from a past event that

is probable to result in an economic outflow that can be reliably estimated. Where a reliable estimate cannot be made for

such an obligation, no provision is recognized and the obligation is deemed a contingent liability. Contingent liabilities

also include possible obligations for which the possibility of future economic outflow is more than remote but less than

probable. Where a provision has been taken for a particular claim, no contingent liability is recorded; for matters or sets

of matters consisting of more than one claim, however, provisions may be recorded for some claims, and contingent

liabilities (or neither a provision nor a contingent liability) may be recorded for others.

The Group operates in a legal and regulatory environment that exposes it to significant litigation risks. As a result, the

Group is involved in litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings and investigations in Germany and in a number of

jurisdictions outside Germany, including the United States. In recent years, regulation and supervision in a number of

areas have increased, and regulators, governmental bodies and others have sought to subject financial services providers

to increasing oversight and scrutiny, which in turn has led to additional regulatory investigations and enforcement

actions which are often followed by civil litigation.

In determining for which of the claims the possibility of a loss is probable, or less than probable but more than remote,

and then estimating the possible loss for those claims, the Group takes into consideration a number of factors, including

but not limited to the nature of the claim and its underlying facts, the procedural posture and litigation history of each

case, rulings by the courts or tribunals, the Group’s experience and the experience of others in similar cases (to the extent

this is known to the Group), prior settlement discussions, settlements by others in similar cases (to the extent this is

known to the Group), available indemnities and the opinions and views of legal counsel and other experts.

The provisions the Group has recognized for civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters as of December 31, 2025

and December 31, 2024 are set forth in the table above. For some matters where the Group believes an outflow of funds

is probable, but the Group could not reliably estimate the amount of the potential outflow, no provision was recognized.

For the matters for which a reliable estimate can be made, but the probability of a future loss or outflow of resources is

more than remote but less than probable, the Group currently estimates that, as of December 31, 2025, these contingent

liabilities are approximately € 921 million for civil litigation matters (December 31, 2024: € 0.6 billion) and € 6 million for

regulatory enforcement matters (December 31, 2024: € 0.1 billion). These figures include matters where the Group’s

potential liability is joint and several and where the Group expects any such liability to be paid by a third party. If the

Group’s best estimate is within a range, the amount at the top of the range is included in the amount of contingent

liabilities.

For other significant civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters where the Group believes the possibility of an

outflow of funds is more than remote but less than probable, but the amount is not reliably estimable, such matters are

not included in the contingent liability estimates. In addition, where the Group believes the possibility of an outflow of

funds is remote, the Group has neither recognized a provision nor included the matters in the contingent liability

estimates.

This estimated possible loss, as well as any provisions taken, is based upon currently available information and is subject

to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions, variables and known and unknown uncertainties. These

uncertainties may include inaccuracies in or incompleteness of the information available to the Group, particularly at the

preliminary stages of matters, and assumptions by the Group as to future rulings of courts or other tribunals or the likely

actions or positions taken by regulators or adversaries may prove incorrect. Moreover, estimates of possible loss for these

matters are often not amenable to the use of statistical or other quantitative analytical tools frequently used in making

judgments and estimates, and are subject to even greater degrees of uncertainty than in many other areas where the

Group must exercise judgment and make estimates. The estimated possible loss, as well as any provisions taken, can be

and often are substantially less than the amount initially requested by regulators or adversaries or the maximum

potential loss that could be incurred were the matters to result in a final adjudication adverse to the Group. Moreover, in

several regions in which the Group operates, an adversary often is not required to set forth the amount it is seeking, and

where it is, the amount may not be subject to the same requirements that generally apply to pleading factual allegations

or legal claims.

The matters for which the Group determines that the possibility of a future loss is more than remote will change from

time to time, as will the matters as to which a reliable estimate can be made and the estimated possible loss for such

matters. Actual results may prove to be significantly higher or lower than the estimate of possible loss in those matters

where such an estimate was made. In addition, loss may be incurred in matters with respect to which the Group believed

the likelihood of loss was remote. In particular, the estimated aggregate possible loss does not represent the Group’s

potential maximum loss exposure for those matters.

296

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

The Group may settle litigation or regulatory proceedings or investigations prior to a final judgment or determination of

liability. It may do so to avoid the cost, management efforts or negative business, regulatory or reputational

consequences of continuing to contest liability, even when the Group believes it has a valid defense against liability. It

may also do so when the potential consequences of failing to prevail would be disproportionate to the costs of

settlement. Furthermore, the Group may, for similar reasons, reimburse counterparties for their losses even in situations

where it does not believe that it is legally compelled to do so.

Current Individual Proceedings

Set forth below are descriptions of civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters or groups of matters for which the

Group has taken material provisions, or for which there are material contingent liabilities, or for which there is the

possibility of material business or reputational risk, as well as other significant matters. In addition, similar matters are

grouped together and some matters consist of a number of proceedings or claims. The disclosed matters also include

matters for which the possibility of a loss is more than remote but for which the Group cannot reliably estimate the

possible loss. Matters are presented below in English-language alphabetical order based on the titles the Group has used

for them.

Consent Order and Written Agreement with the Federal Reserve. On July 19, 2023, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Bank AG

New York Branch, DB USA Corporation, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (DBTCA) and DWS USA Corporation

entered into a Consent Order and Written Agreement with the Federal Reserve resolving previously disclosed regulatory

discussions concerning adherence to prior orders and settlements related to sanctions and embargoes and AML

compliance, and remedial agreements and obligations related to risk management issues. The Consent Order alleges

insufficient and tardy implementation of the post-settlement sanctions and embargoes and AML control enhancement

undertakings required by prior Consent Orders the bank entered into with the Federal Reserve in 2015 and 2017. The

Written Agreement alleges various deficiencies in governance, risk management, and internal controls across the bank’s

U.S. operations, and finds that the bank must continue to implement additional improvements. The Consent Order

required Deutsche Bank to pay a civil monetary penalty of U.S.$ 186 million, including U.S.$ 140 million for the violations

alleged with respect to the post-settlement sanctions and embargoes and AML control enhancement undertakings, as

well as a separate penalty of U.S.$ 46 million for unsafe or unsound practices stemming from the bank’s handling of its

legacy correspondent banking relationship with Danske Bank Estonia, which was terminated in October 2015. The

Written Agreement does not include a civil monetary penalty. Both the Consent Order and Written Agreement include

certain post-settlement remediation and reporting undertakings.

Cum-ex Investigations and Litigations. Deutsche Bank has received inquiries from law enforcement authorities, including

requests for information and documents, in relation to cum-ex transactions of clients. “Cum-ex” refers to trading

activities in German shares around dividend record dates (trade date before and settlement date after dividend record

date) for the purpose of obtaining German tax credits or refunds in relation to withholding tax levied on dividend

payments, including transaction structures that have resulted in more than one market participant claiming such credit

or refund with respect to the same dividend payment. Cum-ex transactions are regarded as criminal tax evasion by

German courts. Deutsche Bank is cooperating with the law enforcement authorities in these matters.

The Public Prosecutor in Cologne (Staatsanwaltschaft Köln, “CPP”) has been conducting a criminal investigation since

August 2017 concerning two former employees of Deutsche Bank in relation to cum-ex transactions of certain former

clients of the bank. In October 2022, the CPP conducted a search at Deutsche Bank’s offices in Frankfurt and Eschborn.

Based on the search warrant the CPP expanded the scope of the investigation. Current and former Deutsche Bank

employees and seven former Management Board members are included in the investigation. The investigation is ongoing

and the scope of the investigation may be further broadened. Deutsche Bank is a potential secondary participant

pursuant to Section 30 of the German Law on Administrative Offences in this proceeding. This proceeding could result in

a disgorgement of profits and fines. Deutsche Bank is cooperating with the CPP.

In May 2021, Deutsche Bank learned through an information request received by Deutsche Oppenheim Family Office AG

(DOAG) as legal successor of Sal. Oppenheim jr. & Cie. AG & Co. KGaA (Sal. Oppenheim) that the CPP in 2021 opened a

criminal investigation proceeding in relation to cum-ex transactions against unknown former personnel of Sal.

Oppenheim. DOAG provided the requested information.

In July 2023, Deutsche Bank as legal successor of Deutsche Postbank AG was informed by the CPP that the CPP has

opened a new separate criminal cum-ex investigation against unnamed personnel of former Deutsche Postbank AG.

297

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

Deutsche Bank acted as participant in and filed withholding tax refund claims through the electronic refund procedure

(elektronisches Datenträgerverfahren) on behalf of, inter alia, two former custody clients in connection with their cum-ex

transactions. In February 2018, Deutsche Bank received from the German Federal Tax Office (Bundeszentralamt für

Steuern, “FTO”) a demand of approximately € 49 million for tax refunds paid to a former custody client. Deutsche Bank

expects to receive a formal notice for the same amount. In December 2019, Deutsche Bank received a liability notice

from the FTO requesting payment of € 2 million in connection with tax refund claims Deutsche Bank had submitted on

behalf of another former custody client, which Deutsche Bank paid in early 2020. In July 2022, Deutsche Bank filed an

action against this payment with the Fiscal Court of Cologne (Finanzgericht Köln).

In 2018, The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV (BNY) informed Deutsche Bank of its intention to seek indemnification for

potential cum-ex related tax liabilities incurred by BHF Asset Servicing GmbH (BAS) and/or Frankfurter Service

Kapitalanlage-GmbH (“Service KAG”, now named BNY Mellon Service Kapitalanlage-Gesellschaft mbH). Deutsche Bank

had acquired BAS and Service KAG as part of the acquisition of Sal. Oppenheim in 2010 and sold them to BNY later that

year. BNY estimated the potential tax liability to be up to € 120 million (excluding interest of 6% p.a.). In late 2020,

counsel to BNY informed Deutsche Bank that BNY and/or Service KAG (among others) have received notices from tax

authorities in the estimated amount with respect to cum-ex related trades by certain investment funds in 2009 and 2010.

BNY has filed objections against the notices. Following receipt of payment orders from tax authorities in the amount of

€ 118 million in relation to the investment funds and after consultation with Deutsche Bank, BNY paid € 47 million to tax

authorities. A further € 72 million were paid by other allegedly liable parties (including Deutsche Bank with respect to

one of the investment funds, referred to below). In late December 2025, BNY and Deutsche Bank agreed to settle the

indemnification claim described above. In addition, BNY received from the Frankfurt Tax Office regarding one of the

investment funds a notice and payment request regarding penalty interest (Hinterziehungszinsen) in the amount of

€ 12 million. BNY, after consultation with Deutsche Bank, applied for a suspension of enforcement (Aussetzung der

Vollziehung) regarding the payment request which was granted by the Fiscal Court of Hesse (Hessisches Finanzgericht)

in October 2024.

The Group has not disclosed whether it has established a provision or contingent liability with respect to these matters

because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously their outcome.

In December 2023 and April 2024, Deutsche Bank received hearing letters from the FTO regarding three third party

investment funds that engaged in cum-ex trades in 2009. Deutsche Bank had provided services and financing to

investors in the funds. The funds received an aggregate of € 147 million in cum-ex withholding tax refunds in 2009. In

June and July 2024, Deutsche Bank received two tax liability notices (Haftungsbescheide) from the FTO in an aggregate

amount of € 85 million regarding two of the funds. Deutsche Bank filed objections (Einsprüche) and applied for a

suspension of enforcement (Aussetzung der Vollziehung) regarding the notices. The suspension of enforcement was

granted in July 2024. In August/September 2025, Deutsche Bank paid € 29 million to the FTO with respect to the two tax

liability notices and withdrew the objections. The remainder was paid by other service providers to the investment funds.

Interbank and Dealer Offered Rates Matters. Regulatory and Law Enforcement Matters. Deutsche Bank has responded to

requests for information from, cooperated with, and entered into settlements with, various regulatory and law

enforcement agencies in connection with industry-wide investigations concerning the setting of the London Interbank

Offered Rate (LIBOR), Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR), Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate (TIBOR) and other interbank

and/or dealer offered rates.

The Group has not disclosed whether it has established a provision or contingent liability with respect to the remaining

investigations because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously their outcome.

Civil Litigations. Deutsche Bank is party to one remaining U.S. civil action concerning alleged manipulation relating to the

setting of U.S. dollar LIBOR, as well as an action pending in Argentina. The Group has not disclosed whether it has

established a provision or contingent liability with respect to these matters because it has concluded that such

disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously their outcome.

The U.S. civil actions were filed against Deutsche Bank and numerous other defendants on behalf of parties who allege

losses as a result of manipulation relating to the setting of U.S. dollar LIBOR. Claims for damages in the U.S. civil action

have been asserted under various legal theories, including violations of federal and state antitrust and other laws.

The remaining U.S. civil action concerning U.S. dollar LIBOR is being coordinated as part of a multidistrict litigation (the

“U.S. dollar LIBOR MDL”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. Following a series of decisions in

the U.S. dollar LIBOR MDL between March 2013 and March 2019 narrowing their claims, plaintiffs in the U.S. dollar LIBOR

MDL are currently asserting antitrust claims, and state law fraud, contract, unjust enrichment and other tort claims. The

court has also issued decisions dismissing certain plaintiffs’ claims for lack of personal jurisdiction and on statute of

limitations grounds.

298

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

In 2016, the district court issued a ruling dismissing certain antitrust claims while allowing others to proceed. Multiple

plaintiffs filed appeals of that ruling. In December 2021, the Second Circuit affirmed the district court’s decision on

antitrust standing grounds but reversed the court’s decision on personal jurisdiction grounds, and it remanded the cases

to the district court for further proceedings. In March 2022, defendants (including Deutsche Bank) filed a petition for a

writ of certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Court of Appeals’ decision. The U.S. Supreme Court denied

defendants’ petition in June 2022.

In October 2024, defendants, including Deutsche Bank, filed a motion for summary judgment in the U.S. dollar LIBOR

MDL. In September 2025, the district court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment and dismissed all of the

plaintiffs’ remaining claims. The plaintiffs filed their notices of appeal in October 2025.

In August 2020, plaintiffs filed a non-class action in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against

several financial institutions, alleging that U.S. dollar LIBOR has been suppressed through the present. In October 2023,

the court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiffs’ amended complaint. Plaintiffs appealed. In December

2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court’s decision dismissing the

complaint. In January 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied plaintiffs’ petition for

rehearing and in April the plaintiffs filed a petition for certiorari seeking to have the U.S. Supreme Court hear their appeal,

which the U.S. Supreme Court denied at the end of June 2025.

There were UK and U.S. civil actions regarding U.S. dollar LIBOR brought by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation (FDIC) acting as receiver for up to 20 failed financial institutions headquartered in the U.S., in which a claim

for damages has been asserted pursuant to EU, UK and U.S. state laws. In April 2025, Deutsche Bank settled the civil

actions brought by the FDIC in both the UK and the U.S. for U.S. $ 20 million.

A further class action regarding LIBOR has been filed in Argentina seeking damages for losses allegedly suffered by

holders of Argentine bonds with interest rates based on LIBOR. In August 2024, the court accepted the plaintiff’s

withdrawal of its claims against Deutsche Bank and certain other defendants, but the action remains pending against one

defendant.

Jeffrey Epstein Matters. Since Jeffrey Epstein’s arrest in July 2019, Deutsche Bank has provided information to various

regulatory and law enforcement agencies and continues to cooperate with the U.S. Congress concerning the bank’s

former client relationship with Epstein (individually, and through related parties and entities). The bank has previously

entered into settlements to resolve certain regulatory and litigation matters. There are no Epstein victim-related

litigations currently pending against the bank. The U.S. Department of Justice recently publicly released information it

previously received from the bank and other sources pursuant to the Epstein Files Transparency Act.

Monte Dei Paschi. Civil litigation claims have been filed by six former employees in relation to alleged harm caused by

Italian criminal proceedings against them. The six former employees were convicted in November 2019 by the Court of

First Instance of Milan of aiding and abetting false accounting and market manipulation in relation to repo transactions

that Deutsche Bank had entered into with Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena (MPS) and a subsidiary of MPS in 2008. The

individuals were given sentences of either 3 years and 6 months or 4 years and 8 months. Deutsche Bank was found liable

under Italian Legislative Decree n. 231/2001 and the Court ordered the seizure of alleged profits of € 64.9 million and a

fine of € 3 million. Following appeals filed by Deutsche Bank and the six individuals, in 2022, the Milan Court of Appeal

acquitted all the Deutsche Bank defendants from all charges. Those acquittals were confirmed by the Supreme Court of

Italy in October 2023.

One of the former employees filed and served a claim against Deutsche Bank in the German Courts in the second quarter

of 2024, seeking approximately € 152 million in damages for alleged harm caused to his career by the Italian criminal

proceedings and conviction at first instance. Four other former employees filed claims in the English Courts on

September 30, 2025. The claims were served on Deutsche Bank entities in the UK in January 2026, but to date have not

been served on two Deutsche Bank entities based in Jersey. The four former employees are seeking over £ 600 million in

damages on the same basis as the first employee’s claim for alleged harm caused to their careers by the Italian criminal

proceedings and conviction at first instance. Deutsche Bank considers all such claims to be without merit and will defend

itself against them robustly, including disputing the inflated, unrealistic alleged losses claimed.

One further former employee had filed a claim in the English Courts on September 30, 2025 on the same basis as the

other 5 plaintiffs, as well as based on further specific claims, but the parties have now resolved on a confidential basis all

of the claims and allegations that the employee has previously made against Deutsche Bank and its personnel.

The Group has not disclosed whether it has established a provision or contingent liability with respect to these matters

because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously their outcome.

299

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities. Issuer and Underwriter Civil Litigation. Deutsche Bank has been named

as defendant in numerous civil litigations brought by private parties in connection with its various roles, including issuer

or underwriter, in offerings of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and other asset-backed securities. These

cases, described below, allege that the offering documents contained material misrepresentations and omissions,

including with regard to the underwriting standards pursuant to which the underlying mortgage loans were issued, or

assert that various representations or warranties relating to the loans were breached at the time of origination. The

Group has recorded provisions with respect to several of these civil cases, but has not recorded provisions with respect

to all of these matters. The Group has not disclosed the amount of these provisions because it has concluded that such

disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously the resolution of these matters.

Deutsche Bank is a defendant in an action related to RMBS offerings brought by the FDIC as receiver for Citizens

National Bank and Strategic Capital Bank (alleging an unspecified amount in damages against all defendants). In this

action, the appellate court reinstated claims previously dismissed on statute of limitations grounds, and petitions for

rehearing and certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court were denied. In May 2022, the FDIC voluntarily dismissed its claim

with respect to one of the RMBS offerings and Deutsche Bank filed a motion for summary judgment seeking dismissal of

the remaining claim. On February 9, 2026, the court granted Deutsche Bank’s motion for summary judgment and

dismissed the remaining claim in its entirety. Any appeal by the FDIC is due by April 13, 2026.

Deutsche Bank has resolved cases concerning two RMBS trusts that were brought initially by RMBS investors and

subsequently by HSBC, as trustee, in New York state court. The cases allege breaches of Deutsche Bank’s purported duty

to notify the trustee of breaches of loan-level representations and warranties in the ACE Securities Corp. 2006-FM1 and

ACE Securities Corp. 2007-ASAP1 RMBS offerings, respectively. Settlements were finalized and the cases were

voluntarily discontinued with prejudice in December 2025.

In the actions against Deutsche Bank solely as an underwriter of other issuers’ RMBS offerings, Deutsche Bank has

contractual rights to indemnification from the issuers, but those indemnity rights may in whole or in part prove

effectively unenforceable where the issuers are now or may in the future be in bankruptcy or otherwise defunct.

Trustee Civil Litigation. Deutsche Bank’s U.S. subsidiaries Deutsche Bank National Trust Company (DBNTC) and DBTCA

(collectively, the “Trustees”) are defendants in two separate civil lawsuits, and DBNTC is a defendant in a third civil

lawsuit, brought by investors concerning the Trustees’ role as trustees of certain RMBS trusts. The actions generally

allege claims for breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of the duty to avoid conflicts of interest, negligence

and/or violations of the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939, based on the Trustees’ alleged failure to perform adequately

certain obligations and/or duties as trustee for the trusts.

The three lawsuits include actions by (i) the National Credit Union Administration Board (NCUA), as an investor in

18 trusts that allegedly suffered total realized collateral losses of more than U.S.$ 3.7 billion; (ii) Commerzbank AG, as an

investor in 50 RMBS trusts, alleging hundreds of millions of dollars in losses; and (iii) IKB International, S.A. in liquidation

and IKB Deutsche Industriebank A.G. (collectively, “IKB”), as an investor in 12 RMBS trusts, in which IKB originally sought

more than U.S.$ 268 million of damages before IKB voluntarily discontinued its claims as to certain additional RMBS

trusts and certificates. In the NCUA case, following motions to dismiss and for summary judgment, the court has

dismissed NCUA’s tort claims as to all trusts and its breach-of-contract claims as to certain trusts. In the Commerzbank

case, following motions to dismiss and for summary judgment, the court has dismissed Commerzbank’s tort claims as to

all trusts and its breach of contract claims relating to certain of the trusts. A second round of summary judgment briefing

is pending before the court and the case has been stayed. In the IKB case, following motions to dismiss (including

appellate review) and for summary judgment, the court has dismissed IKB’s tort claims as to all trusts and its breach of

contract claims as to certain trusts. All parties have filed notices of appeal with respect to the court’s summary judgment

order and the case has been stayed pending resolution of the appeals.

The Group has established provisions or contingent liabilities with respect to certain of these matters, but the Group has

not disclosed the amounts because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously the

outcome of these matters.

1MDB. In 2021, 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) commenced proceedings at the Malaysian Courts against

Deutsche Bank Malaysia Berhad (DBMB) with respect to three wire transfers carried out by DBMB on 1MDB’s behalf in

2009 and 2011. 1MDB claims damages in the amount of U.S.$ 1.1 billion (representing the total amount of the

transactions) excluding interest claimed from the date of those wire transfers, which could be significant due to the long

duration since those transactions. At a hearing on July 11, 2025, the Court declined DBMB’s application for summary

dismissal on time-bar grounds, ruling that the issue requires a full trial which is currently scheduled for October and

December 2026. The Group has not disclosed whether it has established a provision or contingent liability with respect

to this matter because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously the outcome of this

matter.

300

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

Polish Mortgage Matters. Starting in 2016, certain clients of Deutsche Bank Polska S.A. have reached out to Deutsche

Bank Polska S.A. alleging that their mortgage loan agreements in foreign currency include unfair clauses and are invalid.

These clients have demanded reimbursement of the alleged overpayments under such agreements totaling over

€ 1.1 billion with over 8,791 civil claims having been commenced in Polish courts as of December 31, 2025. These cases

are an industry-wide issue in Poland and other banks are facing similar claims. Deutsche Bank Polska S.A. has and will

take necessary legal actions to defend itself and challenge such claims in courts.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the total portfolio provision for CHF and EUR mortgage cases was € 736 million

compared to € 895 million as of December 31, 2024, as a result of € 88 million of additional provisions being more than

offset by decreases reflecting payouts under court rulings and settlements with claimants.

Postbank Voluntary Public Takeover Offer. In September 2010, Deutsche Bank announced the decision to make a

voluntary takeover offer for the acquisition of all shares in Deutsche Postbank AG ("Postbank"). On October 7, 2010,

Deutsche Bank published its official takeover offer and offered Postbank shareholders a consideration of € 25 for each

Postbank share. This offer was accepted for a total of approximately 48.2 million Postbank shares.

Several former shareholders of Postbank who had accepted the takeover offer brought claims against Deutsche Bank

alleging that the offer price was too low. The plaintiffs allege that Deutsche Bank had been obliged to make a mandatory

takeover offer for all shares in Postbank, at the latest, in 2009. Based thereon, the plaintiffs allege that the consideration

offered by Deutsche Bank for the shares in Postbank needed to be raised to € 57.25 per share. Some plaintiffs filed

claims based on allegedly appropriate consideration of € 64.25 per share.

The claims for payment against Deutsche Bank in relation to these matters originally amounted to almost € 700 million

(excluding interest, which was significant due to the long duration of the proceedings).

At the end of April 2024, the Higher Regional Court of Cologne indicated in a hearing that it may find these claims valid

in a later ruling. As a consequence, Deutsche Bank recognized a provision of € 1.3 billion in the second quarter of 2024 to

provide for the amount of all pending claims and cumulative interest. In the third and fourth quarters of 2024, Deutsche

Bank reached settlements which included the settlement of one of the two lead cases.

On October 23, 2024, the Higher Regional Court of Cologne handed down its judgment in the remaining lead case and

fully granted the plaintiffs' claims. The court did not grant a further leave to appeal to the Federal Court of Justice (BGH).

On November 19, 2024, Deutsche Bank filed a complaint against the denial of leave to appeal with the BGH.

In the second quarter of 2025, Deutsche Bank concluded further settlement agreements. Including the settlement

agreements concluded in 2024, Deutsche Bank has now reached settlements with 90% of the plaintiffs’ claims by value

in the litigation (calculated based on the asserted shareholdings), which resulted in a partial release of the original

provision in second quarter 2025. As of December 31, 2025, the residual plaintiff claims of € 112 million (including

interest) are fully provisioned.

The legal question of whether Deutsche Bank had been obliged to make a mandatory takeover offer for all Postbank

shares prior to its 2010 voluntary takeover may impact two pending appraisal proceedings (Spruchverfahren). These

proceedings were initiated by former Postbank shareholders with the aim to increase the cash compensation of € 35.05

paid in connection with the squeeze-out of Postbank shareholders in 2015 and the cash compensation of € 25.18 offered

and annual compensation of € 1.66 paid in connection with the execution of a domination and profit and loss transfer

agreement (Beherrschungs- und Gewinnabführungsvertrag) between DB Finanz-Holding AG (now DB Beteiligungs-

Holding GmbH) and Postbank in 2012. The compensation of € 25.18 in connection with the domination and profit and

loss transfer agreement was accepted for approximately 0.5 million Postbank shares. The compensation of € 35.05 paid

in connection with the squeeze-out in 2015 was relevant for approximately 7 million Postbank shares.

The applicants in the appraisal proceedings claim that a potential obligation of Deutsche Bank to make a mandatory

takeover offer for Postbank at an offer price of at least € 57.25 should be decisive when determining the adequate cash

compensation in the appraisal proceedings. The Regional Court Cologne had originally followed this legal view of the

applicants in two resolutions. In a decision dated June 2019, the Regional Court Cologne expressly rejected this legal

view in the appraisal proceedings in connection with the execution of a domination and profit and loss transfer

agreement. According to this decision, the question whether Deutsche Bank was obliged to make a mandatory offer for

all Postbank shares prior to its voluntary takeover offer in 2010 shall not be relevant for determining the appropriate cash

compensation. The bank expects that the Regional Court Cologne will take the same legal position in the appraisal

proceedings in connection with the squeeze-out.

301

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

On October 1, 2020, the Regional Court Cologne handed down a decision in the appraisal proceeding concerning the

domination and profit and loss transfer agreement (dated December 5, 2012) according to which the annual

compensation pursuant to Sec. 304 of the German Stock Corporation Act (jährliche Ausgleichszahlung) shall be

increased by € 0.12 to € 1.78per Postbank share and the settlement amount pursuant to Sec. 305 of the German Stock

Corporation Act (Abfindungsbetrag) shall be increased by € 4.56 to € 29.74 per Postbank share. The increase of the

settlement amount is of relevance for approximately 0.5 million former Postbank shares whereas the increase of the

annual compensation is of relevance for approximately 7 million former Postbank shares. Deutsche Bank as well as the

applicants have lodged an appeal against this decision. On December 11, 2025, the Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf

(HRC) issued an indicative order (“Hinweisbeschluss”) in the appraisal proceedings regarding the domination and profit

and loss transfer agreement concluded in 2012. The HRC rejected the argument of the applicants that the initially paid

compensation of € 25.18 per share should be increased to the allegedly appropriate offer price under the 2010 takeover

offer (of at least € 57.25 per share). Additionally, the HRC indicated to request a further expert report on specific

valuation aspects and made a settlement proposal which is lower than the compensation fixed by the Regional Court

Cologne ruling (proposed compensation of € 28.00 instead of € 29.74 per share ruled by the Regional Court Cologne). In

January 2026, the bank stated its consent to the settlement proposal of the HRC, however, not all applicants consented

as required to reach a settlement ending the appraisal proceeding. Therefore, the HRC resolved on the appointment of a

new independent expert on February 4, 2026. The expert has been asked to provide a supplementary opinion on the

remaining valuation aspects identified by the HRC. The HRC further instructed the expert to prepare a revised

calculation of the appropriate annual compensation on the basis of the supplementary valuation opinion.

The Group has not disclosed whether it has established a provision or contingent liability with respect to the appraisal

proceedings because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously its outcome.

RusChemAlliance Litigation. In June 2023, RusChemAlliance LLC ("RCA"), a Russian joint venture of Gazprom PJSC and

RusGasDobycha JSC, filed a claim against Deutsche Bank before a commercial state court in Saint Petersburg seeking

payment of approximately € 238 million plus interest under an advance payment guarantee ("APG") issued by Deutsche

Bank in 2021 at the request of one of its clients. RCA’s payment demand under the APG was rejected by Deutsche Bank

due to the imposition of EU sanctions against Russia. At the end of May 2024, the Russian court fully granted RCA's

payment claim and RCA's motion for interim measures by which a corresponding amount in Deutsche Bank's Russian

subsidiary was frozen as the Russian courts do not recognize the applicability of the EU sanctions. Deutsche Bank’s

appeals against this decision were dismissed in September 2024 and January 2025, respectively.

In October 2024, upon application by RCA, the Russian court granted an anti-suit injunction (“ASI”) order against

Deutsche Bank prohibiting Deutsche Bank from continuing any court proceedings outside of Russia related to this issue

or enforcing any judgments or orders granted by a court outside of Russia under a threat of a court penalty of

€ 240 million in case of non-compliance with the ASI. Deutsche Bank complied with the ASI order in November 2024.

Deutsche Bank’s appeal against the ASI order was dismissed in January 2025. A further appeal filed with the Russian

Supreme Court was dismissed as well.

Deutsche Bank initially recognized a provision in the amount of € 260 million and a corresponding reimbursement asset

under an indemnification agreement in 2023. The provision was thus offset by the reimbursement asset. In November

2024, RCA enforced its payment claim in an amount of € 244 million including interest payable against assets of

Deutsche Bank maintained in Russia. After enforcement by RCA, which was covered by the provision, subsequent

developments led to a de-recognition of the indemnification asset. Deutsche Bank is still of the opinion that it possesses

a valid indemnification claim and is defending its position in court.

302

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	27 — Provisions

Sovereign, Supranational and Agency Bonds (SSA) Investigations and Litigations. Deutsche Bank has received inquiries

from certain regulatory and law enforcement authorities, including requests for information and documents, pertaining

to SSA bond trading. Deutsche Bank cooperated with those investigations.

Deutsche Bank and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., the bank’s primary U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary (DBSI), were named as

defendants in a putative class action filed in June 2023 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by

alleged direct market participants claiming a violation of U.S. antitrust law related to alleged manipulation of the

secondary trading market for United Kingdom government bonds. The complaint seeks treble damages and attorneys’

fees. In September 2024, the Court granted Deutsche Bank’s and DBSI’s motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to

state a claim. In July 2025, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, which added two additional named plaintiffs and

included claims by alleged purchasers of United Kingdom government bond futures or futures contract options.

Deutsche Bank and DBSI filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on September 9, 2025, which is now pending

a decision by the Court.

Deutsche Bank was named as a defendant in a consolidated putative class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the

Southern District of New York alleging violations of U.S. antitrust law and a claim for unjust enrichment relating to

Mexican government bond trading. Defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiffs’ consolidated amended complaint was

granted without prejudice. Plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint naming only Mexico-based defendants, which

was also dismissed without prejudice. Plaintiffs appealed to the Second Circuit, and in February 2024, the dismissal of

the complaint was reversed. Plaintiffs filed a further amended complaint in June 2024. Defendants filed a motion to

dismiss in July 2024, which the Court denied in January 2025. The case is now in discovery.

The Group has not disclosed whether it has established provisions or contingent liabilities with respect to the matters

referred to above because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously their outcome.

U.S. Treasury Spoofing Litigation. Five separate putative class actions have been filed in the Northern District of Illinois

against Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI. The cases allege that Deutsche Bank and other unnamed entities participated in a

scheme from January to December 2013 to spoof the market for Treasuries futures and options contracts and Eurodollar

futures and options contracts. Following briefing on a motion to dismiss, the judge ordered supplemental briefing on the

issues of standing and jurisdictional discovery, which has now been substantially completed. Plaintiffs filed an amended

complaint and then a further, second amended complaint. Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI filed a motion to dismiss in

September 2023 and a reply in December 2023. In September 2024, the court requested additional briefing on standing

under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which was completed in October 2024.

The Group has not disclosed whether it has established a provision or contingent liability with respect to these matters

because it has concluded that such disclosure can be expected to prejudice seriously their outcome.

Other

Irrevocable Payment Commitments with regard to levies and deposit protection. Certain entities of the Group are

required to make contributions to national resolution authorities or deposit protection schemes such as the European

Single Resolution Fund (SRF) administered by the Single Resolution Board. Part of such contributions may be provided in

the form of irrevocable payment commitments (IPCs) backed by cash and securities collateral. The Group remains the

economic owner of the collateral provided.

IPCs related to the bank levy according to the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD), the SRF and the deposit

protection provided by the German deposit protection fund amounted to € 1.5 billion as of December 31, 2025

(December 31, 2024: € 1.5 billion). Thereof € 1.0 billion of IPCs related to the SRF (December 31, 2024: € 1.0 billion) and

€ 0.5 billion to the German deposit protection fund (December 31, 2024: € 0.5 billion).

As of December 31, 2025, the total collateral provided for IPC consisted of € 1.0 billion of cash collateral, which is

presented in Other Assets, and € 524 million of securities collateral (December 31, 2024: € 1.0 billion and € 481 million,

respectively). Thereof € 1.0 billion of cash collateral related to the SRF (December 31, 2024: € 1.0 billion).

The Group has analyzed the impact of a judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU on the treatment of IPCs related to

the SRF in November 2025 in a matter unrelated to the Group and concluded that it is immaterial to the Group’s financial

statements with respect to all schemes for which IPCs are provided. This is based on the expected timing of potential

payments (i.e., if the respective entities of the Group were to give up their banking license or if the IPCs would be

exercised) and related discount rates.

303

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	28 — Credit related commitments and contingent liabilities

28 — Credit related commitments and contingent liabilities

Irrevocable lending commitments and lending related contingent liabilities

In the normal course of business, the Group regularly enters into irrevocable lending commitments, including fronting

commitments as well as contingent liabilities consisting of financial and performance guarantees, standby letters of

credit and indemnity agreements on behalf of its customers. Under these contracts the Group is required to perform

under an obligation agreement or to make payments to the beneficiary based on third party’s failure to meet its

obligations. For these instruments it is not known to the Group in detail if, when and to what extent claims will be made.

In the event that the Group has to pay out cash in respect of its fronting commitments, the Group would immediately

seek reimbursement from the other syndicate lenders. The Group considers all the above instruments in monitoring the

credit exposure and may require collateral to mitigate inherent credit risk. If credit risk management provides sufficient

evidence about an expected loss from a claim, a provision is established and recorded on the balance sheet.

The following table shows the Group’s revocable lending commitments, irrevocable lending commitments and lending

related contingent liabilities without considering collateral or provisions recognized in the balance sheet. The amounts

are the maximum potential utilization required by the Group in case all these liabilities entered into must be funded. The

table therefore does not show the expected future cash flows required for these liabilities as many of them will expire

without being drawn and arising claims will be honored by the customers or can be recovered from proceeds of arranged

collateral.

Irrevocable lending commitments and lending related contingent liabilities

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Irrevocable lending commitments		217,949		219,767
Revocable lending commitments		56,356		49,932
Contingent liabilities		79,092		73,468
Total		353,397		343,167

Other commitments and other contingent liabilities

The Group’s other irrevocable commitments and other contingent liabilities without considering collateral or provisions

were € 73 million as of December 31, 2025, and € 77 million as of December 31, 2024. The number considers the

maximum potential utilization of the Group in case all these liabilities entered into must be funded. The amounts

therefore do not contain the expected future cash flows from these liabilities as many of them will expire without being

drawn and arising claims will be honored by the customers or can be recovered from proceeds of arranged collateral.

Government assistance

In the course of its business, the Group regularly applies for and receives government support by means of Export Credit

Agency (ECA) guarantees covering transfer and default risks for the financing of exports and investments into Emerging

Markets and to a lesser extent, developed markets for Structured Trade & Export Finance and short and medium-term

Trade Finance business. Almost all export-oriented states have established such ECAs to support their domestic

exporters. The ECAs act in the name and on behalf of the government of their respective country and are either

constituted directly as governmental departments or organized as private companies vested with the official mandate of

the government to act on its behalf. Terms and conditions of such ECA guarantees are broadly similar due to the fact

that most of the ECAs act within the scope of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

consensus rules. The OECD consensus rules, an inter-governmental agreement of the OECD member states, define

benchmarks intended to ensure that a fair competition between different exporting nations will take place.

In some countries dedicated funding programs with governmental support are offered for ECA-covered financings. The

Group makes use of such programs to assist its clients in the financing of exported goods and services. In certain

financings, the Group also receives government guarantees from national and international governmental institutions as

collateral to support financings in the interest of the respective governments. The majority of such ECA guarantees

received by the Group were issued either by the Euler-Hermes S.A. acting on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany,

by the Atradius Credito y Caucion S.A. de Seguros y Reaseguros acting on behalf of the Kingdom of Spain or by the Korea

Trade Insurance Corporation acting on behalf of the Republic of Korea.

304

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	29 — Other Short-Term Borrowings

29 — Other Short-Term Borrowings

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Other short-term borrowings:
Commercial paper		13,211		5,954
Other		4,993		3,940
Total other short-term borrowings		18,204		9,895

30 — Long-Term Debt and Trust Preferred Securities

Long-Term Debt by Earliest Contractual Maturity

in € m.		Due in 2026		Due in 2027		Due in 2028		Due in 2029		Due in 2030		Due after 2030		Total Dec 31, 2025		Total Dec 31, 2024
Senior debt:
Bonds and notes:
Fixed rate		14,050		12,269		13,269		10,368		8,854		9,109		67,920		71,414
Floating rate		2,508		2,817		517		1,050		1,918		3,471		12,281		11,196
Other		3,550		2,369		2,220		1,845		1,152		15,120		26,256		20,578
Subordinated debt:
Bonds and notes:
Fixed rate		2,024		2,363		—		—		424		3,401		8,212		11,626
Floating rate		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		42		20		—		—		23		—		85		85
Total long-term debt		22,175		19,839		16,006		13,263		12,371		31,101		114,754		114,899

The Group did not have any defaults of principal, interest or other breaches with respect to its liabilities in 2025 and

2024.

Trust Preferred Securities1

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Fixed rate		—		—
Floating rate		283		287
Total trust preferred securities		283		287

1Perpetual instruments, redeemable at specific future dates at the Group’s option

305

Deutsche Bank	Notes to the consolidated balance sheet
Annual Report 2025	31 — Maturity Analysis of the earliest contractual undiscounted cash flows of Financial Liabilities

31 — Maturity Analysis of the earliest contractual undiscounted

cash flows of Financial Liabilities

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		On demand		Due within 3 months		Due between 3 and 12 months		Due between 1 and 5 years		Due after 5 years
Noninterest bearing deposits		174,274		—		—		—		—
Interest bearing deposits		245,203		148,888		117,503		14,882		11,777
Trading liabilities¹		42,879		—		—		—		—
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments¹		225,827		—		—		—		—
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		30,752		45,626		11,122		15,674		12,403
Investment contract liabilities²		—		—		469		—		—
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting³		—		72		24		33		43
Central bank funds purchased		1,967		—		—		—		—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		470		767		584		601		109
Securities loaned		2		—		—		—		—
Other short-term borrowings		6,416		3,882		8,197		—		—
Long-term debt		1		12,456		14,408		70,203		33,230
Trust preferred securities		—		—		299		—		—
Lease liabilities		122		147		430		1,814		2,632
Other financial liabilities		116,713		3,554		556		699		46
Off-balance sheet loan commitments		211,367		—		—		—		—
Financial guarantees		35,949		—		—		—		—
Total⁴		1,091,941		215,391		153,593		103,905		60,240

1Trading liabilities and derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting balances are recorded at fair value. The Group believes that this best represents the cash flow that

would have to be paid if these positions had to be closed out. Trading liabilities and derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting balances are shown within “on

demand” which Group’s management believes most accurately reflects the short-term nature of trading activities. The contractual maturity of the instruments may

however extend over significantly longer periods

2These are investment contracts where the policy terms and conditions result in their redemption value equaling fair value

3Derivatives designated for hedge accounting are recorded at fair value and are shown in the time bucket at which the hedged relationship is expected to terminate

4The balances in the table do not agree to the numbers in the Group’s balance sheet as the cash flows included in the table are undiscounted. This analysis represents the

worst case scenario for the Group if the Group was required to repay all liabilities earlier than expected. The Group believes that the likelihood of such an event occurring

is remote.

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		On demand		Due within 3 months		Due between 3 and 12 months		Due between 1 and 5 years		Due after 5 years
Noninterest bearing deposits		177,915		—		—		—		—
Interest bearing deposits		198,045		159,292		112,543		16,012		10,422
Trading liabilities¹		43,498		—		—		—		—
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments¹		276,410		—		—		—		—
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		30,224		35,024		5,943		13,767		8,373
Investment contract liabilities²		—		—		454		—		—
Negative market values from derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting³		—		978		614		27		57
Central bank funds purchased		1,227		—		—		—		—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		407		1,143		182		1,089		25
Securities loaned		2		—		—		—		—
Other short-term borrowings		1,487		5,767		2,862		—		—
Long-term debt		—		7,119		18,030		70,602		36,195
Trust preferred securities		—		—		302		—		—
Lease liabilities		3		157		454		1,933		3,116
Other financial liabilities		72,780		1,076		1,059		1,829		87
Off-balance sheet loan commitments		212,990		—		—		—		—
Financial guarantees		32,368		—		—		—		—
Total⁴		1,047,356		210,557		142,443		105,258		58,275

1Trading liabilities and derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting balances are recorded at fair value. The Group believes that this best represents the cash flow that

would have to be paid if these positions had to be closed out. Trading liabilities and derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting balances are shown within “on

demand” which Group’s management believes most accurately reflects the short-term nature of trading activities. The contractual maturity of the instruments may

however extend over significantly longer periods

2These are investment contracts where the policy terms and conditions result in their redemption value equaling fair value

3Derivatives designated for hedge accounting are recorded at fair value and are shown in the time bucket at which the hedged relationship is expected to terminate

4The balances in the table do not agree to the numbers in the Group’s balance sheet as the cash flows included in the table are undiscounted. This analysis represents the

worst case scenario for the Group if the Group was required to repay all liabilities earlier than expected. The Group believes that the likelihood of such an event occurring

is remote

306

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	32 — Common Shares

Additional Notes

32 — Common Shares

Common Shares

Deutsche Bank’s share capital consists of common shares issued in registered form without par value. Under German law,

each share represents an equal stake in the subscribed capital. Therefore, each share has a nominal value of € 2.56,

derived by dividing the total amount of share capital by the number of shares.

Number of shares		Issued and fully paid		Treasury shares		Outstanding
Common shares, January 1, 2024		2,040,242,959		(48,195,109)		1,992,047,850
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans		—		—		—
Capital increase		—		—		—
Common shares cancelled		(45,541,366)		45,541,366		—
Shares purchased for treasury		—		(86,796,707)		(86,796,707)
Shares sold or distributed from treasury		—		39,874,612		39,874,612
Common shares, December 31, 2024		1,994,701,593		(49,575,838)		1,945,125,755
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans		—		—		—
Capital increase		—		—		—
Common shares cancelled		(84,122,616)		84,122,616		—
Shares purchased for treasury		—		(76,926,379)		(76,926,379)
Shares sold or distributed from treasury		—		34,673,888		34,673,888
Common shares, December 31, 2025		1,910,578,977		(7,705,713)		1,902,873,264

There are no issued ordinary shares that have not been fully paid.

The Group has bought back shares pursuant to share buyback authorizations by the Annual General Meetings. All such

transactions were recorded in shareholders’ equity and no revenues and expenses were recorded in connection with

these activities. Treasury stock held as of year-end will mainly be used for cancellation with the purpose of distributing

capital to shareholders as well as for future share-based compensation.

Authorized Capital

The Management Board is authorized to increase the share capital by issuing new shares for cash consideration. As of

December 31, 2025, Deutsche Bank AG had authorized but unissued capital of € 2,493,000,000 which may be issued in

whole or in part until April 30, 2030. Further details are governed by Section 4 of the Articles of Association.

Authorized capital		Consideration		Pre-emptive rights		Expiration date
€ 498,000,000		Cash		May be excluded pursuant to Section 186 (3) sentence 4 of the Stock Corporation Act and may be excluded in so far as it is necessary to grant pre-emptive rights to the holders of option rights, convertible bonds, and convertible participatory rights		April 30, 2030
€ 1,995,000,000		Cash		May be excluded in so far as it is necessary to grant pre-emptive rights to the holders of option rights, convertible bonds, and convertible participatory rights.		April 30, 2030

Conditional Capital

Deutsche Bank has no outstanding conditional capital as of December 31, 2025.

Dividends

The following table presents the amount of dividends proposed or declared for the years ended December 31, 2025,

2024 and 2023, respectively.

		2025 (proposed)		2024		2023
Cash dividends declared (in € )		1,902,873,264		1,314,856,308		882,615,288
Cash dividends declared per common share (in € )		1.00		0.68		0.45

No dividends have been declared since the balance sheet date.

307

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

33 — Employee Benefits

Share-Based Compensation Plans

The Group made grants of share-based compensation under the Deutsche Bank Equity Plan. This plan represents a

contingent right to receive Deutsche Bank common shares after a specified period of time. The award recipient is not

entitled to receive dividends during the vesting period of the award.

The share awards granted under the terms and conditions of the Deutsche Bank Equity Plan may be forfeited fully or

partly if the recipient voluntarily terminates employment before the end of the relevant vesting period (or release period

for Upfront Awards). Vesting usually continues after termination of employment in cases such as redundancy or

retirement. Deferred share awards are subject to forfeiture provisions and performance conditions until release.

In countries where legal or other restrictions hinder the delivery of shares, a cash plan variant of the Deutsche Bank

Equity Plan was used for granting awards, and for employees of certain legal entities, deferred equity is replaced with

restricted shares due to local regulatory requirements.

Please note that this table does not cover awards granted to the Management Board. For awards granted under the DWS

Equity Plan, please refer to the DWS Share-Based Compensation Plans section.

The following table sets forth the basic terms of these share plans:

Grant year(s)		Deutsche Bank Equity Plan		Vesting schedule		Eligibility
2022-20254		Annual Award		1/4: 12 months1		Select employees as
				1/4: 24 months1		annual performance-based
				1/4: 36 months1		compensation
				1/4: 48 months1		(CB/IB/CRU and InstVV MRTs)
		Annual Award		1/3: 12 months1		Select employees as
				1/3: 24 months1		annual performance-based
				1/3: 36 months1		compensation (non-CB/IB/CRU)
		Annual Award		1/5: 12 months1		Select employees as
				1/5: 24 months1		annual performance-based
				1/5: 36 months1		compensation (Senior Management)
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Retention/New Hire		Individual specification		Select employees to attract and retain the best talent
		Severance		Individual specification		Regulatory requirement for certain employees to defer severance payments
		Annual Award – Upfront		Vesting immediately at grant3		Selected employees
2019-20214		Annual Award		1/4: 12 months1		Select employees as
				1/4: 24 months1		annual performance-based
				1/4: 36 months1		compensation
				1/4: 48 months1		(CB/IB/CRU and InstVV MRTs in a Material Business Unit)2
		Annual Award		1/3: 12 months1		Select employees as
				1/3: 24 months1		annual performance-based
				1/3: 36 months1		compensation (non-CB/IB/CRU)2
		Annual Award		1/5: 12 months1		Select employees as
				1/5: 24 months1		annual performance-based
				1/5: 36 months1		compensation (Senior Management)
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Retention/New Hire/Off-Cycle5		Individual specification		Select employees to attract and retain the best talent
		Severance		Individual specification		Regulatory requirement for certain employees to defer severance payments
		Annual Award – Upfront		Vesting immediately at grant3		Regulated employees

1For InstVV-regulated employees (and Senior Management) a further retention period of twelve months applies

2For grant year 2019 divisions were called CIB, for grant years 2020 and 2021 CIB is split into CB/IB/CRU

3Share delivery takes place after a further retention period of twelve months

4Annual and Retention/New Hire awards include grants made under the Restricted Share Plan from 2019-2025

5Off-Cycle awards granted up to 2020

308

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Furthermore, the Group offers a broad-based employee share ownership plan entitled Global Share Purchase Plan. The

Global Share Purchase Plan offers employees in specific countries the opportunity to purchase Deutsche Bank shares in

monthly installments over one year. At the end of the purchase cycle, the Group matches the acquired stock in a ratio of

one to one up to a maximum of ten free shares, provided that the employee remains at Deutsche Bank Group for another

year. In total, 12,775 staff from 21 countries enrolled in the cycle that began in November 2025.

The Group has other local share-based compensation plans, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, are material

to the consolidated financial statements.

The following table sets out the movements in share award units, including grants under the cash plan variant of the

Deutsche Bank Equity Plan.

Share units (in thousands)		2025		2024
Balance outstanding as of January 01		116,589		128,628
Granted		33,457		41,167
Released		(44,091)		(50,015)
Forfeited		(2,844)		(3,491)
Other movements		78		300
Balance outstanding as of December 31		103,189		116,589

The following table sets out key information regarding awards granted, released and remaining in the year.

		2025						2024
		Weighted average fair value per award granted in year		Weighted average share price at release in year		Weighted average remaining contractual life in years		Weighted average fair value per award granted in year		Weighted average share price at release in year		Weighted average remaining contractual life in years
DB Equity Plan		€17.47		€21.77		1.35		€10.30		€12.92		1.4

 

Share-based payment transactions resulting in a cash payment give rise to a liability, which amounted to approximately

€ 20 million and € 14 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The grant volume of outstanding share awards was approximately € 1.1 billion and € 1.0 billion as of December 31, 2025

and 2024, respectively. Thereof, approximately € 0.8 billion and € 0.8 billion had been recognized as compensation

expense in the reporting year or prior to that. Hence, compensation expense for deferred share-based compensation not

yet recognized amounted to approximately € 0.3 billion and € 0.2 billion as of December 31, 2025 and 2024,

respectively.

DWS Share-Based Compensation Plans

The DWS Group made grants of share-based compensation under the DWS Equity Plan. This plan represents a

contingent right to receive a cash payment by reference to the value of DWS shares during a specified time period.

In September 2018 one-off Initial Public Offering (IPO) related awards under the DWS Stock Appreciation Rights (SAR)

Plan were granted to all DWS employees. A limited number of DWS senior managers were granted a one-off IPO-related

Performance Share Unit under the DWS Equity Plan instead. For members of the Executive Board, one-off IPO-related

awards under the DWS Equity Plan were granted in January 2019.

The DWS Stock Appreciation Rights Plan represents a contingent right to receive a cash payment equal to any

appreciation (or gain) in the value of a set number of notional DWS shares over a fixed period of time. This award does not

provide any entitlement to receive DWS shares, voting rights or associated dividends.

The DWS Equity Plan is a phantom share plan representing a contingent right to receive a cash payment by reference to

the value of DWS shares during a specified period of time.

The award recipient for any share-based compensation plan is not entitled to receive dividends during the vesting period

of the award.

The share awards granted under the terms and conditions of any share-based compensation plan are forfeited fully or

partly if the recipient voluntarily terminates employment before the end of the relevant vesting period (or the end of the

retention period for Upfront Awards). Vesting usually continues after termination of employment in cases such as

redundancy or retirement.

309

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

The following table sets forth the basic terms of the DWS share-based plans:

Grant year(s)		Deutsche Bank Equity Plan		Vesting schedule		Eligibility
2024-2025		Annual Awards		1/3: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/3: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/3: 36 months1		compensation
		Annual Awards (Senior Management)		1/5: 12 months1		Members of the Executive Board
				1/5: 24 months1
				1/5: 36 months1
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Annual Award - Upfront		Vesting immediately at grant1		Regulated employees
		Retention/New Hire		Individual specification		Select employees to attract and retain the best talent
2023		Annual Awards		1/4: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/4: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/4: 36 months1		compensation (InstVV MRTs)
				1/4: 48 months1
		Annual Awards		1/3: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/3: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/3: 36 months1		compensation (non-InstVV MRTs)
		Annual Awards (Senior Management)		1/5: 12 months1		Members of the Executive Board
				1/5: 24 months1
				1/5: 36 months1
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Retention/New Hire		Individual specification		Select employees to attract and retain the best talent
		Severance		Individual specification		Regulatory requirement for certain employees to defer severance payments
2022		Annual Awards		1/4: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/4: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/4: 36 months1		compensation (InstVV MRTs)
				1/4: 48 months1
		Annual Awards		1/3: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/3: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/3: 36 months1		compensation (non-InstVV MRTs)
		Annual Awards (Senior Management)		1/5: 12 months1		Members of the Executive Board
				1/5: 24 months1
				1/5: 36 months1
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Retention/New Hire		Individual specification		Select employees to attract and retain the best talent
		Severance		Individual specification		Regulatory requirement for certain employees to defer severance payments
2021		Annual Awards		1/4: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/4: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/4: 36 months1		compensation (InstVV MRTs)
				1/4: 48 months1
		Annual Awards		1/3: 12 months1		Select employees as annual
				1/3: 24 months1		performance-based
				1/3: 36 months1		compensation (non-InstVV MRTs)
		Annual Awards (Senior Management)		1/5: 12 months1		Members of the Executive Board
				1/5: 24 months1
				1/5: 36 months1
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Retention/New Hire		Individual specification		Select employees to attract and retain the best talent
2020		Annual Awards (Senior Management)		1/5: 12 months1		Members of the Executive Board
				1/5: 24 months1
				1/5: 36 months1

310

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Grant year(s)		Deutsche Bank Equity Plan		Vesting schedule		Eligibility
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Severance		Individual specification		Regulatory requirement for certain employees to defer severance payments
2019		Annual Awards (Senior Management)		1/5: 12 months1		Members of the Executive Board
				1/5: 24 months1
				1/5: 36 months1
				1/5: 48 months1
				1/5: 60 months1
		Performance Share Unit Award		1/3: March 20221		Members of the Executive Board
		(one-off IPO related award granted in 2019)		1/3: March 20231
				1/3: March 20241
2018		Performance Share Unit Award		1/3: March 20221		Select Senior Managers
		(one-off IPO related award )1		1/3: March 20231
				1/3: March 20241
		SAR Award (one-off IPO related award)		For non-MRTs: 1 June 20213		all DWS employees2
				For MRTs: 1 March 20231,3

1Depending on their individual regulatory status, a six month retention period (AIFMD/UCITS MRTs) or a twelve month retention period (InstVV, and/or IFD MRTs starting

from 2023) applies after vesting

2Unless the employee received Performance Share Unit Award

3For outstanding awards, a 4-year exercise period applies following vesting/retention period

The following table sets out the movements in share award units.

		DWS Equity Plan				DWS SAR Plan
		2025		2024		2025				2024
Share units (in thousands)		Number of Awards		Number of Awards		Number of Awards		Weighted- average exercise price		Number of Awards		Weighted- average exercise price
Outstanding at beginning of year		2,017		2,377		367		€22.33		735		€24.65
Granted		699		938		—				35		22.33
Issued or Exercised		(1,007)		(1,342)		(305)		€22.33		(369)		€24.35
Forfeited		(29)		(41)		—				—		€—
Expired		—		—		(38)		€22.33		(18)		€23.40
Other Movements		46		86		—		€22.33		(16)		€22.33
Outstanding at end of year		1,726		2,017		23		€22.33		367		€22.33
Of which, exercisable		—		—		23		€22.33		367		€22.33

 

The following table sets out key information regarding awards granted, released and remaining in the year.

		2025						2024
		Weighted average fair value per award granted in year		Weighted average share price at release/ exercise in year		Weighted average remaining contractual life in years		Weighted average fair value per award granted in year		Weighted average share price at release/ exercise in year		Weighted average remaining contractual life in years
DWS Equity Plan		37.92		49.18		1.45		31.59		35.79		1.4
DWS SAR Plan		0		48.73		1.73		13.4		38.78		0.8

311

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

The fair value of outstanding share-based awards was approximately € 64 million and € 74 million as of December 31,

2025 and 2024, respectively. Of the awards, approximately € 48 million and € 63 millionhas been recognized in the

income statement up to the period ending 2025 and 2024 respectively, of which € 14 millionand € 40 million as of

December 31, 2025 and 2024 relate to fully vested awards. Total unrecognized expense related to share-based plans

was approximately € 16 million and € 12 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 respectively, dependent on future

share price development.

The fair value of the DWS Stock Appreciation Rights Plan awards has been measured using the generalized Black-

Scholes model. The liabilities incurred are re-measured at the end of each reporting period until settlement. The principal

inputs being the market value on reporting date, discounted for any dividends foregone over the holding periods of the

award, and adjustment for expected and actual levels of vesting which includes estimating the number of eligible

employees leaving the Group and number of employees eligible for early retirement. The inputs used in the

measurement of the fair values at grant date and measurement date were as follows.

		Measurement date Dec 31, 2025		Measurement date Dec 31, 2024
Units (in thousands)		23		367
Fair value		€34.36		€17.72
Share price		€56.50		€39.80
Exercise price		€22.33		€22.33
Expected volatility (weighted-average)		33%		33%
Expected life (weighted-average) in years		1.7		0.8
Expected dividends (% of income)		65%		65%

 

Given there is no liquid market for implied volatility of DWS shares, the calculation of DWS share price volatility is based

on 5-year historical data for DWS and a comparable peer group.

Post-employment Benefit Plans

Nature of Plans

The Group sponsors a number of post-employment benefit plans on behalf of its employees, both defined contribution

plans and defined benefit plans. The Group’s plans are accounted for based on the nature and substance of the plan.

Generally, for defined benefit plans the value of a participant’s accrued benefit is based on each employee’s remuneration

and length of service; contributions to defined contribution plans are typically based on a percentage of each employee’s

remuneration. The rest of this note focuses predominantly on the Group’s defined benefit plans.

The Group’s defined benefit plans are primarily described on a geographical basis, reflecting differences in the nature and

risks of benefits, as well as in the respective regulatory environments. In particular, the requirements set by local regulators

can vary significantly and determine the design and financing of the benefit plans to a certain extent. Key information is

also shown based on participant status, which provides a broad indication of the maturity of the Group’s obligations.

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Defined benefit obligation related to
Active plan participants		2,816		210		202		699		3,927
Participants in deferred status		1,673		1,135		470		82		3,360
Participants in payment status		4,860		1,333		417		218		6,828
Total defined benefit obligation		9,349		2,678		1,089		999		14,115
Fair value of plan assets		9,632		3,505		944		1,158		15,239
Funding ratio (in %)		103%		131%		87%1		116%		108%

1U.S. Total defined benefit obligation is inclusive of the unfunded U.S. Medicare Plan € 105 million in addition to defined benefit pension plans. The U.S. defined benefit

pension funding ratio excluding Medicare is 96%

312

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Defined benefit obligation related to
Active plan participants		3,084		272		229		715		4,300
Participants in deferred status		1,805		1,321		526		84		3,736
Participants in payment status		5,075		1,210		461		229		6,975
Total defined benefit obligation		9,964		2,803		1,216		1,028		15,011
Fair value of plan assets		10,237		3,678		1,050		1,141		16,106
Funding ratio (in %)		103%		131%		86%1		111%		107%

1U.S. Total defined benefit obligation is inclusive of the unfunded U.S. Medicare Plan € 120 million in addition to defined benefit pension plans. The U.S. defined benefit

pension funding ratio excluding Medicare is 96%

The majority of the Group’s defined benefit plan obligations relate to Germany, the United Kingdom and the United

States. Within the other countries, the largest obligation relates to Switzerland. In Germany and some continental

European countries, post-employment benefits are usually agreed on a collective basis with respective employee

workers councils, unions or their equivalent. The Group’s main pension plans are governed by boards of trustees,

fiduciaries or their equivalent.

Post-employment benefits can form an important part of an employee’s total remuneration. The Group’s approach is that

their design shall be attractive to employees in the respective market, but sustainable for the Group to provide over the

longer term. At the same time, the Group tries to limit its risks related to provision of such benefits. Consequently, the

Group has moved to offer defined contribution plans in many locations over recent years.

In the past the Group typically offered pension plans based on final pay prior to retirement. These types of benefits still

form a significant part of the pension obligations for participants in deferred and payment status. Currently, in Germany

and the United States, the main defined benefit pension plans for active staff are cash account type plans where the

Group credits an annual amount to individual accounts based on an employee’s current compensation. Dependent on

the plan rules, the accounts increase either at a fixed interest rate or participate in market movements of certain

underlying investments to limit the investment risk for the Group. Sometimes, particularly in Germany, there is a

guaranteed benefit amount within the plan rules, e.g. payment of at least the amounts contributed. Upon retirement,

beneficiaries may usually opt for a lump sum, a fixed number of annual installments or for conversion of the accumulated

account balance into a life annuity. This conversion is often based on market conditions and mortality assumptions at

retirement.

The Group also sponsors retirement and termination indemnity plans in several countries, as well as some post-

employment medical plans for a number of current and retired employees, mainly in the United States. The post-

employment medical plans typically pay fixed percentages of medical expenses of eligible retirees after a set deductible

has been met. In the United States, once a retiree is eligible for Medicare, the Group contributes to a Health

Reimbursement Account and the retiree is no longer eligible for the Group’s medical program. The Group’s total defined

benefit obligation for post-employment medical plans was € 126 million and € 142 million on December 31, 2025 and

December 31, 2024, respectively. In combination with the benefit structure, these plans represent limited risk for the

Group, given the nature and size of the post-retirement medical plan liabilities versus the size of the Group’s balance

sheet at year end 2025.

The following amounts of expected benefit payments from the Group’s defined benefit plans include benefits

attributable to employees’ past and estimated future service and include both amounts paid from the Group’s external

pension trusts and paid directly by the Group in respect of unfunded plans.

in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Actual benefit payments 2025		554		109		89		72		824
Benefits expected to be paid 2026		580		131		78		72		861
Benefits expected to be paid 2027		582		139		77		72		870
Benefits expected to be paid 2028		601		148		83		70		902
Benefits expected to be paid 2029		616		160		84		72		932
Benefits expected to be paid 2030		630		165		81		70		946
Benefits expected to be paid 2031 - 2035		3,221		891		418		392		4,922
Weighted average duration of defined benefit obligation (in years)		10		12		9		9		10

 

Multi-employer Plans

In Germany, the Group is a member of the BVV Versicherungsverein des Bankgewerbes a.G. (BVV) together with other

financial institutions. The BVV offers retirement benefits to eligible employees in Germany as a complement to post-

employment benefit promises of the Group. Both employers and employees contribute on a regular basis to the BVV. The

313

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

BVV provides annuities of a fixed amount to individuals on retirement and increases these fixed amounts if surplus assets

arise within the plan. According to legislation in Germany, the employer is ultimately liable for providing the benefits to

its employees. An increase in benefits may also arise due to additional obligations to retirees for the effects of inflation.

BVV is a multi-employer defined benefit plan. However, in line with industry practice, the Group accounts for it as a

defined contribution plan since insufficient information is available to identify assets and liabilities relating to the Group’s

current and former employees, primarily because the BVV does not fully allocate plan assets to beneficiaries nor to

member companies.

Governance and Risk

The Group maintains a Pensions Committee to oversee its pension and related risks on a global basis. This Committee

meets at least quarterly and reports directly to the Senior Executive Compensation Committee.

Within this context, the Group develops and maintains guidelines for governance and risk management, including

funding, asset allocation and actuarial assumption setting.

During and after acquisitions or changes in the external environment (e.g., legislation, taxation), topics such as the

general plan design or potential plan amendments are considered. Any plan changes follow a process requiring approval

by Group Human Resources and, above a certain threshold, also of the Pensions Committee.

Pension risk management is embedded in the Group’s risk management organization, with strong focus on market risks

given importance of capital market developments (e.g., interest rate, credit spread, price inflation) for the value of plan

assets and liabilities, hence IFRS and regulatory capital. Risk management thereby encompasses regular measurement,

monitoring and reporting of risks via specific metrics, as well as a risk control framework, e.g., via the establishment of risk

limits or thresholds as applicable. Risk management activities also include the consideration, review and measurement of

other financial risks, e.g., risks from demographic and other actuarial assumptions (e.g., longevity risk) but also the

assessment of model, valuation and other non-financial risks.

In the Group’s key pension countries, the Group’s largest post-employment benefit plan risk exposures relate to potential

changes in credit spreads, interest rates, price inflation and longevity, that are partially mitigated through the investment

strategy adopted. To the extent that pension plans are funded, the assets held mitigate some of the liability risks, but

introduce investment risk.

Overall, the Group seeks to minimize the impact of pensions on the Group’s financial position from market movements,

subject to balancing the trade-offs involved in financing post-employment benefits, regulatory capital and constraints

from local funding or accounting requirements.

Funding

The Group maintains various external pension trusts to fund the majority of its defined benefit plan obligations. The

Group’s funding principle is to maintain funding of the defined benefit obligation by plan assets within a range of 90% to

100% of the obligation, subject to meeting any local statutory requirements. The Group has also determined that certain

plans should remain unfunded, although their funding approach is subject to periodic review, e.g., when local regulations

or practices change. Obligations for the Group’s unfunded plans are accrued on the balance sheet.

For many of the externally funded defined benefit plans there are local minimum funding requirements. The Group can

decide on any additional plan contributions, with reference to the Group’s funding principle. There are some locations,

e.g., the United Kingdom, where the trustees and the Group jointly agree contribution levels. In most countries, the

Group expects to receive an economic benefit from any plan surpluses of plan assets compared to defined benefit

obligations, typically by way of reduced future contributions. Given the relatively high funding level and the investment

strategy adopted in the Group’s key funded defined benefit plans, any minimum funding requirements that may apply

are not expected to place the Group under any material adverse cash strain in the short term. With reference to the

Group’s funding principle, the Group considers not re-claiming benefits paid from the Group’s assets as an equivalent to

making cash contributions into the external pension trusts during the year.

In order to limit the extent to which the Group breached the upper end of its target funding ratio within Germany, the

Group has claimed around € 540 million and € 520 million from the trust in 2025 and 2024, respectively, from the plan

assets which represents the benefits paid from the Group’s assets on behalf of the trust.

For post-retirement medical plans, the Group accrues for obligations over the period of employment and pays the

benefits from Group assets when the benefits become due.

314

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Actuarial Methodology and Assumptions

December 31 is the measurement date for all plans. All plans are valued by independent qualified actuaries using the

projected unit credit method. A Group policy provides guidance to ensure consistency globally on setting actuarial

assumptions which are finally determined by the Group’s Pensions Committee. Senior management of the Group is

regularly informed of movements and changes in key actuarial assumptions.

The key actuarial assumptions applied in determining the defined benefit obligations on December 31 are presented

below in the form of weighted averages.

		December 31, 2025								December 31, 2024
		Germany		U.K.		U.S.1		Other		Germany		U.K.		U.S.1		Other
Discount rate (in %)		4.06%		5.54%		5.22%		3.52%		3.52%		5.48%		5.51%		3.20%
Rate of price inflation (in %)		2.02%		3.17%		2.30%		1.51%		2.06%		3.46%		2.20%		1.60%
Rate of nominal increase in future compensation levels (in %)		2.20%		3.17%		2.40%		3.10%		2.25%		3.46%		2.30%		2.96%
Rate of nominal increase for pensions in payment (in %)		2.02%		2.96%		2.30%		0.55%		2.06%		3.18%		2.20%		0.59%
Assumed life expectancy at age 65
For a male aged 65 at measurement date		21.5		23.5		22.7		22.1		21.5		23.2		22.1		22.0
For a female aged 65 at measurement date		22.9		25.1		23.9		24.1		23.7		25.1		23.5		24.1
For a male aged 45 at measurement date		22.8		24.8		24.0		23.7		22.8		24.4		23.5		23.6
For a female aged 45 at measurement date		24.0		26.5		25.3		25.6		24.8		26.4		24.9		25.6
Mortality tables applied		2025 Modified Richttafel n Heubeck 2018G		SAPS4 Light/Very Light with CMI 2024 projection s		PRI-2012 with adjusted MP-2021 projection		Country specific tables		2019 Modified Richttafel n Heubeck 2018G		SAPS3 Light/Very Light with CMI 2023 projection s		PRI-2012 with MP-2021 projection		Country specific tables

1Cash balance interest crediting rate in line with the 30-year U.S. government bond yield

For the Group’s most significant pension plans in the key countries, the discount rate used at each measurement date is

set based on a high quality corporate bond yield curve, which is derived using a bond universe sourced from reputable

third-party market data providers, and reflects the timing, amount and currency of the future expected benefit payments

for the respective plan.

The price inflation assumptions in the Eurozone and the United Kingdom are set with reference to market measures of

inflation based on inflation swap rates in those markets at each measurement date. For other countries, the price

inflation assumptions are typically based on long term forecasts by Consensus Economics Inc.

The assumptions for the increases in future compensation levels and for increases to pensions in payment are developed

separately for each plan, where relevant. Each is set based on the price inflation assumption and reflecting the Group’s

reward structure or policies in each market, as well as relevant local statutory and plan-specific requirements. In 2024,

the Group introduced a refinement to the methodology for estimating increases to pensions in payment for its main

German pension plan to better reflect the effects of recent short-term inflation, which resulted in a benefit recognized in

Other Comprehensive Income of € 100 million.

Among other assumptions, mortality assumptions can be significant in measuring the Group’s obligations under its

defined benefit plans. These assumptions have been set in accordance with current best estimate in the respective

countries. Future potential improvements in longevity have been considered and included where appropriate.

315

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Reconciliation in Movement of Liabilities and Assets – Impact on Financial Statements

		2025
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation:
Balance, beginning of year		9,964		2,803		1,216		1,028		15,011
Defined benefit cost recognized in Profit & Loss
Current service cost		106		7		6		39		158
Interest cost		343		145		59		31		578
Past service cost and gain or loss arising from settlements		14		2		—		12		28
Defined benefit cost recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Actuarial gain or loss arising from changes in financial assumptions		(517)		(87)		28		(25)		(601)
Actuarial gain or loss arising from changes in demographic assumptions		(56)		1		9		1		(45)
Actuarial gain or loss arising from experience		54		64		5		14		137
Cash flow and other changes
Contributions by plan participants		1		—		—		16		17
Benefits paid		(554)		(109)		(89)		(73)		(825)
Payments in respect to settlements		—		—		—		(6)		(6)
Acquisitions/Divestitures		(6)		—		—		—		(6)
Exchange rate changes		—		(148)		(145)		(38)		(331)
Other		—		—		—		—		—
Balance, end of year		9,349		2,678		1,089		999		14,115
thereof:
Unfunded		—		8		122		62		192
Funded		9,349		2,670		967		937		13,923
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Balance, beginning of year		10,237		3,678		1,050		1,141		16,106
Defined benefit cost recognized in Profit & Loss
Interest income		354		191		51		34		630
Defined benefit cost recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Return from plan assets less interest income		(443)		(58)		28		21		(452)
Cash flow and other changes
Contributions by plan participants		1		—		—		16		17
Contributions by the employer		43		—		19		47		109
Benefits paid1		(554)		(109)		(76)		(65)		(804)
Payments in respect to settlements		—		—		—		—		—
Acquisitions/Divestitures		(6)		—		—		—		(6)
Exchange rate changes		—		(194)		(126)		(35)		(355)
Other		—		—		—		—		—
Plan administration costs		—		(3)		(2)		(1)		(6)
Balance, end of year		9,632		3,505		944		1,158		15,239
Funded status, end of year		283		827		(145)		159		1,124
Change in irrecoverable surplus (asset ceiling)
Balance, beginning of year		—		—		—		(111)		(111)
Interest cost		—		—		—		(1)		(1)
Changes in irrecoverable surplus		—		—		—		(32)		(32)
Exchange rate changes		—		—		—		(1)		(1)
Balance, end of year		—		—		—		(145)		(145)
Net asset (liability) recognized		283		827		(145)		14		9792
Fair value of reimbursement rights		—		—		—		3		3

1For funded plans only

2Thereof € 1.2 billion recognized in Other assets and € 261 millionin Other liabilities

316

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

		2024
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation:
Balance, beginning of year		10,504		3,026		1,172		979		15,681
Defined benefit cost recognized in Profit & Loss
Current service cost		119		8		7		37		171
Interest cost		343		137		58		32		570
Past service cost and gain or loss arising from settlements		14		1		—		—		15
Defined benefit cost recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Actuarial gain or loss arising from changes in financial assumptions		(549)		(398)		(13)		13		(947)
Actuarial gain or loss arising from changes in demographic assumptions		—		10		—		3		13
Actuarial gain or loss arising from experience		71		(12)		(1)		11		69
Cash flow and other changes
Contributions by plan participants		1		—		—		16		17
Benefits paid		(539)		(113)		(85)		(62)		(799)
Payments in respect to settlements		—		—		—		—		—
Acquisitions/Divestitures		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange rate changes		—		142		78		(1)		219
Other		—		2		—		—		2
Balance, end of year		9,964		2,803		1,216		1,028		15,011
thereof:
Unfunded		—		10		139		68		217
Funded		9,964		2,793		1,077		960		14,794
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Balance, beginning of year		10,532		3,912		1,003		1,071		16,518
Defined benefit cost recognized in Profit & Loss
Interest income		350		177		50		34		611
Defined benefit cost recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Return from plan assets less interest income		(148)		(479)		4		34		(589)
Cash flow and other changes
Contributions by plan participants		1		—		—		16		17
Contributions by the employer		41		—		—		36		77
Benefits paid1		(539)		(112)		(71)		(54)		(776)
Payments in respect to settlements		—		—		—		—		—
Acquisitions/Divestitures		—		—		—		—		—
Exchange rate changes		—		185		67		4		256
Other		—		—		—		1		1
Plan administration costs		—		(5)		(3)		(1)		(9)
Balance, end of year		10,237		3,678		1,050		1,141		16,106
Funded status, end of year		273		875		(166)		113		1,095
Change in irrecoverable surplus (asset ceiling)
Balance, beginning of year		—		—		—		(102)		(102)
Interest cost		—		—		—		(1)		(1)
Changes in irrecoverable surplus		—		—		—		(9)		(9)
Exchange rate changes		—		—		—		1		1
Balance, end of year		—		—		—		(111)		(111)
Net asset (liability) recognized		273		875		(166)		2		9842
Fair value of reimbursement rights		—		—		—		3		3

1For funded plans only

2Thereof € 1.3 billion recognized in Other assets and € 317 million in Other liabilities

317

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Investment Strategy

The Group’s investment objective is to protect the Group from adverse impacts of its defined benefit pension plans on

key financial metrics. The primary focus is to protect the plans’ IFRS funded status in the case of adverse market

scenarios. Investment managers manage pension assets in line with investment mandates or guidelines as agreed with

the pension plans’ trustees and investment committees.

For key defined benefit plans for which the Group aims to protect the IFRS funded status, the Group applies a liability

driven investment approach. Risks from mismatches between fluctuations in the present value of the defined benefit

obligations and plan assets due to capital market movements are minimized, subject to balancing relevant trade-offs.

This is achieved by allocating plan assets closely to the market risk factor exposures of the pension liability to interest

rates, credit spreads and inflation. Thereby, plan assets broadly reflect the underlying risk profile and currency of the

pension obligations.

Where the desired hedging level for market risks cannot be achieved with physical instruments (i.e., corporate and

government bonds), derivatives are employed. Derivative overlays mainly include interest rate, inflation swaps and credit

default swaps. Other instruments are also used, such as interest rate futures and options. In practice, a completely

hedged approach is impractical, for instance because of insufficient market depth for ultra-long-term corporate bonds,

as well as liquidity and cost considerations. Therefore, plan assets contain further return-seeking asset categories such as

equity, real estate, high yield bonds or emerging markets bonds to create long-term value and achieve diversification

benefits. Furthermore, this shift in the investment strategy allows for actively taken market risk exposures from interest

rates and credit spreads within defined limits governed by the Pensions Committee. As a result, the market risk from plan

assets has been reduced.

The Group purchased insurance to cover € 1.1 billion uninsured liability for the U.K. Staff Scheme in 2024 which

negatively impacted Other Comprehensive Income in the Group’s financial statement by approximately € 120 million. In

total, the Group has entered into five buy-in transactions in the U.K. with third-party insurers protecting the Group from

movements in defined benefit obligations of around € 2.6 billion as at December 31, 2025.

Plan asset allocation to key asset classes

The following table shows the asset allocation of the Group’s funded defined benefit plans to key asset classes, i.e.,

exposures include physical securities in discretely managed portfolios and underlying asset allocations of any

commingled funds used to invest plan assets.

Asset amounts in the following table include both “quoted” (i.e., Level 1 assets in accordance with IFRS 13 – amounts

invested in markets where the fair value can be determined directly from prices which are quoted in active, liquid

markets) and “other” (i.e., Level 2 and 3 assets in accordance with IFRS 13) assets.

318

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

		December 31, 2025										December 31, 2024
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Cash and cash equivalents		431		137		(18)		60		610		305		163		3		66		537
Equity instruments1		1,189		124		89		280		1,682		1,060		—		111		256		1,427
Investment-grade bonds2
Government		1,608		168		288		196		2,260		1,814		77		277		214		2,382
Non-government bonds		3,817		358		429		360		4,964		4,090		531		474		358		5,453
Non-investment-grade bonds
Government		96		—		4		5		105		86		—		4		4		94
Non-government bonds		359		43		9		23		434		380		17		19		25		441
Securitized and other Debt Investments		32		48		46		19		145		37		21		85		16		159
Insurance		—		2,626		—		18		2,644		—		2,756		—		16		2,772
Alternatives
Real estate		632		—		—		104		736		719		—		—		99		818
Commodities		77		—		—		4		81		54		—		—		2		56
Private equity		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4		4
Other3		945		—		—		65		1,010		989		—		—		60		1,049
Derivatives (Market Value)
Interest rate		443		—		(29)		11		425		730		113		(49)		13		807
Credit		(12)		—		36		—		24		(18)		—		57		—		39
Inflation		—		—		—		11		11		—		—		—		14		14
Foreign exchange		15		1		—		2		18		(17)		—		—		(6)		(23)
Other		—		—		90		—		90		8		—		69		—		77
Total fair value of plan assets		9,632		3,505		944		1,158		15,239		10,237		3,678		1,050		1,141		16,106

1Allocation of equity exposure is broadly in line with the typical index in the respective market, e.g., the equity portfolio’s benchmark of the UK retirement benefit plans is

the MSCI All Countries World Index

2Investment-grade means BBB and above. Average credit rating exposure for the Group’s main plans is around A

3This position contains commingled funds which could not be segregated into the other asset categories

The following table sets out the Group’s funded defined benefit plan assets only invested in “quoted” assets, i.e., Level 1

assets in accordance with IFRS 13.

		December 31, 2025										December 31, 2024
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Total
Cash and cash equivalents1		56		16		(18)		9		63		(118)		(56)		3		12		(159)
Equity instruments2		868		124		89		56		1,137		757		—		110		45		912
Investment-grade bonds3
Government		558		168		268		57		1,051		599		77		256		52		984
Non-government bonds		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-investment-grade bonds
Government		5		—		—		—		5		2		—		1		—		3
Non-government bonds		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Securitized and other Debt Investments		—		19		—		—		19		—		—		—		—		—
Insurance		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Alternatives
Real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commodities		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Private equity		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Derivatives (Market Value)
Interest rate		—		—		(32)		—		(32)		—		—		(57)		—		(57)
Credit		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Inflation		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other		—		—		—		—		—		8		—		—		—		8
Total fair value of quoted plan assets		1,487		327		307		122		2,243		1,248		21		313		109		1,691

1Negative amounts relate to short-term liabilities

2Allocation of equity exposure is broadly in line with the typical index in the respective market, e.g., the equity portfolio’s benchmark of the UK retirement benefit plans is

the MSCI All Countries World Index

3Investment-grade means BBB and above. Average credit rating exposure for the Group’s main plans is around A

319

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

The following tables show the asset allocation of the “quoted” and “other” defined benefit plan assets by key geography

in which they are invested.

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Germany		United Kingdom		United States		Other Eurozone		Other developed countries		Emerging markets		Total
Cash and cash equivalents		(26)		135		(5)		465		19		22		610
Equity instruments		74		102		568		497		354		87		1,682
Government bonds (investment-grade and above)		329		166		307		860		135		463		2,260
Government bonds (non-investment-grade)		—		—		—		6		—		99		105
Non-government bonds (investment-grade and above)		533		441		1,809		1,608		507		66		4,964
Non-government bonds (non-investment-grade)		4		20		27		378		3		2		434
Securitized and other Debt Investments		18		31		45		22		28		1		145
Subtotal		932		895		2,751		3,836		1,046		740		10,200
Share (in %)		9%		9%		27%		38%		10%		7%		100%
Other asset categories														5,039
Fair value of plan assets														15,239

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Germany		United Kingdom		United States		Other Eurozone		Other developed countries		Emerging markets		Total
Cash and cash equivalents		(20)		172		30		311		20		24		537
Equity instruments		29		30		818		345		150		55		1,427
Government bonds (investment-grade and above)		376		77		300		980		207		442		2,382
Government bonds (non-investment-grade)		2		—		1		—		—		91		94
Non-government bonds (investment-grade and above)		500		632		1,843		2,021		392		65		5,453
Non-government bonds (non-investment-grade)		26		27		22		359		3		4		441
Securitized and other Debt Investments		23		21		83		15		17		—		159
Subtotal		936		959		3,097		4,031		789		681		10,493
Share (in %)		9%		9%		30%		38%		8%		6%		100%
Other asset categories														5,613
Fair value of plan assets														16,106

 

Plan assets include derivative transactions with Group entities with an overall positive market value of around

€ 630 million at December 31, 2025 and € 810 million December 31, 2024, respectively. There is neither a material

amount of securities issued by the Group nor other claims on Group assets included in the fair value of plan assets. The

plan assets do not include any real estate which is used by the Group.

320

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Key Risk Sensitivities

The Group’s defined benefit obligations are sensitive to changes in capital market conditions and actuarial assumptions.

Sensitivities to capital market movements and key assumption changes are presented in the following table. Each market

risk factor or assumption is changed in isolation. Sensitivities of the defined benefit obligations are approximated using

geometric extrapolation methods based on plan durations for the respective assumption. Duration is a risk measure that

indicates the broad sensitivity of the obligations to a change in an underlying assumption and provides a reasonable

approximation for small to moderate changes in those assumptions.

For example, the interest rate duration is derived from the change in the defined benefit obligation to a change in the

interest rate based on information provided by the local actuaries of the respective plans. The resulting duration is used

to estimate the remeasurement liability loss or gain from changes in the interest rate. For other assumptions, a similar

approach is used to derive the respective sensitivity results.

For defined benefit pension plans, changes in capital market conditions will impact the plan obligations via actuarial

assumptions (e.g., via the discount rate and price inflation rate) as well as the plan assets’ fair value. Where the Group

applies a liability driven investment approach or has insured part of the obligations as in the U.K., the Group’s overall risk

exposure to such changes is reduced. To help readers gain a better understanding of the Group’s risk exposures to key

capital market movements, the net impact of the change in the defined benefit obligations and plan assets due to a

change of the related market risk factor or underlying actuarial assumption is shown. Where changes in actuarial

assumptions do not affect plan assets, only the impact on the defined benefit obligations is reported.

Asset-related sensitivities are derived for the Group’s major plans by using risk sensitivity factors determined by the

Group’s Market Risk Management function. These sensitivities are calculated based on information provided by the plans’

investment managers and extrapolated linearly to reflect the approximate change of the plan assets’ market value in

case of a change in the underlying risk factor.

The sensitivities illustrate plausible variations over time in capital market movements and key actuarial assumptions. The

Group is not in a position to provide a view on the likelihood of these capital market or assumption changes. While these

sensitivities illustrate the overall impact on the funded status of the changes shown, the significance of the impact and

the range of reasonable possible alternative assumptions may differ between the different plans that comprise the

aggregated results. Even though plan assets and plan obligations are sensitive to similar risk factors, actual changes in

plan assets and obligations may not fully offset each other due to imperfect correlations between market risk factors and

actuarial assumptions. Caution should be used when extrapolating these sensitivities due to non-linear effects that

changes in capital market conditions and key actuarial assumptions may have on the overall funded status. Any

management actions that may be taken to mitigate the inherent risks in the post-employment defined benefit plans are

not reflected in these sensitivities.

321

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

		December 31, 2025								December 31, 2024
in € m.		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other		Germany		U.K.		U.S.		Other
Interest rate (–50 bps):
(Increase) in DBO		(455)		(165)		(25)		(40)		(525)		(210)		(25)		(45)
Expected increase in plan assets1		415		150		15		15		465		225		20		15
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		(40)		(15)		(10)		(25)		(60)		15		(5)		(30)
Interest rate (+50 bps):
Decrease in DBO		435		155		25		40		500		195		25		40
Expected (decrease) in plan assets1		(415)		(140)		(15)		(15)		(465)		(205)		(20)		(15)
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		20		15		10		25		35		(10)		5		25
Credit spread (–50 bps):
(Increase) in DBO		(455)		(165)		(50)		(45)		(525)		(210)		(55)		(50)
Expected increase in plan assets1		285		155		30		10		305		220		35		10
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		(170)		(10)		(20)		(35)		(220)		10		(20)		(40)
Credit spread (+50 bps):
Decrease in DBO		435		155		45		45		500		195		50		45
Expected (decrease) in plan assets1		(285)		(145)		(30)		(10)		(305)		(200)		(35)		(10)
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		150		10		15		35		195		(5)		15		35
Rate of price inflation (–50 bps):2
Decrease in DBO		140		115		5		10		165		150		5		10
Expected (decrease) in plan assets1		(180)		(120)		—		(5)		(260)		(150)		—		(5)
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		(40)		(5)		5		5		(95)		—		5		5
Rate of price inflation (+50 bps):2
(Increase) in DBO		(250)		(115)		(5)		(10)		(280)		(160)		(5)		(10)
Expected increase in plan assets1		180		120		—		5		260		160		—		5
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		(70)		5		(5)		(5)		(20)		—		(5)		(5)
Rate of real increase in future compensation levels (–50 bps):
Decrease in DBO, net impact on funded status		20		—		—		10		25		5		—		10
Rate of real increase in future compensation levels (+50 bps):
(Increase) in DBO, net impact on funded status		(20)		—		—		(10)		(25)		(5)		—		(10)
Longevity improvements by 10%:3
(Increase) in DBO		(190)		(55)		(20)		(10)		(205)		(60)		(20)		(10)
Expected increase in plan assets		—		55		—		—		—		55		—		—
Expected net impact on funded status (de-) increase		(190)		—		(20)		(10)		(205)		(5)		(20)		(10)

1Expected changes in the fair value of plan assets contain the simulated impact from the biggest plans in Germany, the U.K., the U.S., Channel Islands, Switzerland and

Belgium which cover over 99% of the total fair value of plan assets. The fair value of plan assets for other plans is assumed to be unchanged for this presentation

2Incorporates sensitivity to changes in pension benefits to the extent linked to the price inflation assumption

3Estimated to be equivalent to an increase of around 1 year in overall life expectancy

322

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	33 — Employee Benefits

Expected cash flows

The following table shows expected cash flows for post-employment benefits in 2026, including contributions to the

Group’s external pension trusts in respect of funded plans, direct payment to beneficiaries in respect of unfunded plans,

as well as contributions to defined contribution plans.

		2026
in € m.		Total
Expected contributions to
Defined benefit plan assets		95
BVV		60
Other defined contribution plans		280
Expected benefit payments for unfunded defined benefit plans		20
Expected total cash flow related to post-employment benefits		455

 

Expense of employee benefits

The following table presents a breakdown of specific expenses according to the requirements of IAS 19 and IFRS 2.

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Expenses for defined benefit plans:
Service cost1		173		171		164
Net interest cost (income)		(51)		(40)		(45)
Total expenses defined benefit plans		122		131		119
Expenses for defined contribution plans:
BVV		60		61		55
Other defined contribution plans		280		282		265
Total expenses for defined contribution plans		341		343		320
Total expenses for post-employment benefit plans		462		474		439
Employer contributions to state-mandated pension plans
Pensions related payments social security in Germany		243		232		218
Contributions to pension fund for Postbank´s postal civil servants		55		51		57
Further pension related state-mandated benefit plans		260		258		248
Total employer contributions to state-mandated benefit plans		557		541		523
Expenses for share-based payments:
Expenses for share-based payments, equity settled2		493		426		436
Expenses for share-based payments, cash settled2		86		64		43
Expenses for cash retention plans2		459		471		448
Expenses for severance payments3		162		487		293

1Severance related items under Service Costs are reclassified to Expenses for Severance payments

2Including expenses for new hire awards and the acceleration of expenses not yet amortized due to the discontinuation of employment including those amounts which are

recognized as part of the Group’s restructuring expenses

3Excluding the acceleration of expenses for deferred compensation awards not yet amortized. Severance related items under Service Costs were reclassified to Expense

for Severance payments

323

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	34 — Income Taxes

34 — Income Taxes

Income tax expense (benefit)

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Current tax expense (benefit):
Tax expense (benefit) for current year		1,814		1,330		1,284
Adjustments for prior years		(60)		(16)		56
Total current tax expense (benefit)		1,754		1,314		1,340
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Origination and reversal of temporary differences, unused tax losses and tax credits		696		900		1,158
Effect of changes in tax law and/or tax rate		(235)		23		7
Adjustments for prior years		40		(13)		(1,002)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)		501		909		163
Total income tax expense (benefit)		2,255		2,223		1,503

 

Total deferred tax expense (benefit) includes benefits from previously unrecognized tax losses (tax credits/deductible

temporary differences) and the reversal of previous write-downs and expenses arising from write-downs of deferred tax

assets. The deferred tax expense (benefit) was positively impacted by € 16 million in 2024 and by € 1.1 billion in 2023.

The Global Minimum Taxation Rules or Pillar 2 rules became applicable to Deutsche Bank starting in 2024, with Deutsche

Bank AG as the ultimate parent. The bank is required to annually determine the global minimum tax or Pillar 2 liability for

group entities in close to 60 jurisdictions. Temporary relief from detailed Pillar 2 calculations, which is determined on a

jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, may be available under transitional safe harbor provisions. These safe harbor provisions,

which are applicable in tax years 2024-2026, are based on the bank’s country-by-country reports filed annually with the

German tax authorities and certain other financial data. Uncertainties remain regarding the application of the Pillar 2

rules, further legislative developments and interpretative guidance in many countries are expected over time, and

implementation efforts are ongoing. The bank has estimated the potential impact on its financial position for 2025 on a

best effort basis and recognized a Pillar 2 related current tax expense of € 3 million (2024: € 3 million). The assessment

considered a number of qualitative and quantitative factors: (1) the bank’s blended statutory tax rate across all

applicable jurisdictions amounted to 27% (2024: 28%), which is significantly higher than the minimum tax rate of 15%; (2)

only five countries (2024: six) applied a statutory tax rate of less than 15% to the bank’s operations; and (3) based on an

analysis of the most recently available country-by-country data, the bank is estimated to qualify for relief under the

transitional safe harbor provisions in most of the jurisdictions it operates in.

Difference between applying German statutory (domestic) income tax rate and actual income tax expense (benefit)

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Expected tax expense (benefit) at domestic income tax rate of 31.3% (31.3% for 2024 and 31.3% for 2023)		2,839		2,098		2,490
Foreign rate differential		(346)		(192)		(85)
Tax-exempt gains on securities and other income		(302)		(246)		(319)
Loss (income) on equity method investments		—		(6)		—
Nondeductible expenses		233		520		392
Impairments of goodwill		—		—		55
Changes in recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets1		(4)		(59)		(1,238)
Effect of changes in tax law and/or tax rate		(235)		23		7
Effect related to share-based payments		—		(1)		—
Other1		70		85		201
Actual income tax expense (benefit)		2,255		2,223		1,503

1Current and deferred tax expense (benefit) relating to prior years are mainly reflected in the line items “Changes in recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets”

and “Other”

The domestic income tax rate, including corporate tax, solidarity surcharge, and trade tax, used for calculating deferred

tax assets and liabilities was 31.3% for 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Changes in recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets in 2023 mainly included the effect of the recognition of

previously unrecognized deferred tax assets in the U.K. In determining the amount of deferred tax assets, the Group uses

historical tax capacity and profitability information and, if relevant, forecasted operating results based upon approved

business plans, including a review of the eligible carry-forward periods, available tax planning opportunities and other

relevant considerations.

324

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	34 — Income Taxes

On July 11, 2025, the German Federal Council passed a new tax law (Gesetz für ein steuerliches

Investitionssofortprogramm zur Stärkung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland). Effective January 1, 2028, the German

corporate tax rate will gradually decline over a five-year period ending in 2032 from the current 15% to 10%. In 2025,

deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the Group’s operations in Germany that are estimated to reverse after

December 31, 2027 were remeasured to reflect the lower future tax rates. The remeasurement resulted in a positive net

impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements of € 97 million. € 234 million was recognized as a tax benefit in

profit or loss and € 137 million was recognized as an expense in other comprehensive income.

The Group is under continuous examinations by tax authorities in various jurisdictions. “Other” in the preceding table

includes the effects of these examinations by the tax authorities.

Income taxes credited or charged to equity (other comprehensive income/additional paid in capital)

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Actuarial gains (losses) related to defined benefit plans		(145)		(115)		137
Net fair value gains (losses) attributable to credit risk related to financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss		30		54		18
Financial assets mandatory at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period		(169)		113		59
Realized net gains (losses) arising during the period (reclassified to profit or loss)		10		13		1
Derivatives hedging variability of cash flows:
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period		12		73		(132)
Net gains (losses) reclassified to profit or loss		16		(64)		(110)
Other equity movement:
Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the period		15		141		151
Net gains (losses) reclassified to profit or loss		—		6		—
Income taxes credited (charged) to other comprehensive income		(231)		221		124
Other income taxes credited (charged) to equity		235		104		50

 

Major components of the Group’s gross deferred tax assets and liabilities

 

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets:
Unused tax losses		2,720		3,966
Unused tax credits		326		172
Deductible temporary differences:
Trading activities, including derivatives		3,154		3,634
Employee benefits, including equity settled share based payments		1,814		1,755
Accrued interest expense		1,621		1,477
Loans and borrowings, including allowance for loans		886		846
Leases		806		857
Intangible Assets		46		52
Fair value OCI (IFRS 9)		410		496
Other assets		525		525
Other provisions		177		237
Other liabilities		4		6
Total deferred tax assets pre offsetting		12,489		14,023
Deferred tax liabilities:
Taxable temporary differences:
Trading activities, including derivatives		4,432		4,874
Employee benefits, including equity settled share based payments		515		324
Loans and borrowings, including allowance for loans		465		538
Leases		718		762
Intangible Assets		763		752
Fair value OCI (IFRS 9)		50		45
Other assets		280		270
Other provisions		111		292
Other liabilities		6		38
Total deferred tax liabilities pre offsetting		7,340		7,895

Deferred tax assets on unused tax credits included € 322 million and € 151 million as of December 31, 2025 and

December 31, 2024 related to the corporate alternative minimum tax in the U.S.

325

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	34 — Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities, after offsetting

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Presented as deferred tax assets		5,743		6,702
Presented as deferred tax liabilities		594		574
Net deferred tax assets		5,149		6,128

   

The change in the balance of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities might not equal the deferred tax expense

(benefit). In general, this is due to (1) deferred taxes that are booked directly to equity, (2) the effects of exchange rate

changes on tax assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than euro, (3) the acquisition and disposal of

entities as part of ordinary activities and (4) the reclassification of deferred tax assets and liabilities which are presented

otherwise on the face of the balance sheet as components of other assets and liabilities.

Items for which no deferred tax assets were recognized

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025¹		Dec 31, 2024¹
Deductible temporary differences		(29)		(39)
Not expiring		(4,934)		(4,945)
Expiring in subsequent period		(20)		(2)
Expiring after subsequent period		(36)		(77)
Unused tax losses		(4,990)		(5,024)
Expiring after subsequent period		—		—
Unused tax credits		(1)		(1)

1Amounts in the table refer to deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and tax credits for federal income tax purposes

Deferred tax assets were not recognized on these items because it is not probable that future taxable profit will be

available against which the unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Group recognized deferred tax assets of € 241 million and

€ 4.0 billion, respectively, that exceeded deferred tax liabilities in entities which have suffered a tax loss in either the

current or preceding period. This is based on management’s assessment that it is probable that the respective entities

will have taxable profits against which the unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences

can be utilized. In determining the amounts of deferred tax assets to be recognized, management uses historical

profitability information and, if relevant, forecasted operating results, based upon approved business plans, including a

review of the eligible carry-forward periods, tax planning opportunities and other relevant considerations.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Group had temporary differences associated with the Group’s

parent company’s investments in subsidiaries, branches and associates and interests in joint ventures of € 259 million and

€ 286 million respectively, in respect of which no deferred tax liabilities were recognized. 

326

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	35 — Derivatives

35 — Derivatives

Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities

Derivative contracts used by the Group include swaps, futures, forwards, options and other similar types of contracts. In

the normal course of business, the Group enters into a variety of derivative transactions for sales, market-making and risk

management purposes. The Group’s objectives in using derivative instruments are to meet customers’ risk management

needs and to manage the Group’s exposure to risks.

In accordance with the Group’s accounting policy relating to derivatives and hedge accounting as described in Note 01

“Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates”, all derivatives are carried at fair value in the balance

sheet regardless of whether they are held for trading or non-trading purposes.

Derivatives held for sales and market-making purposes

Sales and market-making

The majority of the Group’s derivatives transactions relate to sales and market-making activities. Sales activities include

the structuring and marketing of derivative products to customers to enable them to take, transfer, modify or reduce

current or expected risks. Market-making involves quoting bid and offer prices to other market participants, enabling

revenue to be generated based on spreads and volume.

Risk management

The Group uses derivatives in order to reduce its exposure to market risks as part of its asset and liability management.

This is achieved by entering into derivatives that hedge specific portfolios of fixed rate financial instruments and forecast

transactions as well as strategic hedging against overall balance sheet exposures. The Group actively manages interest

rate risk through, among other things, the use of derivative contracts. Utilization of derivative financial instruments is

modified from time to time within prescribed limits in response to changing market conditions, as well as to changes in

the characteristics and mix of the related assets and liabilities.

Derivatives qualifying for hedge accounting

The Group applies hedge accounting if derivatives meet the specific criteria described in Note 01 “Material Accounting

Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates”.

In fair value hedge relationship, the Group uses primarily interest rate swaps and options, in order to protect itself against

movements in the fair value of fixed-rate financial instruments due to movements in market interest rates. In a cash flow

hedge relationship, the Group uses interest rate swaps in order to protect itself against exposure to variability in interest

rates. The Group enters into foreign exchange forwards and swaps for hedges of translation adjustments resulting from

translating the financial statements of net investments in foreign operations into the reporting currency of the parent at

period end spot rates.

Interest rate risk

The Group uses interest rate swaps and options to manage its exposure to interest rate risk by modifying the re-pricing

characteristics of existing and/or forecasted assets and liabilities, including funding and investment activities. The

interest rate swaps and options are designated in either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. For fair value hedges, the

Group uses interest rate swaps and options contracts to manage the fair value movements of fixed rate financial

instruments due to changes in benchmark interest. For cash flow hedges, the Group use interest rate swaps to manage

the exposure to cash flow variability of its variable rate instruments as a result of changes in benchmark interest rates.

The Group manages its interest rate risk exposure on a portfolio basis with frequent changes in the portfolio due to the

origination of new loans and bonds, repayments of existing loans and bonds, issuance of new funding liabilities and

repayment of existing funding liabilities. Accordingly, a dynamic hedging accounting approach is adopted for the

portfolio, in which individual hedge relationships are designated and de-designated on a more frequent basis (e.g., on a

monthly basis).

The Group assesses and measures hedge effectiveness of a hedging relationship based on the change in the fair value or

cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument relative to the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item

attributable to the hedged risk. Potential sources of ineffectiveness can be attributed to differences between hedging

instruments and hedged items:

327

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	35 — Derivatives

–Mismatches in the terms of hedged items and hedging instruments, for example the frequency and timing of when

interest rates are reset, frequency of payment and callable features.

–Difference in the discounting rate applied to the hedged item and the hedging instrument, taking into consideration

differences in the reset frequency of the hedged item and hedging instrument.

–Derivatives used as hedging instrument with a non-zero fair value at inception date of the hedging relationship,

resulting in mismatch in terms with the hedged item. This is particularly pertinent in periods proceeding high interest

rate moves.

Foreign exchange risk

The Group manages its foreign currency risk (including U.S. dollar and British pound) from investments in foreign

operation through net investment hedges using rolling foreign exchange forward strategy. In addition, the Group applies

cash flow hedge accounting for specific foreign denominated highly probable cash flows using foreign exchange forward

instruments as hedging instruments.

As the investments in foreign operations are only hedged to the extent of the notional amount of the hedging derivative

instrument the Group generally does not expect to incur significant ineffectiveness on hedges of net investments in

foreign operations. Potential sources of ineffectiveness are limited to situations where derivatives with a non-zero fair

value at inception date of the hedging relationship are used as hedging instrument, or where the spot foreign currency

risk has been designated as hedged risk, resulting in mismatch in terms with the hedged item. Similarly, for cash flow

hedge accounting applications the foreign exchange forward instruments generally match the terms of the underlying

highly probable transactions such that the Group does not expect to incur significant ineffectiveness in such hedge

relationships.

In addition to net investment hedges, the Group also applies cash flow hedge accounting (FX CFH) for USD denominated

Treasury bonds (HTC classified) held in EUR functional entities, utilizing foreign exchange forward contracts as hedging

instruments.

The hedged risk is the cash flow variability of highly probable HTC coupons driven by movements in spot FX. The Group

does not expect to incur ineffectiveness, as the notional amount of the hedging instrument should be equivalent to the

cash flow exposure on HTC bonds. The hedge is re-balanced monthly to reflect cash flow decay on HTC bonds, and FX

forward point risk is not a component of the designated risk therefore a highly effective hedge is observed. 

Fair value hedge accounting

Derivatives held as fair value hedges

		Dec 31, 2025						2025		Dec 31, 2024						2024
in € m.		Assets		Liabilities		Nominal amount		Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness		Assets		Liabilities		Nominal amount		Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness
Derivatives held as fair value hedges		2,966		4,494		122,199		1,247		2,546		6,282		108,170		671

 

		2025		2024
in € m.		Hedge ineffectiveness		Hedge ineffectiveness
Result of fair value hedges		370		454

Financial instruments designated in fair value hedges

		December 31, 2025												2025
		Carrying amount of Financial instruments designated as fair value hedges				Accumulated amount of fair value hedge adjustments - Total				Accumulated amount of fair value hedge adjustments - Terminated hedge relationships				Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness
in € m.		Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		19,696		—		(1,200)		—		5		—		(113)
Bonds at amortized cost		22,223		—		(407)		—		(1)		—		(385)
Long-term debt		—		69,660		—		(3,064)		—		(85)		(373)
Deposits		—		1,046		—		(125)		—		—		(5)
Loans at amortized cost		—		—		—		—		(1)		—		—

 

328

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	35 — Derivatives

		December 31, 2024												2024
		Carrying amount of Financial instruments designated as fair value hedges				Accumulated amount of fair value hedge adjustments - Total				Accumulated amount of fair value hedge adjustments - Terminated hedge relationships				Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness
in € m.		Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		17,305		—		(1,284)		—		1		—		(93)
Bonds at amortized cost		1,949		—		(21)		—		(1)		—		(10)
Long-term debt		—		73,946		—		(3,816)		—		(101)		(194)
Deposits		—		1,072		—		(162)		—		—		79
Loans at amortized cost		—		—		—		—		(1)		—		—

 

Cash flow hedge accounting

Derivatives held as cash flow hedges

		Dec 31, 2025						2025		Dec 31, 2024						2024
in € m.		Assets		Liabilities		Nominal amount		Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness		Assets		Liabilities		Nominal amount		Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness
Derivatives held as cash flow hedges		240		354		98,862		(50)		58		183		109,671		(229)

 

Cash flow hedge balances

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Dec 31, 2023
Reported in Equity1		(49)		36		44
thereof relates to terminated programs		—		—		—
Gains (losses) posted to equity for the year ended		(42)		(242)		436
Gains (losses) removed from equity for the year ended		(44)		234		398
thereof relates to terminated programs		—		—		—
Changes of hedged item's value used for hedge effectiveness		(40)		(212)		434
Ineffectiveness recorded within P&L		(8)		13		101

1Reported in equity refers to accumulated other comprehensive income as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

In accordance with IAS 39.96 the gains and losses posted to equity in a cash flow hedge relationship is the lesser of

cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument from the inception of the hedge and the cumulative change in fair

value of the expected future cash flows on the hedged item from inception of the hedge. As a result, changes of the

hedged item’s value used for hedge effectiveness are not fully recorded in equity if it exceeds the hedging instrument’s

fair value changes used for hedge effectiveness. Consequently, hedge ineffectiveness recorded within P&L does not

always reconcile to the difference between the changes of the hedged item’s value used for hedge effectiveness and the

hedging instrument’s fair value changes used for hedge effectiveness.

In the FX CFH, ineffectiveness is not expected considering FX forward point risk is not a component of the designated

risk. The change in both the hypothetical and hedging instrument fair value used for effectiveness testing is driven by FX

spot risk only, and is expected to offset (subject to a positive capacity test result).

As of December 31, 2025 the longest term cash flow hedge matures in 2037.

As of December 31, 2025 the longest FX CFH matures in 2032.

The financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges are recognized as Loans at amortized cost in the Group’s

Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Financial instruments designated in the FX CFH are recognized as Debt Securities HTC at amortized cost in the Groups

Consolidated Balance Sheet.

329

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	35 — Derivatives

Net investment hedge accounting

Derivatives held as net investment hedges

		Dec 31, 2025						2025		Dec 31, 2024						2024
in € m.		Assets		Liabilities		Nominal amount		Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness		Assets		Liabilities		Nominal amount		Fair Value changes used for hedge effectiveness
Derivatives held as net investment hedges		709		102		41,875		3,572		189		1,595		45,517		(2,442)

 

Net Investment hedge balances

in € m.		2025		2024
Reported in Equity1 2		(4,153)		(925)
thereof relates to terminated programs		—		—
Gains (losses) posted to equity for the year ended		(588)		(405)
Gains (losses) removed from equity for the year ended		(17)		(23)
thereof relates to terminated programs 3		(17)		(23)
Changes of hedged item's value used for hedge effectiveness		(3,789)		2,356
Ineffectiveness recorded within P&L 4		(232)		(81)

1Reported in equity refers to the accumulated income and expenses as recognised in the Group’s Other Comprehensive Income.

2Reported in equity includes unhedged foreign currency capital revaluation in the financial year ended December 31, 2025 of (€ 2.6 billion) and € 1.2 billion in 2024.

3Termination P&L includes changes due to hedged and unhedged capital of subsidiaries.

4 This materially includes fair value gains and losses from FX spot vs. FX forward differences where the FX spot is designated for hedge accounting purposes.

Profile of derivatives held as net investment hedges

in € m.		Within 1 year		1–3 years		3–5 years		Over 5 years
As of December 31, 2025
Nominal amount Foreign exchange forwards		31,947		230		167		—
Nominal amount Foreign exchange swaps		9,418		108		5		—
Total		41,365		338		172		—
As of December 31, 2024
Nominal amount Foreign exchange forwards		36,976		318		3		—
Nominal amount Foreign exchange swaps		7,990		230		—		—
Total		44,966		548		3		—

 

The Group uses a foreign exchange forward strategy. As indicated in the above table, the vast majority of forward

contracts mature within the year. The Group did not calculate an average foreign currency rate because the amount of

contracts that mature after 1 year are not material.

330

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	36 — Related Party Transactions

36 — Related Party Transactions 

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to directly or indirectly control the other party or exercise

significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions. The Group’s related parties include:

–Key management personnel including close family members and entities which are controlled, significantly influenced

by, or for which significant voting power is held by key management personnel or their close family members

–Subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates and their respective subsidiaries

–Post-employment benefit plans for the benefit of Deutsche Bank employees

Transactions with Key Management Personnel

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling

the activities of Deutsche Bank, directly or indirectly. The Group considers the members of the Management Board and

of the Supervisory Board of the parent company to constitute key management personnel for purposes of IAS 24.

Compensation expense of key management personnel

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Short-term employee benefits		49		47		37
Post-employment benefits		7		4		7
Other long-term benefits		13		35		17
Termination benefits		6		—		—
Share-based payment		30		15		18
Total		105		101		79

The above table does not contain compensation that employee representatives and former board members on the

Supervisory Board have received. The aggregated compensation paid to such members for their services as employees of

Deutsche Bank or status as former employees (retirement, pension and deferred compensation) amounted to € 1 million

as of December 31, 2025, € 1 million as of December 31, 2024 and € 1 million as of December 31, 2023.

Among the Group’s transactions with key management personnel as of December 31, 2025, were loans and

commitments of € 2 million and deposits of € 8 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Group’s transactions with key

management personnel included loans and commitments of € 2 million and deposits of € 17 million.

In addition, the Group provides banking services, such as payment and account services as well as investment advice, to

key management personnel.

Transactions with Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures and Associates

Transactions between Deutsche Bank AG and its subsidiaries meet the definition of related party transactions. If these

transactions are eliminated on consolidation, they are not disclosed as related party transactions. Transactions between

the Group and its associated companies and joint ventures and their respective subsidiaries also qualify as related party

transactions.

Transactions for subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are presented combined in below table as these are not

material individually.

Loans

in € m.		2025		2024
Loans outstanding, beginning of year		73		44
Net movement in loans during the period		(7)		70
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—
Exchange rate changes/other		—		(41)
Loans outstanding, end of year1		66		73
Other credit risk related transactions:
Allowance for loan losses		—		—
Provision for loan losses		—		1
Guarantees and commitments		3		3

1.Loans past due were € 0 million as of December 31, 2025 and € 0 million as of December 31, 2024. For total loans, the Group held collateral of € 0 million and € 0 million

as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

331

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	36 — Related Party Transactions

Deposits

in € m.		2025		2024
Deposits outstanding, beginning of year		29		33
Net movement in deposits during the period		(7)		(4)
Changes in the group of consolidated companies		—		—
Exchange rate changes/other		—		—
Deposits outstanding, end of year		22		29

 

Other transactions

Other transactions include bonds issued by associated companies which the Group acquired and classified as trading

assets. These trading assets amounted to € 17 million as of December 31, 2025, and € 27 million as of December 31,

2024.

Other assets related to transactions with associated companies amounted to € 2 million as of December 31, 2025, and

€ 2 million as of December 31, 2024. Other liabilities related to transactions with associated companies were € 4 million

as of December 31, 2025, and € 0 million as of December 31, 2024.

Transactions with Pension Plans

Under IFRS, post-employment benefit plans are considered related parties. The Group has business relationships with a

number of its pension plans pursuant to which it provides financial services to these plans, including investment

management services.

Transactions with related party pension plans

in € m.		2025		2024
Equity shares issued by the Group held in plan assets		—		—
Other assets		1		2
Fees paid from plan assets to asset managers of the Group		16		16
Market value of derivatives with a counterparty of the Group		411		679
Notional amount of derivatives with a counterparty of the Group		8,885		9,730

332

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	37 — Information on Subsidiaries

37 — Information on Subsidiaries

Composition of the Group

Deutsche Bank AG is the direct or indirect holding company for the Group’s subsidiaries.The Group consists of 539 (2024:

521) consolidated entities, thereof 264 (2024: 229) consolidated structured entities. 309 (2024: 328) of the entities

controlled by the Group are directly or indirectly held by the Group at 100% of the ownership interests (share of capital).

Third parties also hold ownership interests in 230 (2024: 193) of the consolidated entities (noncontrolling interests). As of

December 31, 2025, and 2024, one subsidiary has material noncontrolling interests. Noncontrolling interests for all other

subsidiaries are neither individually nor cumulatively material to the Group.

Subsidiaries with material noncontrolling interests

		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
DWS Group GmbH & Co. KGaA
Proportion of ownership interests and voting rights held by noncontrolling interests		20.51%		20.51%
Place of business		Global		Global

 

in € m		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		191		133
Accumulated noncontrolling interests of the subsidiary		1,544		1,546
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests		90		250
Summarized financial information:
Total assets		11,775		11,871
Total liabilities		4,295		4,379
Total net revenues		3,155		2,765
Net income (loss)		928		652
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		429		904

Significant restrictions to access or use the Group’s assets

Statutory, contractual or regulatory requirements as well as protective rights of noncontrolling interests might restrict

the ability of the Group to access and transfer assets freely to or from other entities within the Group and to settle

liabilities of the Group.

The following contractual restrictions impact the Group’s ability to use assets and the table below reflects the volume of

those restricted assets:

–The Group has pledged assets to collateralize its obligations under repurchase agreements, securities financing

transactions, collateralized loan obligations and for margining purposes for OTC derivative liabilities

–The assets of consolidated structured entities are held for the benefit of the parties that have bought the notes issued

by these entities

Restricted assets

		December 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
in € m.		Total assets		Restricted assets		Total assets		Restricted assets
Interest-earning deposits with banks		148,650		49		132,741		31
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		519,960		74,127		545,895		62,615
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		43,644		12,663		42,090		5,969
Loans at amortized cost		478,214		38,440		483,897		41,942
Other		249,405		10,103		186,409		3,206
Total		1,439,873		135,382		1,391,033		113,762

In addition to the above and in line with the regulation on Liquidity Coverage Ratio (Commission Delegated Regulation

(EU) 2015/61), the Group identifies if assets held in third country are subject to restrictions to their free transferability.

The Group identifies the volume of High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) in excess of net cash outflows held in the third

countries which are not freely transferable and excludes them from the HQLA. The aggregated amount of such HQLA

that are held at entities in third countries and considered restricted is € 20.5 billion as of December 31, 2025

(€ 20.5 billion as of December 31, 2024).

333

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	38 — Structured entities

38 — Structured entities

Nature, purpose and extent of the Group’s interests in structured entities

The Group engages in various business activities with structured entities which are designed to achieve a specific

business purpose. A structured entity is one that has been set up so that any voting rights or similar rights are not the

dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity. An example is when voting rights relate only to administrative tasks

and the relevant activities are directed by contractual arrangements.

A structured entity often has some or all of the following features or attributes:

–Restricted activities

–A narrow and well-defined objective

–Insufficient equity to permit the structured entity to finance its activities without subordinated financial support

–Financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instruments to investors that create concentrations of credit or

other risks (tranches)

The principal uses of structured entities are to provide clients with access to specific portfolios of assets and to provide

market liquidity for clients through securitizing financial assets. Structured entities may be established as corporations,

trusts or partnerships. Structured entities generally finance the purchase of assets by issuing debt and equity securities

that are collateralized by and/or indexed to the assets held by the structured entities. The debt and equity securities

issued by structured entities may include tranches with varying levels of subordination.

Structured entities are consolidated when the substance of the relationship between the Group and the structured

entities indicate that the structured entities are controlled by the Group, as discussed in Note 01 “Material Accounting

Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates”.

Consolidated structured entities

The Group has contractual arrangements which may require it to provide financial support to the following types of

consolidated structured entities.

Securitization vehicles

The Group uses securitization vehicles for funding purchase of diversified pool of assets. The Group provides financial

support to these entities in the form of liquidity facility. As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were

no outstanding loan commitments to these entities.

Funds

The Group may provide funding and liquidity facility or guarantees to funds consolidated by the Group. As of December 31,

2025, and December 31, 2024, the notional value of the liquidity facilities and guarantees provided by the Group to such

funds was € 1.6 billion and € 1.5 billion, respectively.

Deutsche Bank did not provide non-contractual support during the year to consolidated structured entities.

Unconsolidated structured entities

These are entities which are not consolidated because the Group does not control them through voting rights, contract,

funding agreements, or other means. The extent of the Group’s interests to unconsolidated structured entities will vary

depending on the type of structured entities.

Below is a description of the Group’s involvements in unconsolidated structured entities by type.

Repackaging and investment entities

Repackaging and investment entities are established to meet clients’ investment needs through the combination of

securities and derivatives. These entities are not consolidated by the Group because the Group does not have power to

influence the returns obtained from the entities. These entities are usually set up to provide a certain investment return

pre-agreed with the investor, and the Group is not able to change the investment strategy or return during the life of the

transaction.

334

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	38 — Structured entities

Third party funding entities

The Group provides funding to structured entities that hold a variety of assets. These entities may take the form of

funding entities, trusts and private investment companies. The funding is collateralized by the asset in the structured

entities. The Group’s involvement predominantly includes both lending and loan commitments.

The vehicles used in these transactions are controlled by the borrowers who have the ability to decide whether to post

additional margin or collateral in respect of the financing. In such cases, where borrowers can decide to continue or

terminate the financing, the borrowers will consolidate the vehicle.

Securitization Vehicles

The Group establishes securitization vehicles which purchase diversified pools of assets, including fixed income

securities, corporate loans, and asset-backed securities (predominantly commercial and residential mortgage-backed

securities and credit card receivables). The vehicles fund these purchases by issuing multiple tranches of debt and equity

securities, the repayment of which is linked to the performance of the assets in the vehicles.

The Group may transfer assets to these securitization vehicles and provides financial support to these entities in the form

of liquidity facilities. The Group also invests and provides liquidity facilities to third party sponsored securitization

vehicles. The securitization vehicles that are not consolidated into the Group are those where the Group does not hold

the power or ability to unilaterally remove the servicer or special servicer who has been delegated power over the

activities of the entity.

Funds

The Group establishes structured entities to accommodate client requirements to hold investments in specific assets.

The Group also invests in funds that are sponsored by third parties or the bank may act as fund manager, custodian or

some other capacity and provide funding and liquidity facilities to both bank sponsored and third party funds. The

funding provided is collateralized by the underlying assets held by the fund.

The Group does not consolidate funds when Deutsche Bank is deemed agent or when another third party investor has

the ability to direct the activities of the fund.

Other

These are Deutsche Bank sponsored or third party structured entities that do not fall into any criteria above. These

entities are not consolidated by the Group when the bank does not hold power over the decision making of these entities

Income derived from involvement with structured entities

The Group earns management fees and, occasionally, performance-based fees for its investment management service in

relation to funds. Interest income is recognized on the funding provided to structured entities. Any trading revenue as a

result of derivatives with structured entities and from the movements in the value of notes held in these entities is

recognized in ‘Net gains/losses on financial assets/liabilities held at fair value through profit and loss.

Interests in unconsolidated structured entities

The Group’s interests in unconsolidated structured entities refer to contractual and non-contractual involvement that

exposes the bank to variability of returns from the performance of the structured entities. Examples of interests in

unconsolidated structured entities include debt or equity investments, liquidity facilities, guarantees and certain

derivative instruments in which the Group is absorbing variability of returns from the structured entities.

Interests in unconsolidated structured entities exclude instruments which introduce variability of returns into the

structured entities. For example, when the bank purchases credit protection from an unconsolidated structured entity

whose purpose and design is to pass through credit risk to investors, the bank is providing the variability of returns to the

entity rather than absorbing variability. The purchased credit protection is therefore not considered as an interest for the

purpose of the table below.

Maximum exposure to unconsolidated structured entities

The maximum exposure to loss is determined by considering the nature of the interest in the unconsolidated structured

entity. The maximum exposure for loans and trading instruments is reflected by their carrying amounts in the

consolidated balance sheet. The maximum exposure for derivatives and off-balance sheet commitments such as

guarantees, liquidity facilities and loan commitments under IFRS 12, as interpreted by Deutsche Bank, is reflected by the

notional amounts. Such amounts or its development do not reflect the economic risks faced by the Group because it

does not take into account the effects of collateral or hedges, nor the probability of such losses being incurred. At

December 31, 2025, the notional related to the positive and negative replacement values of derivatives and off balance

sheet commitments were € 188 billion, € 591 billion and € 28 billion respectively. At December 31, 2024, the notional

related to the positive and negative replacement values of derivatives and off balance sheet commitments were

€ 220 billion, € 746 billion and € 29 billion, respectively.

335

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	38 — Structured entities

Size of structured entities

The Group provides a different measure for size of structured entities depending on their type. The following measures

have been considered as appropriate indicators for evaluating the size of structured entities:

–Funds – Net asset value or assets under management where the bank holds fund units and notional of derivatives

when the bank’s interest comprises of derivatives

–Securitizations – notional of notes in issue (excluding interest only and excess notes where applicable) when the

Group derives its interests through notes its holds and notional of derivatives when the bank’s interests is in the form

of derivatives

–Third-party funding entities –Total assets in entities

–Repackaging and investment entities – Fair value of notes in issue

For third party funding entities, size information is not publicly available, therefore the Group has disclosed the greater of

the collateral received/pledged or the notional of the exposure the bank has to the entity.

Based on the above definitions, the total size of structured entities is € 3,003 billion, of which the majority of

€ 1,815 billion is from Funds. In 2024, it was € 3,156 billion and € 1,828 billion, respectively.

The following table shows, by type of structured entity, the carrying amounts of the Group’s interests recognized in the

consolidated statement of financial position as well as the maximum exposure to loss resulting from these interests. The

carrying amounts presented below do not reflect the true variability of returns faced by the Group because they do not

take into account the effects of collateral or hedges.

Carrying amounts and size relating to Deutsche Bank’s interests

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Repacka- ging and Investment Entities		Third Party Funding Entities		Securiti- zations		Funds		Total
Assets
Cash and central bank balances		—		—		—		—		—
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		—		—		—		2		2
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		—		777		902		5,857		7,536
Securities Borrowed		—		—		—		—		—
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		249		3,150		5,893		81,892		91,184
Trading assets		166		1,751		4,462		6,243		12,622
Positive market values (derivative financial instruments)		83		326		29		4,428		4,866
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		—		1,072		1,401		71,221		73,695
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		—		579		423		87		1,088
Loans at amortized cost		207		50,712		36,059		23,786		110,764
Other assets		87		642		4,117		5,962		10,808
Total assets		543		55,860		47,393		117,587		221,383
Liabilities
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		414		19		191		4,937		5,561
Negative market values (derivative financial instruments)		414		19		191		4,937		5,561
Other short-term borrowings		—		—		—		—		—
Other liabilities		—		—		—		—		—
Total liabilities		414		19		191		4,937		5,561
Off-balance sheet exposure		—		5,459		15,118		7,629		28,207
Total		129		61,300		62,320		120,279		244,028

 

336

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	38 — Structured entities

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Repacka- ging and Investment Entities		Third Party Funding Entities		Securiti- zations		Funds		Total
Assets
Cash and central bank balances		—		—		—		—		—
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		1		—		—		2		3
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		—		1,009		382		4,532		5,923
Securities Borrowed		—		—		—		—		—
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		321		4,314		4,652		71,818		81,105
Trading assets		152		2,489		3,773		4,075		10,490
Positive market values (derivative financial instruments)		169		386		38		6,044		6,636
Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss		—		1,439		841		61,699		63,978
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss		—		—		—		—		—
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		—		1,212		479		194		1,885
Loans at amortized cost		188		63,015		34,260		21,540		119,003
Other assets		1		735		4,361		7,774		12,871
Total assets		510		70,285		44,134		105,858		220,788
Liabilities
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		1		45		138		6,549		6,733
Negative market values (derivative financial instruments)		1		45		138		6,549		6,733
Other short-term borrowings		—		—		—		—		—
Other liabilities		—		—		—		—		—
Total liabilities		1		45		138		6,549		6,733
Off-balance sheet exposure		—		8,085		12,915		8,089		29,089
Total		509		78,325		56,912		107,398		243,144

 

Total trading assets as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, of € 12.6 billion and € 10.5 billion are comprised

primarily of € 4.5 billion and € 3.8 billion in securitizations and € 6.2 billion and € 4.1 billion in funds structured entities,

respectively. The Group’s interests in securitizations are collateralized by the assets contained in these entities. Where

the Group holds fund units these are typically in regard to market making in funds or otherwise serve as hedges for notes

issued to clients. Moreover, the credit risk arising from loans made to third party funding structured entities is mitigated

by the collateral received.

Non-trading financial assets mandatory at fair value through profit or loss includes reverse repurchase agreements to

funds which comprise the majority of the interests in this category and are collateralized by the underlying securities.

Loans as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, consist of € 110.8 billion and € 119.0 billion investment in

securitization tranches and financing to third party funding entities. The Group’s financing to third party funding entities

is collateralized by the assets in those structured entities.

Other assets as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, of € 10.8 billion and € 12.9 billion, respectively, consist

primarily of cash margin balances.

Pending Receivable balances are not included in this disclosure note due to the fact that these balances arise from

typical customer supplier relationships out of e.g., brokerage type activities and their inherent volatility would not

provide users of the financial statements with effective information about Deutsche Bank’s exposures to structured

entities.

Financial support

Deutsche Bank did not provide non-contractual support during the year to unconsolidated structured entities.

337

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	38 — Structured entities

Sponsored unconsolidated structured entities where the Group has no interest as

of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024

As a sponsor, Deutsche Bank is involved in the legal set up and marketing of the entity and supports the entity in

different ways, namely:

–Transferring assets to the entities

–Providing seed capital to the entities

–Providing operational support to ensure the entity’s continued operation

–Providing guarantees of performance to the structured entities.

The bank is also deemed a sponsor for a structured entity if market participants would reasonably associate the entity

with Deutsche Bank. Additionally, the use of the Deutsche Bank name for the structured entity indicates that the bank

has acted as a sponsor.

The gross revenues from sponsored entities where the bank did not hold an interest as of December 31, 2025, and

December 31, 2024, were € 218 million and € 581 million, respectively. Instances where the bank does not hold an

interest in an unconsolidated sponsored structured entity include cases where any seed capital or funding to the

structured entity has already been repaid in full to the Group during the year. This amount does not take into account the

impacts of hedges and is recognized in Net gains/losses on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit and loss.

The aggregated carrying amounts of assets transferred to sponsored unconsolidated structured entities in 2025 were

€ 5.8 billion for securitization and € 3.1 billion for repackaging and investment entities. In 2024, they were € 3.7 billion for

securitization and € 2.3 billion for repackaging and investment entities.

338

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	39 — Current and non-current assets and liabilities

39 — Current and non-current assets and liabilities

Asset and liability line items by amounts recovered or settled within or after one

year

Asset items as of December 31, 2025

		Amounts to be recovered or settled				Total
in € m.		within one year		after one year		Dec 31, 2025
Cash and central bank balances		164,659		—		164,659
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		6,956		6		6,962
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		27,900		9,609		37,509
Securities borrowed		6		—		6
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		512,024		7,937		519,960
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		11,277		32,367		43,644
Equity method investments		—		924		924
Loans at amortized cost		120,163		358,051		478,214
Property and equipment		—		5,924		5,924
Goodwill and other intangible assets		—		7,561		7,561
Other assets		125,514		41,645		167,160
Assets for current tax		1,159		450		1,609
Total assets before deferred tax assets		969,658		464,472		1,434,130
Deferred tax assets						5,743
Total assets						1,439,873

Liability items as of December 31, 2025

		Amounts to be recovered or settled				Total
in € m.		within one year		after one year		Dec 31, 2025
Deposits		668,977		25,604		694,580
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements		3,507		670		4,177
Securities loaned		2		—		2
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		358,048		26,181		384,230
Other short-term borrowings		18,204		—		18,204
Other liabilities		131,448		6,214		137,662
Provisions		2,408		—		2,408
Liabilities for current tax		499		195		694
Long-term debt		22,175		92,579		114,754
Trust preferred securities		283		—		283
Total liabilities before deferred tax liabilities		1,205,550		151,444		1,356,993
Deferred tax liabilities						594
Total liabilities						1,357,588

339

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	39 — Current and non-current assets and liabilities

Asset items as of December 31, 2024

		Amounts to be recovered or settled				Total
in € m.		within one year		after one year		Dec 31, 2024
Cash and central bank balances		147,494		—		147,494
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		6,154		6		6,160
Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements		32,061		8,742		40,803
Securities borrowed		32		11		44
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		538,650		7,246		545,896
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		10,539		31,551		42,090
Equity method investments		—		1,028		1,028
Loans at amortized cost		131,164		352,733		483,897
Property and equipment		—		6,193		6,193
Goodwill and other intangible assets		—		7,749		7,749
Other assets		77,235		23,943		101,178
Assets for current tax		1,287		514		1,801
Total assets before deferred tax assets		944,616		439,715		1,384,331
Deferred tax assets						6,702
Total assets						1,391,033

Liability items as of December 31, 2024

		Amounts to be recovered or settled				Total
in € m.		within one year		after one year		Dec 31, 2024
Deposits		642,421		25,279		667,701
Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements		2,710		1,030		3,740
Securities loaned		2		—		2
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		393,378		19,032		412,409
Other short-term borrowings		9,895		—		9,895
Other liabilities		88,347		7,269		95,616
Provisions		3,326		—		3,326
Liabilities for current tax		492		228		720
Long-term debt		20,628		94,270		114,899
Trust preferred securities		287		—		287
Total liabilities before deferred tax liabilities		1,161,486		147,109		1,308,594
Deferred tax liabilities						574
Total liabilities						1,309,168

40 — Events after the reporting period

After the reporting date no material events occurred which had a significant impact on the bank’s results of operations,

financial position and net assets.

340

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	41 — Regulatory capital information

41 — Regulatory capital information

General definitions

The calculation of Deutsche Bank’s own funds incorporates the capital requirements following the “Regulation (EU) No

575/2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions” (CRR) and the “Directive 2013/36/EU on access to the

activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions” (CRD), which have been further

amended with subsequent Regulations and Directives. The CRD has been implemented into German law. The

information in this section as well as in the section “Development of risk-weighted assets” is based on the regulatory

principles of consolidation.

This section refers to the capital adequacy of the group of entities consolidated for banking regulatory purposes

pursuant to the CRR and the German Banking Act (“Kreditwesengesetz” or “KWG”), which does not include insurance

companies and companies outside the finance sector.

The total own funds pursuant to the effective regulations as of year-end 2025 comprises Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Tier 1

capital is subdivided into Common Equity Tier 1 capital and Additional Tier 1 capital.

CET 1 capital consists primarily of common share capital (net of own holdings) including related share premium

accounts, retained earnings (including losses for the financial year, if any) and accumulated other comprehensive income,

subject to prudential filters and regulatory adjustments as well as minority interests qualifying for inclusion in

consolidated CET 1 capital. Prudential filters for CET 1 capital, according to Articles 32 to 35 CRR, include securitization

gains on sale, cash flow hedges and changes in the value of own liabilities, and additional value adjustments. CET 1

capital regulatory adjustments for instance includes intangible assets (exceeding their prudential value), temporary

treatment of unrealized gains and losses measured at fair value through OCI in accordance with Article 468 CRR which

was discontinued in the fourth quarter of 2025, deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability, negative amounts

resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts, net defined benefit pension fund assets, reciprocal cross

holdings in the capital of financial sector entities and, significant and non-significant investments in the capital (CET 1,

AT1, Tier 2) of financial sector entities above certain thresholds. All items which are not deducted (i.e., amounts below

the threshold) are subject to risk-weighting.

Additional Tier 1 capital consists of AT1 capital instruments and related share premium accounts as well as

noncontrolling interests qualifying for inclusion in consolidated AT1 capital. To qualify as AT1 capital under CRR/CRD,

instruments must have principal loss absorption through a conversion to common shares or a write-down mechanism

allocating losses at a trigger point and must also meet further requirements such as perpetual with no incentive to

redeem and institution must have full dividend/coupon discretion at all times.

Tier 2 capital comprises eligible capital instruments, the related share premium accounts and subordinated long-term

debt, certain loan loss provisions and noncontrolling interests that qualify for inclusion in consolidated Tier 2 capital. To

qualify as Tier 2 capital, capital instruments or subordinated debt must have an original maturity of at least five years.

Moreover, eligible capital instruments may inter alia not contain an incentive to redeem, a right of investors to accelerate

repayment, or a credit sensitive dividend feature.

Capital instruments

The Management Board was authorized by the 2024 Annual General Meeting to buy, on or before April 30, 2029, shares

of up to 10% of the share capital at the time this resolution was taken or, if lower, of the share capital at the respective

time the authorization was exercised. As at the 2024 Annual General Meeting, this corresponded to a volume of up to

199.5 million shares. Thereof, a volume of up to 5% of the total share capital or 99.7 million shares can be purchased by

using derivatives, including derivatives with a volume of up to 2% of the total share capital with a maturity exceeding

18 months. During the period from the 2024 Annual General Meeting until the 2025 Annual General Meeting, 34.6 million

shares were purchased for equity compensation purposes in the same period or upcoming periods. Thereof, 21.3 million

shares were purchased by exercising call options. In addition, 22.7 million new call options were purchased for equity

compensation purposes in upcoming periods. Furthermore, 27.9 million shares were purchased for cancellation with the

purpose of distributing capital to shareholders in the same period. Thereof, 20.9 million shares were acquired as part of

the share buyback program of € 675 million in 2024 and were cancelled at the beginning of the year 2025; and

7.0 million shares were acquired as part of the share buyback program of € 750 million in 2025. The number of shares

held in Treasury amounted to 12.9 million as of the 2025 Annual General Meeting. Thereof, 7.0 million shares relate to

shares bought back for cancellation as part of the € 750 million share buyback program in 2025. The remaining volume of

5.9 million shares relates to shares to be used for equity compensation purposes in upcoming periods.

341

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	41 — Regulatory capital information

The Annual General Meeting on May 22, 2025 granted the Management Board the approval to buy, on or before April 30,

2030, shares of up to 10% of the share capital at the time of this resolution was taken or, if lower, of the share capital at

the respective time the authorization was exercised. As at the 2025 Annual General Meeting, this corresponded to

194.8 million shares. Thereof, a volume of up to 5% of the total share capital or 97.4 million shares can be purchased by

using derivatives, including derivatives with a volume of up to 2% of the total share capital with a maturity exceeding

18 months. These authorizations replaced the authorizations of the previous year. During the period from the 2025

Annual General Meeting until December 31, 2025, 4.6 million shares were purchased for equity compensation purposes

in upcoming periods and 30.6 million shares were purchased for cancellation with the purpose of distributing capital to

shareholders. Thereof, 22.3 million shares were purchased as part of the € 750 million share buyback program and

8.4 million shares were acquired as part of the € 250 million share buyback program. In December 2025, a total number

of 37.7 million shares were cancelled. The number of shares held in Treasury amounted to 7.7 million shares as of

December 31, 2025. The shares will be used for equity compensation purposes in upcoming periods.

Since the 2017 Annual General Meeting, renewed at the 2021 Annual General Meeting and valid until the 2025 Annual

General Meeting, authorized capital available to the Management Board was € 2,560 million (1,000 million shares). At the

2025 Annual General Meeting this authorized capital was replaced by a new authorized capital of € 2,493 million

(973.8 million shares). As of December 31, 2025 this authorization has not been utilized and authorized capital remains at

€ 2,493 million.

Since the 2022 Annual General Meeting and until the 2025 Annual General Meeting, the Management Board was

authorized to issue participatory notes and other hybrid debt securities that fulfill the regulatory requirements to qualify

as Additional Tier 1 capital with an equivalent value of € 9 billion. In this period Deutsche Bank issued € 5.75 billion new

AT1 notes, thereof € 1.5 billion in March 2025. Since the 2025 Annual General Meeting the Management Board is

authorized to issue participatory notes and other hybrid debt securities that fulfill the regulatory requirements to qualify

as Additional Tier 1 capital with an equivalent value of € 12 billion on or before April 30, 2030. Under this authorization as

of December 31, 2025 Deutsche Bank issued € 1.0 billion new AT1 notes.

Based on the current CRR, the amount recognized as regulatory AT1 capital amounted to € 11.5 billion. The

corresponding nominal amount of outstanding AT1 instruments was € 11.7 billion as of December 31, 2025. In 2025, AT1

instruments with a nominal value of € 2.4 billion were called. The bank issued new AT1 notes with a nominal amount of

€ 2.5 billion in 2025.

As of December 31, 2025, the amount recognized as regulatory Tier 2 amounted capital to € 7.1 billion. The

corresponding nominal amount of outstanding Tier 2 instruments was € 8.3 billion as of December 31, 2025. In 2025,

Tier 2 instruments with a nominal value of € 2.8 billion matured and € 0.1 billion became ineligible. There were no new

issuances of Tier 2 instruments in 2025.

Prudential requirements and additional buffers

Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in supervisory measures such as restrictions of profit

distributions or limitations on certain businesses such as lending. Deutsche Bank complied with the minimum regulatory

capital adequacy requirements in 2025.

342

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	41 — Regulatory capital information

Details on regulatory capital

Own Funds Template (incl. RWA and capital ratios)

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital: instruments and reserves
Capital instruments, related share premium accounts and other reserves		42,983		44,130
Retained earnings		21,149		19,978
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(4,159)		(1,229)
Independently reviewed interim profits net of any foreseeable charge or dividend1		3,347		801
Other		917		1,020
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital before regulatory adjustments		64,237		64,700
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital: regulatory adjustments
Additional value adjustments (negative amount)		(1,667)		(1,680)
Other prudential filters (other than additional value adjustments)		296		95
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(5,045)		(5,277)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability excluding those arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liabilities where the conditions in Art. 38 (3) CRR are met) (negative amount)		(2,533)		(3,463)
Negative amounts resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts		(2,579)		(3,037)
Defined benefit pension fund assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(1,135)		(1,173)
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by an institution of own CET 1 instruments (negative amount)		—		—
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by the institution of the CET 1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities (amount above the 10%/15% thresholds and net of eligible short positions) (negative amount)		—		—
Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences (net of related tax liabilities where the conditions in Art. 38 (3) CRR are met) (amount above the 10%/15% thresholds) (negative amount)		—		—
Regulatory adjustments relating to unrealized gains and losses pursuant to Art. 468 CRR		—		1,012
Other regulatory adjustments2		(2,309)		(1,721)
Total regulatory adjustments to Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital		(14,971)		(15,244)
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital		49,266		49,457
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital: instruments
Capital instruments and the related share premium accounts		11,648		11,508
Amount of qualifying items referred to in Art. 484 (4) CRR and the related share premium accounts subject to phase out from AT1				—
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital before regulatory adjustments		11,648		11,508
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital: regulatory adjustments
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by an institution of own AT1 instruments (negative amount)		(130)		(130)
Residual amounts deducted from AT1 capital with regard to deduction from CET 1 capital during the transitional period pursuant to Art. 472 CRR
Other regulatory adjustments		—		—
Total regulatory adjustments to Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital		(130)		(130)
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital		11,518		11,378
Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET 1 + AT1)		60,784		60,835
Tier 2 (T2) capital		7,050		7,676
Total capital (TC = T1 + T2)		67,834		68,511
Total risk-weighted assets		347,133		357,427
Capital ratios
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		14.2		13.8
Tier 1 capital ratio (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		17.5		17.0
Total capital ratio (as a percentage of risk-weighted assets)		19.5		19.2

1Full year profit is recognized as per ECB Decision (EU) 2015/656 in accordance with the Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (ECB/2015/4); current year profits

of € 6.9 billion reduced by deductions for future shareholder distribution of € 3.1 billion and AT1 coupons of € 0.5 billion

2Includes capital deductions of € 1.4 billion (December 31, 2024: € 1.4 billion) based on ECB guidance on irrevocable payment commitments related to the Single

Resolution Fund and the Deposit Guarantee Scheme, € 0.7 billion (December 31, 2024: € 0.3 billion) based on ECB's supervisory recommendation for a prudential

provisioning of non-performing exposures

343

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	41 — Regulatory capital information

Reconciliation of shareholders’ equity to Own Funds

		CRR/CRD
in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Total shareholders’ equity per accounting balance sheet (IASB IFRS)		69,015		68,709
Difference between equity per IASB IFRS/EU IFRS³		(2,082)		(2,433)
Total shareholders’ equity per accounting balance sheet (EU IFRS)		66,933		66,276
Deconsolidation/Consolidation of entities		(24)		(24)
Of which:
Additional paid-in capital		—		—
Retained earnings		(16)		(24)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(9)		—
Total shareholders' equity per regulatory balance sheet		66,909		66,252
Minority Interests (amount allowed in consolidated CET 1)		917		1,020
AT1 coupon and shareholder distribution deduction1		(3,585)		(2,565)
Capital instruments not eligible under CET 1 as per CRR 28(1)		(4)		(7)
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) capital before regulatory adjustments		64,237		64,700
Prudential filters		(1,371)		(1,585)
Of which:
Additional value adjustments		(1,667)		(1,680)
Any increase in equity that results from securitized assets		—		—
Fair value reserves related to gains or losses on cash flow hedges and gains or losses on liabilities designated at fair value resulting from changes in own credit standing		296		95
Regulatory adjustments		(13,600)		(13,659)
Of which:
Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(5,045)		(5,277)
Deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability		(2,533)		(3,463)
Negative amounts resulting from the calculation of expected loss amounts		(2,579)		(3,037)
Defined benefit pension fund assets (net of related tax liabilities) (negative amount)		(1,135)		(1,173)
Direct, indirect and synthetic holdings by the institution of the CET 1 instruments of financial sector entities where the institution has a significant investment in those entities		—		—
Securitization positions not included in risk-weighted assets		—		—
Collective Investment Undertakings (CIU) not included in risk-weighted assets		(214)		—
Regulatory adjustments relating to unrealized gains and losses pursuant to Art. 468 CRR		—		1,012
Others2		(2,094)		(1,721)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital		49,266		49,457

1Full year profit is recognized as per ECB Decision (EU) 2015/656 in accordance with the Article 26(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (ECB/2015/4); current year

deductions include deductions for distribution to shareholders of € 3.1 billion and AT1 coupons of € 0.5 billion

2 Includes capital deductions of € 1.4 billion (December 31, 2024: € 1.4 billion) based on ECB guidance on irrevocable payment commitments related to the Single

Resolution Fund and the Deposit Guarantee Scheme, € 0.7 billion (December 31, 2024: € 0.3 billion) based on ECB’s supervisory recommendation for a prudential

provisioning of non-performing exposures

3Differences in “equity per balance sheet” result entirely from deviations in profit (loss) after taxes due to the application of EU carve-out rules as set forth in Note 01

"Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates". These rules were initially applied in the first quarter 2020.

344

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	41 — Regulatory capital information

Capital management

Deutsche Bank’s Treasury function manages solvency, capital adequacy, leverage, and bail-in capacity ratios at Group

level and locally in each region, as applicable. Treasury implements Deutsche Bank’s capital strategy, which itself is

developed by the Group Risk Committee and approved by the Management Board. Treasury, directly or through the

Group Asset and Liability Committee (ALCO), manages, among other things, issuance and repurchase of shares and

capital instruments, hedging of capital ratios against foreign exchange swings, the design of shareholders’ equity

allocation, and regional capital planning. The Group ALCO discusses and endorses divisional capacities for key financial

resources for approval to the Group Risk Committee where then quarterly resource limits are approved, The bank is fully

committed to maintaining Deutsche Bank’s sound capitalization both from an economic and regulatory perspective

considering both book equity based on IFRS accounting standards, regulatory and economic capital as well as specific

capital requirements from rating agencies. The bank continuously monitors and adjusts Deutsche Bank’s overall capital

demand and supply to always achieve an appropriate balance.

Treasury manages the issuance and repurchase of capital instruments, namely Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1

and Tier 2 capital instruments as well as TLAC/MREL eligible debt instruments. Treasury constantly monitors the market

for liability management trades. Such trades represent a countercyclical opportunity to create Common Equity Tier 1

capital by buying back Deutsche Bank’s issuances below par.

Treasury manages the sensitivity of Deutsche Bank’s CET 1 ratio and capital towards swings in foreign currency exchange

rates against the euro. For this purpose, Treasury develops and executes suitable hedging strategies within the

constraints of a Management Board approved Risk Appetite. Capital invested into Deutsche Bank’s foreign subsidiaries

and branches is either not hedged, partially hedged or fully hedged. Thereby, Treasury aims to balance effects from

foreign exchange rate movements on capital, capital deduction items and risk weighted assets in foreign currency. In

addition, Treasury also accounts for associated hedge cost and implications on market risk weighted assets.

Resource limit setting

Usage of key financial resources is influenced through the following governance processes and incentives.

Target resource capacities are reviewed in Deutsche Bank’s annual strategic plan in line with Deutsche Bank’s CET 1 and

Leverage Ratio ambitions. As a part of Deutsche Bank’s quarterly process, the Group Asset and Liability Committee

approves divisional resource limits for total capital demand (defined as the sum of RWA and certain RWA equivalents of

Capital Deduction Items and certain RWA equivalents of Capital Buffer Requirements items) and leverage exposure that

are based on the strategic plan but adjusted for market conditions and the short-term outlook. Limits are enforced

through a close monitoring process and an excess charging mechanism.

Overall regulatory capital requirements are principally driven by either Deutsche Bank’s CET 1 ratio (solvency) or

leverage ratio (leverage) requirements, whichever is the more binding constraint. For the internal capital allocation, the

combined contribution of each segment to the Group’s Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, the Group’s Leverage ratio and the

Group’s Capital Loss under Stress are weighted to reflect their relative importance and level of constraint to the Group.

Contributions to the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio and the Leverage ratio are measured through RWA and Leverage Ratio

Exposure (LRE). The Group’s Capital Loss under Stress is a measure of the Group’s overall economic risk exposure under a

defined stress scenario. Goodwill, other intangible assets, and business-related regulatory capital deduction items

included in total capital demand are directly allocated to the respective segments, supporting the calculation of the

allocated tangible shareholders equity and the respective rate of return.

Most of Deutsche Bank’s subsidiaries and several of Deutsche Bank’s branches are subject to legal and regulatory capital

requirements. In developing, implementing, and testing Deutsche Bank’s capital and liquidity position, the bank fully

takes such legal and regulatory requirements into account. Any material capital requests of Deutsche Bank’s branches

and subsidiaries across the globe are presented to and approved by the Group Investment Committee prior to execution.

Further, Treasury is a member of Deutsche Bank’s Pensions Committee and represented in relevant Investment

Committees overseeing the management of the assets of the largest Deutsche Bank pension funds in Germany. These

investment committees set the investment strategy for these funds in line with the bank’s investment objective to

protect the capital base and distribution capacity of the bank.

345

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	42 – Condensed Deutsche Bank AG (parent company only) financial information

42 – Condensed Deutsche Bank AG (parent company only)

financial information

Condensed statement of income

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Interest income, excluding dividends from subsidiaries		39,442		42,684		38,205
Dividends received from subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		651		446		516
Nonbank subsidiaries		1,645		1,677		2,255
Interest expense		28,415		32,068		26,260
Net interest and dividend income		13,323		12,740		14,715
Provision for credit losses		1,525		1,359		1,158
Net interest and dividend income after provision for credit losses		11,798		11,381		13,557
Noninterest income:
Commissions and fee income		5,304		5,114		4,513
Net gains (losses) on financial assets/liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		3,684		4,736		4,681
Other income (loss)1		2,296		1,939		(412)
Total noninterest income		11,284		11,789		8,782
Noninterest expenses:
Compensation and benefits		6,263		6,271		5,896
General and administrative expenses		5,871		7,461		6,540
Services provided by (to) affiliates, net		2,177		2,486		2,540
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		216		—		—
Total noninterest expenses		14,527		16,218		14,976
Income (loss) before income taxes		8,555		6,951		7,363
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,117		1,307		906
Net income (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		7,438		5,644		6,457

1Includes net gains (losses) on financial assets mandatory at fair value through other comprehensive income as well as impairments and write-ups on investments in

subsidiaries.

Condensed statement of comprehensive income

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Net income (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		7,438		5,644		6,457
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(2,273)		197		(143)
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		5,165		5,841		6,314

346

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	42 – Condensed Deutsche Bank AG (parent company only) financial information

Condensed balance sheet

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Assets:
Cash and central bank balances:		134,099		117,769
Interbank balances (w/o central banks):
Bank subsidiaries		17,850		24,335
Other		8,567		5,298
Central bank funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements, securities borrowed:
Bank subsidiaries		—		—
Nonbank subsidiaries		9,295		9,340
Other		37,424		40,835
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
Bank subsidiaries		1,935		2,049
Nonbank subsidiaries		3,410		2,203
Other		457,523		480,479
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		69,543		68,423
Investments in associates		286		285
Investment in subsidiaries:
Bank subsidiaries		7,625		6,830
Nonbank subsidiaries		26,527		26,311
Loans:
Bank subsidiaries		45,311		45,569
Nonbank subsidiaries		36,208		36,467
Other		350,513		353,037
Other assets:
Bank subsidiaries		2,406		2,727
Nonbank subsidiaries		13,103		10,947
Other		124,113		100,273
Total assets		1,345,738		1,333,177
Liabilities and equity:
Deposits:
Bank subsidiaries		29,303		28,657
Nonbank subsidiaries		14,750		14,197
Other		594,883		568,530
Central bank funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned:
Bank subsidiaries		591		1,298
Nonbank subsidiaries		25,404		28,881
Other		4,077		3,718
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:
Bank subsidiaries		2,795		3,038
Nonbank subsidiaries		2,471		1,329
Other		335,286		359,961
Other short-term borrowings:
Bank subsidiaries		38		586
Nonbank subsidiaries		801		684
Other		17,984		9,681
Other liabilities:
Bank subsidiaries		1,609		1,624
Nonbank subsidiaries		7,455		6,282
Other		83,806		82,547
Long-term debt		154,647		154,437
Total liabilities		1,275,900		1,265,448
Total shareholders’ equity		58,130		56,179
Additional equity components		11,708		11,550
Total equity		69,838		67,729
Total liabilities and equity		1,345,738		1,333,177

347

Deutsche Bank	Additional Notes
Annual Report 2025	42 – Condensed Deutsche Bank AG (parent company only) financial information

Condensed statement of cash flows

in € m.		2025		2024		2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		43,482		(29,917)		5,231
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from:
Sale of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		10,215		17,261		14,245
Maturities of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		14,709		14,788		13,769
Sale of debt securities held to collect at amortized cost		—		20		—
Maturities of debt securities held to collect at amortized cost		3,426		6,435		6,702
Sale of equity method investments		—		—		20
Sale of property and equipment		4		17		28
Purchase of:
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income		(28,744)		(35,559)		(32,017)
Debt Securities held to collect at amortized cost		(22,951)		(5,110)		(3,920)
Investments in associates		(5)		(57)		(60)
Property and equipment		(298)		(377)		(327)
Net change in investments in subsidiaries		(531)		(495)		(35)
Other, net		(1,382)		(1,303)		(1,199)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(25,557)		(4,379)		(2,794)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuances of subordinated long-term debt		19		3		1,396
Repayments and extinguishments of subordinated long-term debt		(2,699)		(114)		(1,407)
Principal portion of lease payments		(363)		(413)		(395)
Common shares issued		—		—		—
Purchases of treasury shares		(1,618)		(1,126)		(857)
Sale of treasury shares		—		—		395
Additional Equity Components (AT1) issued		2,500		3,000		—
Additional Equity Components (AT1) repaid		(2,360)		—		—
Purchases of Additional Equity Components (AT1)		(3,063)		(3,341)		(356)
Sale of Additional Equity Components (AT1)		3,071		3,316		415
Coupon on additional equity components, pre tax		(761)		(574)		(498)
Cash dividends paid to Deutsche Bank shareholders		(1,315)		(883)		(610)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(6,589)		(131)		(1,918)
Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(4,109)		1,967		(791)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		7,228		(32,460)		(273)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		104,608		137,068		137,341
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		111,836		104,608		137,068
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities include
Income taxes paid (received), net		25		738		196
Interest paid		28,553		31,629		24,360
Interest received		39,533		41,863		38,161
Dividends received		2,186		2,754		2,053
Cash and cash equivalents comprise
Cash and central bank balances (not included Interest-earning time deposits with central banks)		104,817		98,417		132,547
Interbank balances (w/o central banks)		7,018		6,191		4,521
Total		111,836		104,608		137,068

 

Parent company’s long-term debt by earliest contractual maturity

in € m.		Due in 2026		Due in 2027		Due in 2028		Due in 2029		Due in 2030		Due after 2030		Total Dec 31, 2025		Total Dec 31, 2024
Senior debt:
Bonds and notes:
Fixed rate		13,565		12,269		13,269		10,378		8,854		9,150		67,485		70,482
Floating rate		2,508		2,817		517		1,050		1,918		3,471		12,281		11,196
Other		3,797		2,713		2,454		2,075		1,382		53,333		65,754		59,940
Subordinated debt
Bonds and notes:
Fixed rate		2,024		2,363		—		—		424		3,401		8,212		12,234
Floating rate		—		—		—		—		—		230		230		500
Other		642		20		—		—		23		—		685		85
Total long-term debt		22,536		20,182		16,240		13,503		12,601		69,585		154,647		154,437

348

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting

Firm

To the Shareholders and the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (“the Company”)

as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in

equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, the related notes and the

specific disclosures described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements as being part of the financial

statements (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial

statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024,

and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in

conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United

States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria

established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the

Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated March 9, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an

opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the

PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities

laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and

perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material

misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material

misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to

those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the

financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made

by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits

provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial

statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to

accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging,

subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on

the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters

below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

349

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Valuation of level 3 financial instruments with related inputs not quoted in active markets
Description of the Matter		Management uses valuation techniques to establish the fair value of Level 3 financial instruments with related inputs not quoted in active markets. The Group held Level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value of EUR 25,697 million and EUR 11,547 million respectively as of December 31, 2025. The relevant financial instruments are reported within financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. Information on the valuation techniques, models and methodologies used in the measurement of fair value is provided in notes 1 and 13 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Financial instruments with related inputs that are not quoted in active markets include structured derivatives valued using complex models; more-complex or illiquid OTC derivatives; distressed debt; highly-structured bonds; illiquid loans; credit spreads used to determine valuation adjustments; and other significant inputs which cannot be observed for financial instruments with longer-dated maturities. Auditing the valuation of Level 3 financial instruments with related inputs not quoted in active markets was complex due to the valuation techniques and models being utilized and the unobservability of the significant inputs used.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit		We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the controls over management’s processes to determine the fair value of financial instruments and significant unobservable inputs therein. This includes controls relating to independent price verification; independent validation of valuation models, including assessment of model limitations; monitoring valuation model usage; and calculation of fair value adjustments. We evaluated the valuation techniques, models and methodologies, and tested the significant inputs used in those models. We performed an independent revaluation of a sample of derivatives and other financial instruments at fair value that are not quoted in active markets, using independent models and inputs. We also independently assessed the reasonableness of a sample of proxy inputs used by comparing them to market data sources and evaluated their relevance to the related financial instruments. In addition, we evaluated the methodology and inputs used by management in determining fair value adjustments against the requirements of IFRS 13 and performed recalculations for a sample of these valuation adjustments using our own independent data and methodology. We involved internal financial instruments valuation specialists in the procedures related to valuation models, independent revaluation and fair value adjustments.

350

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Inclusion of forward-looking information in the model-based calculation of expected credit losses
Description of the Matter		As of December 31, 2025, the Group recognized an allowance for credit losses of EUR 6,597 million, with EUR 1,537 million relating to Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances. Information on the inclusion of forward-looking information into the model-based calculation of expected credit losses and their adjustments for Stages 1 and 2 is provided in notes 1 and 19 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The estimated probabilities of default (PD) used in the model-based calculation of expected credit losses on non-defaulted financial instruments (IFRS 9 Stage 1 and Stage 2) are based on historical information, combined with current economic developments and forward-looking macroeconomic forecasts (e.g., gross domestic product and unemployment rates). Statistical techniques are used to transform the base scenario for future macroeconomic developments into multiple scenarios. These scenarios are the basis for deriving multi-year PD curves for different rating and counterparty classes, which are used in the calculation of expected credit losses. Given the economic uncertainties regarding pronounced movements in interest rates, current geopolitical conflicts and other sources of volatility impacting macroeconomic variables, the estimation of forward-looking information requires significant judgment. To reflect these uncertainties, management must assess whether to make adjustments to its standard process for inclusion of macroeconomic variables into the expected credit loss model and forecasting methods, either by adjusting the macroeconomic variables or through the inclusion of management overlays. Auditing the forward-looking information, included in the model-based calculation of expected credit losses, and any adjustment thereof, was complex due to the economic uncertainty and significant use of judgment.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit		We obtained an understanding of the processes implemented by management, assessed the design of the controls over the selection, determination, monitoring and validation of forward- looking information in respect of the requirements under IFRS 9, and tested their operating effectiveness. We evaluated management’s review of its expected credit loss model, forecasting methods, assumptions and inputs conducted through the model validation process. Furthermore, we evaluated the methods used to include the selected variables in the baseline scenario and the derivation of the multiple scenarios. We assessed the baseline macroeconomic forecasts by comparing them with macroeconomic forecasts published by external sources. We also evaluated the methodology applied by management to determine whether to adjust its standard process for inclusion of macroeconomic variables or to adjust the model results through management overlays. In doing so, we assessed the results of management’s sensitivity analysis and compared the macroeconomic variables used to our own benchmark analysis. We also assessed that the adjustments were included in the calculation of expected credit losses according to management’s methodology. To assess the inclusion of forward-looking information in the model-based calculation of expected credit losses, we involved internal credit risk modeling specialists.

351

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Expected credit losses for defaulted US commercial real estate loans
Description of the Matter		As of December 31, 2025, the Group recognized loan exposures of EUR 30.6 billion relating to non-recourse commercial real estate loans business with corresponding allowances of EUR 1.1 billion. Information on the Group’s commercial real estate loans business is included in note 19 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements as well as the section titled “Commercial Real Estate” within chapter “Credit Risk Exposure” (Focus Areas in 2025) of the Risk Report (combined management report), which is an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Identifying defaults and calculating the expected credit losses for defaulted loan exposures involves various assumptions and estimation of inputs, particularly regarding the ability of the borrower to repay the obligation, expectations of future cash flows, including expected proceeds from the realization of collateral. Auditing expected credit losses (ECL) for defaulted commercial real estate loans was complex due to the economic uncertainty and significant use of judgment, in particular for commercial real estate located in the US.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit		We obtained an understanding of the processes for identifying and calculating expected credit losses for borrowers in the US commercial real estate loans business. We assessed the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to credit risk rating, the application of default criteria and transfer to Stage 3 in accordance with IFRS 9 and the calculation of the expected credit loss. We evaluated the criteria used by management to determine defaulted loans in accordance with IFRS 9. For a sample of US commercial real estate loans, we analyzed the application of default criteria used for ECL-staging. For loans classified as Stage 3 we assessed the significant assumptions concerning the estimated future cash flows from the loan exposures by assessing the collateral value, the solvency of the borrower and the publicly available market and industry forecasts. We searched for and evaluated information that corroborates or contradicts management’s forecasted assumptions. We also tested the arithmetical accuracy of the expected credit loss calculated for defaulted exposures. We involved internal specialists to assess the valuation of US commercial real estate collateral on a sample basis.

352

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Impairment testing of goodwill for the Asset Management cash-generating unit
Description of the Matter		As of December 31, 2025, the Group reported goodwill of EUR 2,735 million that was exclusively allocated to its Asset Management cash-generating unit (CGU). Information on the impairment testing of goodwill is provided in notes 1 and 23 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. For purposes of the impairment test, the recoverable amount of the Asset Management CGU is calculated using the discounted cash flow model. In this context, significant assumptions are made regarding the earnings projections and the input parameters of the Capital Asset Pricing Model from which the discount rate is derived. Auditing the impairment testing of goodwill for the Asset Management CGU involved a high degree of judgment due to the earnings projections and discount rate contained in the discounted cash flow model.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit		We obtained an understanding of the process for preparing the earnings projections and calculating the recoverable amount of the Asset Management CGU. In this respect, we also obtained an understanding of management’s controls regarding the earnings projections and the discount rate, assessed the design of such controls and tested their operating effectiveness. We analyzed changes in assumptions made to the earnings projections  compared with the prior year. We compared the earnings projections with the prior fiscal year’s projections and with the actual results achieved and evaluated any significant deviations. We assessed the consistency and reasonableness of management’s assumptions made regarding the earnings projections by comparing them with external market expectations. Furthermore, we assessed the discount rate by comparing it to a range of externally available data. To assess the above assumptions made in the recoverability of the Asset Management CGU, we involved internal business valuation specialists.

353

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets
Description of the Matter		As of December 31, 2025, the Group reported net deferred tax assets of EUR 5,149 million. Information on the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets is provided in notes 1 and 34 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets is based on the estimation of the ability to utilize unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences against potential future taxable income. This estimate is based, among others, on assumptions regarding forecasted operating results based upon the approved business plan. Auditing the deferred tax assets was complex because of the use of judgment in estimation of future taxable income and the ability to use tax losses.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit		We obtained an understanding of the process to determine whether deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses are identified in different jurisdictions and measured in accordance with the provisions of tax law and rules for accounting for deferred taxes under IAS 12, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the related controls. We tested the assumptions used to develop and allocate elements of the approved business plan as a basis for estimating the future taxable income of the relevant group companies and tax groups. Furthermore, we evaluated the recognition of deferred tax assets by analyzing the key assumptions made in estimating future taxable income. We assessed the estimates made in the forecasted operating results by comparing the underlying key assumptions with historical and prospective data available externally. We compared the historical forecasts with the actual results. In addition, we assessed the estimated tax adjustments and we performed sensitivity analyses on the utilization periods of the respective deferred tax assets. To assess the assumptions used in the recoverability of the deferred taxes, we involved our tax professionals and internal business valuation specialists.

354

Deutsche Bank	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Annual Report 2025

Provisions and contingent liabilities for civil litigation and regulatory enforcement
Description of the Matter		As of December 31, 2025, the Group’s provisions for civil litigation and regulatory enforcement were EUR 1.3 billion and contingent liabilities were EUR 0.9 billion. Information on Provisions for civil litigation and regulatory enforcement is provided in notes 1 and 27 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The Group operates in a legal and regulatory environment that exposes it to significant litigation risks. The estimates for recognition and measurement of provisions or disclosure of contingent liabilities are based upon currently available information and a variety of assumptions and variables. Significant judgment is required in assessing probability and estimating the amount of an outflow of economic resources given the inherent uncertainties that exist in civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters. Auditing the provisions and contingent liabilities for selected civil litigation and regulatory enforcement matters was complex due to the significant subjectivity involved in management’s estimate of the probability and amount of outflow of economic resources.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit		We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the process for recognizing and measuring provisions and disclosing contingent liabilities for civil litigation and regulatory enforcement. For a sample of relevant matters, we evaluated management’s assessment of the probability and amount of economic outflow, including the assumptions and variables considered for each respective matter. These procedures included inspecting internal and external legal analyses detailing the judgmental aspects subject to legal interpretation. We also read minutes of key management committee meetings (including the Management Board) as well as related correspondence, such as court proceedings, settlement agreements, regulatory inquiries and investigation reports. We obtained correspondence directly from external legal counsel to assess the information provided by management and performed inquiries with external counsel as necessary. We involved internal valuation specialists to assess the methodology of relevant matters on which the provision amounts were determined as well as internal legal specialists to assess for applicable matters the probability of an outflow and the amount of provision recognized.

/s/ EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

Eschborn/Frankfurt am Main, Germany

March 9, 2026

355

Deutsche Bank	Compensation Report
Annual Report 2025

3-Compensation Report

356	Introduction
356	Compensation Report for the Management Board and the Supervisory Board
356	Employee Compensation Report
357	Compensation of the Management Board
	Executive Summary	357
	Responsibility and procedures for setting and reviewing Management Board compensation	361
	Guiding principle: Alignment of Management Board compensation to corporate strategy	362
	Structure of the Management Board compensation system aligned with compensation principles	362
	Compensation components and structure	364
	Compensation caps	364
	Deferrals and holding periods	365
367	Application of the compensation system in the financial year
	Target and maximum amounts of base salary and variable compensation	367
	Short-Term Incentive (STI) 2025	368
	Long-Term Incentive (LTI) 2025	374
	Benefits upon contract termination	377
	Deviations from the compensation system	377
378	Management Board compensation 2025
	Current Management Board members	378
	Former members of the Management Board	382
383	Outlook for the 2026 financial year
	Total target compensation and maximum compensation	383
	2026 objective structure and targets	383
385	Compensation of Supervisory Board members
	Supervisory Board Compensation for the 2025 and 2024 financial years	386
388	Comparative presentation of compensation and earnings trends
391	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
	Regulatory environment	391
	Compensation governance	392
	Compensation and Benefits Strategy	394
	Group Compensation Framework	395
	Employee groups with specific compensation structures	396
	Determination of performance-based Variable Compensation	397
	Variable Compensation structure	398
	Ex-post risk adjustment of Variable Compensation	399
	Compensation decisions for 2025	400
	Material Risk Taker compensation disclosure	402

 

356

Deutsche Bank	Introduction
Annual Report  2025

Introduction

The Compensation Report for the year 2025 provides detailed information on compensation in Deutsche Bank Group.

The information presented in this document is based on IFRS as issued by the IASB (IASB IFRS), whereas Deutsche Bank’s

financial targets and capital objectives are based on financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the

IASB and endorsed by the EU (EU IFRS). The IASB IFRS financial results may materially differ from the EU-IFRS results as

Deutsche Bank applies hedge accounting under the EU carve-out. Therefore, the IASB IFRS financial results are not a

basis for measuring the bank’s financial performance and progress towards its financial targets or capital objectives and

are not discussed below. For additional details, please refer to “Note 01 – Material Accounting Policies and Critical

Accounting Estimates – EU carve-out” to the consolidated financial statements.

Compensation Report for the Management Board and the

Supervisory Board

The Compensation Report for the 2025 financial year was prepared jointly by the Management Board and the

Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (hereinafter: Deutsche Bank AG or the bank).

The Compensation Report fulfils the current legal and regulatory requirements, in particular of Section 162 of the

German Stock Corporation Act and the Remuneration Ordinance for Institutions (Institutsvergütungsverordnung) and

takes into account the recommendations set out in the German Corporate Governance Code. It is also in compliance with

the applicable requirements of the accounting rules for capital market-oriented companies (German Commercial Code,

International Financial Reporting Standards) as well as the guidelines issued by the working group “Guidelines for

Sustainable Management Board Remuneration Systems”.

Employee Compensation Report

This part of the compensation report discloses information with regard to the compensation system and structure that

applies to the employees in Deutsche Bank Group. The report provides details on the Group Compensation Framework,

and it outlines the decisions on variable compensation for 2025. Furthermore, this part contains quantitative disclosures

specific to employees identified as Material Risk Takers (`MRT´s) in accordance with the Remuneration Ordinance for

Institutions.

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Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Executive Summary

Compensation of the Management Board

Executive Summary

Deutsche Bank continued its transformation and further advanced its strategic priorities in 2025 despite a challenging

market environment. Building on progress made in 2024 under the “Global Hausbank” strategy, the bank strengthened

earnings capacity, operational efficiency, and capital discipline.

By the end of 2025, the bank had met or surpassed its key financial targets and capital objectives, measured on the

financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and endorsed by the EU (EU IFRS), which

represents the basis for the Supervisory Board determining the Management Board’s variable compensation.

Deutsche Bank’s financial and regulatory targets are based on the financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as

issued by the IASB and endorsed by the EU. The IASB IFRS financial results may materially differ from the EU-IFRS results

as Deutsche Bank applies hedge accounting under the EU carve-out. Therefore, the IASB IFRS financial results are not a

basis for measuring the bank’s financial performance and progress towards its financial targets or capital objectives and

are not discussed below. For additional details, please refer to “Note 01 – Material Accounting Policies and Critical

Accounting Estimates – EU carve-out” to the consolidated financial statements.

Compensation Report 2024

The Compensation Report 2024 for members of the Management Board and Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank as

published on March 13, 2025, was submitted to the General Meeting on May 22, 2025, for approval in accordance with

Section 120a (4) of the German Stock Corporation Act. The General Meeting approved the Compensation Report with a

majority of 96.08%.

Compensation Decisions in 2025

All compensation decisions are subject to the boundaries of multiple regulatory requirements. In this regard,

Management Board compensation and the pay-out schedules of variable compensation components are limited in

several ways. Due to the requirements of Section 25a (5) of the German Banking Act and in accordance with the decision

of the General Meeting in May 2014, the ratio of fixed to variable compensation is generally limited to 1:2 (cap rule). In

order to be in the position to offer competitive compensation in banking and to be successful in attracting and retaining

the best leaders for the bank, the fixed compensation of Deutsche Bank Management Board members therefore tends to

be higher relative to other DAX companies that are not subject to banking-specific regulation and that have variable

compensation that can be a higher multiple of fixed pay.

The Supervisory Board reviews the compensation levels of the members of the Management Board annually and

regularly engages external compensation advisors to support the review and obtain information on market practice,

while assuring that these advisors are independent from the Management Board and Deutsche Bank. The Supervisory

Board considers the international environment in which Deutsche Bank’s Management Board members need to operate

as crucial. Therefore, universal and investment banks are seen as the most relevant peer group. Thus, target

compensation levels need to be aligned with top performers in this market in order to find suitable candidates.

358

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Executive Summary

The Supervisory Board carefully considers stakeholders’ views when making compensation decisions. Several

extraordinary aspects are also taken into account. Deutsche Bank Management Board members often have complex

profiles, with dual or multiple responsibilities that are essential for ongoing business success, such as market access and

broad experience. Regulatory requirements mean that fixed base salaries at Deutsche Bank must be higher than those at

many global banks, since variable compensation carries a higher risk profile due to its long-term focus, strict link to share

price performance, and multi-year payout scheme. Additionally, only a few international banks have explicit target

compensation structures, so market benchmarks are based on actual compensation levels. Ensuring the retention of

existing Management Board members is also a key consideration. Taking all these aspects into account the Supervisory

Board made the following compensation decisions in 2025:

Within the framework of the annual review of Management Board compensation levels, newer market data showed a

higher compensation level for Laura Padovani’s area of functional responsibility on the Management Board for

Compliance and Anti-Financial Crime (AFC). Her role has been benchmarked against Deutsche Bank’s Global and

European peer groups. As a result, the Supervisory Board decided on an appropriate increase for the year 2025, within an

internationally comparable range, to an overall target compensation of € 3,740,000 p.a., (thereof € 2,200,000 fixed pay)

which represents an increase of 25.7% (increase of fixed pay: 25.7%). The total target compensation for Laura Padovani

has been set between the median and the 75th percentile of the relevant market benchmarks, a placement that the

Supervisory Board determined to be appropriate given her performance and responsibilities. In particular, Laura Padovani

has already demonstrated over the first half-year of her term of office above average progress in the bank in her area of

responsibility.

Dr. Marcus Chromik was appointed member of the Management Board with effect from May 1, 2025, for a period of three

years. He stepped into the role of the Chief Risk Officer previously held by Olivier Vigneron, who left the Management

Board on May 19, 2025. The total target compensation for Dr. Marcus Chromik was set at € 4,080,000 p.a. (thereof

€ 2,400,000 fixed pay).

Compensation System

The compensation system for members of the Management Board was amended by the Supervisory Board with effect

from January 1, 2024. It was submitted to the General Meeting on May 16, 2024, for approval in accordance with Section

120a (1) of the German Stock Corporation Act. The General Meeting approved the compensation system with a majority

of 97.32%.

The following chart gives an overview of the compensation system, displaying the Short-Term Incentive (STI) and Long-

Term Incentive (LTI) metrics with their respective weightings as well as the payout scheme and additional provisions:

359

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Executive Summary

360

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Executive Summary

Overview Compensation Year 2025

The compensation system stipulates that the Short-Term Incentive is determined after one year, while the Long-Term

Incentive is only determined after an assessment period of three years. In the first two years after introduction

(“transitional phase”), it is only possible to report on the achievement levels for the short-term objectives. The chart

below shows an overview of the range of Management Board members’ achievements, highlighting the results of the

Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). During this “transitional phase”, the overview includes a

column titled “Pro Forma Total Compensation” which shows the sum of base salary, actual STI and a target value for the

LTI.

361

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Principles governing the determination of compensation

Principles governing the determination of compensation

Responsibility and procedures for setting and reviewing Management Board

compensation

The Supervisory Board is responsible for the decisions on the design of the compensation system as well as for setting up

the individual compensation amounts and procedures for awarding the compensation. The Compensation Control

Committee supports the Supervisory Board in its tasks and prepares proposals for resolutions by the Supervisory Board.

On the basis of the approved compensation system, the Supervisory Board sets the target total compensation for each

Management Board member for the respective financial year, while taking into account the scope and complexity of the

respective Management Board member’s functional responsibilities, the length of service of the Management Board

member on the Management Board as well as the company’s financial situation. In the process, the Supervisory Board

also considers customary market compensation, also based on both horizontal and vertical comparisons, and sets the

upper limit for total compensation (maximum compensation).

Horizontal appropriateness of Management Board compensation

Through the horizontal comparison, the Supervisory Board ensures that the total target compensation is appropriate in

relation to the tasks and achievements of the Management Board as well as the company’s situation. The horizontal

appropriateness is reviewed annually by the Supervisory Board, which regularly engages external compensation advisors

for this review, while assuring itself that these advisors are independent from the Management Board and Deutsche

Bank. The Supervisory Board takes the results of the review into consideration when setting the target compensation for

the Management Board members. In this context, the compensation amount level and structure, in particular, are

examined at comparable companies (peer groups). Suitable companies in consideration of Deutsche Bank’s market

position (in particular with regard to business sector, size, and country) are used as the basis for this comparison. The

assessment of horizontal appropriateness takes place in comparison with the following three peer groups

Vertical appropriateness

The Supervisory Board also considers a vertical comparison, which compares the compensation of the Management

Board and the compensation of the workforce. Within the vertical comparison, the Supervisory Board considers in

particular, in accordance with the German Corporate Governance Code, the development of compensation over time.

This involves a comparison of the Management Board compensation and the compensation of two groups of employees.

Taken into account are, on the one hand, the compensation of the senior management, which comprises the first

management level below the Management Board and members of the top executive committees of the divisions as well

as the management board members of significant institutions within Deutsche Bank Group and their corresponding first

management level positions with management responsibility. The Management Board compensation is also compared

to, on the other hand, the compensation of all other employees of Deutsche Bank Group worldwide (tariff and non-tariff

employees).

362

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Principles governing the determination of compensation

Guiding principle: Alignment of Management Board compensation to corporate

strategy

Deutsche Bank is dedicated to its clients’ lasting success and financial security at home and abroad. The bank offers its

clients solutions and provides an active contribution to foster the creation of value. Deutsche Bank is committed to a

corporate culture that appropriately aligns risks and returns.

In the interests of the shareholders, the Management Board compensation system is aligned to the business strategy as

well as the sustainable and long-term development of Deutsche Bank and provides suitable incentives for a consistent

achievement of the set targets. The implementation of the Group strategy and the alignment with the sustainable and

long-term performance of the Group are rewarded in a clear and understandable manner through the composition of

total compensation comprising fixed and variable compensation components, through the assessment of performance

over short-term and long-term periods and through the consideration of relevant, challenging performance parameters,

The structure of the targets and objectives therefore comprises a balanced mix of both financial and non-financial

parameters and indicators.

In late January 2025, Deutsche Bank confirmed its strategic goals for the Group in 2025. The organization aims to prove

lay the foundation for becoming the European Champion. With a clear vision, a strong model as Global Hausbank, and a

highly skilled team, Deutsche Bank is well-positioned to achieve long-term success. A key factor in this journey is the

alignment of the Management Boards compensation to the company´s strategic priorities.

By aligning Management Board compensation with these strategic priorities, the organization reinforces its commitment

to sustainable growth, operational excellence, and long-term stakeholder value.

Through the structure of the compensation system, the variable compensation of the members of the Management

Board is closely aligned with the targets and objectives linked to Deutsche Bank’s strategy and priorities, when working

individually and as a team continually towards the long-term positive development of Deutsche Bank without taking on

disproportionately high risks. The Supervisory Board ensures there is always a strong link between compensation and

performance in line with shareholder interests (“pay for performance”).

Structure of the Management Board compensation system aligned with

compensation principles

The compensation system consists of fixed and variable compensation components. The fixed compensation and

variable compensation together form the total compensation for a Management Board member. The Supervisory Board

defines target and maximum amounts (caps) for all compensation components.

363

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Principles governing the determination of compensation

Component		Principle		Implementation
Fixed Compensation
Base salary		The base salary rewards the Management Board member for performing the respective role and responsibilities. This fixed compensation component is intended to ensure a fair and market-oriented income and to ensure that undue risks are avoided.		Monthly payment; annual base salary of between € 2.2 million and € 3.8 million
Fringe benefits		Management Board members can be granted fringe benefits according to the Management Board Fringe Benefits Guideline resolved by the Supervisory Board.		Company car and driver services as well, if applicable, moving expenses, housing allowance, insurance premiums and reimbursement of business representation expenses.
Pension/pension allowance		Management Board members receive contributions to their company pension scheme in accordance with the regulations laid down in the Management Board members service contracts.		‘- Defined contribution system: annual contribution or pension allowance of € 650,000 p.a.; interest accrues at an average rate of 2% p.a., 4% p.a. for legacy entitlements - New Management Board members: pension allowance in cash; CEO € 650,000 p.a. and other Management Board members € 450,000 p.a.
Variable Compensation
Short-Term Incentive (STI)		The Short-Term Incentive (STI) rewards the individual value contribution of each member of the Management Board to achieving short- and medium-term objectives in accordance with the corporate strategy. The STI objectives are tailored to the role and responsibilities of the respective Management Board member and the level of achievement can be individually influenced by the Management Board member.		-Short-Term Incentive (STI) assessed after one year -Target achievement based on annual performance assessment of a maximum of 5 objectives with balanced weightings between financial, sustainability and individual objectives. Maximum achievement level: 150% -Payout: 50% in cash after the 1-year assessment period and 50% equity- based, this portion is also paid out in cash after an additional holding period of 1 year -Not eligible for dividends during performance period.
Long-Term Incentive (LTI)		The Long-Term Incentive (LTI) is largely based on a sustainable increase in the value of the bank. The Relative Total Shareholder Return (RTSR) builds a constant metric within the framework that promotes the linking of shareholder interests with those of the Management Board members. Other stakeholder aspects are taken into account by defining strategically material financial Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) as well as material sustainability targets. Their achievement forms the basis for the final review at the end of the 3-year performance period. The Supervisory Board placed the primary focus on the deferred compensation component by setting the LTI at 60% of the total variable target compensation. In order to appropriately reflect the importance of long- term corporate development in the Management Board’s compensation, 100% of the LTI is shared-based.		‘-Long-Term Incentive (LTI) assessed after 3 years -Target achievement based on performance assessment of 4 LTI objectives with flexible weightings: Group financials (e.g., Return on Tangible Equity (RoTE), growth in Tangible Book Value Per Share (TBVPS)), Relative Total Shareholder Return (RTSR) and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) objectives over a forward-looking assessment period of 3 years. Maximum achievement level: 150% -Initially allocated as a target cash amount -Conversion into equity-based instruments (virtual shares) after first year of performance period -Final determination of number of equity-based units at the end of three-year performance period -Full disposal of LTI after 9 years: delivered in five equal, consecutive installments, starting one year after the assessment period and each with an additional holding period of one year -Not eligible for dividends during performance and deferral period.
Further aspects
Compensation caps		In accordance with Section 87a German Stock Corporation Act, the Supervisory Board sets an upper limit for the amount of compensation. If the compensation for a financial year exceeds this amount, compliance with the maximum limit is ensured by a corresponding reduction in the payment of the variable compensation.		-Maximum compensation of € 12 million according to Section 87a German Stock Corporation Act for each Management Board member - Maximum ratio of fixed to variable compensation: 1:2
Backtesting, malus and clawback		To ensure the sustainable development of the bank and to avoid taking inappropriate risks, the payment of variable compensation may be restricted or cancelled. The Supervisory Board has the option of withholding (malus) or reclaiming (clawback) all or part of the short- term and long-term variable compensation in the event of gross misconduct or misrepresentation in financial reporting.		-Regular review if results achieved in the past are sustainable (backtesting) -Variable compensation in deferral period may be (partially) forfeited in the event of negative Group results, in the event specific solvency or liquidity conditions are not met, individual misconduct, dismissal for cause or negative individual contributions to performance (malus) -Variable compensation already paid might be reclaimed in accordance with Sections 18 (5) and 20 (6) of the Remuneration Ordinance for Institutions

364

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Principles governing the determination of compensation

Component		Principle		Implementation
Shareholding guideline		The members of the Management Board are obliged to build up a holding of Deutsche Bank shares within 4 years. The shares must be held for the entire duration of the appointment. If the base salary is increased, the obligation to hold shares increases accordingly.		-Build-up period of 4 years -CEO – 200% of annual gross base salary and other Management Board members 100% of annual gross base salary -Shares to be held for the duration of the appointment

Detailed information on the compensation system for members of the Management Board of Deutsche Bank AG is

available on the company’s website: https://agm.db.com/files/documents/2024/AGM-2024-Compensation-system.pdf.

Compensation components and structure

The Supervisory Board sets the target compensation for each Management Board member. In accordance with the

recommendation of the German Corporate Governance Code, the Supervisory Board also determines the ratio of fixed

compensation to variable compensation as well as the ratio of short to long-term variable compensation. In this way, the

Supervisory Board ensures that performance-based compensation, which is linked to achieving long-term targets,

exceeds the portion of short-term targets.

Compensation caps

The compensation of the Management Board members is limited (capped) in several ways:

–Cap 1 – the maximum possible achievement levels for the Short-Term Incentive objectives and Long-Term Incentive

objectives are limited to 150% of the respective target values

–Cap 2 – based on the Capital Requirements Directive 4 and as approved by the General Meeting in May 2014, the

maximum ratio of fixed to variable compensation is limited to 1:2

–Cap 3 – in accordance with Section 87a (1) sentence 2 No. 1 of the Stock Corporation Act, the Supervisory Board sets

a maximum limit (maximum compensation) amounting to € 12 million uniformly for all Management Board members.

This cap comprises not only the base salary, Short-Term Incentive (STI) and Long-Term Incentive (LTI), but also the

pension service costs for the company pension plan or pension allowances and fringe benefits.

365

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Principles governing the determination of compensation

Deferrals and holding periods

The Remuneration Ordinance for Institutions generally stipulates a three-year assessment period for the determination

of the variable compensation for management board members. The bank complies with this requirement by assessing

each of the objectives of the Long-Term Incentive (LTI) over a three-year period. In addition, variable compensation is

granted predominantly as equity-based instruments to achieve an even stronger alignment of the Management Board

members’ compensation to the bank’s performance and its share price. After vesting, the equity-based instruments are

also subject to an additional holding period of one year. Accordingly, the Management Board members are not permitted

to fully dispose of the equity-based instruments until the respective holding period has ended. During the deferral and

holding periods, the value of the equity-based instruments is linked to the performance of Deutsche Bank shares and is

therefore tied to the sustained performance of the bank. Equity-based instruments are not eligible for dividends during

performance and deferral periods.

In principle, half of the Short-Term Incentive (STI) is paid out directly after the one-year assessment period in cash, and

the other half is granted as equity-based instruments with an additional holding period of one year, after which it is also

paid out in cash. If the STI exceeds 40% of the variable total compensation, this excess amount must be granted in

deferred form over a deferral period of 5 years in order to comply with regulatory requirements. This is done by awarding

Restricted Equity Awards in 5 equal tranches, each followed by a one-year holding period.

The Long-Term Incentive (LTI) is entirely granted in the form of equity-based instruments that are distributed, starting

one year after the three-year assessment period, through five equal, consecutive installments, each with an additional

holding period of one year. In total, the full LTI payout amount is available for disposal after nine years, but still subject to

clawback conditions for an additional period of one year. The chart below illustrates the assessment and deferral periods

up to the end of the clawback period

Holders of specific functions at certain Deutsche Bank U.S. entities are required by applicable regulation to be

compensated under different plans. Restricted compensation for these persons consists of restricted share awards and

restricted cash awards. The recipient becomes the beneficial owner of the awards as of the Award Date and the awards

are held on the recipient’s behalf. These awards are restricted for a period of time (subject to the applicable plan rules

and award statements, including performance conditions and forfeiture provisions). The restriction period is aligned to

the holding periods applicable to Deutsche Bank’s usual deferred awards. With regard to the Management Board, these

rules only applied only to Professor Dr. Stefan Simon due to his role as CEO of DB USA Corp until his departure from the

Management Board on April 30, 2025.

Full compliance with the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) rules in the UK is ensured by Deutsche Bank through the

implementation of tailored deferral provisions for Management Board members – also to those who are designated as

“Senior Management Function” (SMF) holders. Fabrizio Campelli has been identified as a "Senior Manager" under the

Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) in the United Kingdom (UK) for the 2025 financial year. The retention provisions to

be applied by the PRA to this group of employees are fulfilled by the provisions laid down for Fabrizio Campelli

366

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Principles governing the determination of compensation

Under regulatory guidelines, the grant of dividend equivalents is prohibited for any awards during their performance and

deferral periods. Therefore, the right to receive such dividend equivalents arises only after the completion of the three-

year performance period and the subsequent five-year deferral period (= vesting), as required by the European Banking

Authority. Although shares could be delivered already after the vesting, the Bank decided to delay the delivery until the

end of the additional one-year holding period, which starts with the vesting, to ensure continued compliance with

suspension and forfeiture provisions.

After the vesting and during the additional holding period, the share awards are economically fully attributable to the

Management Board members. To avoid economic disadvantages during the holding period, plan rules allow payment of

an equivalent amount per share if a dividend is paid during this time. This practice complies with all regulations and

market norms; notably, these equivalents are not considered variable compensation and do not require General Meeting

approval, demonstrating the Bank's regulatory adherence.

At its meeting on August 25, 2025, the Supervisory Board approved granting Management Board members dividend

equivalents of € 0.68 per share for equity-based deferred compensation awards already held in the subsequent,

additional holding period at the time of the 2025 General Meeting. These equivalents mirror shareholder dividends and

are calculated based on the number of share units, subject to the same rules as the original award (including suspension,

forfeiture, or clawback).

367

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Target and maximum amounts of base salary and variable compensation

		2025								2024
in €		Base salary		Short-Term Incentive		Long-Term Incentive		Total compensation2		Total compensation2
Chief Executive Officer
Target value		3,800,000		2,400,000		3,600,000		9,800,000		9,800,000
Maximum value								12,000,000		12,000,000
President, CFO and responsible for Asset Management
Target value		3,200,000		2,040,000		3,060,000		8,300,000		8,300,000
Maximum value								10,850,000		10,850,000
Head of Corporate Bank and Investment Bank
Target value		3,400,000		2,160,000		3,240,000		8,800,000		8,800,000
Maximum value								11,500,000		11,500,000
Head of Private Bank
Target value		3,200,000		2,080,000		3,120,000		8,400,000		8,400,000
Maximum value								11,000,000		11,000,000
Chief Risk Officer1
Target value		2,400,000		672,000		1,008,000		4,080,000		6,500,000
Maximum								4,800,000		8,550,000
Chief Compliance and Anti-Financial Crime Officer1
Target value		2,200,000		616,000		924,000		3,740,000		2,975,000
Maximum								4,400,000		3,500,000
Chief Operating Officer
Target value		2,400,000		1,640,000		2,460,000		6,500,000		6,500,000
Maximum value								8,550,000		8,550,000
Chief Technology, Data and Innovation Officer
Target value		2,400,000		1,640,000		2,460,000		6,500,000		6,500,000
Maximum								8,550,000		8,550,000
CEO Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa and Germany
Target value		2,400,000		1,640,000		2,460,000		6,500,000		6,500,000
Maximum								8,550,000		8,550,000

1 For further details on compensation decision, please refer to the “Executive Summary” of this report.

2 Maximum upper limit in accordance with Section 87a (1) sentence 2 No. 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act.

The compensation data for the function of Chief Executive Officer Americas and Chief Legal Officer is no longer

presented, as this function ceased to exist following the departure of Prof. Dr. Stefan Simon from the Management Board

with effect from April 30, 2025. With effect from May 1, 2025, the responsibilities for Legal and the Americas Region

have been allocated as additional responsibilities to existing Management Board members and are therefore no longer

reflected as a separate function.

368

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Short-Term Incentive (STI) 2025

The Supervisory Board sets short-term individual and business division-related objectives for each member of the

Management Board at the beginning of the year. The weightings of each of these objectives as well as relevant

quantitatively or qualitatively measurable performance criteria for their assessment are defined as well. The objectives

support execution of Deutsche Bank’s strategy and priorities and were chosen so that they are challenging, ambitious

and sufficiently concrete to ensure there is an appropriate alignment of performance and compensation and that the

“pay-for-performance” principle is considered. For each quantitative objective the Supervisory Board defined a minimum

threshold, a target and a maximum performance level. If the minimum threshold is not achieved, the achievement level

corresponds to 0%.

For each qualitative objective and behavior objective, the Supervisory Board specified individual measurement criteria

that will be evaluated overall.

For one of the bank´s central focus goals, i.e., the remediation of regulatory findings and control improvements, which

each Management Board member received as an objective aligned to their individual responsibilities, target achievement

was measured to the extent to which the issues within the area of responsibility were prioritized and the necessary

resources were made available. Quantitatively measurable successes in this context were also taken into account, such

as the percentage reduction in regulatory findings compared to the previous year.

Another goal of high and therefore universal importance for all Management Board members in 2025 was the promotion

of the framework “This is Deutsche Bank” connecting the purpose, vision, strategy, culture and claim of Deutsche Bank.

The measurement criterion for determining the individual achievement of sub-objectives in this core objective was the

extent to which there were visible and therefore measurable activation efforts on the part of the respective Management

Board member (number of workshops, town halls, meetings, etc.) and thus the role model function for the new culture of

aspiration was proactively brought to life by the Management Board member. In addition, the results of regularly

conducted employee surveys in the individual Management Board divisions, which reflect the performance and

acceptance of the new culture “This is Deutsche Bank” over time, were an important indicator of the degree of target

achievement.

The following overview shows the objectives as well as the achievement levels as determined by the Supervisory Board

for each Management Board member.

369

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Pay-for-performance summary for CEO and CFO for the Short-Term Incentive1

Management Board Member		Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Pay-on-Performance Summary		Weighting (in %)		Achievem ent Level (in %)		Overall Achievem ent level (in %)
Christian Sewing		RoTE		The Return on Tangible Equity (RoTE) measures the profit (or loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders as a percentage of average tangible shareholders’ equity and incentivizes the efficient use of equity. The tangible shareholder equity is determined by deducting goodwill and other intangible assets from shareholders’ equity. In 2025, the RoTE was 10.3%, representing 133.01% target achievement.		25.00%		133.01%		128.75%
		Group Revenues		The revenue excl. V&T KPI incentives business momentum and sustainable business growth. It measures revenues growth excluding valuation and timing differences (V&T) that arise on derivatives used to hedge the Group’s balance sheet. These are accounting impacts, and valuation losses that are expected to be recovered over time as the underlying instruments approach maturity. In 2025, revenues excluding valuation and timing differences of € 0.9 billion were € 31.2 billion, representing 100% target achievement. Accordingly, the target was met.		25.00%		100.00%
		Further evolve and deliver on group strategy		Significant progress was made in evolving and delivering on the group strategy. The 2025 group strategy was delivered both qualitatively and quantitatively. Furthermore, a clear and compelling equity story for Deutsche Bank's strategic evolution, deeply rooted in its purpose and vision, was developed and delivered, receiving positive feedback from analysts, long-term investors, and rating agencies. The SVA (Shareholder Value Add) approach was successfully implemented as a core element of future strategy and steering. Market developments and potential consolidation scenarios in the banking sector were closely monitored and evaluated. Furthermore, dialogue with key stakeholders was strengthened, solidifying Deutsche Bank's position as a partner of choice for clients and a responsible corporate citizen.		15.00%		140.00%
		Drive regulatory remediation and control enhancements		Prioritization of key regulatory remediation work was effectively ensured across all divisions throughout the year. This led to significant advancements, including an SREP upgrade, substantial improvement in FED and PRA feedback, and considerable progress in remediating regulatory findings. Robust dialogue and exchange with key regulatory stakeholders were consistently maintained.		15.00%		130.00%
		People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" framework		Evolution to a Purpose-Led Organization: Considerable strides were taken in fostering a purpose-led organization. The “This is Deutsche Bank” (TiDB) framework was further structured and rolled out, with increased consideration in employee/ leadership events and Management Board decision-making. There was an increased focus on engaging employees with Deutsche Bank's journey, notably supported by initiatives like the Employee Deep Dive. Key performance indicators agreed for Culture Pulse Survey, gender diversity, carbon reduction as well as for culture, control & conduct metrics show good progress.		20.00%		150.00%

370

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Management Board Member		Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Pay-on-Performance Summary		Weighting (in %)		Achievem ent Level (in %)		Overall Achievem ent level (in %)
James von Moltke		RoTE		The Return on Tangible Equity (RoTE) measures the profit (or loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders as a percentage of average tangible shareholders’ equity and incentivizes the efficient use of equity. The tangible shareholder equity is determined by deducting goodwill and other intangible assets from shareholders’ equity. In 2025, the RoTE was 10.3%, representing 133.01% target achievement.		25.00%		133.01%		122.28%
		Cost base - group level		The direct adjusted costs KPI focuses on the operating cost development of Deutsche Bank Group, which is essential to position the bank for sustainable performance in 2025 and beyond. “Adjusted costs” means that litigation, severance and restructuring and impairment costs are excluded in line with the external reporting. In 2025, the direct adjusted cost base was € 20.3 billion. The target achievement was 105.09%.		25.00%		105.09%
		Plan execution and delivery on group strategy		The organization has been progressing well toward its strategic goals, meeting targets for Return-on-tangible-Equity, Cost- Income-Ratio, pre-tax profit, and net income. The 2025 group strategy was delivered with both qualitative and quantitative results, integrating Shareholder Value Added (SVA) into performance management. A new strategy with financial targets for 2028 was presented at the Investor Deep Dive, supported by active investor engagement that shifted the narrative to long-term value growth. Capital distribution goals were met, with dividends and share buybacks up over 50% year-over-year, exceeding targeted € 8 billion since 2022. The organization’s equity story, anchored in its purpose and vision, received favorable feedback from analysts and stakeholders, strengthening its reputation as a preferred partner and responsible corporate citizen.		15.00%		130.00%
		Controls and transformation		There has been notable progress in strengthening regulatory controls and addressing outstanding issues, with most key tasks completed and significant progress in remediating findings across Finance and DWS. These improvements have led to positive regulator feedback and a stronger overall control environment.		10.00%		120.00%
		DWS development		DWS has shown strong performance in 2025, with its share price improving by over 30% and the company exceeded its € 4.50 EPS target. The asset management segment is poised to exceed its revenue and net income plans, with expenses exactly on plan, excluding retention impact from share price appreciation. Close collaboration with DWS leadership on strategic plans, including IDD preparation and evaluation of potential acquisition or partnership projects, has been maintained. Longstanding legal issues, notably the greenwashing allegations, have been settled, further solidifying the company's position for long-term success.		10.00%		125.00%
		People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" framework		Finance has led employee engagement through the This is Deutsche Bank (TiDB) framework, achieving a 72% culture pulse survey score (up from 69% in 2024) with a 68% response rate. Gender diversity stands at 37.1%, slightly below the 38.5% target, but improvement is expected. Finance maintains high integrity with minimal conduct issues. The TiDB framework has expanded organization-wide and is increasingly integrated into events and decision-making. Key culture and conduct metrics, including the Culture Pulse Survey and other indicators, are all rated being on track.		15.00%		125.00%

1Deutsche Bank’s financial and regulatory targets are based on the financial results prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and endorsed by the EU. The

IASB IFRS financial results may materially differ from the EU-IFRS results as Deutsche Bank applies hedge accounting under the EU carve-out. Therefore, the IASB IFRS

financial results are not a basis for measuring the bank’s financial performance and progress towards its financial targets or capital objectives and are not discussed. For

additional details, please refer to “Note 01 – Material Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates – EU carve-out” to the consolidated financial statements.

Performance Short-Term Incentive of other Management Board Members

Fabrizio Campelli

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Revenues Investment Bank/Corporate Bank (IB/CB)		31.25%			121.97%
Cost base - group level		9.38%
Cost base - divisional cost base (Direct adjusted cost base IB/CB)		9.38%
Deliver on IB/CB strategy execution and client leadership and drive key measures		15.00%
Further improve controls and demonstrate effectiveness to regulators		15.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		20.00%

371

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Dr. Marcus Chromik (Member since May 1, 2025)

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Cost base - group level		10.00%			118.07%
Cost base - divisional cost base (Direct adjusted cost base Chief Risk Office)		10.00%
Advance the CRO Operating model		20.00%
Safeguard the bank		20.00%
Deliver on regulatory remediation and solve outstanding issues in a sustainable and holistic manner		20.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		20.00%

Bernd Leukert

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Cost base - group level		10.00%			115.02%
Cost base - divisional cost base (Direct adjusted cost base Technology, Data & Innovation)		10.00%
Drive mid/long term required cost efficiencies, while running DB systems safely on a daily basis in line with risk appetite		20.00%
Drive application and infrastructure simplification in line with DB strategy and envisaged Target Operating Model		20.00%
Deliver against regulatory requirements and reduce Group Audit Overdue findings		20.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		20.00%

Alexander von zur Mühlen

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Revenues (Revenues across Germany, EMEA and APAC)		20.00%			116.35%
RoTE		20.00%
Evolution and execution of Strategy for Germany		20.00%
Foster roll-out of Global Hausbank concept by improved cross-divisional corridor and cross regional focus targeting Asia Pacific, Middle East Africa, Europe and Germany		20.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		20.00%

Laura Padovani

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Cost base - group level		20.00%			117.02%
Deliver on regulatory remediation, read across remediation work and maintain focus on sustainable embedment		20.00%
Implement strategic Compliance & Anti Financial-Crime Operating Model		20.00%
Strengthen the Compliance & Anti Financial-Crime function’s overall stature and gravitas and drive culture		20.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		20.00%

Claudio de Sanctis

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Revenues Private Bank (PB)		25.00%			121.14%
Cost base - group level		12.50%
Cost base - divisional cost base (Direct adjusted cost base Private Bank)		12.50%
Deliver on PB strategy execution, operating model and client leadership		15.00%
Deliver on critical remediation activities		15.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		20.00%

372

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Rebecca Short

Short-Term Individual & divisional objectives		Weighting (in %)			Overall Achievement level (in %)
Cost base - group level		15.00%			117.26%
Cost base - divisional cost base (Direct adjusted cost base Infrastructure)		15.00%
Embed new Target Operating Model		20.00%
Deliver HR and procurement excellence		15.00%
Drive remediation and control enhancements		20.00%
People & Culture - Promote "This is Deutsche Bank" Framework		15.00%

Overall achievement of the Short-Term Incentive

In principle, half of the Short-Term Incentive (STI) is paid in cash after a year, while the other half is provided as equity-

based instruments with a one-year holding period before being paid out in cash. If STI achievement exceeds 100%, any

surplus is awarded deferred and equity-based (Restricted Equity Awards) to meet regulatory requirements regarding the

ratio of variable compensation: 40% STI and 60% LTI.

For the 2025 financial year, the following overall levels of achievement were determined by the Supervisory Board for

the current members of the Management Board based on the levels of achievement of the individual objectives

determined for the Short-Term Incentive:

Short-Term Incentive overall achievement

Member of the Management Board		Target Amount (in € )		Achievement level (in %)		Overall Amount STI (in € )
Christian Sewing		2,400,000		128.75%		3,090,085
James von Moltke		2,040,000		122.28%		2,494,453
Fabrizio Campelli		2,160,000		121.97%		2,634,571
Dr. Marcus Chromik1		448,000		118.07%		528,970
Bernd Leukert		1,640,000		115.02%		1,886,248
Alexander von zur Mühlen		1,640,000		116.35%		1,908,143
Laura Padovani		616,000		117.02%		720,836
Claudio de Sanctis		2,080,000		121.14%		2,519,645
Rebecca Short		1,640,000		117.26%		1,923,132
Professor Dr. Stefan Simon2		546,667		85.00%		464,667
Olivier Vigneron3		633,222		100.00%		633,222

1 Member since May 1, 2025

2 Member until April 30, 2025

3 Member until May 19, 2025

85.00% - 128.75% Range of achievement levels of the STI objectives for Management Board Members in 2025

373

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Member of the Management Board		Cash payout in 2026 (in € )		Equity-Upfront Award grant in 2026 (in € )		Number of units1		Restricted Equity Award grant in 20262 (in € )		Number of units1
Christian Sewing		1,338,017		1,338,017		43,826		414,051		13,562
James von Moltke		1,110,891		1,110,891		36,387		272,672		8,931
Fabrizio Campelli3		1,174,914		1,174,914		38,484		284,743		9,327
Dr. Marcus Chromik4		240,194		240,194		7,867		48,582		1,591
Bernd Leukert		869,250		869,250		28,472		147,749		4,839
Alexander von zur Mühlen		873,629		873,629		28,615		160,886		5,270
Laura Padovani		328,967		328,967		10,775		62,902		2,060
Claudio de Sanctis		1,127,929		1,127,929		36,945		263,787		8,640
Rebecca Short		876,626		876,626		28,714		169,879		5,564
Professor Dr. Stefan Simon5		232,334		232,334		7,610		0		0
Olivier Vigneron6		316,611		316,611		10,370		0		0

1  The calculation of the number of equity-based instruments is based on the average Xetra closing price of the Deutsche Bank share during the last ten trading days in

February 2026 (€ 30.53).

2A portion of the STI where the achievement exceeds 100% must be granted as Restricted Equity Awards to ensure regulatory requirements. For further information,

please refer to chapter “Deferrals and holding periods”.

3The additional granted Restricted Equity Awards meet the UK regulatory requirements as well. For further information, please refer to chapter “Deferrals and holding

periods”.

4Member since May 1, 2025

5Member until April 30, 2025

6Member until May 19, 2025

374

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Long-Term Incentive (LTI)2025

When determining the variable compensation, the focus is set on the achievement of long-term objectives linked to the

bank’s strategy. For the Long-Term Incentive (LTI), the Supervisory Board specifies collective long-term objectives for the

Management Board members, each assessed over a period of three years.

At the beginning of 2025, the LTI was initially allocated as a target cash amount to the individual Management Board

members. As the three-year assessment period for the LTI represents a change from a retrospective to a forward-looking

period, the granting of the equity-based compensation takes place two years later compared to the previous

compensation system. In order to align the Management Board compensation with the share performance of the

Deutsche Bank share and therefore with the shareholders’ interests, the Supervisory Board made use of the possibility

that was already provided for in the new compensation system to convert the target euro amount for the LTI into virtual

share units after the first performance assessment year (not constituting a grant of compensation at this stage). After the

three-year performance assessment period, the number of virtual share units will then be increased or reduced according

to the achievement level determined for the LTI.

This approach further strengthens the sustainability aspect of the long-term variable compensation, as it is additionally

linked to the performance of the bank and the share price during the assessment period. The conversion was based on

the average share price of Deutsche Bank during the last 10 trading days in February 2026 of € 30.53. The number of

virtual shares that will be granted by the end of the assessment period will depend on the results of the performance

assessment and thus will vary between 0% and 150% of the number initially allocated. After the vesting and holding

periods, 20% of the virtual shares will become available annually but will still be subject to clawback conditions.

Overview of Long-Term Incentive (LTI) - Plans

375

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Long-Term Incentive Plan 2024-2026 and 2025-2027

LTI - Objectives	%	LTI 2024-2026			%	LTI 2025-2027			Actuals as of YE 2024	Actuals as of YE 2025
		0%	100%	150%		0%	100%	150%
Group Financials & RTSR	40%				40%
RoTE1	15%	< 9%	11%	12%	15%	< 10%	12%	13%	4.7%	10.3%
		(9%=33%)				(10%=33%)
TBVPS2	10%	<=6.5%	8.5%	9.5%	10%	<= 6.5%	8.5%	9.5%	5.3%	3.6%
RTSR3	15%	< median	70th percentile	90th percentile	15%	< median	70th percentile	90th percentile	Rank 6	Rank 3
		(median=50%)				(median=50%)
ESG	20%				20%
Environmental Driving climate risk management	8%	<= 50%	70%	85%	8%	<= 50%	70%	85%	n.a.4	n.a.4
Social Gender Diversity	4%	<= 30%	32.5%	35%	4%	<= 30%	32.5%	35%	28.4%	28.4%
Governance	8%	0	100.0%	150%	8%	0	100.0%	150%	qualitative assessment at the end of the performance period

1 Return on tangible Equity by the end of the performance period.

2 Tangible Book Value per Share average annual growth (excl. foreign exchange) over the performance period. 

3 Relative Total Shareholder Return – Ranking of Deutsche Bank vs. peer group (= DBs Global peer group) by the end of the performance period.

4 Target achievement is based on the average results of 2025 and 2026.

This table is only for information purposes and easier assessment of MB performance reg. LTI: This table summarizes LTI

targets, assessment criteria and provides an overview of how the Management Board has delivered to date without

anticipating the final outcome.

Conversion into virtual shares - Development of average Deutsche Bank share price

The target euro amount for the LTI gets converted into virtual share units after the first performance assessment

year (not a compensation grant yet), based on the average share price during the last 10 trading days in February

2026 of € 30.53. These units are then adjusted after the three-year assessment period based on LTI achievement,

linking long-term variable compensation to the bank's performance and share price. The table below illustrates the

converted amount and the corresponding number of virtual share units.

376

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Equity-based instruments (virtual shares)

		LTI-Plan 2024-2026		LTI-Plan 2025-2027
Members of the Management Board		Number of equity-based units		LTI Target allocation in €		Average share price before conversion in € 1		Number of equity-based units
Christian Sewing		177,652		3,600,000		30.53		117,917
James von Moltke		152,916		3,060,000				100,229
Fabrizio Campelli		161,911		3,240,000				106,125
Dr. Marcus Chromik2		—		672,000				22,011
Bernd Leukert		122,932		2,460,000				80,576
Alexander von zur Mühlen		122,932		2,460,000				80,576
Laura Padovani3		18,365		924,000				30,265
Claudio de Sanctis		155,914		3,120,000				102,195
Rebecca Short		122,932		2,460,000				80,576
Professor Dr. Stefan Simon4		122,932		820,000				26,859
Olivier Vigneron5		122,932		949,833				31,111

1 Average Xetra closing price of the Deutsche Bank share during the last ten trading days in February 2026.

2 Member since May 1, 2025

3 Member since July 1, 2024

4 Member until April 30, 2025

5 Member until May 19, 2025

Backtesting and application of malus and clawback in 2025

The Supervisory Board regularly reviews in due time before the respective release dates the possibility of a full or partial

forfeiture (malus) or reclaiming (clawback) of the Management Board members’ variable compensation components.

There was no forfeiture or clawback of awards in 2025.

Shareholding Guidelines

According to the Shareholding Guidelines that apply to the members of the Management Board, they have an obligation

to build up a holding of Deutsche Bank shares within four years. The CEO is obliged to hold an equivalent of 200% of his

annual gross base salary in shares and other Management Board members are required to hold shares that equal 100% of

their annual gross base salary in order to fulfill the Shareholding Guidelines. The shares must be held for the entire

duration of the appointment. If the base salary is increased, the obligation to hold shares increases accordingly.

Compliance with the shareholding obligation is reviewed every six months. Depending on the level of achievement and

share price performance, additional shares must either be bought or can be sold if the obligation is exceeded. 75% of

Restricted Equity Award(s)/ Outstanding Equity Units are chargeable to share obligation.

All Management Board members fulfilled the shareholding obligations in 2025 or are currently in the build-up phase.

377

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Application of the compensation system in the financial year

Benefits upon contract termination

The following table shows the annual contributions, the interest credits, the account balances and the annual service

costs for the years 2025 and 2024 as well as the corresponding defined benefit obligations for each member of the

Management Board in office in 2025 as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2025. The different balances are

attributable to the different lengths of service on the Management Board, the respective age-related factors, and the

different contribution rates. Management Board members that receive a pension allowance instead of an annual

contribution are not included in the following table - unless they have received an annual contribution in previous years.

Pension allowances are shown in the section “Compensation granted and owed (inflow table)”.

Members of the Management Board		Annual contribution, in the year				Interest credited, in the year				Account balance, end of year				Service cost (IFRS), in the year				Present value of the defined benefit obligation (IFRS), end of year
in €		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Christian Sewing		715,000		728,000		—		—		9,467,000		8,752,000		546,300		574,078		7,640,707		7,132,345
James von Moltke		702,000		715,000		—		—		7,221,500		6,519,500		551,820		577,371		6,120,471		5,561,609
Fabrizio Campelli		760,500		773,500		—		—		5,502,254		4,741,754		509,388		542,981		3,936,029		3,486,558
Bernd Leukert		676,000		689,000		—		—		4,801,334		4,125,334		574,620		596,463		4,367,269		3,742,460
Claudio de Sanctis		747,500		760,500		—		—		1,894,750		1,147,250		507,949		542,293		1,327,023		823,356
Rebecca Short		773,500		786,500		—		—		3,739,668		2,966,168		487,795		522,769		2,423,885		1,983,351
Prof. Dr. Stefan Simon1		—		—		—		—		3,483,460		3,483,460		—		—		2,925,774		2,944,486
Olivier Vigneron2		242,668		747,500		—		—		2,395,252		2,152,584		171,304		548,749		1,789,396		1,633,309

1Member until April 30, 2025. Prof. Stefan Simon received a pro-rata pension allowance until the end of his mandate, which is reflected in the section ‘Compensation.

Granted and Owed (Inflow Table)’. Due to an existing account balance, he is also listed in the table above

2 Member until May 19, 2025

The Management Board members are in principle entitled to receive a severance payment upon an early termination of

their appointment, provided the Bank is not entitled to revoke the appointment or give notice under the contractual

agreement for cause. In line with German market practice as well as recommendation G.13 of the German Corporate

Governance Code (GCGC), severance payments are currently limited to two times the annual total compensation and are

not paid beyond the remaining term of the service contract (severance cap). Considering feedback from investors and

other stakeholders, the Supervisory Board will reduce the severance cap to a maximum of two years’ base salary for

Management members appointed after January 1, 2024. The severance payment is determined and granted in

accordance with the statutory and regulatory requirements, in particular with the recommendations of the GCGC and

provisions of the InstitutsVergV.

Olivier Vigneron left the Management Board with effect from the end of May 19, 2025. The Service Contract ended with

the end of his appointment period. As provided for in his service contract, a waiting allowance (“Karenzentschädigung”)

was agreed in accordance with the post-contractual non-compete clause in the amount of € 130,000 per month,

corresponding to 65% of his fixed base salary. The post-contractual non-compete provision was originally set to apply

from May 20, 2025, to February 19, 2026, in the scope set forth in the service contract. However, following an offer for

Mr. Vigneron to become Chief Risk Officer (CRO) at another bank effective September 2, 2025, which fell within the

scope of the non-compete clause, the Supervisory Board, at the request of Olivier Vigneron, resolved to terminate the

non-compete clause effective August 31, 2025. Consequently, the payment of the monthly waiting allowance

("Karenzentschädigung") ceased upon the waiver of the non-compete clause taking effect.

Professor Dr. Stefan Simon left the Management Board by mutual agreement with effect from the end of April 30, 2025.

As foreseen in his service contract, severance benefits were agreed with him. The severance agreement provided for a

waiting allowance (“Karenzentschädigung”) during a non-compete period of between 6 and a maximum of 12 months,

amounting to € 130,000 per month (65% of his base salary), which is offset against the severance payment. A severance

payment as compensation for the early termination of his service contract was agreed in the amount of € 6,446,548

including the waiting allowance. This severance payment was structured as follows: 20% Upfront Cash, 20% Equity

Upfront Award, 30% Restricted Incentive Award (delivered 2026-2030), and 30% Restricted Equity Award (delivered

2027 - 2031). The severance payment, is subject to all contractually agreed provisions on variable compensation

components, including the possibility of a clawback of variable compensation.

Deviations from the compensation system

There were no deviations from the compensation system in the 2025 financial year.

378

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Management Board compensation 2025

Management Board compensation 2025

Current Management Board members

Total compensation 2025

The Supervisory Board determined the following compensation on an individual basis. The second Long-Term Incentive

(LTI) Plan based on the new compensation system as of 2024 was set up for the performance period 2025 - 2027; after

the end of the 3-year performance period the Supervisory Board determines the achievement level based on the pre-

defined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Due to a change in 2024 from a backward-looking to a forward-looking three-

year performance period, the first two years after the implementation of the new system (2024 and 2025) are years of

transitional (“transitional phase”). The second Long-Term Incentive -Plan (LTI-Plan 2025 - 2027) will first be granted in

early 2028. During the “transitional phase”, the LTI will be shown with the target amount for calculation and comparison

purposes. For better comparability with the previous year's figures, the table below includes a column entitled Pro Forma

Total Compensation which shows the sum of base salary, actual STI and a target value for the LTI.

This approach is reflected accordingly in the following table below.

		2025								2024
in €		Base salary1		Actual Short-Term Incentive		Target Long-Term Incentive2		Pro-Forma Total compensation		Pro-Forma Total compensation3
Christian Sewing		3,800,000		3,090,085		3,600,000		10,490,085		9,753,210
James von Moltke		3,200,000		2,494,453		3,060,000		8,754,453		8,265,320
Fabrizio Campelli		3,400,000		2,634,571		3,240,000		9,274,571		8,987,920
Dr. Marcus Chromik4		1,600,000		528,970		672,000		2,800,970		—
Bernd Leukert		2,400,000		1,886,248		2,460,000		6,746,248		6,349,120
Alexander von zur Mühlen		2,400,000		1,908,143		2,460,000		6,768,143		6,398,320
Laura Padovani5		2,200,000		720,836		924,000		3,844,836		1,478,925
Claudio de Sanctis		3,200,000		2,519,645		3,120,000		8,839,645		8,377,120
Rebecca Short		2,400,000		1,923,132		2,460,000		6,783,132		6,467,200
Professor Dr. Stefan Simon6		800,000		464,667		820,000		2,084,667		5,857,120
Olivier Vigneron7		926,667		633,222		949,833		2,509,722		6,137,560
Total		26,326,667		18,803,972		23,765,833		68,896,472		68,071,815

1 In the column “Base salary”, the target values set by the Supervisory Board are shown in Euro for reasons of comparability. The actual inflow differs from this target value

for Management Board members Alexander von zur Mühlen and Professor Dr. Stefan Simon due to currency fluctuations and for Bernd Leukert due to the offsetting of

compensation from mandates. The inflows are shown in the section “Compensation granted and owed (inflow table)”.

2 The determination of the final achievement level for the LTI Plan 2025-2027 will take place after the end of the 3-year performance period in 2028.

3 The Pro-Forma Compensation includes the target value for the LTI in 2024. The determination of the final achievement level for the LTI Plan 2024-2026 will take place

after the end of the 3-year performance period in 2027..

4 Member since May 1, 2025

5 Member since July 1, 2024

6 Member until April 30, 2025

7 Member until May 19, 2025

Compensation granted and owed (inflow table)

The following table shows the compensation paid and owed in the 2025 and 2024 financial years to incumbent members of the

Management Board in the 2025 financial year pursuant to Section 162 (1) sentence 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act.

In some cases, the inflows for 2025 significantly deviate from the figures reported in previous years. This discrepancy is due to the

compensation system in place in 2018, which stipulated that the variable compensation from the long-term component would

become due in a lump sum after five years and would be paid out after six years (a structure known as cliff-vesting). Conversely,

the variable compensation granted from 2022 onwards is due in four or five annual installments. Therefore, the increase in the

2025 figures is attributed to the cliff-vesting structure of the compensation granted in 2019 for the financial year 2018.

The presented figures distinguish between compensation components that were actually paid or delivered to the individual

Management Board members during the respective reporting period (“paid”) and those that were already legally due during the

reporting period but had not yet been delivered (“owed”).

Accordingly, except for base salary and fringe benefits, the table illustrates deferral cash compensation (Restricted Incentive

Awards (RIA)) that resulted from Short-Term Award grants based on the former compensation system as implemented in previous

years. Correspondingly, variable compensation based on the compensation system will not be illustrated until next year, i.e., the

Short-Term Incentive cash payout for the performance in the 2025 financial year will be paid and thus considered and disclosed

as an inflow for the 2026 financial year.

379

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Management Board compensation 2025

Compensation granted and owed per Management Board member

		Christian Sewing								James von Moltke
		2025				2024				2025				2024
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Fixed compensation components:
Base salary		3,800		24%		3,750		77%		3,200		29%		3,200		68%
Pension allowance		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		11		0%		113		2%		105		1%		107		2%
Total fixed compensation		3,811		24%		3,863		79%		3,305		29%		3,307		70%
Variable compensation components:
Cash compensation for 2024		1,201		8%		0		0%		1,003		9%		0		0%
Deferred variable compensation
thereof Restricted Incentive Awards:
2020 Restricted Incentive Award for 2019		43		0%		43		1%		38		0%		43		1%
2021 Restricted Incentive Award for 2020		304		2%		304		6%		191		2%		213		4%
2022 Restricted Incentive Award for 2021		652		4%		0		0%		447		4%		0		0%
2023 Restricted Incentive Award for 2022		0		0%		667		14%		0		0%		522		11%
2024 Restricted Incentive Award for 2023		632		4%		0		0%		492		4%		0		0%
thereof Equity Awards:
2019 Restricted Equity Award for 2018		7,205		46%		0		0%		4,427		39%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Equity Award for 2021		1,710		11%		0		0%		1,313		12%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Total variable compensation		11,745		76%		1,013		21%		7,912		71%		1,433		30%
Total compensation		15,556		100%		4,876		100%		11,217		100%		4,740		100%

		Fabrizio Campelli								Dr. Marcus Chromik1
		2025				2024				2025				2024
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Fixed compensation components:
Base salary		3,400		49%		3,400		82%		1,600		84%		—		0%
Pension allowance		0		0%		0		0%		300		16%		—		0%
Fringe benefits		6		0%		6		0%		3		0%		—		0%
Total fixed compensation		3,406		49%		3,406		82%		1,903		100%		—		0%
Variable compensation components:
Cash compensation for 2024		1,150		16%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Deferred variable compensation
thereof Restricted Incentive Awards:
2020 Restricted Incentive Award for 2019		6		0%		7		0%		0		0%		—		0%
2021 Restricted Incentive Award for 2020		184		3%		213		5%		0		0%		—		0%
2022 Restricted Incentive Award for 2021		417		6%		0		0%		0		0%		—		0%
2023 Restricted Incentive Award for 2022		0		0%		502		12%		0		0%		—		0%
2024 Restricted Incentive Award for 2023		548		8%		0		0%		0		0%		—		0%
thereof Equity Awards:						0		0%		0		0%		—		0%
2019 Restricted Equity Award for 2018		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Equity Award for 2021		1,287		18%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		—		0%
Total variable compensation		3,592		51%		722		17%		0		0%		—		0%
Total compensation		6,998		100%		4,129		100%		1,903		100%		—		0%

1Member since May 1, 2025. For further details on compensation decision, please refer to chapter "Executive Summary" in this report.

380

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Management Board compensation 2025

		Bernd Leukert								Alexander von zur Mühlen
		2025				2024				2025				2024
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Fixed compensation components:
Base salary		2,3861		45%		2,3911		78%		2,5172		37%		2,5762		62%
Pension allowance		0		0%		0		0%		650		10%		650		16%
Fringe benefits		8		0%		9		0%		143		2%		136		3%
Total fixed compensation		2,394		45%		2,400		78%		3,311		49%		3,362		81%
Variable compensation components:
Cash compensation for 2024		745		14%		0		0%		769		11%		0		0%
Deferred variable compensation
thereof Restricted Incentive Awards:
2020 Restricted Incentive Award for 2019		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
2021 Restricted Incentive Award for 2020		188		4%		188		6%		99		1%		74		2%
2022 Restricted Incentive Award for 2021		474		9%		0		0%		621		9%		0		0%
2023 Restricted Incentive Award for 2022		0		0%		477		16%		0		0%		473		11%
2024 Restricted Incentive Award for 2023		426		8%		0		0%		570		8%		0		0%
thereof Equity Awards:		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
2019 Restricted Equity Award for 2018		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Equity Award for 2021		1,036		20%		0		0%		1,273		19%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%		103		2%		219		5%
Total variable compensation		2,870		55%		666		22%		3,435		51%		766		19%
Total compensation		5,264		100%		3,065		100%		6,746		100%		4,128		100%

1The fixed compensation shown includes the crediting of compensation from mandates

2As the fixed compensation is granted in local currency, it is subject to foreign exchange-rate changes.

3The variable fringe benefits represent a housing allowance.

		Laura Padovani1								Claudio de Sanctis
		2025				2024				2025				2024
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Fixed compensation components:
Base salary		2,200		79%		875		79		3,200		70%		3,200		99%
Pension allowance		450		16%		225		20		0		0%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		19		1%		12		1		44		1%		20		1%
Total fixed compensation		2,669		96%		1,112		100		3,244		71%		3,220		100%
Variable compensation components:
Cash compensation for 2024		118		4%		0		0		1,029		23%		0		0%
Deferred variable compensation
thereof Restricted Incentive Awards:
2020 Restricted Incentive Award for 2019		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
2021 Restricted Incentive Award for 2020		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Incentive Award for 2021		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
2023 Restricted Incentive Award for 2022		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
2024 Restricted Incentive Award for 2023		0		0%		0		0		268		6%		0		0%
thereof Equity Awards:		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
2019 Restricted Equity Award for 2018		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Equity Award for 2021		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0		0		0%		0		0%
Total variable compensation		118		4%		0		0		1,297		29%		0		0%
Total compensation		2,787		100%		1,112		100		4,540		100%		3,220		100%

1 Member since July 1, 2024.

381

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Management Board compensation 2025

		Rebecca Short								Professor Dr. Stefan Simon1
		2025				2024				2025				2024
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Fixed compensation components:
Base salary		2,400		51%		2,400		81%		8272		14%		2,4682		59%
Pension allowance		0		0%		0		0%		217		4%		650		16%
Fringe benefits		7		0%		56		2%		29		0%		117		3%
Total fixed compensation		2,407		51%		2,456		83%		1,073		18%		3,235		78%
Variable compensation components:
Termination benefits		0		0%		0		0%		2,0693		35%		0		0%
Cash compensation for 2024		804		17%		0		0%		499		8%		0		0%
Deferred variable compensation
thereof Restricted Incentive Awards:
2020 Restricted Incentive Award for 2019		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
2021 Restricted Incentive Award for 2020		0		0%		0		0%		79		1%		78		2%
2022 Restricted Incentive Award for 2021		273		6%		0		0%		479		8%		0		0%
2023 Restricted Incentive Award for 2022		0		0%		491		17%		0		0%		475		11%
2024 Restricted Incentive Award for 2023		392		8%		0		0%		465		8%		0		0%
thereof Equity Awards:
2019 Restricted Equity Award for 2018		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Equity Award for 2021		845		18%		0		0%		1,036		18%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%		1734		3%		3634		9%
Total variable compensation		2,313		49%		491		17%		4,800		82%		916		22%
Total compensation		4,720		100%		2,946		100%		5,873		100%		4,151		100%

1 Member until April 30, 2025.

2 As the fixed compensation is granted in local currency, it is subject to foreign exchange-rate changes.

3 For further details on the Termination Benefits, please refer to chapter "Benefits upon contract termination" in this report.

4 The variable fringe benefits mainly represent a housing allowance.

		Olivier Vigneron1
		2025				2024
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Fixed compensation components:
Base salary		927		36%		2,400		90%
Pension allowance		0		0%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		2		0%		13		0%
Total fixed compensation		929		37%		2,413		90%
Variable compensation components:
Termination benefits		6202		24%		0		0%
Cash compensation for 2024		639		25%		0		0%
Deferred variable compensation
thereof Restricted Incentive Awards:
2020 Restricted Incentive Award for 2019		0		0%		0		0%
2021 Restricted Incentive Award for 2020		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Incentive Award for 2021		0		0%		0		0%
2023 Restricted Incentive Award for 2022		0		0%		266		10%
2024 Restricted Incentive Award for 2023		354		14%		0		0%
thereof Equity Awards:
2019 Restricted Equity Award for 2018		0		0%		0		0%
2022 Restricted Equity Award for 2021		0		0%		0		0%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%
Total variable compensation		1,612		63%		266		10%
Total compensation		2,541		100%		2,679		100%

1 Member until May 19, 2025.

2 For further details on the Termination Benefits, please refer to chapter "Benefits upon contract termination" in this report..

With respect to the deferred compensation components of previous years approved in the reporting year, the

Supervisory Board confirmed that the respective performance conditions were met.

382

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Management Board compensation 2025

Former members of the Management Board

Compensation granted and owed (inflow table)

The following table shows the compensation paid and owed to the former members of the Management Board in the 2025

financial year pursuant to Section 162 (1) sentence 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act. This involves the compensation

components that were either actually delivered to the former Management Board members within the reporting period (“paid”) or

were already legally due during the reporting period but not yet delivered (“owed”). Pursuant to Section 162 (5) of the German

Stock Corporation Act, no personal data is provided on former members of the Management Board who ended their work for the

Management Board prior to the end of the financial year 2015. Multi-year deferred compensation components are not paid out

early upon termination of the mandate.

In some cases, the inflows for 2025 significantly deviate from the figures reported in previous years. This discrepancy is due to the

compensation system in place in 2018, which stipulated that the variable compensation from the long-term component would

become due in a lump sum after five years and would be paid out after six years (a structure known as cliff-vesting). Conversely,

the variable compensation granted from 2022 onwards is due in four or five annual installments. Therefore, the increase in the

2025 figures is attributed to the cliff-vesting structure of the compensation granted in 2019 for the financial year 2018.

		Karl von Rohr member until October 31, 2023				Stuart Lewis member until May 19, 2022				Frank Kuhnke member until April 30, 2021
		2025				2025				2025
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Non-Compete payment
Deferred variable compensation
Restricted Incentive Awards		1,028		13%		594		6%		348		47%
Equity Awards		6,594		87%		9,013		94%		386		53%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Pension benefits		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Total compensation		7,622		100%		9,607		100%		734		100%

 

		Werner Steinmüller member until July 31, 2020				Sylvie Matherat member until July 31, 2019				Garth Ritchie member until July 31, 2019
		2025				2025				2025
		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Deferred variable compensation
Restricted Incentive Awards		134		3%		78		1%		87		1%
Equity Awards		4,614		97%		13,8671		99%		12,5361		99%
Fringe benefits		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Pension benefits		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Total compensation		4,748		100%		13,946		100%		12,622		100%

1 Including Termination Benefits.

		Nicolas Moreau member until Dec 31, 2018								Dr. Marcus Schenck member until May 24, 2018				John Cryan member until April 8, 2018
		2025								2025				2025
		DB AG		DWS Managemen t GmbH		Overall
		in € t.		in € t.		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %		in € t.		in %
Deferred variable compensation
Restricted Incentive Awards		0		0		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Equity Awards		3,6881		5,3282		9,016		100%		2,032		100%		1,468		100%
Fringe benefits		0		0		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Pension benefits		0		0		0		0%		0		0%		0		0%
Total compensation		3,688		5,328		9,016		100%		2,032		100%		1,468		100%

1 Including Termination Benefits.

2 Details of these instruments can be found in the DWS Annual Report.

In the financial year 2025, in addition to the individual payments to former management board members shown in the

table, an additional € 10.2 million was paid to 11 former management board members for pension benefits. These

payments are no longer individually disclosed due to data protection reasons as per § 162 para. 5 of the German Stock

Corporation Act (AktG).

383

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Outlook for the 2026 financial year

Outlook for the 2026 financial year

Total target compensation and maximum compensation

The total target compensation for 2026 will in principle remain unchanged compared to the total target compensation in

force or adjusted in 2024 and 2025.

The limits on compensation for the members of the Management Board remain unchanged versus the 2025 financial

year. This means that the maximum possible achievement level for variable compensation amounts to 150%. In

accordance with Section 87a (1) sentence 2 No. 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the limit set for total

compensation is maintained unchanged at a maximum of € 12 million uniformly for all members of the Management

board as the maximum cap based on the financial year.

2026 objective structure and targets

The compensation system implemented in 2025 works well and produces appropriate results. Therefore, the objective

structure will continue to be in line with the compensation system approved by the General Meeting in 2024.

At the Investor Deep Dive in November 2025, Deutsche Bank presented its strategy to accelerate value creation from

2026 to 2028, aiming to become the European Champion as a Global Hausbank. The strategy is built on three levers:

focused growth, strict capital discipline, and a scalable operating model. The targets include an increase of annual

revenue by around € 5 billion by 2028, with 75% stemming from asset gathering, payments, and advisory services. Return

on Tangible Equity (RoTE) is to increase from above 10% in 2025 to greater than 13% within three years, achieved partly

through disciplined capital allocation to high-return areas. A scalable operating model aims to reduce the cost/income

ratio below 60% by 2028, generating € 2 billion annual efficiencies mainly through automation and AI integration.

The strategy guides both short- and long-term goals to ensure they match the pay-for-performance approach .

Short-Term Incentive (STI)

Generally unchanged from 2024 and 2025, the amount of the Short-Term Incentive (STI) for the 2026 financial year will

continue to be 40% of the total target variable compensation and is based on the individual achievement level of short-

and medium-term individual and divisional objectives.

The specific individual objectives of the Short-Term Incentive (STI) for 2026 will be disclosed retrospectively in the 2026

Compensation Report.

Taking investor feedback into account, the Supervisory Board has committed to enhancing ex‑post STI disclosure in the

Management Board Compensation Report 2026 and has put the relevant governance structures in place at the

beginning of this year.

Long-Term Incentive (LTI)

The Long-Term Incentive (LTI) will continue to be 60% of the total target variable compensation and consists of

collective long-term objectives linked to the Bank´s strategy.

For the three-year assessment period 2026 - 2028, the LTI consists of four compensation components, which remain

unchanged from the previous, still ongoing assessment periods 2024 - 2026 and 2025 - 2027.

The objectives for the LTI plan 2026 – 2028 are shown in the following:

384

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the Management Board
Annual Report  2025	Outlook for the 2026 financial year

385

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of Supervisory Board members
Annual Report  2025

Compensation of Supervisory Board members

Supervisory Board compensation is regulated in Section 14 of the Articles of Association and was last amended by

resolution of the General Meeting on May 17, 2023.

The members of the Supervisory Board receive a fixed annual compensation (“Supervisory Board Compensation”). The

amount of the annual base compensation for each Supervisory Board member is € 300,000, for the Supervisory Board

Chairman € 950,000, and for each Deputy Chairperson € 475,000.

Chairs of the committees of the Supervisory Board are paid additional fixed annual compensation amounts as follows:

Committee chair in €
Audit Committee		150,000
Risk Committee		150,000
Technology, Data and Innovation Committee		150,000
Chairman’s Committee		100,000
Nomination Committee		100,000
Compensation Control Committee		100,000
Regulatory Oversight Committee1		100,000
Strategy and Sustainability Committee		100,000
Mediation Committee		—

If a Supervisory Board member is chair of more than one committee, compensation is only paid for the committee

entitled to the highest amount. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board does not receive any additional compensation for

chairing of the committees. Members of the committees do not receive additional compensation.

The compensation determined will be paid to the respective member of the Supervisory Board by, at the latest, two

months after submitting invoices and as a rule within the first three months of the following year. In case of a change in

Supervisory Board membership during the year, compensation for the financial year will be paid on a pro rata basis,

rounded up/down to full months.

The company reimburses the Supervisory Board members for the cash expenses they incur in the performance of their

office, including, to the extent applicable, value added tax (VAT) on their compensation and reimbursements of

expenses. Furthermore, any employer contributions to social security schemes that may be applicable under foreign law

to the performance of their Supervisory Board work is paid for each Supervisory Board member affected. Finally, the

Supervisory Board Chairman is reimbursed appropriately for travel expenses incurred in performing representative tasks

due to his function and reimbursed for costs for the security measures required based on his function.

In the interest of the company, the members of the Supervisory Board are included in an appropriate amount in any

financial liability insurance policy held by the company. The premiums for this are paid by the company. A deductible

does not have to be specified for the members of the Supervisory Board.

With the effectiveness of the compensation system for the Supervisory Board on May 17, 2023, the Supervisory Board

recommends that its members undertake a voluntary self-commitment to invest a total of at least 10% of the gross

annual compensation paid out to them in shares of Deutsche Bank AG and to hold these shares for the duration of their

ongoing term of office.

The Supervisory Board is in agreement that any transfer obligations to labor unions will be taken into account in the

personal decision on the self-imposed personal investment. Supervisory Board members who already hold, as of the day

the voluntary self-commitment is made, a number of Deutsche Bank shares with a countervalue of at least 10% of the

Supervisory Board compensation payable to them for the duration of their current term of office do not have to acquire

any further shares

All shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board and the member representing senior executives on the

Supervisory Board submitted the voluntary self-commitment to the Supervisory Board or held, at the time of submitting

the voluntary self-commitment, shares of Deutsche Bank with a countervalue equivalent to at least 10% of the

Supervisory Board compensation payable to them for the duration of their current term of office.

The individual shareholdings of the members of the Supervisory Board are disclosed in the Corporate Governance

Statement in accordance with Sections 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch (HGB)).

386

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of Supervisory Board members
Annual Report  2025	Supervisory Board Compensation for the 2025 and 2024 financial years

Supervisory Board Compensation for the 2025 and 2024

financial years

Individual members of the Supervisory Board received the following compensation for the 2025 and 2024 financial years

(excluding any value added tax). The table shows the compensation paid and owed to the members of the Supervisory

Board in the 2025 and 2024 financial years pursuant to Section 162 (1) sentence 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act

(AktG). In each case the calculation is rounded up/down to full months.

		Compensation for the financial year 2025
Members of the Supervisory Board		Base compensation				Compensation for chairing of the committees				Total
		in €		in %		in €		in %		in €
Alexander Wynaendts		950,000		100		0		—		950,000
Frank Schulze		475,000		100		0		—		475,000
Prof. Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann		475,000		83		100,000		17		575,000
Susanne Bleidt		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Mayree Clark		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Jan Duscheck		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Manja Eifert		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Claudia Fieber		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Sigmar Gabriel		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Florian Haggenmiller		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Timo Heider		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Dr. Klaus Moosmayer1		175,000		100		0		—		175,000
Kirsty Roth1		175,000		100		0		—		175,000
Gerlinde M. Siebert		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Yngve Slyngstad		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Stephan Szukalski		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
John Alexander Thain		300,000		75		100,000		25		400,000
Jürgen Tögel		300,000		100		0		—		300,000
Michele Trogni		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Dr. Dagmar Valcárcel2		125,000		67		62,500		33		187,500
Dr. Theodor Weimer3		125,000		100		0		—		125,000
Frank Witter		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Total		7,000,000		91		712,500		9		7,712,500

1Member of the Supervisory Board since May 22, 2025

2Member of the Supervisory Board until May 22, 2025. Compensation for chairing of the committees including cash payment pursuant to Section 14 (3) paragraph 1 of the

Articles of Association

3Member of the Supervisory Board until May 22, 2025

All employee representatives on the Supervisory Board, with the exception of Jan Duscheck, Florian Haggenmiller

(member since January 16, 2024), Birgit Laumen (member until January 12, 2024) and Stephan Szukalski, are or were

employed in the 2025 and 2024 financial years by Deutsche Bank Group. In the 2025 financial year, these members were

paid a total amount of € 1.40 million (in the form of salary, retirement and pension payments) in addition to their

Supervisory Board compensation.

Members of the Supervisory Board are not provided any benefits after they have left the Supervisory Board, although

members who are or were employed by the bank are entitled to the benefits associated with the end of such

employment (i.e., not on the basis of their Supervisory Board work). During 2025, € 0.13 million were set aside for

pension, retirement or similar benefits for the members of the Supervisory Board who are or were employed by the bank.

387

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of Supervisory Board members
Annual Report  2025	Supervisory Board Compensation for the 2025 and 2024 financial years

		Compensation for the financial year 2024
Members of the Supervisory Board		Base compensation				Compensation for chairing of the committees				Total
		in €		in %		in €		in %		in €
Alexander Wynaendts		950,000		100		—		—		950,000
Frank Schulze		475,000		100		—		—		475,000
Prof. Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann		475,000		83		100,000		17		575,000
Susanne Bleidt		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Mayree Clark		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Jan Duscheck		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Manja Eifert		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Claudia Fieber		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Sigmar Gabriel		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Florian Haggenmiller1		275,000		100		—		—		275,000
Timo Heider		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Birgit Laumen2		—		—		—		—		0
Gerlinde M. Siebert		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Yngve Slyngstad		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Stephan Szukalski		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
John Alexander Thain		300,000		75		100,000		25		400,000
Jürgen Tögel		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Michele Trogni		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Dr. Dagmar Valcárcel3		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Dr. Theodor Weimer		300,000		100		—		—		300,000
Frank Witter		300,000		67		150,000		33		450,000
Total		6,975,000		90		800,000		10		7,775,000

1Member of the Supervisory Board since January 16, 2024

2Member of the Supervisory Board until January 12, 2024

3Compensation for chairing of the committees including cash payment pursuant to Section 14 (3) paragraph 1 of the Articles of Association

Supervisory Board members whose current term of office began before May 17, 2023, were paid out the virtual shares

they earned on a cumulative basis during the current term of office until May 17, 2023, in February 2024, as reported on

in more detail in the Annual Report 2024.

388

Deutsche Bank	Comparative presentation of compensation and earnings trends
Annual Report  2025

Comparative presentation of compensation and

earnings trends

The following table shows the comparative presentation of the change from year to year in the compensation, in the

earnings of the company and the Group as well as in the average compensation of employees on a full-time equivalent

basis over the last five financial years.

The information on the compensation of the current and former members of the Management Board and Supervisory

Board reflects the individualized statement in the Compensation Report of the paid or owed compensation pursuant to

Section 162 (1) sentence 2 No. 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act. The presentation of the development of the

company’s earnings is to reflect, according to the legal requirements, those of the stand-alone listed company, i.e.,

Deutsche Bank AG. Accordingly, the net income (net loss) of Deutsche Bank AG is used to present earnings within the

meaning of Section 162 (1) sentence 2 No. 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act. As the Management Board

compensation is measured on the basis of Group figures, the earnings figures for the Group are additionally shown for

the comparative presentation. These Group earnings figures are net income (net loss), cost/income ratio and Return on

Tangible Equity (RoTE). For the group of employees for the comparison, the data relevant for Deutsche Bank Group were

used in light of Deutsche Bank’s global workforce. The group of employees for the comparison comprises all of the

employees worldwide of Deutsche Bank Group.

As relevant for compensation determination purposes, the stated financial figures are prepared in accordance with

International Accounting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board ("IASB") and

endorsed by the European Union ("EU").

		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Actual change from 2025 to 2024 in %		Actual change from 2024 to 2023 in %		Actual change from 2023 to 2022 in %		Actual change from 2022 to 2021 in %
1. Company profit development
Net income (net loss) of Deutsche Bank AG (in € m)		6,183		2,883		4,999		5,506		1,919		114		(42)		(9)		187
Net income (net loss) of Deutsche Bank Group (in € m)		6,931		3,366		4,772		5,525		2,365		106		(29)		(14)		134
Cost/income ratio of Deutsche Bank Group (in %)		64.4%		76.3%		75.1%		74.9%		84.6%		(16)		2		0		(11)
Return on Tangible Equity (RoTE) of Deutsche Bank		10.3%		4.7%		7.4%		9.4%		3.8%		122		(38)		(21)		147
2. Average compensation employees
World-wide on a full-time equivalent basis		120,974		122,985		116,713		125,301		120,336		(2)		5		(7)		4
3. Management Board compensation (in € t.)
Current Management Board members
Christian Sewing (member since January 1, 2015)		15,556		4,876		5,010		4,394		3,867		N/M		(3)		14		14
James von Moltke (member since July 1, 2017)		11,217		4,740		4,065		3,783		4,009		137		17		7		(6)
Fabrizio Campelli (member since November 1, 2019)		6,998		4,129		3,909		2,744		2,420		69		6		42		13
Dr. Marcus Chromik (member since May 1 ,2025)		1,903		—		—		—		—		0		0		0		0
Bernd Leukert (member since January 1, 2020)		5,264		3,065		2,990		2,593		2,419		72		3		15		7
Alexander von zur Mühlen (member since August 1, 2020)		6,746		4,133		3,767		3,412		3,157		63		10		10		8
Laura Padovani (member since July 1, 2024)		2,787		1,112		—		—		—		151		0		0		0
Claudio de Sanctis (member since July 1, 2023)		4,540		3,220		1,509		—		—		41		113		0		0

389

Deutsche Bank	Comparative presentation of compensation and earnings trends
Annual Report  2025

		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Actual change from 2025 to 2024 in %		Actual change from 2024 to 2023 in %		Actual change from 2023 to 2022 in %		Actual change from 2022 to 2021 in %
Rebecca Short (member since May 1, 2021)		4,720		2,946		2,674		2,436		1,606		60		10		10		52
Members who left the Management Board during the financial year
Prof. Dr. Stefan Simon (member until April 30, 2025)		5,8731		4,118		3,319		2,488		2,446		43		24		33		2
Olivier Vigneron (member until May 19, 2025)		2,5411		2,679		2,433		1,508		—		(5)		10		61		0
Members who left the Management Board before the financial year
Karl von Rohr (member until October 31, 2023		7,622		2,4251		3,727		3,444		3,235		N/M		(35)		8		6
Christiana Riley (member until May 17, 2023)		—		2		2,673		3,653		3,079		(100)		(100)		(27)		19
Stuart Lewis (member until May 19, 2023)		9,607		388		1,363		2,648		3,079		N/M		(72)		(49)		(14)
Frank Kuhnke (member until 30 April 2021)		734		200		348		1,6261		2,2641		N/M		(43)		(79)		(28)
Werner Steinmüller (member until July 31, 2020)		4,748		134		283		283		3,117		N/M		(53)		0		(91)
Sylvie Matherat (member until July 31, 2019)		13,9461		2,3351		132		134		211		N/M		N/M		(1)		(36)
Garth Ritchie (member until July 31, 2019)		12,6221		1,7901		268		268		2,071		N/M		N/M		0		(87)
Nicolas Moreau (member until Dec 31, 2018)		9,0161		2,7361		286		317		299		N/M		N/M		(10)		6
Dr. Marcus Schenck (member until May 24, 2018)		2,032		—		65		65		65		0		(100)		0		0
John Cryan (member until April 8, 2018)		1,468		4,3821		3,3121		47		47		(67)		32		N/M		0
4. Supervisory Board compensation (in € t.)
Current Supervisory Board members
Alexander Wynaendts (member since May 19, 2022)		950		950		929		496		—		0		2		87		0
Frank Schulze (member since May 17, 2023)		475		475		277		—		—		0		71		0		0
Prof. Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann (member since August 1, 2018)		575		575		565		521		496		0		2		8		5
Susanne Bleidt (member since May 17, 2023)		300		300		175		—		—		0		71		0		0
Mayree Clark (member since May 24, 2018)		450		450		429		429		450		0		5		0		(5)
Jan Duscheck (member since August 2, 2016)		300		300		300		300		271		0		0		0		11
Manja Eifert (member since April 7, 2022)		300		300		258		117		—		0		16		121		0
Claudia Fieber (member since May 17, 2023)		300		300		175		—		—		0		71		0		0
Sigmar Gabriel (member since March 11, 2020)		300		300		258		200		200		0		16		29		0
Florian Haggenmiller (member since January 16, 2024)		300		275		—		—		—		9		0		0		0
Timo Heider (member since May 23, 2013)		300		300		279		308		292		0		8		(9)		5
Dr. Klaus Moosmayer (member since May 22, 2025)		175		—		—		—		—		0		0		0		0

390

Deutsche Bank	Comparative presentation of compensation and earnings trends
Annual Report  2025

		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Actual change from 2025 to 2024 in %		Actual change from 2024 to 2023 in %		Actual change from 2023 to 2022 in %		Actual change from 2022 to 2021 in %
Kirsty Roth (member since May 22, 2025)		175		—		—		—		—		0		0		0		0
Gerlinde Siebert (member since May 17, 2023)		300		300		175		—		—		0		71		0		0
Yngve Slyngstad (member since May 19, 2022)		300		300		258		100		—		0		16		158		0
Stephan Szukalski (member until December 31, 2020; member since May 17, 2023)		300		300		175		—		—		0		71		0		0
John Alexander Thain (member since May 24, 2018)		400		400		317		200		200		0		26		59		0
Jürgen Tögel (member since May 17, 2023)		300		300		175		—		—		0		71		0		0
Michele Trogni (member since May 24, 2018)		450		450		450		450		392		0		0		0		15
Frank Witter (member since May 27, 2021)		450		450		388		300		142		0		16		29		111
Former Supervisory Board members
Dr. Dagmar Valcárcel (member until May 22, 2025)		187		450		450		450		450		(58)		0		0		0
Dr. Theodor Weimer (member until May 22, 2025)		125		300		258		200		200		(58)		16		29		0
Ludwig Blomeyer-Bartenstein (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		125		300		300		0		(100)		(58)		0
Detlef Polaschek (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		188		450		450		0		(100)		(58)		0
Martina Klee (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		83		200		171		0		(100)		(59)		17
Birgit Laumen (member until January 12, 2024)		—		—		175		—		—		0		(100)		0		0
Gabriele Platscher (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		125		300		300		0		(100)		(58)		0
Bernd Rose (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		146		350		321		0		(100)		(58)		9
Stefan Viertel (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		146		321		242		0		(100)		(55)		33
Frank Werneke (member until May 17, 2023)		—		—		125		300		8		0		(100)		(58)		N/M
Dr. Paul Achleitner (member until May 19, 2022)		—		—		—		375		871		0		0		(100)		(57)
Dr. Gerhard Eschelbeck (member until May 19, 2022)		—		—		—		104		217		0		0		(100)		(52)
Henriette Mark (member until March 31, 2022)		—		—		—		63		250		0		0		(100)		(75)
Frank Bsirske (member until October 27, 2021)		—		—		—		—		250		0		0		0		(100)
Gerd Alexander Schütz (member until May 27, 2021)		—		—		—		—		50		0		0		0		(100)

N/M – Not meaningful

1 Including Termination Benefits

391

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Regulatory environment

Compensation of the employees (unaudited)

The content of the 2025 Employee Compensation Report is based on the qualitative and quantitative remuneration

disclosure requirements outlined in Article 450 No. 1 (a) to (j) Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) in conjunction with

Section 16 of the Remuneration Ordinance for Institutions (Institutsvergütungsverordnung – InstVV).

This Compensation Report takes a group-wide view and covers all consolidated entities of the Deutsche Bank Group. In

accordance with regulatory requirements, equivalent reports for 2025 are prepared for BHW Bausparkasse AG classified

as Significant Institution in the meaning of the German Banking Act as well as for other subsidiaries within Deutsche Bank

Group in accordance with local regulatory requirements.

Regulatory environment

Ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements is an overarching consideration in the bank’s Group Compensation

Strategy. The bank strives to be at the forefront of implementing regulatory requirements with respect to compensation

and will continue to maintain a close exchange with its prudential supervisor, the European Central Bank (ECB), to be in

compliance with all existing and new requirements.

As an EU-headquartered institution, Deutsche Bank is subject to the Capital Requirements Regulation/Directive (CRR/

CRD) globally, as transposed into German national law in the German Banking Act and InstVV. These rules are applied to

all of Deutsche Bank subsidiaries and branches world-wide to the extent required in accordance with Section 27 InstVV.

As a Significant Institution within the meaning of the German Banking Act, Deutsche Bank identifies all employees whose

work is deemed to have a material impact on the overall risk profile (Material Risk Takers or MRTs) in accordance with the

criteria stipulated in the German Banking Act and in the Commission Delegated Regulation 2021/923. MRT identification

is performed for Deutsche Bank Group as well as for institutions in the EU at institutional level.

Taking into account more specific sectorial legislation and in accordance with InstVV, some of Deutsche Bank’s

subsidiaries (in particular within the DWS Group) fall under sector specific remuneration rules, such as the Alternative

Investments Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD), the Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferable Securities

Directive (UCITS) and the Investment Firm Directive (IFD) including the applicable local transpositions. MRTs are also

identified in these subsidiaries. Identified employees are subject to the remuneration provisions outlined in the applicable

Guidelines on sound remuneration policies published by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the

European Banking Authority (EBA).

Deutsche Bank takes into account the regulations targeted at employees who engage directly or indirectly with the

bank’s clients, for instance as per the local transpositions of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II – MiFID II.

Accordingly, specific provisions for employees deemed to be Relevant Persons are implemented with a view to ensuring

that they act in the best interest of the bank’s clients.

Where applicable, Deutsche Bank is also subject to specific rules and regulations implemented by local regulators. Many

of these requirements are aligned with the InstVV. However, where variations are apparent, proactive and open

discussions with regulators have enabled the bank to follow the local regulations whilst ensuring that any impacted

employees or locations remain within the bank’s overall Group Compensation Framework. This includes, amongst others,

the compensation structures applied to Covered Employees in the United States under the requirements of the Federal

Reserve Board as well as the requirements related to compensation recovery for executive officers in the event of an

accounting restatement as required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. In any case, the InstVV

requirements are applied as minimum standards globally.

392

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Compensation governance

Compensation governance

Deutsche Bank has a robust governance structure enabling it to operate within the clear parameters of its Compensation

Strategy and Policy. In accordance with the German two-tier board structure, the Supervisory Board governs the

compensation of the Management Board members while the Management Board oversees compensation matters for all

other employees in the Group. Both the Supervisory Board and the Management Board are supported by specific

committees and functions, in particular the Compensation Control Committee (CCC), the Compensation Officer, and the

Senior Executive Compensation Committee (SECC).

In line with their responsibilities, the bank’s control functions as per InstVV are involved in the design and application of

the bank’s remuneration systems, in the identification of MRTs and in determining the total amount of Variable

Compensation. This includes assessing the impact of employees’ behavior and the business-related risks, performance

criteria, granting of remuneration and severances as well as ex-post risk adjustments.

Reward governance structure

1Does not comprise a complete list of Supervisory Board Committees

Compensation Control Committee (CCC)

The Supervisory Board has set up the CCC to support in establishing and monitoring the structure of the compensation

system for the Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG. Furthermore, the CCC monitors the appropriateness

of the compensation systems for the employees of Deutsche Bank Group, as established by the Management Board and

the SECC. The CCC reviews whether the total amount of Variable Compensation is affordable and set in accordance with

the risk, capital and liquidity situation as well as in alignment with the business and risk strategies. Furthermore, the CCC

supports the Supervisory Board in monitoring the bank’s MRT identification process.

Further details, including the composition and the number of meetings held, can be found in the Report of the

Supervisory Board within this Annual Report.

Compensation Officer

The Management Board, in cooperation with the CCC, has appointed a Group Compensation Officer to support the

Supervisory Boards of Deutsche Bank AG and of the bank’s Significant Institutions in Germany in performing their

compensation related duties. The Compensation Officer is involved in the conceptual review, development, monitoring

and application of the employees’ compensation systems, the MRT identification and remuneration disclosures on an

ongoing basis. The Compensation Officer performs all relevant monitoring obligations independently, provides an

assessment on the appropriateness of the design and strategy of the compensation systems for employees at least

annually and regularly supports and advises the CCC.

393

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Compensation governance

Senior Executive Compensation Committee (SECC)

The SECC is a delegated committee established by the Management Board which has the mandate to develop

sustainable compensation principles, to prepare recommendations on Total Compensation levels and to ensure

appropriate compensation governance and oversight. As part of this mandate, the SECC establishes the Compensation

and Benefits Strategy, Policy and corresponding guiding principles, which provide the overarching framework for both

Fixed Pay and Variable Compensation. This includes ensuring that the overall compensation structures are aligned with

regulatory requirements and the bank’s compensation principles. Moreover, using quantitative and qualitative factors,

the SECC assesses Group and divisional performance as a basis for compensation decisions and makes recommendations

to the Management Board regarding the total amount of annual Variable Compensation and its allocation across

business divisions and infrastructure functions.

In order to maintain its independence, only representatives from infrastructure and control functions who are not aligned

to any of the business divisions are members of the SECC. In 2025, the SECC’s membership comprised of the DB AG

Management Board member responsible for Human Resources and the Chief Financial Officer as Co-Chairpersons, the

Head of Compliance, the Head of Human Resources and the Head of Performance & Reward as well as an additional

representative from both Finance and Risk as voting members. The Compensation Officer and an additional

representative from Finance participated as non-voting members. The SECC generally meets on a monthly basis but with

more frequent meetings during the compensation determination process. It held 15 meetings in total with regard to the

compensation process for the performance year 2025.

394

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Compensation and Benefits Strategy

Compensation and Benefits Strategy

Deutsche Bank recognizes that its compensation framework plays a vital role in supporting its strategic objectives. It

enables the bank to attract and retain the individuals required to achieve the bank’s objectives. The Compensation and

Benefits Strategy is built on three core pillars (Principles, Performance and Processes as outlined below) that support the

bank’s global, client-centric business and risk strategy, reinforced by safe and sound compensation practices that

operate within the bank’s profitability, solvency and liquidity position.

395

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Group Compensation Framework

Group Compensation Framework

The compensation framework, generally applicable globally across all regions and business lines, emphasizes an

appropriate balance between Fixed Pay and Variable Compensation – together forming Total Compensation. It aligns

incentives for sustainable performance at all levels of Deutsche Bank whilst ensuring the transparency of compensation

decisions and their impact on shareholders and employees. The underlying principles of Deutsche Bank’s Compensation

Framework are applied to all employees equally and are supported by the key principle ‘equal pay for equal work or work

of equal value’ and the necessity for equal opportunities, irrespective of differences in, e.g., tenure, gender or ethnicity.

Pursuant to CRD and the requirements subsequently adopted in the German Banking Act, Deutsche Bank is subject to a

maximum ratio of 1:1 with regard to fixed-to-variable remuneration components, which was increased to 1:2 for a limited

population with shareholder approval on May 22, 2014 with an approval rate of 95.27%, based on valid votes by 27.68%

of the share capital represented at the Annual General Meeting. The remuneration of employees in control functions as

defined by InstVV (comprising Risk, Compliance and Anti-Financial Crime, Group Audit and the Group Compensation

Officer and his Deputy) is predominately based on Fixed Pay.

According to the bank’s compensation framework, all employees are entitled to individual Variable Compensation. The

standardized Variable Compensation orientation model, which incorporates orientation values determined by division,

profession, and seniority, indicates the average expected Variable Compensation as a percentage of Fixed Pay, thus

ensuring an appropriate balance between Fixed Pay and Variable Compensation.

Fixed Pay is the key and primary compensation element for most employees globally. It is a fixed regular payment based

on transparent and predetermined conditions. It is delivered in the form of base salary and where applicable local

specific fixed pay allowances. Fixed Pay reflects the value of the individual role and function within the organization,

regional and divisional specifics and rewards the factors an employee brings to the organization such as qualification,

skills and experience required for the role in line with remuneration levels in the specific geographic location and level of

responsibility.

Variable Compensation is a discretionary compensation component that reflects Group, Divisional risk-adjusted financial

and non-financial performance as well as individual contributions. It acknowledges that employees contribute to the

success of their Division and the Group as a whole. At the same time, Variable Compensation allows the bank to

differentiate individual contributions and to drive behavior and conduct through an incentive system that can positively

influence culture and the achievement of the bank’s strategic objectives and to apply consequences for falling below the

standards of delivery, behavior and conduct by reducing the Variable Compensation.

In the context of InstVV, severance payments are considered Variable Compensation. The bank’s severance framework

ensures full alignment with the respective InstVV requirements.

Employee benefits are considered Fixed Pay from a regulatory perspective, as they have no direct link to performance or

discretion. They are granted in accordance with applicable local market practices and requirements. Pension expenses

represent the main element of the bank’s benefits portfolio globally.

Total Compensation is made up of defined Fixed Pay, Variable Compensation and is supplemented by benefits.

396

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Employee groups with specific compensation structures

Employee groups with specific compensation structures

For some areas of the bank, compensation structures deviate in some respects from the Group Compensation Framework

outlined above, but within regulatory boundaries.

Postbank units

While executive staff of former Postbank generally follow the remuneration structure of Deutsche Bank, the

compensation for any other staff in Postbank units is based on specific frameworks agreed with trade unions or with the

respective workers’ councils. Where no collective agreements exist, compensation is subject to individual contracts. In

general, non-executive and tariff staff in Postbank units receive Variable Compensation, but the structure and portion of

Variable Compensation can differ between legal entities. Notwithstanding these specific frameworks, Variable

Compensation of Postbank units is subject to the bank’s overarching compensation governance overseen by the SECC.

DWS

DWS asset management entities and employees fall under AIFMD, UCITS or IFD regulation, and only DWS employees

who are deemed to have a material impact on the risk profile of Deutsche Bank Group remain in scope of the bank’s

Group InstVV requirements. DWS has established its own compensation governance, policy, and structures, as well as

Risk Taker identification process in line with its regulatory requirements. These structures and processes are aligned with

InstVV where required but tailored towards the Asset Management business. Pursuant to the ESMA/EBA Guidelines,

DWS’s compensation strategy is designed to ensure an appropriate ratio between Fixed and Variable Compensation.

Generally, DWS applies remuneration rules that are equivalent to the Deutsche Bank Group approach, but use DWS

Group-related parameters, where possible. Notable deviations from the Group Compensation Framework include the use

of share-based instruments linked to DWS shares and fund-linked instruments. These serve to improve the alignment of

employee compensation with DWS’ shareholders’ and investors’ interests

Tariff staff

Tariff staff are either subject to a collective agreement (Tarifvertrag für das private Bankgewerbe und die öffentlichen

Banken), as negotiated between trade unions and employer associations, or subject to agreements as negotiated with

the respective trade unions directly. The remuneration of tariff staff is included in the quantitative disclosures in this

Report.

397

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Determination of performance-based Variable Compensation

Determination of performance-based Variable Compensation

The bank puts a strong focus on its governance related to compensation decision-making processes. A robust set of rule-

based principles for compensation decisions with close links to the performance of both businesses and individuals were

applied.

The total amount of Variable Compensation for any given performance year is derived from an assessment of the bank’s

profitability, solvency, and liquidity position (affordability assessment), Group performance and the performance of

divisions and infrastructure functions in support of achieving the bank’s strategic objectives.

In a first step, Deutsche Bank assesses the bank’s affordability as well as other limitations (such as external financial

goals) to determine what the bank “can” award in line with regulatory and internal requirements. This assessment also

takes into account forward‑looking considerations of the bank’s multi‑year strategic plan including its multi-year capital

plan. In the next step, the bank assesses divisional risk-adjusted performance, i.e., what the bank “should” award in order

to provide an appropriate compensation for contributions to the bank’s success.

The proportion of the Variable Compensation pools related to Group performance, which has a weighting of 25%, is

determined based on the performance of a selected number of Group’s Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), including

Cost/Income Ratio (CIR), Post-Tax Return on Tangible Equity (RoTE), ESG: Environmental - Sustainable Financing and

ESG Investments, Social - Gender Diversity and Governance - Audit Control Risk Management Grade.

When assessing divisional performance, a range of considerations are referenced. Performance is assessed in the context

of financial and – based on Balanced Scorecards – non-financial targets. To ensure that performance is reviewed in its

entirety and that consideration is also given to criteria that are difficult to evaluate with a solely formulaic approach, the

SECC additionally conducts a qualitative review. Following the quantitative calculation of the combined performance

assessed Variable Compensation pools, the SECC will review a set of pre-defined qualitative criteria related to both

financial and non-financial performance and may decide to apply a maximum 10 percentage points up or down overlay

on the divisional performance assessment. The financial targets for front-office divisions are subject to appropriate risk-

adjustment, in particular by referencing the degree of future potential risks to which Deutsche Bank may be exposed, and

the amount of capital required to absorb severe unexpected losses arising from these risks. For the infrastructure

functions, the financial performance assessment is mainly based on the achievement of cost targets. While the allocation

of Variable Compensation to infrastructure functions, and in particular to control functions, depends on both Deutsche

Bank’s overall and their own performance, it is not dependent on the performance of the division(s) that these functions

oversee.

At the level of the individual employee, the Variable Compensation Guiding Principles are established, which detail the

factors and metrics that managers need to take into account when making Variable Compensation decisions. In doing so,

they must fully appreciate the risk-taking activities of individuals to ensure that Variable Compensation allocations are

balanced and risk-taking is not inappropriately incentivized. The factors and metrics to be considered include, but are not

limited to, (i) business delivery (“What”), i.e., quantitative and qualitative financial, risk-adjusted and non-financial

performance metrics, and (ii) behavior (“How”), i.e., culture, conduct and control considerations such as qualitative inputs

from control functions or disciplinary sanctions. Variable Compensation setting recommendations help managers to

translate individual performance (“What” and “How”) into appropriate pay outcomes. Generally, performance is assessed

based on a one-year period. However, for Management Board members of all Significant Institutions, a performance

period of three years is taken into account.

398

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Variable Compensation structure

Variable Compensation structure

The compensation structures are designed to provide a mechanism that promotes and supports long-term performance

of employees and the bank. Whilst a portion of Variable Compensation is paid upfront, these structures require that an

appropriate portion is deferred to ensure alignment to the sustainable performance of the Group. For both parts of

Variable Compensation, Deutsche Bank shares are used as instruments and as an effective way to align compensation

with Deutsche Bank’s sustainable performance and the interests of shareholders.

The bank continues to go beyond regulatory requirements with the scope as well as the amount of Variable

Compensation that is deferred and the minimum deferral periods for certain employee groups. The deferral rate and

period are determined based on the risk categorization of the employee as well as the business unit. Where applicable,

the bank starts to defer parts of Variable Compensation for MRTs where Variable Compensation is set at or above

€ 50,000 or where Variable Compensation exceeds 1/3 of Total Compensation. For non-MRTs, deferrals start at higher

levels of Variable Compensation. MRTs are on average subject to deferral rates in excess of the minimum 40% (60% for

Senior Management) as required by InstVV. For MRTs in Material Business Units (MBU) the bank applies a deferral rate of

at least 50%. The Variable Compensation threshold for MRTs requiring at least 60% deferral is set at € 500,000. Moreover,

for all employees whose Fixed Pay exceeds the amount of € 600,000, the full amount of the Variable Compensation is

deferred.

As detailed in the table below, deferral periods range from three to five years, dependent on employee groups

Overview of 2025 award types (excluding DWS Group)

Award Type		Description		Beneficiaries		Deferral Period		Retention Period		Portion
Upfront: Cash Variable Compensation (VC)		Upfront cash		All eligible employees		N/A		N/A		100% of VC, except employees with deferred awards
Upfront: Equity Upfront Award (EUA)		Upfront equity (linked to Deutsche Bank’s share price over the retention period)		MRTs with VC ≥ € 50,000 or where VC exceeds 1/3 of Total Compensation (TC) Non-MRTs with deferred awards where 2025 TC > € 500,000		N/A		12 months		50% of upfront VC
Deferred: Restricted Incentive Award (RIA)		Deferred cash		All employees with deferred VC		Equal tranche vesting: MRTs: 4 years Senior Mgmt.1: 5 years Non-MRTs: 3 years		N/A		50% of deferred VC
Deferred: Restricted Equity Award (REA)		Deferred equity (linked to Deutsche Bank’s share price over the vesting and retention period)		All employees with deferred VC		Equal tranche vesting: MRTs: 4 years Senior Mgmt.1: 5 years Non-MRTs: 3 years		12 months for MRTs		50% of deferred VC

N/A – Not applicable

1For the purpose of Performance Year 2025annual awards, Senior Management is defined DB AG MB-1 positions; incumbents of MB-2 positions in IB and CB reporting to

Co-Heads of CB and Co-Heads of IB; further individuals with significant business responsibilities; MB members of Significant Institutions in the meaning of the German

Banking Act; respective MB-1 positions with managerial responsibility; for the specific deferral rules for the Management Board of Deutsche Bank AG refer to the

Compensation Report for the Management Board

Employees are not allowed to sell, pledge, transfer or assign a deferred award or any rights in respect to the award. They

may not enter into any transaction having the economic effect of hedging any Variable Compensation, for example

offsetting the risk of price movement with respect to the equity-based award. Compliance, overseen by the

Compensation Officer, monitors that employee trading activity complies with this requirement.

399

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Ex-post risk adjustment of Variable Compensation

Ex-post risk adjustment of Variable Compensation

In line with regulatory requirements relating to ex-post risk adjustment of Variable Compensation, the bank believes that

a long-term view on conduct and performance of its employees is a key element of deferred Variable Compensation. As a

result, under the Management Board’s oversight, all deferred awards are subject to performance conditions and

forfeiture provisions as detailed below.

Overview of Deutsche Bank Group performance conditions and forfeiture provisions of Variable Compensation granted for

Performance Year 2025

1Considering clearly defined and governed adjustments for relevant Profit and Loss items (e.g., business restructurings; impairments of goodwill or intangibles)

2Only applicable to InstVV MRTs in front office divisions

3Other provisions may apply as outlined in the respective plan rules

400

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Compensation decisions for 2025

Compensation decisions for 2025

Year-end considerations and decisions for 2025

All compensation decisions are made within the boundaries of regulatory requirements. These requirements form the

overarching framework for determining compensation at Deutsche Bank. In particular, management must ensure that

compensation decisions are not detrimental to maintaining the bank’s sound capital base and liquidity reserves.

In 2025, Deutsche Bank delivered record financial results despite operating in a global environment marked by persistent

geopolitical uncertainties and macroeconomic challenges. This exceptional performance reflects the continued strength

of the Global Hausbank Strategy.

The bank’s employees delivered sustained business growth, with revenues rising in line with the bank’s goals. This,

combined with continued cost discipline and cumulative impact of the bank’s transformation efforts and operational

efficiencies, enabled Deutsche Bank to maintain strong capital levels while simultaneously increasing capital

distributions to shareholders, including a significant rise in the dividend proposed in respect of 2025. Deutsche Bank’s

2025 compensation decisions reflect its commitment to recognize appropriately the contributions of its employees and

set fair and competitive compensation levels while also maintaining cost discipline, investing further in business growth

and controls, sustaining capital and balance sheet strength, and enabling continued growth in returns to shareholders.

The SECC continuously monitored potential Variable Compensation awards with due consideration to these priorities

throughout the year.

Taking due account of all these factors, the Management Board determined that the bank is in a position to award

Variable Compensation, including a year-end performance-based Variable Compensation pool, of € 2.681 billion for

2025 (2024: € 2.514 billion). The increase of year-end performance-based Variable Compensation reflects the strong

performance across the bank.

The Variable Compensation for the Management Board of Deutsche Bank AG was determined, as always, by the

Supervisory Board in a separate process, but is included in the tables and charts below.

Compensation awards for 2025 – all employees

		2025																		2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)¹		Super- visory Board²		Mana- gement Board3		CB3		IB3		PB3		AM3		Control Func- tions3		Corporate Func- tions3		Group Total		Group Total
Number of employees (full-time equivalent)		20		9		16,601		8,188		23,337		4,835		6,682		30,227		89,879		89,753
Total Compensation		8		82		1,438		2,677		2,459		812		803		2,865		11,136		11,056
Base salary and allowances		8		27		1,059		1,334		1,826		488		646		2,221		7,600		7,606
Pension expenses		—		5		70		70		82		41		46		148		462		474
Fixed Pay according to § 2 InstVV		8		32		1,129		1,403		1,908		529		692		2,369		8,062		8,081
Year-end performance- based Variable Compensation4		—		43		274		1,230		350		241		99		444		2,681		2,514
Other Variable Compensation4		—		2		1		18		27		29		1		3		78		55
Severance payments		—		6		34		26		174		13		11		49		313		405
Variable Pay according to § 2 InstVV		—		51		309		1,274		551		282		111		496		3,072		2,975

1The table may contain marginal rounding differences; FTE (full-time equivalent) as of December 31, 2025; shows remuneration awarded to all employees (including 2025

leavers)

2Supervisory Board represents the Supervisory Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG (they are not considered for the Group Total number of employees); employee

representatives are considered with their compensation for the Supervisory Board role only (their employee compensation is included in the relevant divisional column);

the remuneration for members of the Deutsche Bank AG Supervisory Board is not reflected in the Group Total

3Management Board represents the Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG; IB = Investment Bank; CB = Corporate Bank; PB = Private Bank; AM = Asset

Management (DWS); Control Functions include Chief Risk Office, Group Audit, Compliance and Anti-Financial Crime; Corporate Functions include any Infrastructure

Function which is neither captured as a Control Function nor part of any division

4Year-end performance-based Variable Compensation reflects the newly implemented LTI Plan for Management Board members of Deutsche Bank AG set up for the

performance period 2025-2027, which during the 'transition phase' is shown with the target amount; other Variable Compensation includes other contractual Variable

Compensation commitments such as sign-on awards, retention awards and specific Variable Compensation elements for tariff staff and civil servants; it also includes

fringe benefits and contractually agreed post-contractual non-compete compensation awarded to Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG which are to be

classified as variable remuneration; the table does not include new hire replacement awards for lost entitlements from previous employers (buyouts)

401

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Compensation decisions for 2025

Reported year-end performance-based Variable Compensation and deferral rates year over year – all employees

Deutsche Bank continues to apply deferral structures that go beyond the regulatory minimum, resulting in an overall

deferral rate (all employees including non-MRT population) of 44% in 2025 (compared to 46% in 2024). For the MRT

population only, the deferral rate amounts to 89% (compared to 92% in 2024).

402

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Material Risk Taker compensation disclosure

Material Risk Taker compensation disclosure

On a global basis, 1,522 employees were identified as MRTs according to CRD/InstVV for financial year 2025, compared

to 1,451 employees for 2024. The number of 2025 Group MRTs amounts to 1,287 individuals. Moreover, 298 individuals

were identified at an institutional level (thereof 63 Group MRTs). The remuneration elements for all those MRTs on a

consolidated basis are detailed in the tables below in accordance with Article 450 CRR. Where applicable, the EU REM

tables display the prescribed business lines as per Annex XXXIII of Regulation No 575/2013.

With regard to deferral arrangements and pay-out instruments, 42 MRTs, whose total remuneration amounts to

€ 9.7 million (thereof € 3.3 million variable remuneration including severance payments) benefit from a derogation laid

down in Article 94(3) CRD point (a) and 96 MRTs, whose total remuneration amounts to € 14.3 million (thereof

€ 2.7 million variable remuneration including severance payments) benefit from a derogation laid down in Article 94(3)

CRD point (b).

Remuneration for 2025 - Material Risk Takers (REM 1)

				2025
		in € m. (unless stated otherwise)¹		Super- visory Board²		Manage- ment Board3		Senior Management4		Other Material Risk Takers		Group Total
Fixed Pay		Number of MRTs5		20		9		243		1,102		1,374
		Total Fixed Pay		8		32		175		632		847
		of which: cash-based		8		28		169		599		804
		of which: shares or equivalent ownership interests		—		—		—		—		—
		of which: share-linked instruments or equivalent non-cash instruments		—		—		—		—		—
		of which: other instruments		—		—		—		—		—
		of which: other forms		—		3		6		33		43
Variable Pay		Number of MRTs5		—		9		240		1,061		1,310
		Total Variable Pay6		—		51		190		706		946
		of which: cash-based		—		13		96		362		472
		of which: deferred		—		2		83		264		349
		of which: shares or equivalent ownership interests		—		37		86		343		466
		of which: deferred		—		28		81		264		373
		of which: share-linked instruments or equivalent non-cash instruments		—		—		6		—		6
		of which: deferred		—		—		4		—		4
		of which: other instruments		—		—		2		—		2
		of which: deferred		—		—		2		—		2
		of which: other forms		—		—		—		—		—
		of which: deferred		—		—		—		—		—
		Total Pay		8		82		365		1,338		1,793

1The table may contain marginal rounding differences

2Supervisory Board represents the Supervisory Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG

3Management Board represents the Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG

4Senior Management is defined as Deutsche Bank AG MB-1 positions; incumbents of MB-2 positions in IB and CB reporting to Co-Heads of CB and Co-Heads of IB; further

individuals with significant business responsibilities; MB members of institutions required to identify MRTs at a solo institutional level and respective MB-1 positions with

managerial responsibility

5Beneficiaries only as of December 31, 2025 (HC reported for Supervisory Board and Management Board, FTE reported for the remaining part); therefore, the totals do not

add up to the 1,522 individuals identified as MRTs; shows remuneration awarded to all MRTs (including 2025 leavers)

6Variable Pay includes Deutsche Bank´s year-end performance-based Variable Compensation for 2025, other Variable Compensation and severance payments; it also

includes fringe benefits and contractually agreed post-contractual non-compete compensation awarded to Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG which are

to be classified as variable remuneration, and reflects the newly implemented LTI Plan for Management Board members of Deutsche Bank AG set up for the performance

period 2025-2027, which during the 'transition phase' is shown with the target amount; the table does not include new hire replacement awards for lost entitlements

from previous employers (buyouts)

403

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Material Risk Taker compensation disclosure

Guaranteed variable remuneration and severance payments - Material Risk Takers (REM 2)

		2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)¹		Super- visory Board²		Manage- ment Board3		Senior Management4		Other Material Risk Takers		Group Total
Guaranteed variable remuneration awards
Number of MRTs5		—		—		3		8		11
Total amount		—		—		2		17		19
of which: paid during financial year, not taken into account in bonus cap		—		—		—		8		8
Severance payments awarded in previous periods, paid out during financial year
Number of MRTs5		—		—		—		—		—
Total amount		—		—		—		—		—
Severance payments awarded during financial year
Number of MRTs5		—		1		8		39		48
Total amount6		—		6		4		10		21
of which: paid during financial year		—		3		4		10		16
of which: deferred		—		4		—		—		4
of which: paid during financial year, not taken into account in bonus cap		—		3		4		10		16
of which: highest payment that has been awarded to a single person		—		6		2		1		6

1The table may contain marginal rounding differences

2Supervisory Board represents the Supervisory Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG

3Management Board represents the Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG

4Senior Management is defined as Deutsche Bank AG MB-1 positions; incumbents of MB-2 positions in IB and CB reporting to Co-Heads of CB and Co-Heads of IB; further

individuals with significant business responsibilities; MB members of institutions required to identify MRTs at a solo institutional level and respective MB-1 positions with

managerial responsibility

5Beneficiaries only (HC reported for all categories)

404

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Material Risk Taker compensation disclosure

Deferred remuneration - Material Risk Takers (REM 3)

		2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)¹		Total amount of deferred remuneration awarded for previous performance periods		Of which due to vest in the financial year		Of which vesting in subsequent financial years		Amount of performance adjustment made in the financial year to deferred remuneration that was due to vest in the financial year		Amount of performance adjustment made in the financial year to deferred remuneration that was due to vest in future performance years		Total amount of adjustment during the financial year due to ex post implicit adjustments5		Total amount of deferred remuneration awarded before the financial year actually paid out in the financial year6		Total of amount of deferred remuneration awarded for previous performance period that has vested but is subject to retention periods
Supervisory Board2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Cash-based		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Shares or equivalent ownership interests		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-linked instruments or equivalent non-cash instruments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other instruments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other forms		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Management Board3		106		24		82		—		—		80		24		14
Cash-based		48		11		38		—		—		—		11		—
Shares or equivalent ownership interests		58		14		44		—		—		80		14		14
Share-linked instruments or equivalent non-cash instruments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other instruments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other forms		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Senior management4		460		98		362		—		—		253		98		45
Cash-based		218		47		171		—		—		—		47		—
Shares or equivalent ownership interests		229		49		180		—		—		249		49		44
Share-linked instruments or equivalent non-cash instruments		10		2		8		—		—		4		2		1
Other instruments		3		—		3		—		—		—		—		—
Other forms		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other Material Risk Takers		1,594		393		1,201		—		—		832		392		146
Cash-based		770		191		579		—		—		—		191		—
Shares or equivalent ownership interests		824		202		622		—		—		832		202		146
Share-linked instruments or equivalent non-cash instruments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other instruments		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other forms		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total amount		2,160		516		1,644		—		—		1,165		515		205

1The table may contain marginal rounding differences

2Supervisory Board represents the Supervisory Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG

3Management Board represents the Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG

4Senior Management is defined as Deutsche Bank AG MB-1 positions; incumbents of MB-2 positions in IB and CB reporting to Co-Heads of CB and Co-Heads of IB; further

individuals with significant business responsibilities; MB members of institutions required to identify MRTs at a solo institutional level and respective MB-1 positions with

managerial responsibility

5Changes of value of deferred remuneration due to the changes of prices of instruments

6Defined as remuneration awarded before the financial year which vested in the financial year (including where subject to a retention period)

405

Deutsche Bank	Compensation of the employees (unaudited)
Annual Report  2025	Material Risk Taker compensation disclosure

Remuneration of high earners – Material Risk Takers (REM 4)

		2025		2024
in €		Number of individuals		Number of individuals
Total Pay1
1,000,000 to 1,499,999		339		331
1,500,000 to 1,999,999		123		125
2,000,000 to 2,499,999		71		59
2,500,000 to 2,999,999		32		48
3,000,000 to 3,499,999		31		25
3,500,000 to 3,999,999		16		14
4.000,000 to 4,499,999		8		6
4,500,000 to 4,999,999		9		5
5,000,000 to 5,999,999		7		9
6,000,000 to 6,999,999		4		3
7,000,000 to 7,999,999		4		12
8,000,000 to 8,999,999		4		3
9,000,000 to 9,999,999		6		3
10,000,000 to 10,999,999		1		3
11,000,000 to 11,999,999		2		—
17,000,000 to 17,999,999		—		1
18,000,000 to 18,999,999		1		—
Total		658		647

1Includes all components of Fixed Pay and Variable Compensation (including severances); buyouts are not included

In total, 658 MRTs received a Total Pay of € 1 million or more for 2025. The number of MRT high earners remains

essentially flat compared to 2024.

Compensation awards 2025 – Material Risk Takers (REM 5)

		Management Body Remuneration						Business Areas
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)¹		Super- visory Board2		Manage- ment Board2		Total Manage- ment Body		Invest- ment Banking2		Retail Banking2		Asset Manage- ment2		Corporate Functions2		Control Functions2		Total
Total number of Material Risk Takers3																		1374
of which: Management Body		20		9		29		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
of which: Senior Management4		N/A		N/A		N/A		34		87		6		78		38		243
of which: Other Material Risk Takers		N/A		N/A		N/A		634		251		1		114		102		1,102
Total Pay of Material Risk Takers		8		82		90		1,147		292		21		167		76		1,793
of which: variable pay5		—		51		51		644		143		12		78		20		946
of which: fixed pay		8		32		40		504		149		10		89		56		847

1The table may contain marginal rounding differences

2Supervisory Board represents the Supervisory Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG, Management Board represents the Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank

AG; Investment Banking = Investment Bank; Retail Banking = Private Bank and Corporate Bank; Asset Management = Asset Management (DWS); Control Functions

include Chief Risk Office, Group Audit, Compliance and Anti-Financial Crime; Corporate Functions include any Infrastructure Function which is neither captured as a

Control Function nor part of any division

3HC as of December 31, 2025 reported for Supervisory Board and Management Board, FTE as of December 31, 2025 reported for the remaining part; therefore, the totals

do not add up to the 1,522 individuals identified as MRTs; shows remuneration awarded to all MRTs (including 2025 leavers)

4Senior Management is defined as Deutsche Bank AG MB-1 positions; incumbents of MB-2 positions in IB and CB reporting to Co-Heads of CB and Co-Heads of IB; further

individuals with significant business responsibilities; MB members of institutions required to identify MRTs at a solo institutional level and respective MB-1 positions with

managerial responsibility

5Variable Pay includes Deutsche Bank´s year-end performance-based Variable Compensation for 2025, other Variable Compensation and severance payments; it also

includes fringe benefits and contractually agreed post-contractual non-compete compensation awarded to Management Board Members of Deutsche Bank AG which are

to be classified as variable remuneration, and reflects the newly implemented LTI Plan for Management Board members of Deutsche Bank AG set up for the performance

period 2025-2027, which during the 'transition phase' is shown with the target amount; the table does not include new hire replacement awards for lost entitlements

from previous employers (buyouts)

406

Deutsche Bank	Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code
Annual Report 2025

4-Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and

315d of the German Commercial Code

407	Compliance with German Corporate Governance Code
410	Management Board
418	Supervisory Board
435	Related Party Transactions
435	Value and leadership principles of Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group
436	Principal accountant fees and services

 

407

Deutsche Bank	Compliance with German Corporate Governance Code
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

408

Deutsche Bank	Compliance with German Corporate Governance Code
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

409

Deutsche Bank	Compliance with German Corporate Governance Code
Annual Report 2025

All information presented in this Corporate Governance Statement according to Sections 289f and 315d of the German

Commercial Code is as of February 6, 2026.

410

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Procedures of the Management Board

Management Board

Procedures of the Management Board

Pursuant to its legal form as a German stock corporation, Management Board, Supervisory Board and Shareholders’

Meeting are the corporate bodies of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft. Information on the composition of the

Supervisory Board is provided in the section “Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of

Requirements, diversity concept and status of implementation”. The Shareholders’ Meeting elects the shareholder

representatives on the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board appoints the members of the Management Board and

supervises the management.

Deutsche Bank’s Management Board is responsible for the management of the company in accordance with the law, its

Articles of Association and the Terms of Reference for the Management Board with the objective of creating sustainable

value in the interests of the company. It considers the interests of shareholders, employees, and other company-related

stakeholders. The members of the Management Board are collectively responsible for managing the bank’s business

including Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) aspects. The Management Board, as the Group Management

Board, manages Deutsche Bank Group in accordance with uniform guidelines; it exercises general control over all Group

companies.

The Management Board decides on all matters prescribed by law and the Articles of Association and ensures adherence

to the legal requirements and internal guidelines (compliance). It also takes the necessary measures to ensure that

adequate internal guidelines are developed and implemented. The Management Board's responsibilities include, in

particular, the bank’s strategic management and direction, the allocation of resources, financial accounting and

reporting, control and risk management, the proper functioning of the business organization, the systematic

identification and assessment of the environmental and social impacts of the company’s operations as well as corporate

control. The Management Board decides on the appointments to the senior management level below the Management

Board and, in particular, on the appointment of Global Key Function Holders. When appointing executives to

management functions in the Group, the Management Board takes diversity into account and strives, in particular, to

achieve an appropriate representation of women. The Management Board works closely together with the Supervisory

Board in a cooperative relationship of trust and for the benefit of the company. The Management Board reports to the

Supervisory Board at a minimum within the scope prescribed by law or administrative guidelines, in particular on all

issues with relevance for the Group concerning strategy, the intended business policy, planning, business development,

risk situation, risk management, staff development, reputation and compliance.

A comprehensive presentation of the duties, responsibilities and procedures of our Management Board is specified in its

Terms of Reference, the current version of which is available on our website (www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm).

Sustainability

The Management Board exercises oversight of the double materiality assessment process to identify material topics and

manage material impacts, risks, and opportunities in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772

of July 31, 2023 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards to the

European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). To ensure adequate oversight of the results of the double

materiality assessment, Deutsche Bank has implemented a comprehensive sign-off process involving senior managers

and established governance bodies. Initially, Senior Certifying Officers formally signed off on the evaluation results for

material topics within their remit. Subsequently, the bank’s Group Sustainability Committee, which serves as the primary

governance and decision-making body for sustainability-related matters, approved the final set of material topics.

Finally, the results of the double materiality assessment were presented to the Management Board for approval

The results of the double materiality assessment were also presented to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board.

411

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Procedures of the Management Board

Business allocation plan

Notwithstanding the principle of collective responsibility, the Management Board’s Business Allocation Plan has

allocated individual members responsibility for specific functional area(s) and thus ensures a segregation of duties within

the whole organization up to the Management Board. Management Board members are responsible for delegating their

duties to subordinate levels of hierarchy and for clearly assigning responsibilities within their own area(a) of functional

responsibility. Such delegation is necessary for the proper functioning of the business organization and does not impact

the responsibility of Management Board members to adequately oversee delegated duties and tasks. Each individual

with delegated responsibilities is responsible for providing adequate information up to the Management Board to enable

it to execute its collective responsibilities.

Training of the Management Board

In order to fulfil the requirements for professional suitability, an ongoing system of Management Board training takes

place regularly throughout the year. This also covers Environmental, Social and Governance issues, along with numerous

topic areas in connection with law, compliance, anti-financial crime, data management, risk management and human

resources.

412

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Management Board committees

Management Board committees

The Management Board prefers to rely on individually accountable senior managers rather than committees where

possible and therefore it generally only establishes committees for issues that require joint decision-making. For certain

overarching topics the Management Board has established the following committees and has delegated certain

decision-making authority to them for each of the following topics:

413

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Personnel changes to the Management Board and the current members of the Management Board

Personnel changes to the Management Board and the current

members of the Management Board

The Management Board of Deutsche Bank AG is made up of ten “Executives”. All Management Board members have a

contract of service (Dienstvertrag) with Deutsche Bank AG.

In the year ended December 31, 2025, the following members of the Management Board were appointed for a three-year

period:

–Dr. Marcus Chromik with effect from May 1, 2025

–Raja Akram with effect from January 1, 2026

The following members left the Management Board:

–Professor Dr. Stefan Simon as of April 30, 2025

–Olivier Vigneron as of May 19, 2025

The following information is provided on the current members of the Management Board, including the year in which

they were born, year in which they were first appointed and year in which their term expires as well as their current

positions and areas of responsibility according to the current Business Allocation Plan for the Management Board. Also

specified are their other board mandates or directorships outside of Deutsche Bank Group as well as all memberships in

legally prescribed supervisory boards or other comparable domestic or foreign supervisory bodies of commercial

enterprises. Listed companies are marked with an “*”. The Terms of Reference for the Management Board specify that

the members of the Management Board generally should not accept the chair of supervisory boards of companies

outside Deutsche Bank Group.

Christian Sewing

Year of birth: 1970

First appointed: 2015

Term expires: 2029

Christian Sewing became a member of the Management Board on January 1, 2015, and Chief Executive Officer on April

8, 2018. He is responsible on the Management Board for Corporate Affairs & Strategy as well as Sustainability, Research

and Group Audit and since May 1, 2025, for Legal. From May 1 until August 1, 2025, he was responsible for Group

Governance.

Prior to assuming his role on the Management Board, Mr. Sewing was Global Head of Group Audit and held a number of

positions before that in Risk, including Deputy Chief Risk Officer (from 2012 to 2013) and Chief Credit Officer (from 2010

to 2012) of Deutsche Bank.

From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Sewing was a member of the Management Board of Deutsche Genossenschafts-

Hypothekenbank.

Before graduating with a diploma from the Bankakademie Bielefeld and Hamburg, Mr. Sewing completed a bank

apprenticeship at Deutsche Bank in 1989.

Mr. Sewing does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

414

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Personnel changes to the Management Board and the current members of the Management Board

James von Moltke

Year of birth: 1969

First appointed: 2017

Term expires: 2026

James von Moltke became a member of the Management Board on July 1, 2017, and President as of March 25, 2022. He is

Chief Financial Officer and in this function he is responsible for Finance, Group Tax, Treasury and Investor Relations. He will

step down as Chief Financial Officer on March 15, 2026. In July 2023, he took on responsibility for Asset Management (DWS).

Before Mr. von Moltke joined Deutsche Bank, he served as Treasurer of Citigroup. He started his career at the investment

bank Credit Suisse First Boston in London in 1992. In 1995, he joined J.P. Morgan, working at the bank for 10 years in New

York and Hong Kong. He then worked at Morgan Stanley in New York for four years, where he led the Financial Technology

Advisory team globally. Mr. von Moltke joined Citigroup as Head of Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) in 2009 and

three years later became the Global Head of Financial Planning.

He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from New College, University of Oxford.

Mr. von Moltke does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

Raja Akram

Year of birth: 1972

First appointed: 2026

Term expires: 2028

Raja Akram became a member of the Management Board on January 1, 2026, and will assume the role of Chief Financial

Officer in March 2026.

He joined Deutsche Bank on October 1, 2025 as Chief Financial Officer Designate. Prior to joining Deutsche Bank, Raja

Akram was Deputy Chief Financial Officer at Morgan Stanley, overseeing Global Controllers and Regional Finance in

addition to other critical Finance functions. He was a member of the firm’s management committee and served on the

Supervisory Board of Morgan Stanley Europe.

Before joining Morgan Stanley, Raja Akram held senior roles at Citigroup from 2006 to 2020 including Controller & Chief

Accounting Officer, CFO of Treasury & Trade Solutions and CFO of Citi Brazil. Prior to Citigroup he worked as a director

for Accounting Policy & Research at Fitch Ratings, and as a senior manager in the KPMG national office.

Raja Akram holds an M.S. in Accounting and a B.B.A. in Finance & Accounting from Texas A&M University. He has also

served as Adjunct Professor at the Fashion Institute of Technology and Texas A&M University.

Mr. Akram does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

Fabrizio Campelli

Year of birth: 1973

First appointed: 2019

Term expires: 2028

Fabrizio Campelli became a member of the Management Board on November 1, 2019. He is responsible for the

Corporate Bank and the Investment Bank and has also been responsible for the bank’s UK & Ireland region and the

Americas region since May 1, 2025.

From November 2019 to April 2021, he was the Management Board member responsible for transformation, as Chief

Transformation Officer, and for Human Resources. He previously spent four years as the Global Head of Deutsche Bank

Wealth Management. Before that, he was Head of Strategy & Organizational Development as well as Deputy Chief

Operating Officer for Deutsche Bank Group.

He joined Deutsche Bank in 2004 after working at McKinsey & Company in the firm’s London and Milan offices, focusing

on strategic assignments mainly for global financial institutions.

He holds an MBA from MIT Sloan School of Management and a Business Administration degree from Bocconi University in Milan.

Mr. Campelli does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

415

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Personnel changes to the Management Board and the current members of the Management Board

Dr. Marcus Chromik

Year of birth: 1972

First appointed: 2025

Term expires: 2028

Dr. Marcus Chromik became a member of the Management Board on May 1, 2025. Since May 20, 2025, he has acted as Chief

Risk Officer and is responsible for managing Credit Risk, Market Risk, Treasury Risk, Liquidity Risk, Enterprise Risk and

Operational Risk Management.

He joined Deutsche Bank on March 1, 2025. Dr. Chromik possesses a wealth of experience in the risk management field within

banks, most recently as non-executive director and member of the Board of Directors and Risk Committee at UniCredit in Milan.

From July 2009 to December 2023, he worked at Commerzbank in Frankfurt am Main, serving as Chief Risk Officer and member

of the Management Board from January 2016.

From March 2004 to June 2009, Dr. Marcus Chromik held several leadership positions at Deutsche Postbank AG, including Head

of Risk Controlling, Head of Primary Capital Markets, and Head of Liquidity Management and Credit Treasury.

He began his professional career in 2001 at McKinsey & Company in Hamburg.

Dr. Chromik studied physics at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and received his Ph.D. in nuclear physics there in 2001.

Dr. Chromik does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

Bernd Leukert

Year of birth: 1967

First appointed: 2020

Term expires: 2026

Bernd Leukert became a member of the Management Board on January 1, 2020. He is Chief Technology, Data and

Innovation Officer and is responsible for the Chief Information Office for the Infrastructure areas and the business

divisions, as well as for the Chief Technology Office, the Chief Security Office and Chief Innovation Office. He is also

responsible for Data Governance and Oversight as well as for Cloud Transformation.

He joined Deutsche Bank on September 1, 2019. He previously worked for many years at SAP SE, the global software

company. He joined SAP in 1994 and held various management positions. From 2014 to 2019, he was responsible for

product development and innovations as well as the Digital Business Services division on the Executive Board.

Mr. Leukert studied Industrial Engineering and Management at the University of Karlsruhe and at Trinity College Dublin,

graduating in 1994 with a Master’s Degree in Business Administration.

He is member of the Supervisory Board of Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA

Alexander von zur Mühlen

Year of birth: 1975

First appointed: 2020

Term expires: 2026

Alexander von zur Mühlen became a member of the Management Board on August 1, 2020. Since July 2023, he has been

the CEO for Asia-Pacific, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and Germany.

Mr. von zur Mühlen joined Deutsche Bank in 1998 and over the years has held a range of management roles in London

and Frankfurt across infrastructure and business divisions. From 2018 to 2020, he was responsible for the Group’s

strategic development and was the advisor to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Before that, he served as Co-Head of

Global Capital Markets, with a regional focus on Asia-Pacific and Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA). From 2009

to 2017, he was Group Treasurer.

Alexander von zur Mühlen holds a Diploma in Business Administration from the Berlin School of Economics and Law in Berlin.

Mr. von zur Mühlen does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

416

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Personnel changes to the Management Board and the current members of the Management Board

Laura Padovani

Year of birth: 1966

First appointed: 2024

Term expires: 2027

Laura Padovani became a member of the Management Board on July 1, 2024. She is Chief Compliance and Anti-Financial

Crime Officer. Since August 1, 2025, she has also been responsible for Group Governance.

Ms. Padovani joined Deutsche Bank in April 2023 as Group Chief Compliance Officer and Head of Compliance. Prior to

joining the bank, Ms. Padovani was Group Chief Compliance Officer at Barclays and previously spent 20 years at

American Express. She has extensive international experience and proven leadership expertise in global, regional, and

business Compliance functions.

Laura Padovani holds a Masters in Law from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a Law Degree

from University of Buenos Aires.

Ms. Padovani does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

Claudio de Sanctis

Year of birth: 1972

First appointed: 2023

Term expires: 2029

Claudio de Sanctis became a member of the Management Board on July 1, 2023. He is Head of the Private Bank.

Mr. de Sanctis has been responsible for the International Private Bank since it was established in June 2020, when he was

also appointed Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA). He had previously been

Global Head of Deutsche Bank Wealth Management since November 2019 after joining Deutsche Bank in December

2018 as Head of Deutsche Bank Wealth Management Europe. In addition, he was also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

of Deutsche Bank AG (Schweiz) from February to December 2019.

Before joining Deutsche Bank, he was Head of Private Banking, Europe, at Credit Suisse, where he started in 2013 as

Market Area Head Southeast Asia for Private Banking. Before that, he had spent seven years at UBS Wealth Management

Europe, most recently as Market Head Iberia and Nordics.

Earlier in his career he was at Barclays as Head of the Key Clients Unit Europe in Private Banking focusing on Ultra-High-

Net-Worth (UHNW) clients. He also worked at Merrill Lynch Private Wealth Management in Europe, the Middle East and

Africa (EMEA).

He holds a BA degree in Philosophy from La Sapienza University of Rome.

Mr. de Sanctis does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

Rebecca Short

Year of birth: 1974

First appointed: 2021

Term expires: 2027

Rebecca Short became a member of the Management Board on May 1, 2021, and Chief Operating Officer on June 1, 2023. Her

responsibilities include Human Resources as well as the bank’s transformation. Until May 2023, she was Chief Transformation

Officer.

She previously spent almost six years within Finance as Head of Group Planning & Performance Management.

She joined Deutsche Bank on its graduate program in Auckland in 1998. She moved to London in 2000, where she spent 13 years

in Risk in a variety of roles, primarily in Credit Risk Management, latterly as European Head of Corporates. In 2013, she moved to a

senior central management role in Audit, where she spent two years.

She has a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degree in Finance & Accounting from the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Ms. Short does not have any external directorships subject to disclosure.

417

Deutsche Bank	Management Board
Annual Report 2025	Share ownership of Management Board members

Share ownership of Management Board members

The information on the share ownership of the Management Board can be found in the Compensation Report of the

Annual Report 2025.

418

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025

Supervisory Board

The Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG consists of 20 members – 10 Supervisory Board members are shareholder

representatives elected by the General Meeting, and 10 Supervisory Board members are employee representatives

elected by the delegates of employees in Germany entitled to elect them. All Supervisory Board members have the

same obligation to act in the interests of the company and perform their Supervisory Board mandate in the interests of

Deutsche Bank AG. The internal organization of the Supervisory Board and its committees as well as the requirements

for its members are subject not only to the regulations of the German Banking Act (Kreditwesengesetz (KWG)) and the

recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code, but also to specific supervisory requirements. Such

requirements are founded on, among other things, the German Banking Act (KWG), the Remuneration Ordinance for

Institutions (Institutsvergütungsverordnung (InstitutsVergV)), the guidelines of the European Banking Authority (EBA)

and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the administrative practices of the European Central Bank

as the bank´s prudential supervisory authority. In individual cases, the regulatory requirements may diverge from the

recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code (see Section “Inapplicable Code recommendations due

to the precedence of statutory provisions”).

The Supervisory Board appoints and dismisses the members of the Management Board, supervises and advises the

Management Board and is directly involved in decisions of fundamental importance to the bank. Supervision and

advice also include, in particular, sustainability issues. Pursuant to the requirements of the German Banking Act (KWG),

the Supervisory Board oversees the Management Board, also with regard to its adherence to the applicable prudential

supervisory requirements. The Supervisory Board works together closely with the Management Board in a cooperative

relationship of trust and for the benefit of the company. Measures to be performed by the management may not be

transferred to the Supervisory Board.

The types of business that require the approval of the Supervisory Board to be transacted are specified in Section 13

(1) of the Articles of Association of Deutsche Bank AG. These include the granting of general powers of attorney, the

acquisition or disposal of real estate (if the object value exceeds € 500 million) as well as the granting of loans,

including the acquisition of participations in other companies for which approval of a credit institution’s supervisory

body is required under the German Banking Act (KWG) or other participations (if the object value exceeds € 1 billion).

Furthermore, the Supervisory Board may specify additional transactions that require its approval. Within statutory

limits, the Supervisory Board may also delegate decisions on issuing its approval to a committee, in order to increase

efficiency.

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Annual Report 2025	Procedures of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Procedures of the Supervisory Board and its committees

The working procedures of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG are supported by the expertise of its members,

as well as an efficient distribution of tasks and coordination.

From among its members and in accordance with regulatory requirements for banks, the Supervisory Board has

established eight standing committees: the Chairman’s Committee; Nomination Committee; Audit Committee; Risk

Committee; Compensation Control Committee; Strategy and Sustainability Committee; Technology, Data and

Innovation Committee; and Mediation Committee. The Regulatory Oversight Committee was dissolved with effect

from May 22, 2025. The responsibilities, tasks and procedures of the Supervisory Board committees are set out in their

respective terms of reference and briefly summarized here:

Chairman’s Committee: The Chairman’s Committee handles, in particular, the preparations for the Supervisory Board

meetings, Management Board and Supervisory Board matters, as well as topics relating to corporate governance. It

also supports the Supervisory Board in the preparation of decisions by the Supervisory Board on the appointment and

dismissal of members of the Management Board, including long-term succession planning for the Management Board,

while taking into account the recommendations of the Nomination Committee.

Nomination Committee: The Nomination Committee supports the Supervisory Board, in particular, in identifying

candidates to fill a position on the Management Board and Supervisory Board and in the assessment to be performed

regularly of the structure, size, composition and performance of the Management Board and of the Supervisory Board.

It supports the promotion of talent development and diversity with a special focus on succession planning for the

Management Board and draws up an objective to promote the under-represented gender on the Supervisory Board as

well as a strategy for achieving this.

Audit Committee: The Audit Committee supports the Supervisory Board, in particular, in monitoring the financial

reporting process, the effectiveness of the risk management system (internal control system and internal audit), the

auditing of the financial statements, including the auditor’s independence and the additional services provided by the

auditor, as well as the monitoring of other audit-relevant matters. It also supports the Supervisory Board in monitoring

the Management Board’s prompt remediation, through suitable measures, of deficiencies identified by internal and

external auditors. The Management Board informs the Audit Committee on an ongoing basis about special procedures,

substantial complaints and other exceptional measures on the part of German and foreign regulatory authorities.

Risk Committee: The Risk Committee advises the Supervisory Board in all matters relating to the current and future

overall risk appetite and strategy and supports the Supervisory Board in monitoring the implementation of this

strategy by the senior management level. The Risk Committee monitors whether the conditions in the client business

are in line with the company’s business model and risk structure. It reviews whether the incentives set by the

compensation system take into consideration the bank’s risk, capital and liquidity structure as well as the likelihood

and maturity of earnings, taking into account retention risk. The Risk Committee also supports the Supervisory Board

in monitoring the litigation cases with the highest risks and analyzing the legal and reputational risks that are material

to the bank.

Compensation Control Committee: The Compensation Control Committee handles compensation topics. It supports

the Supervisory Board, in particular, in the appropriate structuring of the compensation systems for the Management

Board and monitors the appropriate structuring of the compensation systems for employees. It prepares the

Supervisory Board’s resolutions on the compensation of the Management Board members and reviews the use and

effectiveness of measures available in the compensation system for dealing with breaches of legal regulations as well

as internal and external rules, policies and procedures. The Compensation Control Committee and the Risk Committee

work together and conduct joint meetings. The Compensation Control Committee is advised by the Compensation

Officer and, if required, by external consultants.

Regulatory Oversight Committee: The Regulatory Oversight Committee was dissolved with effect from May 22, 2025.

Within the framework of its organizational autonomy, the Supervisory Board may dissolve committees as long as there

are no obligatory banking regulatory requirements to the contrary. The aim in dissolving the Committee was a more

comprehensive and bundled monitoring of the topics related to improving the control systems and resilience of the

bank. The Supervisory Board delegated individual tasks of the Regulatory Oversight Committee to the Audit

Committee, Risk Committee or Compensation Control Committee, or took them back itself.

Strategy and Sustainability Committee: The Strategy and Sustainability Committee supports the Supervisory Board in

fulfilling its monitoring function relating to the bank’s strategy, including the Environmental, Social and Governance

(ESG) strategy and sustainability issues. It advises and monitors the Management Board with regard to the definition of

the bank’s business strategies aligned to the sustainable development of the bank and the establishment of processes

for planning, implementing, assessing and adjusting these strategies.

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Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Procedures of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Technology, Data and Innovation Committee: The Technology, Data and Innovation Committee supports the

Supervisory Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to the bank’s technology, data and innovation

environment. It advises and monitors the Management Board with regard to the adequate technical and organizational

resources and the definition of an adequate plan for the bank’s IT systems, IT strategy, information security

management, cyber and IT risks, as well as the data strategy and governance.

Mediation Committee: The Mediation Committee submits proposals to the Supervisory Board on the appointment or

dismissal of members of the Management Board in cases where the Supervisory Board is unable to reach a two-thirds

majority decision. The Mediation Committee only meets if necessary.

All terms of reference are reviewed and updated by the Supervisory Board on an ad hoc basis (for example, upon

changes in laws or regulatory requirements), but at least once annually. They are published on the website of

Deutsche Bank AG (www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm) in their currently applicable versions.

The number of meetings and their execution are specified along with details on the work of the Supervisory Board and

its committees in the Report of the Supervisory Board, which is part of the Annual Report.

In accordance with regulatory requirements, the Supervisory Board produced and adopted position descriptions with

candidate profiles for the roles as member of the Supervisory Board and as Chairman of the Supervisory Board and the

chairpersons of its committees. It also issued – in accordance with regulatory requirements – a Suitability Guideline,

which sets out the principles for the selection, succession planning and re-appointment/re-election of the members of

the management bodies as well as the criteria and the procedure for assessing individual and collective suitability.

Induction, training and diversity guidelines are also component parts of the Suitability Guideline in accordance with

regulatory requirements. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board issued a Profile of Requirements (see Section:

“Objectives for the Composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of Requirements/Profile of Requirements for the

Supervisory Board”). In addition, the Supervisory Board has Guidelines for the Assessment of the Independence of its

members and a Guidelines for Handling Conflicts of Interests. These documents are also reviewed and updated by the

Supervisory Board on an ad hoc basis, but at least once annually.

The Supervisory Board receives reports from the Management Board within the scope prescribed by law or

administrative guidelines, in particular on all issues of relevance for the Group concerning strategy, intended business

policy, planning, business development, risk situation, risk management, staff development, reputation and

compliance. Furthermore, Group Audit informs the Audit Committee of any deficiencies identified regularly and – in

the case of severe deficiencies – without undue delay. In addition, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board is informed

of serious findings relating to the members of the Management Board. The Supervisory Board and Management Board

adopted an Information Regime, along with a general engagement (interaction) protocol that also covers regulatory

topics. These regulate not only the reporting to the Supervisory Board, but also, among other things, the Supervisory

Board’s enquiries and requests for information from employees of the company as well as the exchange of information

in connection with preparations for the meetings and between the meetings.

The Supervisory Board meets regularly also without the Management Board. This also applies to its committees. In

addition, the representatives of the employees and the representatives of the shareholders regularly conduct

preliminary discussions separately.

The Chairman of the Supervisory Board plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the Supervisory Board, also in

accordance with the specific regulatory requirements, and has a leadership role in this. He can issue internal guidelines

and principles concerning the Supervisory Board’s internal organization and communications, the coordination of the

work within the Supervisory Board and the Supervisory Board’s interaction with the Management Board. The Chairman

of the Supervisory Board engages in investor discussions on Supervisory Board-related topics when necessary and

regularly informs the Supervisory Board of the substance of such discussions. These also cover Environmental, Social

and Governance (ESG) topics. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board is the contact partner on the Supervisory Board

for the bank’s regulatory authorities, with whom he engages in several discussions over the course of a financial year.

Between meetings, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and, to the extent expedient, the chairpersons of the

Supervisory Board committees maintain regular contact with the members of the Management Board, especially with

the Chairman of the Management Board, and deliberate with them, among other things, on issues of Deutsche Bank

Group’s strategy, planning, the development of its business, risk situation, risk management, risk controlling,

governance, compliance, compensation systems, IT, data and digitalization, sustainability as well as material litigation

cases. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board and – within their respective functional responsibility – the chairpersons

of the Supervisory Board committees are informed without delay by the Chairman of the Management Board or by the

respectively responsible Management Board member about important events of material significance for the

assessment of the situation, development and management of Deutsche Bank Group. The Chairman of the Audit

Committee also conducts regular discussions with the auditor outside the meetings. Furthermore, some of the

chairpersons of the Supervisory Board committees also engage in discussions with the bank’s regulatory authorities.

421

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Procedures of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Induction and training events

For each newly elected or appointed Supervisory Board member, individualized induction and training sessions are

organized based on their knowledge and skills, while taking into consideration possible recommendations of the

Nomination Committee, in order to help them get started in the new position. The induction events also serve as an

introduction to the bank, its Management Board, selected senior managers, the auditor and Group Audit. Through

additional customized training sessions, the new member’s individual knowledge is expanded and enriched. The

Nomination Committee regularly receives reports on the progress and participation in these training sessions.

In addition, regular training sessions are conducted for the entire Supervisory Board on current topics. Details on this are

provided in the Report of the Supervisory Board.

Succession planning and diversity

Pursuant to the German Banking Act (KWG) the members of the Management Board must be professionally suitable and

reliable and devote sufficient time to their tasks. The Supervisory Board assesses the qualifications of the individual

members as well as the qualification of the Management Board as a whole (collective suitability). In this connection

diversity of backgrounds and mindsets plays an important role as well as gender, nationality and age. The Nomination

Committee supports the Supervisory Board in identifying suitable internal and external candidates to fill a position on

the bank’s Management Board while taking into account the applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. For this,

the Committee has developed a position description with a candidate profile and a statement of the related time

commitment for a Management Board member as well as questionnaires for the assessment of the knowledge, reliability

and time availability. The Nomination Committee and Supervisory Board regularly receive reports from the Management

Board on internal candidates for succession planning (“talent pipeline”) and the process from the perspective of the

Management Board. The members of the Supervisory Board have opportunities to meet selected senior managers at the

meetings of the Supervisory Board and its committees as well as bank-internal events. With a view to a sustainable,

ideally diverse succession planning while also taking gender diversity into consideration, the Supervisory Board also

works together with external service providers.

For the selection of suitable candidates, external and internal, the Nomination Committee takes into account the

strategic objectives of the bank, the area of functional responsibility on the Management Board, the qualifications,

reliability and time availability of the candidates as well as the balance and diversity of the knowledge, skills and

experience of all members of the Management Board, while also considering diversity principles. The appointment to a

Management Board position is always made in the interests of the company. Building on the recommendation of the

Nomination Committee, the Chairman’s Committee submits a recommendation for the Supervisory Board’s resolution.

Based on this, the Supervisory Board decides on the appointment of the Management Board members. The first

appointment period is for a maximum of three years. Management Board members can be reappointed for one or several

terms of office, which may be for a maximum of five years pursuant to the law, whereby at Deutsche Bank such

reappointments should generally also be for a maximum of three years.

For each newly appointed Management Board member, individualized induction and training sessions are organized

based on their knowledge and skills, while taking into consideration possible recommendations of the Nomination

Committee. The Nomination Committee regularly receives reports on the progress and participation in these training

sessions.

The Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz (AktG)) requires that a company that is listed on a stock exchange and has three

or more members of the Management Board, such as Deutsche Bank, must have at least one woman and one man as

members of its Management Board, otherwise the appointment is rendered void. In addition, promoting diversity on the

Management Board is very important to the Supervisory Board, and it is actively working on Management Board diversity,

e.g., in terms of gender, nationality and age, as well as different backgrounds and mindsets. The Supervisory Board takes

into account the legally required minimum gender participation on the Management Board pursuant to Section 76 (3a) of

the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and strives to sustainably and continually increase the percentage of women

on the Management Board. In the 2025 financial year, the percentage of women on the Management Board was 22.2%.

To further increase the number of suitable internal female candidates, the Supervisory Board set a corresponding

objective for the Management Board for appointing women to senior management positions directly below the

Management Board and embedded this objective within the long-term performance metrics of the new compensation

system for the Management Board (for further details see the “Compensation Report”, “Compensation of Management

Board” chapter “Long-Term Incentives (LTI)”). The Supervisory Board regularly discusses the measures and ongoing

progress with the Management Board.

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Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Procedures of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Based on proposals of the Compensation Control Committee, the Supervisory Board determines the total compensation

of the individual members of the Management Board and also regularly reviews and resolves on the compensation

system for the Management Board. Details on this are provided in the Compensation Report and the Report of the

Supervisory Board.

Self-assessment

The Nomination Committee and Supervisory Board regularly address the assessment of the Supervisory Board and

Management Board as well as their work, which is to be conducted at least annually as prescribed by law pursuant to

Section 25d of the German Banking Act (KWG). This is also the self-assessment of the Supervisory Board pursuant to the

recommendation under Section D.12 of the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC).

At its meeting on July 23, 2024, the Nomination Committee addressed the framework and schedule for the assessment.

It resolved that the assessment of the 2025 reporting period would be performed with external assistance. The

Nomination Committee reported regularly to the Supervisory Board on the work-in-progress on the assessment. The

external advisor engaged for this conducted a workshop for the Supervisory Board, which took place on October 23,

2024. The assessment was performed essentially on the basis of extensive questionnaires regarding the work of the

Supervisory Board, of the Supervisory Board committees and of the Management Board as well as interviews with the

individual members of the Management Board and Supervisory Board. The final discussion and approval of the results of

the assessment took place at the Supervisory Board meeting in plenum on March 13, 2025, and the results were set out

in a written final report. The Supervisory Board continues to hold the opinion that the Supervisory Board and

Management Board have achieved a high standard and that there are no reservations, in particular, regarding the

professional qualifications, personal reliability and time availability of the members of the Management Board and of the

Supervisory Board.

423

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Members of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Members of the Supervisory Board and its committees

In accordance with the Articles of Association, the members of the Supervisory Board are elected for the period until the

conclusion of the General Meeting which adopts the resolutions concerning the ratification of the acts of management

for the fourth financial year following the beginning of the term of office. For the election of shareholder representatives,

the General Meeting may establish that the terms of office of the members may begin or end on differing dates. In

accordance with the Terms of Reference for the Supervisory Board since July 2020, shareholder representatives are

proposed to the General Meeting for election for a maximum of approximately four years, i.e., until the conclusion of the

General Meeting which adopts the resolutions concerning the ratification of the acts of management for the third

financial year following the beginning of the term of office, whereby the financial year in which the term of office begins

is not taken into account.

The following table provides detailed information on the members of the Supervisory Board (as of February 6, 2026).

Name	Principal occupation	Supervisory board memberships and other directorships
Alexander Wynaendts Year of birth: 1960 First elected: May 19, 2022 Term expires: 2026	Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Deutsche Bank AG	Air France-KLM Group S.A.2 (Member of the Board of Directors); Uber Technologies, Inc.2 (Member of the Board of Directors); Uber Payments B.V. (Non-Executive Director, Chairman); Puissance Holding B.V. (Non-Executive Director, Chairman) (until November 27, 2025), Non-Executive Board Member (since November 28, 2025)
Susanne Bleidt1 Year of birth: 1967 First elected: May 17, 2023 Term expires: 2028	Staff Council Member	Postbank Filialvertrieb AG3; Postbeamtenkranken-kasse (Member of the Advisory Board)
Mayree Clark Year of birth: 1957 First elected: May 24, 2018 Term expires: 2027	Supervisory Board member	Ally Financial, Inc.2 (Member of the Board of Directors), Allvue Systems Holdings, Inc. (Member of the Board of Directors) (until August 1, 2025)
Jan Duscheck1 Year of birth: 1984 Appointed by the court: August 2, 2016 First elected: May 24, 2018 Term expires: 2028	Head of National Working Group: Banking, ver.di (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (United Services Union))	NÜRNBERGER Beteiligungs-AG2 (since March 4, 2025)
Manja Eifert1 Year of birth: 1971 Appointed by the court: April 7, 2022 First elected: May 17, 2023 Term expires: 2028	Staff Council Member	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure
Claudia Fieber1 Year of birth: 1966 First elected: May 17, 2023 Term expires: 2028	Staff Council Member	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure

424

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Members of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Name	Principal occupation	Supervisory board memberships and other directorships
Sigmar Gabriel Year of birth: 1959 Appointed by the court: March 11, 2020 First elected: May 20, 2020 Term expires: 2029	Former German Federal Government Minister	Heristo AG; Siemens Energy AG2; Siemens Energy Management GmbH; Rheinmetall AG2 (since May 13, 2025)
Florian Haggenmiller1 Year of birth: 1982 Appointed by the court: January 16, 2024 Term expires: 2028	Head of National Working Group: Information and Communications Technology, ver.di (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (United Services Union))	IBM Deutschland GmbH; IBM Central Holding GmbH
Timo Heider1 Year of birth: 1975 First elected: May 23, 2013 Term expires: 2028	Staff Council Member	BHW Bausparkasse AG3 (Deputy Chairman); PCC Services GmbH der Deutschen Bank3 (Deputy Chairman); Pensionskasse der BHW Bausparkasse VVaG3 (Deputy Chairman)
Dr. Klaus Moosmayer Year of birth: 1968 First elected: May 22, 2025 Term expires: 2029	Supervisory Board member	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure
Kirsty Roth Year of birth: 1975 First elected: May 22, 2025 Term expires: 2029	Chief Operations and Technology Officer, Thomson Reuters Corporation2	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure
Frank Schulze1 Year of birth: 1968 First elected: May 17, 2023 Term expires: 2028	Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board, Deutsche Bank AG; Staff Council Member	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure
Gerlinde M. Siebert1 Year of birth: 1967 First elected: May 17, 2023 Term expires: 2028	Global Head of Governance, Deutsche Bank AG	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure
Yngve Slyngstad Year of birth: 1962 First elected: May 19, 2022 Term expires: 2026	Chief Executive Officer Aker Asset Management AS (until June 30, 2025); Chief Executive Officer ICP Asset Management AS (since June 1, 2025)	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure
Stephan Szukalski1 Year of birth: 1967 First elected: May 17, 20234 Term expires: 2028	Federal Chairman, Deutscher Bankangestellten- Verband e.V. (DBV) (German Association of Bank Employees) – Gewerkschaft der Finanzdienstleister (Financial Services Providers Union)	No memberships or directorships subject to disclosure

425

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Members of the Supervisory Board and its committees

Name	Principal occupation	Supervisory board memberships and other directorships
John Alexander Thain Year of birth: 1955 First elected: May 24, 2018 Term expires: 2027	Supervisory Board member	Uber Technologies, Inc.2 (Member of the Board of Directors); Aperture Investors LLC (Member of the Board of Directors); Pine Island Capital Partners LLC (Chairman) (until July 1, 2025); Pine Island New Energy Partners (Chairman) (since July 1, 2025)
Jürgen Tögel1 Year of birth: 1968 First elected: May 17, 2023 Term expires: 2028	Staff Council Member	BVV Versicherungsverein des Bankgewerbes a.G.; BVV Versorgungskasse des Bankgewerbes e.V.; BKK Deutsche Bank AG3 (Member of the Advisory Board)
Michele Trogni Year of birth: 1965 First elected: May 24, 2018 Term expires: 2027	Chief Executive Officer, Zinnia Corporate Holdings, LLC (until December 31, 2025); Senior Advisor to Zinnia Corporate Holdings, LLC and Eldridge Industries, LLC (since 1 January 2026)	Everly Life, LLC (Member of the Non-Executive Board); Zinnia Corporate Holdings, LLC (CEO and Chairperson of the Board of Directors) (until December 31, 2025)
Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann Year of birth: 1957 First elected: August 1, 2018 Term expires: 2027	Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG; Self-Employed Corporate Consultant, Norbert Winkeljohann Advisory & Investments	Bayer AG2 (Chairman); Georgsmarienhütte Holding GmbH (until September 17, 2025); Sievert SE (Chairman); Bohnenkamp AG (Chairman)
Frank Witter Year of birth: 1959 First elected: May 27, 2021 Term expires: 2029	Supervisory Board member	Traton SE2; CGI Inc.2 (Member of the Board of Directors) (until January 28, 2026)

1Employee representative

2Listed company

3Group-internal mandate

4Mr. Szukalski already was a member of the Supervisory Board from May 2013 to November 2015 and from May 2018 to December 2020.

426

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Members of the Supervisory Board and its committees

The following overview provides more detailed information on the memberships in the different committees:

Chairman’s Committee: Alexander Wynaendts, Chairman, Timo Heider, Frank Schulze, Professor Dr. Norbert

Winkeljohann

Nomination Committee: Alexander Wynaendts, Chairman, Mayree Clark, Timo Heider, Frank Schulze, Professor

Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann

Audit Committee: Frank Witter, Chairman, Susanne Bleidt, Manja Eifert, Claudia Fieber, Sigmar Gabriel (since May 22,

2025), Dr. Klaus Moosmayer (since May 22, 2025), Gerlinde M. Siebert (until October 24, 2025), Stephan Szukalski (since

October 24, 2025), Dr. Dagmar Valcárcel (until May 22, 2025), Dr. Theodor Weimer (until May 22, 2025), Professor

Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann

Risk Committee: Mayree Clark, Chairperson, Jan Duscheck, Claudia Fieber (since October 24, 2025), Timo Heider (since

May 22, 2025), Dr. Klaus Moosmayer (since May 22, 2025), Gerlinde M. Siebert (until October 24, 2025), Stephan

Szukalski, Michele Trogni, Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann, Alexander Wynaendts

Compensation Control Committee: Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann, Chairman, Jan Duscheck, Timo Heider (until

May 22, 2025), Dr. Klaus Moosmayer (since May 22, 2025), Frank Schulze (since May 22, 2025), Jürgen Tögel, Dr. Dagmar

Valcárcel (until May 22, 2025), Alexander Wynaendts

Regulatory Oversight Committee (the Committee was dissolved on May 22, 2025): Dr. Dagmar Valcárcel, Chairperson

(until May 22, 2025), Jan Duscheck (until May 22, 2025), Sigmar Gabriel (until May 22, 2025), Timo Heider (until May 22,

2025), Stephan Szukalski (until May 22, 2025), Alexander Wynaendts (until May 22, 2025)

Strategy and Sustainability Committee: John Alexander Thain, Chairman, Mayree Clark, Claudia Fieber (until October 24,

2025), Florian Haggenmiller, Frank Schulze, Gerlinde M. Siebert (since October 24, 2025), Yngve Slyngstad (since May 22,

2025), Jürgen Tögel, Michele Trogni (until May 22, 2025), Alexander Wynaendts

Technology, Data and Innovation Committee: Michele Trogni, Chairperson, Susanne Bleidt, Manja Eifert, Florian

Haggenmiller, Kirsty Roth (since May 22, 2025), Yngve Slyngstad (until May 22, 2025), Alexander Wynaendts

Mediation Committee: Alexander Wynaendts, Chairman, Timo Heider, Frank Schulze, Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann

427

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of requirements

Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board,

Profile of requirements

The composition of the Supervisory Board should ensure the effective and qualified control of and advice for the

Management Board of an internationally operating, broadly positioned bank. The suitability of each individual member is

assessed, determined and continuously monitored both internally by the Nomination Committee and the Supervisory

Board and externally by the regulatory authorities. This suitability assessment covers the expertise, reliability and time

available of each individual member (individual suitability). In addition, there is an assessment of the entire Supervisory

Board’s knowledge, skills and experience that are necessary for the performance of its tasks (collective suitability).

Passing the suitability assessment of the European Central Bank (ECB) after the mandate is accepted and the continual

suitability of the Supervisory Board member during the entire mandate with Deutsche Bank AG are mandatory regulatory

prerequisites for the performance of the tasks as a member of the Supervisory Board.

To increase the effectiveness of the Supervisory Board’s work and the transparency for stakeholders and regulators, the

Supervisory Board adopted a Profile of Requirements in 2023. It is reviewed annually also in light of the bank’s strategic

development and target operating model, and it is updated if necessary. The Profile of Requirements sets out the general

and expanded fields of expertise of the Supervisory Board that are required for the monitoring and advising of the

Management Board of Deutsche Bank AG. The Profile of Requirements is regularly taken into account when developing

the proposals to the General Meeting for the election of shareholder representatives and when determining the

individual and collective need for the training of the Supervisory Board and its members. The Profile of Requirements is

also considered when appointing members to the individual committees.

Profile of requirements for the Supervisory Board

The Supervisory Board specified general fields of expertise and expanded fields of expertise in its Profile of

Requirements.

General fields of expertise

Ideally, every member of the Supervisory Board possesses these individual qualifications.

–Understanding of commercial business issues

–Analytical and strategic mindset

–Understanding of the German corporate governance system, and – as a result – an understanding of a Supervisory

Board member’s responsibilities

–Understanding of the business model and the structure of Deutsche Bank AG

–Basic understanding of the financial services sector, e.g., (i) knowledge in the areas of banking, financial services,

financial markets, financial industry, including the bank’s home market and the bank’s key markets outside Europe, and

(ii) knowledge of the relevant clients for the bank, the market’s expectations and the operational environment.

The fulfillment of these fields of expertise is reported on in summary in the qualifications matrix in the line “General fields

of expertise”.

Expanded fields of expertise

These fields of expertise refer to the Supervisory Board in its entirety (collective suitability). The Supervisory Board, as a

whole, must have an understanding of the specified fields of expertise that is appropriate for the size and complexity of

Deutsche Bank AG. They are derived from the bank’s business model and from specific laws and regulations that apply to

the bank. The fields of expertise are:

Accounting, including sustainability reporting

–Accounting (International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and German Commercial Code (HGB)) and auditing of

annual financial statements

–Taxation

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Annual Report 2025	Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of requirements

Regulatory framework and legal requirements

–Understanding of the key legal framework conditions in the countries in which the company has its main operations

–Understanding of the key relevant legal systems for the bank

–Experience in the executive management/supervisory board of large enterprises

–Regulatory framework and legal requirements, in particular, knowledge of the legal systems relevant for the bank

–Knowledge of the social, political and regulatory expectations in the home market

Human capital, compensation and corporate culture

–Human resources and staff management

–Compensation and compensation systems

–Selection procedure for management body members and assessment of their suitability

–Corporate culture

Risk management

–Risk management (investigation, assessment, mitigation, management and control of financial and non-financial risks,

capital and liquidity management, shareholdings)

–Combating money laundering and prevention of financial crime and the financing of terrorism

Information technology, data and digitalization

–Digitalization, including digital banking

–Data, including data governance

–Information technology (IT), IT systems and IT security, including cyber risks

Strategy, transformation and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues

–Strategic planning of business models and risk strategies as well as their implementation

–Climate and other environmental aspects

–Knowledge of social and political expectations (in particular in the home market) and their impacts on corporate social

responsibility

–Company’s purpose

Organizational structure and control of a financial institution

–Governance

–Management of a large, international, regulated company

–Internal organization of the bank

–Internal audit

–Compliance and internal controls

In order to adequately reflect the bank’s business model, the Supervisory Board shall demonstrate not only these

professional qualifications but also qualifications and experience in the various client segments and different sales

markets.

Client segments

–Private Banking and Wealth Management

–Corporate Banking

–Investment Banking

–Asset Management

–

Regional expertise

–Germany

–Europe

–Americas

–Asia-Pacific (APAC)

The Supervisory Board believes that it complies with the specified concrete objectives regarding its composition and the

Profile of Requirements – as shown in the following qualifications matrix. The members of the Supervisory Board as a

whole possess the knowledge, abilities and expert experience to properly complete their tasks.

429

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of requirements

Composition and expertise

Alexander Wynaendts

Susanne Bleidt

Mayree Clark

Jan Duscheck

Manja Eifert

Claudia Fieber

Sigmar Gabriel

Florian Haggenmiller

Timo Heider

Dr. Klaus Moosmayer

Kirsty Roth

Frank Schulze

Gerlinde Siebert

Yngve Slyngstad

Stephan Szukalski

John Thain

Jürgen Tögel

Michele Trogni

Prof. Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann

Frank Witter

Member- ship

No Overboarding*

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Independent **

✓

ER

✓

ER

ER

ER

✓

ER

ER

✓

✓

ER

ER

✓

ER

✓

ER

✓

✓

✓

Professional expertise

General fields of expertise

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Accounting and reporting, incl. sustainability reporting

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Audit Committee Financial Experts ***

w

w

Expertise in the area of accounting ***

w

w

Expertise in the area of auditing ***

w

w

Regulatory framework and Legal requirements

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Human Capital, Compensation and Corporate Culture

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Compensation Control Committee Compensation Experts***

w

w

w

Risk Management

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Information technology, data and digitalization

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Strategy, Transformation and ESG

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Organizational structure and control of a financial institution

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Client/business expertise

Private Banking and Wealth Management

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Corporate Banking

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Investment Banking

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Asset Management

✓

✓

✓

✓

Regional Expertise

Germany

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Europe

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Americas

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

APAC

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

ü Profound and professional knowledge/expert

w Regulatory expert/expertise required by law and/or supervisory regulation

ER Employee Representative

* Definition of no overboarding: All Supervisory Board members hold an admissible number of board directorships in various companies in addition to Deutsche Bank AG.

Overboarding, i.e., holding an inadmissible number of board directorships in different companies, is determined on the basis of the statutory regulation in Section 25d (3)

of the German Banking Act (KWG)

** Definition of independence: A Supervisory Board member elected or to be elected by the shareholders is to be considered independent when there are no present or

former (i) business, (ii) personal or (iii) other relations or affiliations with Deutsche Bank AG, its management bodies, a shareholder or a Deutsche Bank Group company that

constitute a personal interest of the Supervisory Board member or a third-party interest he represents that might influence his actions in performing his mandate to the

detriment of Deutsche Bank AG. Section C.6 (1) first half-sentence of the German Corporate Governance Code, according to which the members of the Supervisory

Board representing shareholders shall comprise what they consider to be an appropriate number of independent members, is adhered to as a result. The bank has no

controlling shareholder at present

*** Definition of experts given in the “Supervisory Board committee experts” section of this report

430

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of requirements

There is a regular maximum age limit of 70. In well-founded, individual cases, a Supervisory Board member may be elected or

appointed for a period that extends at the latest until the end of the fourth ordinary General Meeting that takes place after he or

she has reached the age of 70. This age limit was taken into account in the election proposals to the General Meeting and shall also

be taken into account for the next Supervisory Board elections or subsequent appointments for Supervisory Board positions that

become vacant.

The Supervisory Board respects diversity when proposing its members for appointment. In light of the international operations of

Deutsche Bank AG, care should be taken that the Supervisory Board has an appropriate number of members with long-term

international experience. Currently, the professional careers or private lives of six members of the Supervisory Board are centered

outside Germany. Furthermore, all of the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board have many years of international

experience from their current or former activities, for example, as management board member or chief executive officer or in a

comparable executive function of corporations or organizations with international operations. The Supervisory Board believes that

in these two ways the international activities of the company are sufficiently taken into account. The objective is to retain the

currently existing international profile.

Special importance has already been attached to an appropriate consideration of women in the selection process since the

Supervisory Board elections in 2008. For the election proposals to the General Meeting, the Supervisory Board takes into account

the recommendations of the Nomination Committee and the legal requirements according to which the Supervisory Board shall

be composed of at least 30% women and at least 30% men. In reviewing potential candidates for a new election or subsequent

appointments to Supervisory Board positions that have become vacant, qualified women are included in the selection process and

appropriately considered in the election proposals. At the end of the financial year, four women and six men were members of the

Supervisory Board on the employee representatives’ side and three women and seven men on the shareholder representatives’

side. In total, the Supervisory Board has seven female members, which corresponds to 35%. The statutory minimum quota of 30%

has thus been fulfilled for many years now.

The average age of the Supervisory Board members was 58.4. The age structure is diverse, ranging from 41 to 70 years of age and

spanning three generations, according to the general definition of the term.

The length of membership on the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG ranged from under one year to around 13 years at the

end of the financial year. The average length of membership on the Supervisory Board as of December 31, 2025, was 4.63 years.

The diverse range of the members’ educational and professional backgrounds includes banking, business administration,

economics, auditing, law, German studies, political science, electrical engineering, information systems, healthcare and chemistry.

The resumes of the members of the Supervisory Board are published on the website of Deutsche Bank AG (www.db.com/ir/en/

supervisory-board.htm).

The members of the Supervisory Board do not exercise functions on a management body of or perform advisory duties at major

competitors. Material conflicts of interest involving a member of the Supervisory Board that are not merely temporary shall result

in the termination of that member’s Supervisory Board mandate. The Supervisory Board has issued corresponding guidelines for

the identification, handling, mitigation and documentation of potential conflicts of interest.

Members of the Supervisory Board may not, according to Section 25d of the German Banking Act (KWG), and shall not, according

to the recommendations under C.4 and C.5 of the German Corporate Governance Code (GCGC), hold more than the allowed

number of supervisory board mandates or mandates in supervisory bodies of companies which have similar requirements. A

Supervisory Board member of Deutsche Bank AG may concurrently be a member of the supervisory body of a maximum of five

companies (including Deutsche Bank AG). If a Supervisory Board member is also an executive director of a company, this

Supervisory Board member may concurrently be a member of the supervisory body of a maximum of three companies (including

Deutsche Bank AG). The decisive factors for determining if this is the case are the supervisory authority’s regulatory requirements

in consideration of the local laws. Compliance with this statutory regulation is continually monitored by the regulatory authorities.

In the event of directorship overboarding, the supervisory authorities may require that Deutsche Bank AG revoke a Supervisory

Board member’s appointment and prohibit this Supervisory Board member from performing his or her work. In the preceding

financial year, the requirements on the admissible number of concurrently performed supervisory board mandates were met.

With regard to the disclosure requirements under European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) 2 GOV-1 21. (e) and the

definition specified therein for “independent board members”, 100% of the Supervisory Board members are independent within

the meaning of the ESRS. In the preceding financial year, there were no former members of the Management Board on the

Supervisory Board.

Some members of the Supervisory Board are, or were last year, in high-ranking positions at other companies that Deutsche Bank

AG has business relations with. Business transactions of Deutsche Bank AG with these companies were conducted under the same

conditions as those between unrelated third parties. In the opinion of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board, these

transactions did not affect the independence of the Supervisory Board members involved.

431

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Supervisory Board Committee experts

Supervisory Board Committee experts

Audit Committee Financial experts

The Supervisory Board determined that the following members of the Audit Committee are “Audit Committee Financial

Experts” as such term is defined by the implementation rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued

pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann and Frank Witter. These

Audit Committee Financial Experts are “independent” of the bank, as defined in Rule 10A-3 under the U.S. Securities

Exchange Act of 1934.

Furthermore, the Supervisory Board determined in accordance with Sections 107 (4) and 100 (5) of the Stock

Corporation Act (AktG) and Section 25d (9) of the German Banking Act (KWG) that Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann

and Frank Witter have expert knowledge in financial accounting and the auditing of financial statements.

Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann has expertise in the areas of accounting and auditing through his education and

training as an auditor and his many years of experience as an auditor at various auditing firms and as Chairman of the

Management Board of PwC Europe SE.

Frank Witter has expertise in the areas of accounting and auditing through his many years of experience as Chief

Financial Officer of Volkswagen AG and as Chairman of the Board of Management of Volkswagen Financial Services AG.

Compensation Control Committee Compensation experts

Pursuant to Section 25d (12) of the German Banking Act (KWG), at least one member of the Compensation Control

Committee must have sufficient expertise and professional experience in the field of risk management and risk

controlling, in particular, with regard to the mechanisms to align compensation systems to the company’s overall risk

appetite and strategy and the bank’s capital base. Based on the recommendation of the Compensation Control

Committee, the Supervisory Board resolved to specify by name Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann, Alexander

Wynaendts and Dr. Klaus Moosmayer as Compensation Control Committee Compensation Experts. All of them have

expertise and professional experience in the field of risk management and risk controlling, in particular with regard to

mechanisms to align the compensation systems to the company’s overall risk appetite and strategy and its capital base.

They therefore fulfill the requirements of Section 25d (12) of the German Banking Act (KWG). Based on their years of

experience as Management Board Chairman and/or Chief Executive Officer, Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann and

Alexander Wynaendts have sufficient expertise and professional experience in the area of risk management and risk

controlling. Dr. Klaus Moosmayer has expertise and experience for the specific topics of risk management and risk control

based on his experience (i) as Chief Compliance Officer at Siemens, relating to the Compliance System of Siemens

Financial Services and Siemens Bank divisions, (ii) as member of the Executive Committee and Chief Ethics, Risk and

Compliance Officer of Novartis AG, as well as (iii) through his additional work on international committees and

organizations.

432

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Share ownership of Supervisory Board members

Share ownership of Supervisory Board members

The individual members of the Supervisory Board held the following numbers of shares (and share awards under

employee share plans):

–

Members of the Supervisory Board		Number of shares		Number of share awards
Alexander Wynaendts		10,392		—
Susanne Bleidt		—		—
Mayree Clark		109,444		—
Jan Duscheck		—		—
Manja Eifert		241		10
Claudia Fieber		441		10
Sigmar Gabriel		2,423		—
Florian Haggenmiller		—		—
Timo Heider		—		—
Dr. Klaus Moosmayer		—		—
Kirsty Roth		—		—
Frank Schulze		598		10
Gerlinde M. Siebert		8,555		7,344.5
Yngve Slyngstad		2,250		—
Stephan Szukalski		—		—
John Alexander Thain		100,000		—
Jürgen Tögel		1,228		10
Michele Trogni		15,000		—
Dr. Dagmar Valcárcel
Dr. Theodor Weimer
Professor Dr. Norbert Winkeljohann		6,300		—
Frank Witter		3,428		—
Total		260,300		7,384.5

1Ms. Siebert has an entitlement to 7,344.50 shares as part of her deferred variable compensation as an employee. These share awards will be due for delivery in the years

2026 to 2030.

As of February 6, 2026, the members of the Supervisory Board held 260,300 shares, which is less than 0.02% of the

shares issued as of that day.

The “Number of share awards” column in the table lists share awards granted under the Global Share Purchase Plan to

Supervisory Board members who are employees of Deutsche Bank (“Matching Awards”), which are scheduled to be

delivered to them on November 1, 2026, as well as Restricted Equity Awards (deferred share awards), which are granted

to employees with deferred variable compensation. The Restricted Equity Awards are indicated with a footnote in the

table, and further details on them as a compensation instrument are provided in the “Employee compensation report”.

The Compensation Report on the preceding financial year and the auditor’s report pursuant to Section 162 of the

German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the currently applicable compensation system pursuant to Section 87a (1) and (2)

sentence 1 AktG as well as the last resolution on compensation pursuant to Section 113 (3) AktG are available from the

website: www.db.com (under the Investor Relations headings “Reports and Events”, “Annual Reports”).

433

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Diversity concept

Diversity concept

The Stock Corporation Act (AktG) requires that a company that is listed on a stock exchange and has three or more

members of the Management Board, such as Deutsche Bank, must have at least one woman and one man as member of

its Management Board, failing the appointment is rendered void. In addition, promoting cognitive diversity on the

Management Board is important to the Supervisory Board, and it is intensively addressing the topic. It is actively working

to ensure the Management Board has sufficient diversity of thought, e.g., in terms of gender, nationality and age, as well

as different backgrounds and mindsets.

Moreover, the AktG requires that the Management Board of a listed company sets targets for the share of women in the

two management layers below the Management Board. The Supervisory Board and Management Board strive to and

should serve as role models for the bank to drive an inclusive culture. In accordance with the bank’s aim to embrace

dialogue and diverse views, diversity in the composition of the Supervisory Board and the Management Board also

facilitates the proper performance of the tasks and duties assigned to them by law, the Articles of Association and Terms

of Reference.

As an integral part of Deutsche Bank’s strategy as a leading European bank with a global reach and a strong home market

in Germany, diversity is a decisive factor for the bank’s success. With 160 nationalities represented across 55 countries in

2025, the bank is proud of its multicultural workforce. It sees the unique perspectives and experiences within its global

network as a competitive advantage as it fuels innovation, strengthens culture and drives more sustainable outcomes.

Age and gender as well as educational and professional backgrounds have long been accepted as key aspects of the far

more comprehensive understanding of diversity at Deutsche Bank.

As stated in its Code of Conduct, Deutsche Bank is committed to ensuring fair and equal opportunities for employees

from all backgrounds and experiences, an objective it advances through its multi-dimensional diversity and inclusion

strategy. Centered on five pillars - leadership accountability, adapting processes, driving behavioral change, thought

leadership, and ensuring legal compliance - the strategy is endorsed by the Management Board who monitors progress

against the agreed goals and objectives.

The targets for the proportion of women in management positions, the gender quota and the disclosure pursuant to

Section 96 (2) of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) are described in the "Sustainability Statement" in the section

"Own Workforce”.

Diversity concept for the Supervisory Board

The diversity concept for the Supervisory Board and its implementation are described in the section “Supervisory Board -

Objectives for the composition of the Supervisory Board, Profile of Requirements, diversity concept and status of

implementation”.

Diversity concept and succession planning for the Management Board

Through the composition of the Management Board, it is to be ensured that its members have, at all times, the required

knowledge, skills and experience necessary to properly perform their tasks. Accordingly, when selecting members for the

Management Board, care is to be taken that they collectively have sufficient expertise and diversity within the meaning

of the objectives specified above. Furthermore, the Supervisory Board and Management Board are to ensure long-term

succession planning.

The Act to Supplement and Amend Regulations on the Equal Participation of Women and Men in Management Positions

in the Private and Public Sectors (Equal Participation Act II (FüPoG II) requires that at least one woman and one man be

appointed to a management board with more than three members; however, no additional goals must be set. The bank

fulfilled this requirement as of December 31, 2025, as it has two women on the Management Board. In general, a

Management Board member should not be older at the end of his or her appointment period than the regular retirement

age according to the rules of the statutory pension insurance scheme applicable in Germany for the long-term insured to

claim an early retirement pension.

434

Deutsche Bank	Supervisory Board
Annual Report 2025	Diversity concept

Implementation

In accordance with the law, the Articles of Association and Terms of Reference, the Supervisory Board adopted a

candidate profile for the members of the Management Board, based on a proposal from the Nomination Committee. This

profile takes into account an “Expertise and Capabilities Matrix”, specifying, among other things, the required knowledge,

skills and experience to perform the tasks as Management Board member, in order to successfully develop and

implement the bank’s strategy in the respective market or the respective division and as a management body

collectively. The Management Board reviews succession plans for Management Board positions, both individually and as

a group. Individual succession plans are reviewed and internal succession candidates are discussed in detail based on

potential, leadership skills and experience as well as fit and proper suitability. As gender diversity is a key focus of

Deutsche Bank, the respective succession metrics and data analytics support this process. After approval by the

Management Board these plans are submitted to the Nomination Committee and the Supervisory Board, in principle at a

meeting for extensive deliberation.

In identifying candidates to fill a position on the bank’s Management Board, the Supervisory Board’s Nomination

Committee takes into account the appropriate diversity balance of all Management Board members collectively.

Furthermore, it also considers the targets set by the Supervisory Board in accordance with statutory requirements for the

percentage of women on the Management Board.

The Nomination Committee supports the Supervisory Board with the periodic assessment, to be performed at least once

a year, of the knowledge, skills and experience of the individual members of the Management Board and of the

Management Board in its entirety.

Results achieved in the 2025 financial year

As of December 31, 2025, the Management Board comprised two women (22% ) and seven men.

The age structure is ranging from 50 to 59 years of age as of December 31, 2025.

In light of the bank’s strategy as a leading European bank with a global reach and a strong home market in Germany, five

of the nine Management Board members as of December 31, 2025 have a German background. Furthermore, the

Management Board members come from Italy, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland. However,

the ethnic diversity of the Management Board does not currently reflect the full diversity of the markets where the bank

does business or the diversity of Deutsche Bank’s employees.

The diverse range of the Management Board members’ educational and professional backgrounds includes accounting,

banking, business administration, economics, engineering finance, law and philosophy.

The bank transparently reports on Management Board diversity in addition to the information presented in this Corporate

Governance Statement according to Sec. 289f and 315d of the German Commercial Code in the sections “Management

Board” and “Supervisory Board” as well as on the bank’s website: www.db.com (Heading: Investor Relations, “Corporate

Governance”, “Management Board”).

Share Plans

For information on the employee share programs, please refer to the additional Note 33 “Employee Benefits” to the

Consolidated Financial Statements.

435

Deutsche Bank	Related Party Transactions
Annual Report 2025

Related Party Transactions

For information on related party transactions please refer to Note 36 “Related party transactions“.

Value and leadership principles of Deutsche Bank AG

and Deutsche Bank Group

Deutsche Bank Group Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics for Senior Financial

Officers

Deutsche Bank Group’s Code of Conduct sets out Deutsche Bank’s purpose, values and beliefs and minimum standards

of conduct that the bank expects all members of the Management Board and employees to follow. These values and

standards govern employee interactions with the bank’s clients, competitors, business partners, government and

regulatory authorities, and shareholders, as well as with other employees. In addition, the Code forms the cornerstone of

the bank’s policies, which provide guidance on compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

In accordance with Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the bank adopted a Code of Ethics for Senior

Financial Officers of Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group with special obligations that apply to the “Senior

Financial Officers”, which currently consist of Deutsche Bank’s Chairman of the Management Board and the Chief

Financial Officer as well as certain other Senior Financial Officers. There were no amendments or waivers to this Code of

Ethics in 2025.

The current versions of the Code of Conduct as well as the Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers of Deutsche Bank

AG and Deutsche Bank Group are available from Deutsche Bank’s website: www.db.com/ir/en/documents.htm.

Corporate Governance at Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group

Deutsche Bank established a Group Governance function to define, implement and monitor the corporate governance

framework of Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group and to perform this governance function throughout the

Group. Group Governance addresses corporate governance issues in Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group, while

focusing closely on clear organizational structures aligned to the key elements of good corporate governance.

Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Group are committed to ensuring a corporate governance framework in

accordance with international standards and statutory provisions. In support of this objective, Deutsche Bank AG and

Deutsche Bank Group have instituted clear corporate governance principles.

Further details on corporate governance are published on Deutsche Bank’s website (www.db.com/ir/en/corporate-

governance.htm).

436

Deutsche Bank	Principal accountant fees and services
Annual Report 2025

Principal accountant fees and services

In accordance with German law, Deutsche Bank’s principal accountant is appointed at the Annual General Meeting based

on a recommendation of Deutsche Bank’s Supervisory Board. The Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board prepares

such a recommendation. Subsequent to the principal accountant’s appointment, the Audit Committee awards the

contract and in its sole authority approves the terms and scope of the audit and all audit engagement fees as well as

monitors the principal accountant’s independence. EY GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (EY) was the

bank’s principal accountant for the 2024 and 2025 fiscal years, respectively.

The tables set forth below contain the aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years by EY in each of the

following categories: (1) Audit fees include fees for professional services for the audit of Deutsche Bank’s annual financial

statements and consolidated financial statements and do not include audit fees for DWS and its subsidiaries that are not

audited by EY, (2) Audit-related fees include fees for other assurance services required by law or regulations, in particular

for financial service specific attestation, for quarterly reviews, for mergers and acquisition audits, as well as fees for

voluntary assurance services, like voluntary audits for internal management purposes and the issuance of comfort letters,

(3) Tax-related fees include fees for services relating to the preparation and review of tax returns and related compliance

assistance and advice, tax consultation and advice relating to tax planning initiatives and assistance with assessing

compliance with tax regulations, and (4) All other fees, which are fees for products and services other than Audit fees,

Audit-related fees and Tax-related fees. These amounts include expenses and exclude Value Added Tax (VAT).

Fees billed by EY

Fee category in € m.		2025		2024
Audit fees		70		69
Audit-related fees		10		10
Tax-related fees		—		—
All other fees		—		1
Total fees		80		80

Under SEC regulations, the principal accountant fees are required to be presented as follows: audit fees were €72 million

in 2025 and 2024, audit-related fees were €8 million in 2025 compared to €7 million in 2024, tax-related fees were €0

million in 2025 and 2024, and all other fees were €0 million in 2025 compared to €1 million in 2024.

United States law and regulations generally require that all engagements of Deutsche Bank’s principal accountant be

pre-approved by the Audit Committee of the Bank’s Supervisory Board or pursuant to policies and procedures adopted

by it. The Audit Committee has designated a list of pre-approved audit, audit-related and tax services that it has

authorized the Finance Chief Accounting Office to engage Deutsche Bank’s principal accountant to perform if the

estimated costs are less than or equal to € 1 million. The Audit Committee has also designated a list of pre-approved

audit services that it has authorized the Finance Chief Accounting Office to engage Deutsche Bank’s principal

accountant to perform with estimated costs in excess of € 1 million. All engagement requests for audit, audit-related and

tax services that are not on the pre-approved list of specified services must be approved by the Audit Committee. The

Finance Chief Accounting Office periodically reports the engagements approved by it to the Audit Committee. In

addition, to facilitate the consideration of engagement requests between its meetings, the Audit Committee has

delegated approval authority to several of its members who are “independent” as defined by the Securities and Exchange

Commission and the New York Stock Exchange. Such members are required to report any approvals made by them to the

Audit Committee at its next meeting.

Additionally, United States law and regulations permit that specific pre-approval is not required for permissible non-

audit services, provided that such non-audit services: (i) do not aggregate to more than 5% of total fees paid by Deutsche

Bank AG and its subsidiaries to the auditor in the fiscal year in which the services are provided; (ii) were not recognized by

the bank or a subsidiary thereof as non-audit services at the time of the engagement; and (iii) are promptly brought to the

attention of the Audit Committee of Deutsche Bank AG and approved, prior to the completion of the next audit. In 2024

and 2025, the percentage of the total amount of revenues Deutsche Bank paid to its principal accountant for non-audit

services that was subject to such a waiver was less than 5% for each year.

437

Deutsche Bank	Supplementary Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report 2025

5-Supplementary Information (Unaudited)

438	Wording conventions for trend descriptions presented
438	Non-GAAP financial measures
446	Declaration of Backing
448	Group Five-Year Record
450	Imprints – Publications

438

Deutsche Bank	Supplementary Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report 2025

[Section intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

Non-GAAP financial measures

This document and other documents the Group has published or may publish contain Non-GAAP financial measures.

Non-GAAP financial measures are measures of the Group’s historical or future performance, financial position or cash

flows that contain adjustments that exclude or include amounts that are included or excluded, as the case may be, from

the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with IFRS in the Group’s financial

statements.

Return on Equity Ratios

The Group reports post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, and

reconciles to post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity.

Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity and post-tax return on average tangible shareholders' equity are

calculated as profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders after deducting profit (loss) attributable to

noncontrolling interests and after profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components (AT1 coupon) as a

percentage of average shareholders’ equity and average tangible shareholders' equity. For the Group, the allocation

reflects the reported effective tax rate, which was 25% for the full year 2025, 33% for 2024 and 19% for 2023. Profit (loss)

attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders after AT1 coupon for the segments is defined as profit (loss) excluding profit

(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests and after AT1 coupons, the latter being allocated to segments based on

their allocated average tangible shareholders’ equity. For the segments, the applied tax rate was 28% for all report

periods in 2025, 2024 and 2023.

The Group’s tangible shareholders' equity is shareholders’ equity as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet

excluding goodwill and other intangible assets. Tangible shareholders’ equity for the segments is calculated by

deducting goodwill and other intangible assets from shareholders’ equity as allocated to the segments. The ratios are

then calculated as a percentage of profit (loss) attributable to shareholders by the average shareholders’ equity and

average tangible shareholders' equity, respectively.

The Group believes that a presentation of average tangible shareholders’ equity makes comparisons to its competitors

easier and refers to this measure in the return on tangible equity ratio presented by the Group. However, average

tangible shareholders’ equity is not a measure provided for in IFRS and ratios based on this measure should not be

compared to other companies’ ratios without considering differences in the calculations.

The reconciliation of the aforementioned ratios is set forth in the table below:

439

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	Return on Equity Ratios

		2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total
Profit (loss) before tax		2,603		4,022		2,348		983		-887		9,069
Profit (loss)		1,874		2,896		1,691		708		-355		6,814
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		208		208
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		1,874		2,896		1,691		708		-562		6,606
Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components1		154		315		196		33		112		809
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders		1,720		2,581		1,495		675		-674		5,797
Average allocated shareholders' equity2		12,199		23,967		14,763		5,218		12,396		68,543
Deduct: Average allocated goodwill and other intangible assets2,3		968		852		462		2,896		1,657		6,835
Average allocated tangible shareholders' equity2		11,230		23,115		14,301		2,323		10,739		61,707
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity2,4		14.1%		10.8%		10.1%		12.9%		N/M		8.5%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity2		15.3%		11.2%		10.5%		29.1%		N/M		9.4%

N/M – Not meaningful

1Represents the estimated coupons to be paid to the AT1 instruments at the next payment date, as of the respective reporting period

2 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

3Goodwill and other intangible assets related to the non-controlling interests in DWS are excluded

4 Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components is deducted in the bank’s return‑on‑equity calculation. The amount represents the estimated coupons to be paid

to the AT1 instruments at the next payment date, as of the respective reporting period. The actual AT1 coupons paid in the financial year 2025 amounted to € 761 million

		2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total
Profit (loss) before tax		2,101		3,344		1,204		632		(577)		6,703
Profit (loss)		1,512		2,407		867		455		(761)		4,481
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		139		139
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		1,512		2,407		867		455		(900)		4,342
Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components1		125		263		159		27		93		668
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders		1,388		2,144		708		428		(993)		3,674
Average allocated shareholders' equity2		11,681		23,631		13,995		5,329		11,717		66,353
Deduct: Average allocated goodwill and other intangible assets2,3		776		804		101		2,957		2,112		6,750
Average allocated tangible shareholders' equity2		10,905		22,827		13,894		2,372		9,605		59,603
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity2,4		11.9%		9.1%		5.1%		8.0%		N/M		5.5%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity2		12.7%		9.4%		5.1%		18.0%		N/M		6.2%

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1Represents the estimated coupons to be paid to the AT1 instruments at the next payment date, as of the respective reporting period

2 Starting from the first quarter of 2024, the equity allocation framework has been updated. For more information please refer to section “Note 04 - Business segments and

related information” of this report

3Goodwill and other intangible assets related to the non-controlling interests in DWS are excluded

4 Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components is deducted in the bank’s return‑on‑equity calculation. The amount represents the estimated coupons to be paid

to the AT1 instruments at the next payment date, as of the respective reporting period. The actual AT1 coupons paid in the financial year 2024 amounted to € 574 million

440

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	Return on Equity Ratios

		2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total
Profit (loss) before tax		2,828		1,880		1,032		396		1,817		7,955
Profit (loss)		2,036		1,354		743		285		2,033		6,452
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		119		119
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders and additional equity components		2,036		1,354		743		285		1,913		6,332
Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components1		107		226		123		22		83		560
Profit (loss) attributable to Deutsche Bank shareholders		1,930		1,128		620		264		1,831		5,772
Average allocated shareholders' equity		11,280		22,953		13,681		5,103		10,132		63,149
Deduct: Average allocated goodwill and other intangible assets2		849		835		789		2,944		1,017		6,434
Average allocated tangible shareholders' equity		10,431		22,118		12,892		2,159		9,114		56,716
Post-tax return on average shareholders’ equity3		17.1%		4.9%		4.5%		5.2%		N/M		9.1%
Post-tax return on average tangible shareholders’ equity		18.5%		5.1%		4.8%		12.2%		N/M		10.2%

N/M – Not meaningful

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

1 Represents the estimated coupons to be paid to the AT1 instruments at the next payment date, as of the respective reporting period

2 Goodwill and other intangible assets related to the non-controlling interests in DWS are excluded

3 Profit (loss) attributable to additional equity components is deducted in the bank’s return‑on‑equity calculation. The amount represents the estimated coupons to be paid

to the AT1 instruments at the next payment date, as of the respective reporting period. The actual AT1 coupons paid in the financial year 2023 amounted to € 498 million

441

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	Net interest income in the key banking book segments

Net interest income in the key banking book segments

Deutsche Bank applies a prudent approach to modelling and managing interest rate risk in its banking book. The bank’s

objective is to limit the sensitivity of net interest income and to stabilize net interest margins arising from fixed-rate,

non‑maturity balance sheet items. Consistent with industry practice, Deutsche Bank models its deposit portfolios based

on behavioral stability and rate sensitivity. Deposits with no assumed rate sensitivity are considered stable and are

assumed not to reprice materially, even in the event of significant changes in market interest rates. These deposits

therefore represent a source of interest rate risk.

If such rate‑insensitive deposits were invested solely in short‑term instruments, net interest income would become highly

sensitive to short‑term interest rate movements, resulting in considerable volatility. To protect the net interest income of

rate‑insensitive deposits, Deutsche Bank undertakes interest rate hedging by investing these deposits over a

medium‑term horizon, predominantly through structures with a typical 10‑year tractor profile. As a result, the net

interest income of these deposits is primarily sensitive to the reinvestment of the hedge portfolio, representing

approximately 10% of the total portfolio that is exposed to movements in 10‑year rates.

The bank’s deposit net interest income hedge is a rolling mid‑term portfolio that provides protection through the interest

rate cycle. The hedge duration is continuously monitored and adjusted according to Deutsche Banks’ modelling

framework, including assumptions on client behavior as well as local and regulatory requirements. Deutsche Bank uses a

range of strategies and balance sheet measures to implement this approach.

‘Net interest income in the key banking book segments’ is a non‑GAAP financial measure. The most directly comparable

IFRS measure is ‘Net interest income’. Key banking book segments are defined as those business segments in which net

interest income from banking book activities constitutes a material share of overall revenue. Net interest income in these

segments is calculated as the Group’s total net interest income, excluding other funding‑related effects (such as

centrally managed funding costs) and impacts arising from accounting asymmetries between the Group’s trading book

and associated hedging activities. The Group considers this presentation to provide a more meaningful reflection of the

net interest income generated by its operating businesses.

Accounting asymmetry in the recognition of the Group’s trading book and related hedging activities primarily arise when

funding costs related to trading book positions are reported within net interest income, while the corresponding

revenues on the underlying positions are recognized in noninterest income. Conversely, asymmetries can result when

fair‑valued instruments are used to hedge positions in the key banking book segments: the income or expense of the

hedged item is recorded as interest income, while the hedge result is recorded within noninterest income. These effects

mainly occur in the Investment Bank (excluding FIC Financing), Asset Management and Corporate & Other, including

Treasury, other than held in the key banking book segments.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the Group’s net interest income to the net interest income in the key

banking book segments:

442

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	Net interest income in the key banking book segments

in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023
Group
Net interest income		15,673		15,161		16,122
Key banking book segments and other funding effects1		13,337		13,218		13,258
Key banking book segments		13,670		13,433		13,995
Other funding effects1		(333)		(216)		(737)
Accounting asymmetry driven2		2,336		1,943		2,864
Average interest earning assets3 (in € bn)		1,041		1,002		978
Net interest margin4		1.5%		1.5%		1.6%
Key banking book segments
Corporate Bank
Net interest income		4,567		4,987		5,241
Average interest earning assets3 (in € bn)		130		126		124
Net interest margin4		3.5%		4.0%		4.2%
Investment Bank Fixed Income and Currencies: Financing
Net interest income		2,933		2,661		2,599
Average interest earning assets3 (in € bn)		105		96		92
Net interest margin4		2.8%		2.8%		2.8%
Private Bank
Net interest income		6,169		5,786		6,156
Average interest earning assets3 (in € bn)		253		262		264
Net interest margin4		2.4%		2.2%		2.3%
Total Key banking book segments
Net interest income		13,670		13,433		13,995
Average interest earning assets3 (in € bn)		488		484		480
Net interest margin4		2.8%		2.8%		2.9%

1Other funding effects represents banking book net interest income arising primarily from Treasury funding activities that are not allocated to the key banking book

segments but are allocated to other segments or held centrally in Corporate & Other

2Accounting asymmetry in the recognition of the Group’s trading book and related hedging activities primarily arises from funding costs associated with trading book

positions where the funding cost is reported in net interest income but is offset by revenues on the underlying positions recorded in noninterest income. Conversely, it

can also arise from the use of fair valued instruments to hedge key banking book segments positions where the cost or income of the underlying position is recorded as

interest income, but the hedge impact is recorded as a noninterest income. These effects from trading book and related hedge activities primarily occur in the Investment

Bank (ex FIC Financing), Asset Management and Corporate & Other including Treasury other than held in the key banking book segments

3Interest earning assets are financial instruments or investments that generate interest income in the form of interest payments. Interest earnings assets are averaged on a

monthly basis and across quarters and for the full year

4For the Group and the segments, net interest income (before provision for credit losses) as a percentage of average total interest earnings assets. Net interest margins per

segment are based on their contribution to the Group results

443

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	Adjusted costs/nonoperating costs

Adjusted costs/nonoperating costs

Adjusted costs is one of the Group’s key performance indicators and is a Non-GAAP financial measure for which the most

directly comparable IFRS financial measure is noninterest expenses. Adjusted costs is calculated by deducting (i)

impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, (ii) net litigation charges and (iii) restructuring and severance (in total

referred to as nonoperating costs) from noninterest expenses under IFRS. The Group believes that a presentation of

noninterest expenses excluding the impact of these items provides a more meaningful depiction of the costs associated

with the operating businesses.

		2025
in € m		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total consolidated
Noninterest expenses		4,603		6,675		6,738		1,823		819		20,658
Nonoperating costs
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		—		—
Litigation charges, net		(9)		65		29		6		88		179
Restructuring and severance		29		48		78		19		8		183
Total nonoperating costs		21		113		107		25		96		362
Adjusted costs		4,582		6,563		6,631		1,798		724		20,297

		2024
in € m		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total consolidated
Noninterest expenses		5,058		6,660		7,331		1,823		2,100		22,971
Nonoperating costs
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		—		—		—		—		—
Litigation charges, net		376		126		28		13		1,491		2,035
Restructuring and severance		103		101		301		24		1		529
Total nonoperating costs		479		227		330		37		1,491		2,564
Adjusted costs		4,579		6,433		7,001		1,786		608		20,407

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

		2023
in € m		Corporate Bank		Investment Bank		Private Bank		Asset Management		Corporate & Other		Total consolidated
Noninterest expenses		4,623		6,846		7,755		1,825		647		21,695
Nonoperating costs
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		233		—		—		—		233
Litigation charges, net		53		147		123		26		(37)		311
Restructuring and severance		76		87		346		34		23		566
Total nonoperating costs		129		468		468		59		(14)		1,110
Adjusted costs		4,495		6,378		7,287		1,765		661		20,585

Prior year’s comparatives aligned to presentation in the current year

Revenues and costs on a currency adjusted basis

Revenues and costs on a currency-adjusted basis are calculated by translating prior-period revenues or costs that were

generated or incurred in non-euro currencies into euros at the foreign exchange rates that prevailed during the current

year period. These adjusted figures, and period-to-period percentage changes based thereon, are intended to provide

information on the development of underlying business volumes and costs.

444

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	Net assets (adjusted)

Net assets (adjusted)

Net assets (adjusted) are defined as IFRS Total assets adjusted to reflect the recognition of legal netting agreements,

offsetting of cash collateral received and paid and offsetting pending settlements balances. The Group believes that a

presentation of net assets (adjusted) makes comparisons to its competitors easier.

in € b. (unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023
Total assets		1,440		1,391		1,317
Deduct: Derivatives (incl. hedging derivatives) credit line netting		181		230		196
Deduct: Derivatives cash collateral received/paid		60		59		56
Deduct: Securities Financing Transactions credit line netting		2		2		2
Deduct: Pending settlements netting		53		13		29
Net assets (adjusted)		1,144		1,087		1,034

Book Value and Tangible Book Value per Basic Share

Outstanding

Book value per basic share outstanding and tangible book value per basic share outstanding are Non-GAAP financial

measures that are used and relied upon by investors and industry analysts as capital adequacy metrics. Book value per

basic share outstanding represents the Bank’s total shareholders’ equity divided by the number of basic shares

outstanding at period-end. Tangible book value represents the Bank’s total shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other

intangible assets. Tangible book value per basic share outstanding is computed by dividing tangible book value by

period-end basic shares outstanding.

Tangible Book Value

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Total shareholders’ equity (Book value)		69,015		68,709		65,999		306		0%		2,711		4%
Goodwill and other intangible assets1		(6,843)		(6,962)		(6,573)		119		(2)%		(389)		6%
Tangible shareholders’ equity (Tangible book value)		62,172		61,747		59,426		425		1%		2,321		4%

1Excludes Goodwill and other intangible assets attributable to partial sale of DWS

Basic Shares Outstanding

in € m.								2025 increase (decrease) from 2024				2024 increase (decrease) from 2023
(unless stated otherwise)		2025		2024		2023		in € m.		in %		in € m.		in %
Number of shares		1,910.6		1,994.7		2,040.2		(84.1)		(4.2)		(45.5)		(2.2)
Shares outstanding:
Treasury shares		(7.7)		(49.6)		(48.2)		41.9		(84.5)		(1.4)		2.9
Vested share awards		36.7		38.5		46.3		(1.8)		(4.8)		(7.8)		(16.9)
Basic shares outstanding		1,939.5		1,983.6		2,038.4		(44.1)		(2.2)		(54.8)		(2.7)
Book value per basic share outstanding in €		35.58		34.64		32.38		0.94		2.7		2.26		7.0
Tangible book value per basic share outstanding in €		32.06		31.13		29.15		0.93		3.0		1.98		6.8

445

Deutsche Bank	Non-GAAP financial measures
Annual Report 2025	CRR/CRD Regulatory measures

CRR/CRD Regulatory measures

The Group’s regulatory assets, exposures, risk-weighted assets, capital and ratios are calculated for regulatory purposes

and are set forth throughout this document under the CRR/CRD as currently applicable.

For the comparative period year end 2021, certain figures are based on the CRR definition of own fund instruments

(applicable for Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital and Tier 2 capital and figures based thereon, including Tier 1, Total Capital

and Leverage Ratio) are presented on a “fully loaded” basis. Such fully loaded figures are calculated excluding the

transitional arrangements for own fund instruments as provided in the respectively applicable CRR/CRD. Deutsche Bank

had immaterial amounts of such instruments outstanding at year end 2022 and 2023. Measures calculated pursuant to

the Group’s fully loaded methodology are non-GAAP financial measures.

Starting with the third quarter 2024, until the discontinuation in the fourth quarter 2025, Deutsche Bank had adopted

the temporary treatment of unrealized gains and losses measured at fair value through OCI in accordance with Article

468 CRR. The impact of this implementation is presented in the section “Key risk metrics”.

446

Deutsche Bank	Declaration of Backing
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

447

Deutsche Bank	Declaration of Backing
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

448

Deutsche Bank	Group Five-Year Record
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

449

Deutsche Bank	Group Five-Year Record
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

450

Deutsche Bank	Imprint
Annual Report 2025

[Page intentionally left blank for SEC filing purposes]

S-1

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)

Information required by subpart 1400 of SEC Regulation S-K

Amounts for 2025, 2024 and 2023 are prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, consistent with the

Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

S-2

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Financial condition

Average balance sheet based upon month-end balances

Average balance sheet and interest and similar income		2025						2024						2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Average balance		Interest and similar income		Average yield/rate		Average balance		Interest and similar income		Average yield/rate		Average balance		Interest and similar income		Average yield/rate
Assets:1
Interest-earning deposits with banks:2,4
In German offices		47,247		1,242		2.63%		58,807		2,725		4.63%		76,885		2,723		3.54%
In Non-German offices		84,307		3,751		4.45%		85,074		4,964		5.83%		87,356		4,915		5.63%
Total interest-earning deposits with banks		131,553		4,993		3.80%		143,880		7,689		5.34%		164,241		7,638		4.65%
Central bank funds sold:5
In German offices		—		—		N/M		—		—		N/M		—		—		N/M
In Non-German offices		—		—		N/M		—		1		N/M		—		1		N/M
Total central bank funds sold		—		—		N/M		—		1		N/M		—		1		N/M
Securities purchased under resale agreements:4,5
In German offices		20,600		955		4.64%		14,462		895		6.19%		5,212		389		7.46%
In Non-German offices		16,496		1,281		7.76%		10,976		1,040		9.48%		6,864		679		9.90%
Total securities purchased under resale agreements		37,095		2,236		6.03%		25,438		1,935		7.61%		12,076		1,068		8.85%
Securities borrowed:4
In German offices		18		3		15.58%		32		3		8.22%		73		2		3.04%
In Non-German offices		20		—		N/M		16		—		N/M		2		3		N/M
Total securities borrowed		37		3		7.37%		49		3		5.44%		75		5		6.98%
Interest-earning financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:4
In German offices		73,485		1,687		2.30%		65,667		2,003		3.05%		61,225		1,475		2.41%
In Non-German offices		202,335		10,240		5.06%		186,580		10,402		5.58%		155,018		8,005		5.16%
Total interest-earning financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		275,820		11,927		4.32%		252,247		12,405		4.92%		216,243		9,480		4.38%
Financial assets at fair value through OCI:4
In German offices		4,245		89		2.10%		3,866		81		2.10%		3,754		73		1.94%
In Non-German offices		38,562		1,356		3.52%		35,778		1,359		3.80%		27,568		1,027		3.72%
Total financial assets at fair value through OCI		42,808		1,445		3.38%		39,644		1,440		3.63%		31,322		1,100		3.51%
Loans at amortized cost:3,4
In German offices		248,974		7,259		2.92%		255,185		7,757		3.04%		262,486		7,271		2.77%
In Non-German offices		232,703		13,988		6.01%		229,014		15,573		6.80%		227,552		14,760		6.49%
Total loans		481,676		21,248		4.41%		484,199		23,330		4.80%		490,038		22,032		4.50%
Total other interest-earning assets4		71,995		2,546		3.54%		56,237		2,127		3.78%		63,629		2,066		3.25%
Total interest-earning assets		1,040,986		44,397		4.26%		1,001,695		48,928		4.88%		977,624		43,389		4.44%
Cash and due from banks		21,571						20,526						17,188
Noninterest-earning financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
In German offices		113,208						114,121						131,000
In Non-German offices		145,723						133,943						139,411
All other assets		116,659						105,303						92,682
Allowance for credit losses		(5,922)						(5,544)						(5,170)
Total assets		1,432,225						1,370,042						1,352,734
% of assets attributable to Non-German offices		46%						45%						44%

 

S-3

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Average balance sheet and interest expense		2025						2024						2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Average balance		Interest		Average yield/rate		Average balance		Interest		Average yield/rate		Average balance		Interest		Average yield/rate
Liabilities and equity:1
Interest-bearing deposits:4
In German offices:
Time deposits		104,644		2,935		2.80%		112,564		4,393		3.90%		105,401		3,717		3.53%
Savings deposits		87,278		1,074		1.23%		87,437		1,175		1.34%		81,730		624		0.76%
Demand deposits		109,814		1,833		1.67%		96,261		2,635		2.74%		68,340		1,604		2.35%
Total in German offices		301,736		5,843		1.94%		296,261		8,203		2.77%		255,472		5,945		2.33%
In Non-German offices:
Time deposits		99,379		3,896		3.92%		89,683		4,009		4.47%		66,861		3,156		4.72%
Savings deposits		1,258		102		8.11%		1,330		104		7.82%		1,475		86		5.85%
Demand deposits		93,796		2,117		2.26%		82,735		2,091		2.53%		78,820		1,445		1.83%
Total in Non-German offices		194,433		6,115		3.15%		173,748		6,204		3.57%		147,156		4,688		3.19%
Total interest-bearing deposits		496,169		11,958		2.41%		470,010		14,407		3.07%		402,628		10,632		2.64%
Central bank funds purchased:5
In German offices		—		—		—%		—		—		—%		—		—		—%
In Non-German offices		992		37		3.71%		303		40		13.06%		578		39		6.71%
Total central bank funds purchased		992		37		3.71%		303		40		13.06%		578		39		6.71%
Securities sold under repurchase agreements:4,5
In German offices		1,900		322		16.93%		2,236		424		18.95%		998		169		16.98%
In Non-German offices		1,046		492		47.07%		466		245		52.56%		340		180		52.84%
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements		2,947		814		27.63%		2,702		669		24.74%		1,338		349		26.10%
Securities loaned:4
In German offices		—		—		N/M		—		—		N/M		3		—		N/M
In Non-German offices		2		2		N/M		5		5		N/M		6		13		N/M
Total securities loaned		2		2		N/M		5		5		N/M		10		13		N/M
Interest-bearing financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:4
In German offices		55,254		1,814		3.28%		47,341		1,723		3.64%		40,832		1,004		2.46%
In Non-German offices		105,571		5,693		5.39%		99,360		6,726		6.77%		99,399		5,937		5.97%
Total interest-bearing financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		160,825		7,507		4.67%		146,702		8,449		5.76%		140,231		6,941		4.95%
Commercial paper:5
In German offices		3,149		91		2.88%		1,369		62		4.57%		1,870		83		4.42%
In Non-German offices		7,608		266		3.49%		2,776		128		4.61%		1,236		61		4.96%
Total commercial paper		10,757		356		3.31%		4,145		191		4.60%		3,106		144		4.63%
Other short-term borrowings:4
In German offices		1,333		50		3.74%		1,449		72		4.99%		1,073		30		2.79%
In Non-German offices		3,186		112		3.52%		3,673		127		3.46%		2,817		136		4.82%
Total other short-term borrowings		4,519		162		3.58%		5,122		199		3.89%		3,890		166		4.26%
Long-term debt and trust preferred securities:4
In German offices		89,874		3,337		3.71%		86,734		4,593		5.30%		89,391		3,885		4.35%
In Non-German offices		25,042		1,799		7.18%		27,937		2,189		7.83%		35,405		2,280		6.44%
Total long-term debt and trust preferred securities		114,916		5,136		4.47%		114,671		6,781		5.91%		124,796		6,165		4.94%
Total other interest-bearing liabilities4		57,736		2,752		4.77%		53,525		3,028		5.66%		59,379		2,819		4.75%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		848,862		28,724		3.38%		797,184		33,768		4.24%		735,956		27,267		3.71%

 

S-4

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Average balance sheet and interest expense		2025						2024						2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Average balance		Interest		Average yield/rate		Average balance		Interest		Average yield/rate		Average balance		Interest		Average yield/rate
Noninterest-bearing deposits:
In German offices		149,468						152,658						188,312
In Non-German offices		20,886						21,590						23,859
Noninterest-bearing financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:
In German offices		95,714						98,482						112,497
In Non-German offices		139,426						135,405						142,339
All other noninterest-bearing liabilities		96,095						87,082						76,282
Total shareholders’ equity		68,543						66,353						63,149
Additional equity components		11,686						9,603						8,563
Noncontrolling interests		1,545						1,684						1,778
Total equity		81,774						77,641						73,490
Total liabilities and equity		1,432,225						1,370,042						1,352,734
% of liabilities attributable to Non-German offices		43%						42%						41%
Rate spread		0.88%						0.65%						0.73%
Net interest margin (Net interest income to total interest-earning assets):
In German offices		0.08%						(0.39%)						0.21%
In Non-German offices		2.52%						2.90%						2.81%
Total		1.51%						1.51%						1.65%

N/M – Not meaningful

1The allocation of the assets and liabilities between German and Non-German offices are based on the location of the entity which carries the respective asset or liability.

2Interest-earning deposits with banks include interest earning deposit with central bank and interest earning deposit with bank w/o central bank.

3Loans include impaired loans.

4Figures in interest revenue and expense positions are based on net effect of negative interest revenue and expenses. However, negative interest revenue and expenses

are reported in ‘’others’’ in interest and similar income and interest expenses, respectively, in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statement.

5As per the Securities Exchange Commission’s revised guidance, Central bank funds sold, Securities purchased under resale agreements, Central bank funds purchase,

Securities sold under repurchase agreements and Commercial paper have been disclosed separately along with prior year’s figure.

S-5

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Analysis of changes in interest and similar income and interest expense

		2025 over 2024 due to changes in¹						2024 over 2023 due to changes in¹
in € m.		Net change		Volume		Rate		Net change		Volume		Rate
Interest and similar income:
Interest-earning deposits with banks:
German offices		(1,483)		(463)		(1,019)		2		(726)		727
Non-German offices		(1,212)		(44)		(1,168)		49		(130)		179
Total interest-earning deposits with banks		(2,695)		(508)		(2,188)		51		(856)		907
Central bank funds sold:
German offices		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-German offices		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total central bank funds sold		—		—		—		—		—		—
Securities purchased under resale agreements:
German offices		60		320		(260)		506		583		(77)
Non-German offices		241		454		(213)		361		391		(30)
Total securities purchased under resale agreements		301		773		(473)		867		973		(107)
Securities borrowed:
German offices		—		(2)		2		—		(2)		2
Non-German offices		—		—		—		(3)		3		(6)
Total securities borrowed		—		(2)		2		(3)		1		(3)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss:
German offices		(316)		219		(535)		528		113		415
Non-German offices		(162)		840		(1,002)		2,397		1,723		674
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		(478)		1,059		(1,537)		2,926		1,836		1,089
Financial assets at fair value through OCI:
German offices		8		8		—		8		2		6
Non-German offices		(3)		102		(104)		332		311		21
Total financial assets at fair value through OCI		5		110		(105)		341		314		27
Loans at amortized cost:
German offices		(497)		(186)		(311)		485		(207)		692
Non-German offices		(1,585)		247		(1,832)		813		95		717
Total loans		(2,082)		61		(2,143)		1,298		(111)		1,409
Other interest-earning assets		419		379		41		60		(268)		329
Total interest and similar income		(4,530)		1,873		(6,403)		5,539		1,889		3,650
Interest expense:
Interest-bearing deposits:
German offices		(2,360)		149		(2,509)		2,258		1,031		1,227
Non-German offices		(89)		695		(783)		1,516		908		608
Total interest-bearing deposits		(2,449)		844		(3,292)		3,775		1,940		1,835
Central bank funds purchased:
German offices		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-German offices		(3)		41		(44)		1		(24)		25
Total central bank funds purchased agreements		(3)		41		(44)		1		(24)		25
Securities sold under repurchase agreements:
German offices		(102)		(60)		(42)		254		233		22
Non-German offices		248		276		(28)		65		66		(1)
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements		146		216		(70)		319		299		21
Securities loaned:
German offices		—		—		—		—		—		—
Non-German offices		(3)		(3)		1		(8)		(2)		(6)
Total securities loaned		(3)		(3)		1		(8)		(2)		(6)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss:
German offices		90		270		(180)		719		179		540

S-6

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

		2025 over 2024 due to changes in¹						2024 over 2023 due to changes in¹
Non-German offices		(1,032)		400		(1,433)		789		(2)		791
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		(942)		670		(1,613)		1,508		177		1,331
Commercial paper:
German offices		28		58		(30)		(20)		(23)		3
Non-German offices		138		175		(38)		67		71		(5)
Total commercial paper		166		233		(67)		47		49		(2)
Other short-term borrowings:
German offices		(22)		(5)		(17)		42		13		29
Non-German offices		(15)		(17)		2		(9)		35		(44)
Total other short-term borrowings		(37)		(23)		(15)		34		48		(15)
Long-term debt and trust preferred securities:
German offices		(1,255)		161		(1,416)		708		(119)		826
Non-German offices		(390)		(216)		(173)		(91)		(532)		441
Total long-term debt and trust preferred securities		(1,645)		(55)		(1,590)		616		(651)		1,267
Other interest-bearing liabilities		(276)		193		(469)		209		(296)		505
Total interest expense		(5,043)		2,115		(7,159)		6,500		1,540		4,961
Net change in net interest income		513		(243)		756		(961)		349		(1,310)

1Changes due to combination of volume and rate are allocated proportionally.

S-7

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Investment portfolio

The Group’s total investment portfolio as of December 31, 2025, was € 78.4 billion (debt securities at fair value through

other comprehensive income € 38.1 billion and debt securities at amortized cost € 40.3 billion). The following table

presents the approximate weighted-average yields (based on amortized cost) by maturity distribution of the Group’s

investment portfolio as of December 31, 2025:

		Up to one year				More than one year and up to five years				More than five years and up to ten years				More than ten years				Total
in € m.		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
German government		63		2.5%		63		3.5%		3,342		2.1%		1,087		2.2%		4,556		2.2%
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies		1,336		1.2%		3,530		1.4%		8,780		2.4%		578		2.5%		14,224		2.0%
U.S. local (municipal) governments		54		5.8%		137		5.8%		—		—%		1,028		8.3%		1,218		7.8%
Other foreign governments		5,077		3.4%		9,733		2.9%		31,487		2.6%		2,674		1.5%		48,971		2.7%
Corporates		82		3.7%		1,165		5.5%		93		7.6%		48		—%		1,388		5.4%
Other asset-backed securities		—		—%		—		—%		152		3.3%		—		—%		152		3.3%
Mortgage-backed securities, including obligations of U.S. federal agencies		2,829		5.4%		437		4.4%		374		3.9%		481		4.3%		4,121		5.0%
Other debt securities		1,634		1.4%		959		3.2%		179		3.5%		952		3.6%		3,724		2.5%

S-8

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Loan Portfolio

Analysis of maturities of the Group’s loan portfolio (excluding lease financing)

Dec 31, 2025 in € m.		Within 1 year		After 1 but within 5 years		After 5 but within 15 years		After 15 years		Total
German:
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		41		24		88		34		188
Mining and quarrying		17		8		11		1		37
Manufacturing		5,296		3,144		913		216		9,570
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		179		223		350		83		834
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		101		67		101		23		292
Construction		368		223		367		310		1,268
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		4,560		893		641		378		6,471
Transport and storage		522		193		371		41		1,128
Accommodation and food service activities		166		129		431		121		847
Information and communication		395		256		106		133		890
Financial and insurance activities		2,937		4,352		1,881		1,121		10,291
Real estate activities		1,525		1,445		2,939		4,023		9,932
Professional, scientific and technical activities		989		1,387		1,586		1,489		5,451
Administrative and support service activities		350		382		275		382		1,389
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		252		90		132		235		708
Education		16		18		29		35		97
Human health services and social work activities		240		361		1,153		564		2,317
Arts, entertainment and recreation		30		31		71		92		225
Other service activities		817		846		1,119		194		2,977
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		5,824		19,612		57,777		77,356		160,569
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		—								—
Total German		24,626		33,683		70,342		86,832		215,482
Non-German:
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		75		52		31		2		160
Mining and quarrying		2,556		638		399		5		3,597
Manufacturing		12,586		4,271		1,655		128		18,641
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		1,738		1,911		473		173		4,294
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		176		169		78		1		424
Construction		1,574		1,671		559		239		4,042
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		12,390		2,241		670		556		15,857
Transport and storage		886		1,867		750		63		3,566
Accommodation and food service activities		748		1,293		724		62		2,827
Information and communication		4,073		4,970		332		245		9,620
Financial and insurance activities		45,947		69,696		9,980		2,572		128,195
Real estate activities		13,863		20,138		2,583		637		37,221
Professional, scientific and technical activities		1,696		2,373		718		258		5,046
Administrative and support service activities		2,015		3,157		547		54		5,773
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		1,579		1,573		3,956		336		7,443
Education		95		95		22		15		228
Human health services and social work activities		316		832		286		155		1,589
Arts, entertainment and recreation		41		306		294		15		655
Other service activities		4,335		1,052		1,308		234		6,929
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		7,692		8,864		9,098		7,554		33,208
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		12		4		—				16
Total Non-German		114,391		127,172		34,463		13,304		289,331
Gross loans		139,017		160,855		104,805		100,135		504,813
(Deferred expense)/unearned income		36		207		636		313		1,191
Loans less (deferred expense)/unearned income		138,981		160,648		104,169		99,822		503,622

S-9

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Volumes of loans in loan portfolio (excluding lease financing) with residual maturities of more than one year from that

date

Dec 31, 2025 in € m.		Within 1 years		After one but within 5 years		After 5 but within 15 years		After 15 years		Total
Fixed rate loans		42,875		44,201		79,299		89,273		255,647
Floating or adjustable rate loans		96,142		116,654		25,506		10,862		249,165
Total		139,017		160,855		104,805		100,135		504,813

Allowances for Credit Losses

In accordance with updated SEC disclosure requirements as of September 2020, we below show Loans at amortized

cost, Allowance for loan losses, net charge offs and two credit ratios by NACE code. Numbers for exposures and

allowances differ from those disclosed in the Asset Quality section of this report, where we apply a broader scope (all

Financial assets at amortized cost rather than just loans) in line with IFRS 9 requirements.

Loans at amortized Cost by Industry type

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m.		Loans at amortized cost (Gross carrying Amount)		Allowance for credit losses		Net Charge Offs		Allowance for credit losses to total loans at amortized cost at end of period (%) ¹		Net charge-offs during the period to average loans at amortized cost outstanding during the period (%)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		346		7		(1)		1.89%		(0.29)%
Mining and quarrying		1,964		19		(1)		0.99%		(0.02)%
Manufacturing		26,496		604		55		2.28%		0.22%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		4,787		81		25		1.69%		0.57%
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		675		6		2		0.92%		0.26%
Construction		4,628		115		8		2.50%		0.17%
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		21,094		504		27		2.39%		0.13%
Transport and storage		4,580		85		11		1.86%		0.23%
Accommodation and food service activities		3,560		41		3		1.16%		0.10%
Information and communication		8,920		119		8		1.34%		0.09%
Financial and insurance activities		129,848		775		124		0.60%		0.10%
Real estate activities		45,505		842		286		1.85%		0.59%
Professional, scientific and technical activities		9,873		137		16		1.39%		0.20%
Administrative and support service activities		6,820		62		(6)		0.91%		(0.08)%
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		7,758		26		(1)		0.34%		(0.02)%
Education		249		3		—		1.31%		0.16%
Human health services and social work activities		3,808		36		16		0.96%		0.40%
Arts, entertainment and recreation		851		10		1		1.21%		0.20%
Other service activities		7,048		155		35		2.20%		0.44%
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		195,459		2,419		230		1.24%		0.12%
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		4		—		—		2.91%		(0.06)%
Total		484,270		6,049		838		1.25%		0.17%

1Credit ratio defined as allowance for credit losses to total loans at amortized cost at the end of period in this table excludes collateral. Considering collateral, credit ratio

is materially higher.

Loans at Amortized Cost exposure decreased by € 5 billion or 1% in 2025 compared to 2024 driven by Investment Bank

and Private Bank.

Loan loss allowance increased by € 381 million or 7% in 2025, which was mainly driven by stage 3 due to additional

charges in the CRE portfolio and Direct Lending and Infrastructure Business within Investment Bank as well as new

defaults in Private Bank.

S-10

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Net charge-offs declined by € 234 million or 22% in 2025 due to a decrease in gross charge-offs mainly driven by

Households.

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m.		Loans at amortized cost (Gross carrying Amount)		Allowance for credit losses		Net Charge Offs		Allowance for credit losses to total loans at amortized cost at end of period (%) ¹		Net charge-offs during the period to average loans at amortized cost outstanding during the period (%)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		336		6		—		1.77%		0.04%
Mining and quarrying		1,885		11		—		0.57%		—%
Manufacturing		26,634		596		49		2.24%		0.18%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		4,346		92		—		2.11%		—%
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		595		4		—		0.69%		0.06%
Construction		4,330		105		(59)		2.43%		(1.37)%
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		21,405		375		86		1.75%		0.45%
Transport and storage		4,766		52		9		1.09%		0.18%
Accommodation and food service activities		2,665		32		5		1.22%		0.26%
Information and communication		8,930		79		128		0.89%		1.56%
Financial and insurance activities		126,640		853		29		0.67%		0.03%
Real estate activities		49,859		664		168		1.33%		0.36%
Professional, scientific and technical activities		6,276		104		20		1.66%		0.31%
Administrative and support service activities		8,921		61		41		0.68%		0.48%
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		5,740		39		—		0.68%		(0.01)%
Education		295		3		—		0.91%		0.10%
Human health services and social work activities		4,130		29		—		0.70%		0.01%
Arts, entertainment and recreation		820		6		—		0.74%		0.04%
Other service activities		6,213		101		50		1.63%		0.26%
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		204,788		2,457		495		1.20%		0.24%
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		5		—		—		2.70%		(0.04)%
Total		489,579		5,668		1,072		1.16%		0.22%

1Credit ratio defined as allowance for credit losses to total loans at amortized cost at the end of period in this table excludes collateral. Considering collateral, credit ratio

is materially higher.

Loans at Amortized Cost exposure increased by € 5 billion or 1% in 2024 compared to 2023 driven by Investment Bank

partly offset by Private Bank.

Loan loss allowance increased by € 498 million or 10% in 2024, which was mainly driven by stage 3 due to additional

charges in the CRE portfolio and in Corporate Bank as well as new defaults in Private Bank, almost overcompensated by

non-performing loans sales.

Net charge-offs increased by € 32 million or 3% in 2024, due to the increase of recoveries in Construction.

S-11

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

		Dec 31, 2023
in € m.		Loans at amortized cost (Gross carrying Amount)		Allowance for credit losses		Net Charge Offs		Allowance for credit losses to total loans at amortized cost at end of period (%) ¹		Net charge-offs during the period to average loans at amortized cost outstanding during the period (%)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing		384		5		2		1.41%		0.52%
Mining and quarrying		2,774		8		25		0.31%		1.03%
Manufacturing		28,397		531		179		1.87%		0.61%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply		4,081		23		31		0.55%		0.67%
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities		486		5		1		0.98%		0.16%
Construction		4,257		107		126		2.51%		3.00%
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles		21,030		400		120		1.90%		0.59%
Transport and storage		4,924		44		36		0.90%		0.69%
Accommodation and food service activities		1,862		31		3		1.67%		0.14%
Information and communication		7,589		49		88		0.64%		1.23%
Financial and insurance activities		110,901		753		100		0.68%		0.09%
Real estate activities		49,267		460		50		0.93%		0.10%
Professional, scientific and technical activities		6,889		91		36		1.32%		0.52%
Administrative and support service activities		8,911		140		4		1.57%		0.05%
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security		5,731		37		2		0.65%		0.04%
Education		279		3		—		1.10%		(0.03)%
Human health services and social work activities		4,390		25		—		0.58%		—%
Arts, entertainment and recreation		1,017		10		27		0.95%		2.62%
Other service activities		4,727		59		65		1.25%		1.61%
Activities of households as employers, undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use		216,630		2,387		208		1.10%		0.09%
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies		—		—		—		0.80%		9.38%
Total		484,527		5,170		1,104		1.07%		0.23%

1Credit ratio defined as allowance for credit losses to total loans at amortized cost at the end of period in this table excludes collateral. Considering collateral, credit ratio

is materially higher.

Loans at Amortized Cost exposure went up by € 4 billion or 1% in 2023 compared to 2022, across business divisions.

Loan loss allowance slightly increased by € 379 million or 8% in 2023, which was mainly driven by higher bookings and

the release of the existing overlay in stage 3 in Private Bank (which at first application led to a decrease of Allowance for

Credit Losses), as explained earlier.

Net charge-offs increased by € 132 million or 14% in 2023 which was mainly due to Corporate Bank.

S-12

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Foreign outstandings

The following tables list only those countries for which the cross-border outstandings exceeded 0.75% of the Group’s

total assets as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Offsetting of local country claims is done for third party liabilities

of the respective foreign offices that represent legal obligations of the foreign offices and for which no payment is

guaranteed at locations outside of the country of the office. As of December 31, 2025, there were no outstandings that

exceeded 0.75% of total assets in any country currently facing debt restructuring or liquidity problems that the Group

expects would materially impact the country’s ability to service its obligations.

		Dec 31, 2025
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Banks and other financial institutions		Governments and Official institutions		Other1		Commit- ments		Net local country claim		Total		in %
USA		15,447		44,842		94,142		9,033		143,004		306,468		21.36%
Italy		12,972		33,231		30,170		2,587		22,502		101,462		7.07%
Great Britain		4,739		27,476		34,106		12,585		11,487		90,393		6.30%
France		6,132		35,842		29,635		9,878		—		81,487		5.68%
Luxembourg		5,784		4,935		17,980		5,514		7,251		41,464		2.89%
Spain		5,305		13,750		13,282		2,294		—		34,631		2.41%
Belgium		1,527		18,918		11,345		1,735		—		33,525		2.34%
Switzerland		1,509		3,584		7,772		7,413		1,046		21,324		1.49%
Ireland		422		3,914		11,454		4,887		—		20,677		1.44%
Netherlands		2,845		3,745		8,515		5,322		—		20,427		1.42%
Austria		589		12,110		3,025		1,009		—		16,733		1.17%

1Other includes commercial and industrial, insurance and other loans.

		Dec 31, 2024
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Banks and other financial institutions		Governments and Official institutions		Other1		Commit- ments		Net local country claim		Total		in %
USA		3,520		49,908		102,191		9,330		134,481		299,430		21.59%
Great Britain		3,195		35,061		39,181		12,018		10,313		99,768		7.19%
Italy		8,667		28,245		21,084		2,552		22,283		82,831		5.97%
France		3,513		20,531		22,023		8,554		—		54,621		3.94%
Luxembourg		5,370		5,283		15,354		4,858		4,222		35,087		2.53%
Spain		5,261		12,724		10,439		2,166		—		30,590		2.21%
Belgium		1,105		10,187		9,018		2,074		—		22,384		1.61%
Switzerland		3,253		3,883		6,482		7,103		994		21,715		1.57%
Ireland		106		2,987		12,218		4,148		—		19,459		1.40%
Netherlands		2,186		3,234		8,328		5,617		—		19,365		1.40%

1Other includes commercial and industrial, insurance and other loans.

		Dec 31, 2023
in € m. (unless stated otherwise)		Banks and other financial institutions		Governments and Official institutions		Other1		Commit- ments		Net local country claim		Total		in %
USA		1,869		50,159		95,781		6,568		123,772		278,149		21.20%
Great Britain		1,991		28,112		18,924		10,914		20,107		80,048		6.10%
Italy		4,150		31,097		18,373		2,493		23,176		79,289		6.04%
France		2,142		15,926		18,279		7,675		2,892		46,914		3.57%
Luxembourg		6,658		4,148		14,899		5,166		6,871		37,742		2.88%
Spain		2,692		10,823		13,992		2,647		—		30,154		2.30%
Switzerland		1,458		4,650		7,536		9,335		1,529		24,508		1.87%
Netherlands		1,868		3,952		9,190		5,876		—		20,886		1.59%
Ireland		236		3,286		10,250		3,565		—		17,337		1.32%
Belgium		741		7,472		5,856		1,038		—		15,107		1.15%
China		3,121		5,514		1,519		403		—		10,557		0.80%

1Other includes commercial and industrial, insurance and other loans.

S-13

Deutsche Bank	Supplemental Financial Information (Unaudited)
Annual Report  2025 on Form 20-F

Deposits

Information regarding average deposits balances and average interest rates on deposits is outlined in the table of

Financial Condition above.

For purposes of the disclosure of uninsured time deposits, the residual amount of total time deposits versus insured time

deposits has been considered. Insured time deposits have been identified considering both statutory and voluntary

deposit protection schemes in each relevant jurisdiction. Below is an overview of the deposit protection schemes

applicable for Deutsche Bank in its home country Germany:

Statutory depositor protection is stipulated by European directives in the European Union. These directives have been

transformed into national law by the Deposit Guarantee Act (Einlagensicherungsgesetz, or EinSiG) in Germany. The

statutory guarantee scheme ensures entitlement to compensation amounting up to € 100,000 per depositor across all

types of deposits – demand, time, and savings deposits – from selected depositors such as private individuals,

partnerships, and corporations outside the financial industry.

The statutory deposit guarantee scheme is supplemented by a voluntary deposit guarantee fund established by the

Federal Association of German Banks (BdB). This additional scheme protects deposits from private individuals,

partnerships, and corporations outside the financial industry, covering current, time, and savings deposits, to the extent

these are not already covered by the statutory compensation scheme, up to a coverage level per depositor of 15% of the

bank's own funds.

For this disclosure, across all domestic and foreign branches of Deutsche Bank AG, deposits from banks were considered

100% uninsured, deposits from retail clients 100% insured. For deposits from other depositors, a fixed percentage based

on the proportion of time deposits to total deposits covered under the German statutory deposit guarantee scheme has

been applied to estimate non-insured time deposits for this client group. All remaining entities of the Deutsche Bank

Group have determined the amount of uninsured time deposits following local requirements. As of year end 2025, the

Group did not have any time deposits under FDIC insurance coverage on its books.

in € m.		Dec 31, 2025
U.S. time deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limit or similar state deposit insurance regimes		—
Time deposits that are otherwise uninsured, by maturity
3 months or less		55,418
over 3 months to 6 months		22,066
over 6 months to 12 months		21,347
over 12 months		19,532
Total Time deposits that are otherwise uninsured		118,364
Total Uninsured time deposits		118,364

 

Total deposits by foreign depositors in German offices were €55.8 billion, €61.5 billion and €62.6 billion as of December

31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Deutsche Bank	Imprint
Annual Report 2025

Imprint

Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft

Taunusanlage 12

60325 Frankfurt am Main (for letters and postcards: 60262)

Germany

Telephone: +49 69 910-00

deutsche.bank@db.com

deutsche.bank@db.com