EX-99.1 2 ea026498501ex99-1_defi.htm INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

Exhibit 99.1

 

 

 

  

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

 

(expressed in U.S. dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

 

Table of Contents

 

Condensed consolidated interim statements of financial position 3
Condensed consolidated interim statements of operations and comprehensive loss 4
Condensed consolidated interim statements of cash flows 5
Condensed consolidated interim statements of changes in equity 6
Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements 7-54

 

2

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

 

 

     September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
   January 1, 2024 
   Note  $   $   $ 
          (See Note 2 (e))   (See Note 2 (e)) 
Assets               
Current               
Cash and cash equivalents  3,22   119,541,083    15,931,525    5,086,256 
Client cash deposits  3   5,387,686    10,665,147    - 
Prepaid expenses and other assets  4   5,372,448    1,797,724    1,182,321 
Public investments, at fair value through profit and loss  5,22,25   -    778,085    - 
Digital assets  6   445,126,641    276,853,787    142,437,463 
Digital assets loaned  6   163,451,483    38,618,758    204,466,643 
Digital assets staked  6,7   111,473,563    240,031,645    23,078,945 
Equity investments in digital assets funds, at FVTPL  6,7   98,042,523    126,317,000    - 
Total current assets      948,395,427    710,993,671    376,251,628 
                   
Private investments, at fair value through profit and loss  5,22,25   43,977,068    37,348,081    32,717,095 
Digital assets  6   -    334,710    486,649 
Digital assets loaned  6   69,203,154    -    - 
Equity investments in digital assets funds, at FVTPL  6,7   95,922,432    131,108,063    - 
Equipment      15,705    103    6,094 
Right-of-use asset  14   3,155,401    -    - 
Intangible assets  9   1,026,055    1,649,270    2,660,625 
Goodwill  9   40,065,219    37,157,779    35,080,194 
Total assets      1,201,760,461    918,591,677    447,202,285 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity                  
Current liabilities                  
                   
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  10,25,26   9,599,999    3,482,464    6,899,320 
Loans payable  11,22   12,813,123    9,693,294    42,522,656 
Trading liabilities  8   16,007,678    15,109,375    - 
ETP holders payable  12   989,124,847    871,162,347    384,190,602 
Warrant liability  13   53,264,837    -    - 
Lease liability - current portion  14   540,794    -    - 
Total current liabilities      1,081,351,278    899,447,480    433,612,578 
                   
Lease liability  14   2,691,216    -    - 
Total non-current liabilities      2,691,216    -    - 
Total liabilities      1,084,042,494    899,447,480    433,612,578 
                   
Share capital  20   220,088,856    153,294,666    128,886,879 
Preferred shares  20   3,190,601    3,190,601    3,190,601 
Share-based payments reserves  21   22,905,682    26,401,006    21,282,945 
Accumulated other comprehensive income      848,457    (294,045)   (4,262,989)
Non-controlling interest  8   1,390,785    -    (3,562)
Deficit      (130,706,414)   (163,448,031)   (135,504,167)
Total equity      117,717,967    19,144,197    13,589,707 
Total liabilities and equity      1,201,760,461    918,591,677    447,202,285 
Nature of operations and going concern  1               
Commitments and contingencies  26               

 

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors:                            

 

“Olivier Roussy Newton”   “Stefan Hasct”
Director   Director

 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated interim financial statements                  

 

3

 

         

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

 

         

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2024   2025   2024 
   $   $   $   $ 
       (See Note 2 (e))       (See Note 2 (e)) 
Revenues                
Staking and lending income   7,423,166    6,450,765    24,080,749    16,807,671 
Management fees   2,885,160    1,513,633    7,547,407    4,370,976 
Trading commissions   2,233,106    -    6,230,864    - 
Research revenue   109,500    195,175    468,000    813,785 
Advisory revenue   192,407    -    192,407    - 
Revenues excluding realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   12,843,339    8,159,573    38,519,427    21,992,432 
                     
Realized and net change in unrealized gains on digital assets   118,260,624    24,817,308    29,330,978    132,477,308 
Realized and net change in unrealized gain on equity investments at FVTPL   71,235,287    21,472,220    18,207,491    10,833,817 
Realized and net change in unrealized losses on ETP payables   (179,811,419)   (26,296,262)   (6,002,344)   (114,002,560)
Revenues from realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   9,684,492    19,993,266    41,536,125    29,308,565 
Total revenues   22,527,831    28,152,839    80,055,552    51,300,997 
                     
Operating expenses                    
Operating, general and administration   8,954,453    4,576,970    23,068,641    29,219,841 
Share based payments   2,207,588    8,788,650    10,758,244    12,506,785 
Depreciation - equipment   808    1,270    1,666    5,498 
Amortization - right-of-use assets   51,180    -    51,180    - 
Amortization - intangibles   458,547    394,131    1,163,988    1,153,272 
Fees and commissions   1,812,243    1,460,966    5,936,632    2,624,068 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss   10,875    (1,532,898)   (367,259)   3,723,351 
Impairment loss (recovery)   -    24,985    -    3,647,441 
Total operating expenses   13,495,694    13,714,074    40,613,092    52,880,256 
Operating income (loss)   9,032,137    14,438,765    39,442,460    (1,579,259)
                     
Realized (loss) gain on investments   177,378    (617)   (300,804)   466,235 
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments   21    1,579,117    2,723    (259,831)
Interest income   35,325    2,024    64,419    3,137 
Finance costs   (141,510)   (573,601)   (375,552)   (2,536,463)
Financing expense   (4,675,199)   -    (4,675,199)   - 
Total other (expenses) income   (4,603,985)   1,006,923    (5,284,413)   (2,326,922)
Net income (loss) for the period before taxes   4,428,152    15,445,688    34,158,047    (3,906,181)
Current income taxes   492,246    -    1,510,499    - 
Net income (loss) for the period after taxes   3,935,906    15,445,688    32,647,548    (3,906,181)
Other comprehensive income                    
Cumulative translation adjustment   (942,908)   (427,623)   1,142,502    (1,391,374)
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the period   2,992,998    15,018,065    33,790,050    (5,297,555)
                     
Net income (loss) attributed to:                    
Owners of the parent   4,029,975    15,448,937    32,741,617    (3,902,880)
Non-controlling interests   (94,069)   (3,249)   (94,069)   (3,301)
    3,935,906    15,445,688    32,647,548    (3,906,181)
                     
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) attributed to:                    
Owners of the parent   3,065,335    15,021,314    33,862,387    (5,294,254)
Non-controlling interests   (72,337)   (3,249)   (72,337)   (3,301)
    2,992,998    15,018,065    33,790,050    (5,297,555)
                     
Income (loss) per share                    
Basic   0.01    0.05    0.10    (0.01)
Diluted   0.01    0.04    0.09    (0.01)
                     
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:                    
Basic   343,998,923    298,101,066    331,245,844    291,401,579 
Diluted   373,627,746    355,303,374    362,979,050    291,401,579 

 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated interim financial statements

 

4

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

 

  

     Nine months ended
September 30,
 
     2025   2024 
   Note  $   $ 
          (See Note 2 (e)) 
Cash (used in) provided by operations:           
Net income (loss) for the period after taxes     $32,647,548   $(3,906,181)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash (used in) operating activities:             
Share-based payments  21   10,758,244    12,506,785 
Impairment loss  9   -    3,647,441 
Interest expense  11   325,356    - 
Depreciation - equipment      1,666    5,498 
Amortization - right-of-use asset  9   51,180    - 
Amortization - Intangible asset  9   1,163,988    1,153,272 
Realized loss on investments, net  22   300,804    (466,235)
Unrealized gain on investments, net  22   (2,723)   259,831 
Realized and net change in unrealized gains on digital assets  15   (29,330,978)   (132,477,308)
Realized and net change in unrealized losses on ETP payables  17   6,002,344    129,126,606 
Realized and net change in unrealized gain on equity investments at FVTPL  16   (18,207,491)   (10,833,817)
Staking and lending income  18   (24,080,749)   (16,807,671)
Management fee revenue      (7,547,407)   (4,374,571)
Non-cash trading fees      911,242    - 
Share issuance costs expensed      4,695,578    - 
Digital asset transaction costs      -    (1,998,385)
Lease interest expense      23,128    - 
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange      4,207,517    (1,198,588)
       (18,080,753)   (25,363,323)
Adjustment for:             
Purchase of digital assets  22   (234,966,522)   (255,275,187)
Disposal of digital assets  22   62,303,444    443,533,773 
Purchase of equity investments  6,7   -    (175,245,383)
Disposal of equity investments  6,7   71,685,819    - 
Purchase of investments  22   (2,190,643)   (999,991)
Disposal of investments      -    552,943 
Change in client digital assets      5,277,461    - 
Change in prepaid expenses and deposits      (3,562,251)   (2,542,555)
Change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities      5,834,651    (2,902,324)
Change in trading liabilities      898,303    375,109 
Change in loan payable  11   (325,356)   - 
Net cash (used in) operating activities      (113,125,847)   (17,866,938)
Investing activities             
Net cash (paid for) received from acquisition of subsidiaries  8   (544,964)   237,015 
Equipment purchases      (17,268)   - 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities      (562,232)   237,015 
Financing activities             
Proceeds from ETP holders      577,376,911    361,136,794 
Payments to ETP holders      (461,136,222)   (301,607,160)
Loan proceeds      5,296,576    - 
Loan repaid      (2,502,103)   (32,096,260)
Proceeds from investments      477,281    (1,233)
Proceeds from option exercises  21   7,458,147    770,440 
Proceeds from exercise of warrants  21   540,413    1,102,032 
NCIB      (2,444,880)   (1,482,607)
Proceeds from private placement  20   100,000,001    - 
Share issuance costs  20   (8,819,331)   - 
Net cash provided by financing activities      216,246,793    27,822,006 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents      1,050,844    57,757 
Change in cash and cash equivalents      103,609,558    10,249,840 
Cash, beginning of period      15,931,525    5,086,256 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period     $119,541,083   $15,336,096 

 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated interim financial statements

 

5

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Equity

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

 

                                            

                  Share-based payments                     
   Number of Common Shares  Common Shares   Number of Preferred Shares   Preferred Shares   Options   Deferred Shares Unit
(DSU)
   Treasury shares   Warrants   Share-based Payments Reserve   Accumulated other comprehensive income   Non-controlling interest   Deficit   Total 
                                                    
Balance, December 31, 2024  321,257,689  $153,294,666    4,500,000   $3,190,601   $16,904,428   $8,768,445   $-   $728,133   $26,401,006   $(294,045)  $-   $(163,448,031)  $19,144,197 
Acquisition of Neuronomics  186,034   442,722    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    1,484,854    -    1,927,576 
DSUs cancelled  -   -    -    -    -    (655,459)   -    -    (655,459)   -    -    -    (655,459)
DSU exercised  4,235,755   6,845,046    -    -    -    (6,845,046)   -    -    (6,845,046)   -    -         - 
Option exercised  9,237,595   14,735,950    -    -    (7,277,803)   -    -    -    (7,277,803)   -    -    -    7,458,147 
Warrant exercised  3,125,000   671,132    -    -    -    -    -    (130,719)   (130,719)   -    -    -    540,413 
Share purchase agreement  1,607,717   3,909,861    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    3,909,861 
NCIB  (935,900)   (2,444,880)   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (2,444,880)
Share-based payments  -   -    -    -    4,884,872    6,528,831    -    -    11,413,703    -    -    -    11,413,703 
Private placement  45,662,101   46,758,112    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    46,758,112 
Share issuance costs  -   (4,123,753)   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (4,123,753)
Net loss and comprehensive loss  -   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    1,142,502    (94,069)   32,741,617    33,790,050 
Balance, September 30, 2025  384,375,991  $220,088,856    4,500,000   $3,190,601   $14,511,497   $7,796,771   $-   $597,414   $22,905,682   $848,457   $1,390,785   $(130,706,414)  $117,717,967 
                                                                
Balance, December 31, 2023 (See Note 2(e))  276,658,208  $128,886,879    4,500,000   $3,190,601   $13,242,820   $5,943,892   $20,268   $2,075,965   $21,282,945    (1,209,379)   (3,562)   (135,504,167)   16,643,317 
Acquisition of Reflexivity  5,000,000   2,295,276    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    2,295,276 
Acquisition of Solana CP  7,297,090   3,687,042    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    3,687,042 
Warrants exercised  6,112,789   1,431,784    -    -    -    -    -    (329,673)   (329,673)   -    -    -    1,102,111 
Options exercised  2,692,500   1,397,274    -    -    (584,749)   -    -    -    (584,749)   -    -    -    812,525 
DSUs exercised  2,107,281   1,287,205    -    -    -    (1,287,205)   -    -    (1,287,205)   -    -    (42,089)   (42,089)
Option expiry  -   -    -    -    (639,300)   -    -    -    (639,300)   -    -    639,300    - 
DSUs surrendered  -   -    -    -    -    (82,095)   -    -    (82,095)   -    -    51,592    (30,503)
NCIB  (1,020,000)   (1,218,243)   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (264,363)   (1,482,606)
Share-based payments  -   -    -    -    6,724,084    5,757,133    -    -    12,481,217    -    -    -    12,481,217 
Cumulative tranlsation adjustment  -   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (1,391,374)   -    -    (1,391,374)
Net loss and comprehensive loss  -   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -         (3,301)   (3,902,880)   (3,906,181)
Balance, September 30, 2024  298,847,868  $137,767,217    4,500,000   $3,190,601   $18,742,855   $10,331,725   $20,268   $1,746,292   $30,841,140   $(2,600,753)  $(6,863)  $(139,022,607)  $30,168,735 

 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated interim financial statements

                                             


6

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

1.Nature of operations and going concern

 

DeFi Technologies Inc. (the “Company” or “DeFi”), is a publicly listed company incorporated in the Province of British Columbia and continued under the laws of the Province of Ontario. On January 21, 2021, the Company up listed its shares to Cboe Canada Exchange (formerly the NEO Exchange) under the symbol of “DEFI”. On May 12, 2025, the Company’s shares were listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “DEFT”. DeFi is a Canadian technology company bridging the gap between traditional capital markets and decentralized finance. The Company generates revenues through the issuance of exchange traded products that synthetically track the value of a single DeFi protocol, its digital asset prime brokerage, internal arbitrage and trading business, investments in various companies and leading protocols across the decentralized finance ecosystem to build a diversified portfolio of decentralized finance assets, providing premium membership for research reports to investors and offering node management of decentralized protocols to support governance, security and transaction validation. The Company’s head office is located at 333 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5H 2R2.

 

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements were prepared on a going concern basis of presentation, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities as they become due in the normal course of operations for the next fiscal year. As at September 30, 2025, the Company has working capital deficiency of $132,955,851 (December 31, 2024 –working capital deficiency of $188,453,809), including cash of $119,541,083 (December 31, 2024 - $15,931,525) and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 had a net income and comprehensive income of $33,790,050 (for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 – net loss and comprehensive loss of $5,297,555). The Company’s current source of operating cash flow is dependent on the success of its business model and operations and there can be no assurances that sufficient funding, including adequate financing, will be available to cover the general and administrative expenses necessary for the maintenance of a public company.

 

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not reflect adjustments in the carrying value of the assets and liabilities, the reported revenues and expenses and the balance sheet classifications that would be necessary if the going concern assumption were not appropriate. These adjustments could be material.

 

International conflict and other geopolitical tensions and events, including war, military action, terrorism, tariffs, trade disputes, and international responses thereto have historically led to, and may in the future lead to, uncertainty or volatility in global commodity and financial markets and supply chains. Volatility in digital asset prices and supply chain disruptions may adversely affect the Corporation’s business, financial condition, financing options, and results of operations.

 

2.Material accounting policy information

 

(a)Statement of compliance

 

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB) applicable to the preparation of interim financial statements, including IAS 34 – Interim Financial Reporting. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which was prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements of the Company were approved for issue by the Board of Directors on November 12, 2025.

 

(b)Basis of consolidation

 

Subsidiaries consist of entities over which the Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns as well as the ability to affect these returns through the power to direct the relevant activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date control is transferred to the Company and are deconsolidated from the date control ceases. The condensed consolidated interim financial statements include all the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiary after eliminating inter-entity balances and transactions.

 

7

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

2.Material accounting policy information (continued)

 

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries DeFi Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd. (“DeFi Bermuda”), Reflexivity LLC, Valour Inc., Valour Europe AG, DeFi Middle East DMCC, Stillman Digital Inc., Stillman Digital Bermuda Ltd., and CoreFi Strategy Corp. (“CoreFi”). Neuronomics AG is 52.5% owned by the Company and is consolidated on the basis of control. Valour Digital Securities Limited is 0% owned by the Company and consolidated on the basis of control. All material intercompany transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation.

 

Intercompany balances and any unrealized gains and losses or income and expenses arising from intercompany transactions are eliminated in preparing the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

 

(c)Basis of preparation and functional currency

 

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments and investments that have been measured at fair value. In addition, these condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared using the accrual basis of accounting except for cash flow information.

 

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rate as at the date of the transaction. At each statement of financial position date, monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies other than the functional currency are translated using the year end foreign exchange rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies other than the functional currency are translated using the historical rate. All gains and losses on translation of these foreign currency transactions and balances are included in the profit and loss. The functional currency for DeFi and CoreFi is the Canadian dollar, and the functional currency for DeFi Bermuda, Reflexivity LLC, Valour Inc., Valour Europe AG, Stillman Digital Inc., Stillman Digital Bermuda Ltd. and Valour Digital Securities Limited is the U.S Dollar. The functional currency of DeFi Middle East DMCC is the United Emirates Dirham. The functional currency of Neuronomics AG is the Swiss Franc.

 

The results and financial position of foreign operations (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

 

assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet,

 

income and expenses for each statement of loss and comprehensive loss are translated at average exchange rates (unless this is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions), and

 

all resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive loss.

 

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities and of borrowings are recognized in other comprehensive loss. When a foreign operation is sold or any borrowings forming part of the net investment are repaid, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to profit or loss, as part of the gain or loss on sale.

 

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate.

 

8

 

  

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

2.Material accounting policy information (continued)

 

(d)Change in accounting policy

 

IFRS does not have clear and definitive guidance on the treatment of custodied digital assets. As such, the Company looked to industry practice and other standard setting bodies, such as SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins (“SAB”) and US GAAP for guidance on the treatment of these assets.

 

On January 23, 2025, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission published SAB 122 to rescind SAB 121 with an effective date of January 30, 2025. The application of SAB 122 is applicable for all annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2024.

 

Prior to the release of SAB 122, the Company accounted for client digital assets, held by its wholly owned subsidiary Stillman Digital Bermuda Ltd., in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 121 due to the limited IFRS guidance applicable to custodians of digital assets.

 

To ensure the Company was in-line with other regulatory bodies on the treatments of these assets, the Company adopted SAB 122 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The implication of adoption of SAB 122 was that the Company removed its safeguarding obligation liability and corresponding client digital assets from its statement of financial position. The Company also retrospectively de-recognized $3,356,235 of client digital assets and associated liabilities from its December 31, 2024 statement of financial position. No adjustments to retained earnings were made nor an accrual for loss contingency given the lack of loss events to date at Stillman Digital Bermuda Ltd.

 

(e)Change in presentation currency

 

Effective April 1, 2025, the Company changed its presentation currency from Canadian dollars (CAD) to United States dollars (USD). This change has been made to better reflect the Company’s operational and financial exposure to USD, which has become increasingly significant given its activities in the global cryptocurrency and decentralized finance (DeFi) industry, where USD is the predominant currency for transactions, valuations, and investor reporting. The Company’s shares were listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market on May 12, 2025, further supporting the change to USD presentation currency. The Company determined that USD provides more relevant and reliable financial information to users of the financial statements, particularly international investors and stakeholders.

 

In accordance with IAS 21 – The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, the change in presentation currency has been applied retrospectively. Accordingly, the comparative financial statements for prior periods have been presented as if USD had always been the Company’s presentation currency.

 

The consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss and consolidated statements of cashflows have been translated into the presentation currency using the average exchange rates prevailing during each quarterly reporting period. All monetary assets and liabilities previously reported in CAD have been translated into USD at the closing exchange rate at each respective consolidated statement of financial position date. Share capital, reserves, and other equity components were translated at the historical exchange rates prevailing on the dates of the original transactions, if the date was not readily available items were translated using the average exchange rate for each quarter.

 

The exchange rates used to reflect the change in presentation currency were as follows:

 

CAD – USD Exchange rates  Q1 – 2024   Q2 - 2024   Q3 - 2024   Q4 - 2024 
Closing rate   0.7389    0.7306    0.7408    0.6950 
Average rate   0.7415    0.7315    0.7331    0.7152 

 

CAD – USD Exchange rates  Q1 – 2023   Q2 – 2023   Q3 – 2023   Q4 - 2023 
Closing rate   0.7289    0.7553    0.7396    0.7510 
Average rate   0.7394    0.7447    0.7455    0.7340 

 

This change in presentation currency does not affect the functional currency of the Company or its subsidiaries, which remain unchanged.

 

The impact of the change in presentation currency is limited to presentation and translation of prior period figures. There was no impact on the Company’s previously reported net loss, total comprehensive loss, or cash flows, other than changes resulting from currency translation.

 

9

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

2.Material accounting policy information (continued)

 

(f)Warrant liability

 

Warrants issued in September 26, 2025, were determined to be derivative instruments that did not meet the fixed-for-fixed criteria of IAS 32. As a result, these warrants are accounted for as a financial liability and are recorded at their estimated fair value at each reporting date, computed using the Black-Scholes valuation method. Changes in fair value during each reporting period are included in income or loss for the period.

 

(g)Reclassification of Comparative Amounts


Certain amounts have been reclassified in the condensed consolidated interim statement of operations and comprehensive income/(loss) in previous periods to conform to the current period presentation. Only reclassifications have been made with no changes in accounting policies or revision of previously reported amounts. There is no change to previously reported net income (loss).

 

(h)Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

 

The preparation of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated interim financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual outcomes can differ from these estimates. The impacts of such estimates are pervasive throughout the condensed consolidated interim financial statements and may require accounting adjustments based on future occurrences. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised, and the revision affects both current and future periods.

 

Information about critical judgments and estimates in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements are as follows:

 

(i)Accounting for digital assets

 

Among its digital asset holdings, only USDC was classified by the Company as a financial asset. The rest of its digital assets were classified following the IFRS Interpretations Committee (the “Committee”) published its agenda decision on Holdings of Cryptocurrencies in June 2019. The Committee concluded that IAS 2 – Inventories applies to cryptocurrencies when they are held for sale in the ordinary course of business, otherwise an entity should apply IAS 38 - Intangible Assets to holdings of cryptocurrencies. The Company has assessed that it acts in a capacity as a commodity broker trader as defined in IAS 2 - Inventories, in characterizing certain of its holdings as inventory, or more specifically, digital assets. If assets held by commodity broker-traders are principally acquired for the purpose of selling in the near future and generating a profit from fluctuations in price or broker-traders’ margin, such assets are accounted for as inventory, and changes in fair value less costs to sell are recognized in profit or loss. Digital currencies consist of cryptocurrency denominated assets (see Note 6) and are included in current and long-term assets. Digital currencies are carried at their fair value determined by the spot rate less costs to sell. The cost to sell digital assets is nominal. The digital currency market is still a new market and is highly volatile; historical prices are not necessarily indicative of future value; a significant change in the market prices for digital currencies would have a significant impact on the Company’s earnings and financial position. Fair value is determined by taking the mid-point price at 17:30 CET digital asset exchanges consistent with the final terms for each exchange traded product (“ETP”). The primary digital asset exchanges used to value digital assets are Kraken, Bitfinex, Binance, Coinbase, Bitstamp, Bybit OKX, Vinter, Compass and Gate.IO. Where digital assets held do not have pricing on these exchanges, other exchanges would be used. On all material coins, Kraken, Bitfinex, Binance, Coinbase, Bitstamp, Bybit, OKX, Vinter, Compass and Gate.IO were used. Fair value for Mobilecoin, Shyft, Blocto, Maps, Oxygen, Boba Network, Saffron.finance, Clover, Sovryn, Wilder World, Pyth and Volmex is determined by taking the last closing price for the day (UTC time) from www.coinmarketcap.com. The Company revalues its digital assets quarterly. The Company’s principal market for trading cryptocurrency is Binance. However, we use a weighted average price of several markets in accordance with our ETP prospectus. The difference in pricing between our principal market and the weighted average price in accordance with our ETP prospectus has been determined by management to not be material.

 

10

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

2.Material accounting policy information (continued)

 

(ii)Accounting for ETP holder payables

 

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss held includes ETP holders payable. Liabilities arising in connection with ETPs issued by the Company referencing the performance of digital assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Their fair value is a function of the unadjusted quoted price of the digital asset underlying the ETP, less any accumulated management fees. The fair value basis is consistent with the measurement of the underlying digital assets which are measured at fair value.The ETPS are actively traded on the Spotlight Stock Market, the London Stock Exchange (“LSE”), and Germany Borse Frankfurt Zertifikate AG.

 

(iii)Fair value of financial derivatives

 

Investments in options and warrants which are not traded on a recognized securities exchange do not have a readily available market value. Valuation technique such as Black Scholes model is used to value these instruments. Refer to Notes 5 and 20 for further details.

 

(iv)Fair value of equity investment not quoted in an active market or private company investments

 

Where the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the statement of financial position cannot be derived from active markets, they are determined using a variety of valuation techniques. The inputs to these models are derived from observable market data where possible, but where observable market data are not available, judgment is required to establish fair values. Refer to Notes 5, 7 and 15 for further details.

 

(v)Share-based payments

 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value options in order to calculate share-based compensation expense. The Black-Scholes model involves six key inputs to determine the fair value of an option: risk-free interest rate, exercise price, market price of the Company’s shares at date of issue, expected dividend yield, expected life, and expected volatility. Certain of the inputs are estimates which involve considerable judgment and are, or could be, affected by significant factors that are out of the Company’s control. The Company is also required to estimate the future forfeiture rate of options based on historical information in its calculation of share-based compensation expense. In the event services are provided to the Company by officers or consultants and settled in equity instruments, the Company has measured the fair value of the services received as the fair value of the equity instruments granted.

 

(vi)Warrant liability

 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to fair value the warrant liability in order to calculate the change in fair value of the derivative liability. The Black-Scholes model involves six key inputs to determine the fair value of an warrant liability: risk-free interest rate, exercise price, market price of the Company’s shares at date of issue, expected dividend yield, expected life, and expected volatility. Certain of the inputs are estimates which involve considerable judgment and are, or could be, affected by significant factors that are out of the Company’s control.

 

(vii)Business combinations and goodwill

 

In a business combination, all identifiable assets and liabilities acquired are recorded at their fair values. In determining the allocation of the purchase price in a business combination, including any acquisition related contingent consideration, estimates including market based and appraisal values are used. The contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually.

 

(viii)Estimated useful lives and impairment considerations

 

Amortization of intangible assets is dependent upon estimates of useful lives, which are determined through the exercise of judgment. The assessment of impairment of these assets is dependent upon estimates of recoverable amounts that consider factors such as economic and market conditions and the useful lives of assets.

 

11

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

2.Material accounting policy information (continued)

 

(ix)Impairment of non-financial assets

 

The Company’s non-financial assets include prepaid expenses, digital assets (excluding USDC), equipment and right of use assets, intangibles and goodwill. Impairment of these non-financial assets exists when the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. These calculations are based on available data, other observable inputs and projections of cash flows, all of which are subject to estimates and assumptions. See Note 9 for the discussion regarding impairment of the Company’s non-financial assets.

 

(x)Functional currency

 

The functional currency of the Company has been assessed by management based on consideration of the currency and economic factors that mainly influence the Company’s digital currencies, production and operating costs, financing and related transactions. Specifically, the Company considers the currencies in which digital currencies are most commonly denominated and the currencies in which expenses are settled, by each entity, as well as the currency in which each entity receives or raises financing. Changes to these factors may have an impact on the judgment applied in the determination of the Company’s functional currency.

 

(xi)Assessment of transaction as an asset purchase or business combination

 

Assessment of a transaction as an asset purchase or a business combination requires judgements to be made at the date of acquisition in relation to determining whether the acquiree meets the definition of a business. The three elements of a business include inputs, processes and outputs. When the acquiree does not have outputs, it may still meet the definition of a business if its processes are substantive which includes assessment of whether the process is critical and whether the inputs acquired include both an organized workforce and inputs that the organized workforce could convert into outputs.

 

Significant judgment is involved in the determination whether the Company controls another entity under IFRS 10. The Company is deemed to control an investee when it demonstrates: power over the investee, exposure, or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns. There is judgement required to determine whether these criterions are met. The Company determined it controlled Valour Digital Securities Limited through its role as arranger.

 

(xiii)Accounting for digital assets held as collateral

 

The Company has provided digital assets as collateral for loans provided by digital asset liquidity provider. These digital assets held as collateral are included with digital assets and valued at fair value consistent with the Company’s accounting policy for its digital assets.

 

(xiv)Valuation of equity investments at FVTPL

 

Significant judgement is required in the determination of the fair value of the Company’s investments in Equity investments (collectively the “Funds”) in digital asset at FVTPL given the lock up periods applied to the digital cryptocurrencies owned by the Funds. The Company assesses the discount for lack of marketability applied by the Fund managers for reasonableness in their calculated net asset values. The Fund managers calculate the discount for lack of marketability (“DLOM”) using an option pricing model.

 

12

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

3.Cash and cash equivalents

 

   30-Sep-25   31-Dec-24 
Cash at banks  $8,326,211   $9,481,680 
Cash held at banks in cashable GIC   93,006,333    - 
Cash at brokers   18,188,233    6,421,996 
Cash at digital currency exchanges   20,306    27,848 
   $119,541,083   $15,931,525 

 

The Company also holds client cash deposits for trading purposes in the United States and Bermuda and has classified these deposits as client cash deposits on the statement of financial position. As at September 30, 2025, the balance in client cash deposits was $1,891,731 (December 31, 2024 - $10,665,147).

 

4.Prepaid expenses and other assets

 

   30-Sep-25   31-Dec-24 
Prepaid insurance  $473,100   $41,481 
Prepaid expenses   4,308,900    1,345,896 
Other assets   590,448    410,347 
   $5,372,448   $1,797,724 

 

5.Investments, at fair value through profit and loss

 

At September 30, 2025, the Company’s investment portfolio consisted of no publicly traded investments and twelve private investments for a total estimated fair value of $43,977,068 (December 31, 2024 – one public and nine private investments for a total estimated fair value of $37,348,081).

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company had a realized gain of $177,378 and a realized loss of $300,804, respectively, (three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 – realized loss of $617 and realized gain of $466,235) and an unrealized gain of $21 and $2,723, respectively (three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 – unrealized gain of $1,579,117 and unrealized loss of $259,831, respectively) on private and public investments.

 

At September 30, 2025, the Company’s twelve private investments had a total fair value of $43,977,068.

 

Private Issuer  Note  Security description  Cost   Estimated Fair Value   % of  FV 
Amina Bank AG     3,906,250 non-voting shares  $24,781,804   $36,650,028    83.3%
Earnity Inc.     85,142 preferred shares   102,205    -    0.0%
Luxor Technology Corporation     201,633 preferred shares   452,916    516,861    1.2%
SDK:meta, LLC     1,000,000 units   2,456,720    -    0.0%
Skolem Technologies Ltd.     16,354 preferred shares   127,497    -    0.0%
VolMEX Labs Corporation     Rights to certain preferred shares and warrants   30,000    -    0.0%
Global Benchmarks AB     53,300 common shares   199,875    199,875    0.5%
ZKP Corporation  (i)  370,370 common shares   1,000,000    1,000,000    2.3%
CH Technical Solutions SA     25 common shares   3,891,966    3,891,966    8.8%
TenX Protocols Inc.     1,334,000 subcription receipts   718,339    718,339    1.6%
Canada Stablecorp Inc.     303,030 common shares   499,999    499,999    1.1%
Continental Stable Coin     Rights to certain preferred shares   500,000    500,000    1.1%
Total private investments        $34,761,321   $43,977,068    100.0%

 

(i)Investments in related party entities - see Note 25

 

13

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

5.Investments, at fair value through profit and loss (continued)

 

At December 31, 2024, the Company’s nine private investments had a total fair value of $37,348,081.

 

Private Issuer  Note  Security description  Cost   Estimated Fair Value   % of FV 
3iQ Corp.     61,712 common shares  $63,270   $300,459    0.8%
Amina Bank AG     3,906,250 non-voting shares   24,781,804    35,457,982    95.0%
Earnity Inc.     85,142 preferred shares   102,205    -    0.0%
Luxor Technology Corporation     201,633 preferred shares   452,916    500,058    1.3%
Neuronomics AG     724 common shares   89,582    89,582    0.2%
SDK:meta, LLC     1,000,000 units   2,456,720    -    0.0%
Skolem Technologies Ltd.     16,354 preferred shares   127,497    -    0.0%
VolMEX Labs Corporation     Rights to certain preferred shares and warrants   30,000    -    0.0%
ZKP Corporation  (i)  370,370 common shares   1,000,000    1,000,000    2.7%
Total private investments        $29,103,994   $37,348,081    100.0%

 

(i)Investments in related party entities - see Note 25

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked

 

As at September 30, 2025, the Company’s digital assets consisted of the below digital currencies, with a fair value of $789,254,841 (December 31, 2024 - $555,838,900). Digital currencies are recorded at their fair value on the date they are acquired and are revalued to their current market value at each reporting date. Fair value is determined by taking the mid-point price at 17:30 CET from Kraken, Bitfinex, Binance, Coinbase, Bitstamp, Bybit OKX, Vinter, Compass and Gate.IO and other exchanges consistent with the final terms for each ETP. Fair value for Mobilecoin, Shyft, Blocto, Maps, Oxygen, Boba Network, Saffron.finance, Clover, Sovryn, Wilder World, Pyth and Volmex is determined by taking the last closing price for the day (UTC time) from www.coinmarketcap.com.

 

14

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked (continued)

 

The Company’s holdings of digital assets consist of the following:

 

   September 30,
2025
       December 31,
2024
     
   Quantity   $   Quantity   $ 
Binance Coin (BNB)   2,078.2491    2,065,852    2,558.9747    1,818,875 
Bitcoin (BTC)   2,576.6314    290,770,704    2,705.7708    228,997,191 
Ethereum (ETH)   22,271.3922    91,513,765    20,676.9254    70,398,197 
Cardano (ADA)   69,218,879.5486    54,067,238    69,671,396.7593    60,542,418 
Polkadot (DOT)   3,184,711.6190    12,184,788    2,766,149.1833    18,869,900 
Solana (SOL)   313,392.9580    64,463,708    43,414.4191    8,654,328 
Uniswap (UNI)   440,935.5277    3,285,223    421,450.3048    5,712,570 
USDC   -    505,783         251,357 
USDT   -    3,034,741         5,271,542 
Litecoin (LTC)   5,159.4700    542,049    541.8400    56,378 
Dogecoin (DOGE)   57,232,429.9135    13,039,485    17,545,096.4535    5,708,209 
Cosmos (ATOM)   7,680.3068    30,626    735.9223    4,605 
Avalanche (AVAX)   304,362.0307    8,807,446    125,979.5440    4,612,185 
Polygon (POL)   476,352.8091    106,728    183,654.4400    82,957 
Ripple (XRP)   21,460,326.7519    60,539,008    17,223,963.4000    36,437,139 
Enjin (ENJ)   606,640.9806    36,400    127,360.9806    27,938 
Tron (TRX)   2,030,240.0405    676,933    341,529.3057    89,013 
Terra Luna (LUNA)   141,177.2041    19,412    205,057.0760    - 
Shiba Inu (SHIB)   15,797,322,817.2000    187,381    142,074,547.6000    2,995 
Pyth Network (PYTH)   3,670,528.6000    521,215    3,444,248.6000    876,946 
AAVE (AAVE)   4,686.0767    1,258,541    2,333.3875    735,390 
Algorand (ALGO)   1,710,077.9300    346,975    90,930.8700    30,180 
Aptos Mainnet (APT)   547,924.5100    2,315,474    287,849.7000    2,565,403 
Arweave (AR)   60,596.2700    329,026    14,202.0100    234,942 
Aerodome (AERO0X91)   2,417,763.3916    2,431,061    -    - 
Arbitrum (ARB)   997,751.1000    405,078    24.0000    17 
Bitcoin Cash (BCH)   1,200.3020    672,645    25.4800    11,075 
Core (CORE)   11,819,586.1981    4,408,706    3,995,185.7910    4,300,418 
Curve DAO Token (CRV)   2,577,663.0400    1,696,569    10,295.1200    9,307 
EOS (EOS)   1,513.8200    1,181    13,419.9100    10,374 
Fetch.ai (FET1)   2,366,597.4000    1,312,752    561,613.1000    732,400 
Filecoin (FIL)   60,735.1959    130,241    8,471.8100    41,952 
Sonic (FTM)   -    -    1,342,653.2600    937,490 
Hedera (HBAR)   76,960,946.1053    16,210,581    49,611,593.1918    13,883,790 
Internet Computer (ICP)   1,777,175.1997    7,299,256    1,436,614.1074    14,543,861 
Immutable (IMX)   23,794.1700    16,627    10,992.0200    14,345 
Injective (INJ)   322,411.6800    3,748,810    56,329.4200    1,136,125 
Jupiter (JUP)   3,129,312.4000    1,312,121    499,299.1000    423,006 
Kusama (KSM)   470.3441    6,702    470.3400    15,540 
Lido DAO (LDO)   476,515.4700    523,405    36,961.1000    68,633 
Chainlink (LINK)   358,060.6978    7,538,458    239,057.7313    4,932,495 
NEAR Protocol (NEAR)   1,773,878.5884    4,575,973    1,300,877.8800    163 
Optimism (OP)   16,957.6110    11,112    15,436.4300    6,609,639 
MANTRA (OM)   252,311.6000    40,118    -    27,245 
Pendle (PDL)   198,663.9000    906,384    31,265.4000    159,454 
Quant (QNT)   1,135.3480    114,033    1,086.7000    114,864 
RENDERSOL (RNDR)   1,339,988.6682    4,393,053    162,158.1000    1,127,499 
THORChain (RUNE)   288,680.2000    322,687    91,192.7000    423,581 
Sei Network (SEI1)   18,208,714.2000    4,910,890    2,078,991.0000    851,347 
Stacks (STX)   140,465.0000    79,250    203,450.0000    97,432 
Sui (SUI)   12,110,686.8748    29,105,950    10,785,375.0000    45,866,964 
SushiSwap (SUSHI)   135.0000    90    39,426.6800    53,068 
Bittensor (TAO)   20,099.3846    5,972,251    9,851.6400    4,443,335 
The TON Coin (TON)   430,724.8006    1,127,336    405,657.4300    2,266,408 
Wormhole (W)   5,370,941.1000    531,723    722,403.0000    213,761 
Tether Gold (XAUT6)   6.4772    24,899    -    - 
Worldcoin (WLD2)   1,463,290.6000    1,784,337    49,314.1000    106,139 
Stellar (XLM)   3,217,494.7000    1,162,080    140,437.4500    47,636 
Tezos (XTZ)   5,029.7500    3,396    17,822.5100    22,902 
StarkNet (STRK1)   1,640,577.5700    224,595    -    - 
Sonic Labs (SONICLABS)   3,780,362.1612    931,896    -    - 
Akash Network (AKT)   475,764.5390    475,336    -    - 
Kaspa (KAS)   19,485,801.6693    1,455,589    -    - 
Mantle (MNT)   107,212.9110    191,493    -    - 
Story (IP)   1,607.1145    13,682    -    - 
Crypto.com (CRO)   1,167,900.1883    224,354    -    - 
Hyperliquid (HYPE)   25,961.3900    1,149,394    -    - 
UNUS SED LEO (LEO)   1,059.3166    10,100    -    - 
OKB (OKB)   414.9858    77,860    -    - 
IOTA (IOTA)   109,530.0000    17,864    -    - 
Ondo (ONDO)   662,131.1000    574,995    -    - 
Celestia (TIA)   39,119.4400    52,889    -    - 
Flare (FLR)   439,832.5958    11,216    -    - 
Pi Network (PI)   110,024.5859    29,002    -    - 
Ethna (ENA)   1,355,220.2100    735,478    -    - 
Floki v2 (FLOKI)   398,800,000.0000    39,880    -    - 
Virtuals Protocol (VIRTUAL)   189,329.7000    186,490    -    - 
VeChain (VET)   5,018,241.0000    107,892    -    - 
Pepe (PEPE)   6,597,279,835.7000    60,510    -    - 
Other Coins   205,827    52,916    147,122    26,798 
Current        720,051,687         555,499,721 
Clover (CLV)   -    -    500,000.0000    31,910 
Solana (SOL)   234,000.0000    48,127,061    -    - 
SUI (SUI)   9,889,489.9722    21,076,093    -    - 
Wilder World (WILD)   -    -    148,810.0000    99,465 
Other Coins   1,730,176,934.1341    -    130,458,836.6519    207,804 
Long-Term        69,203,154         339,179 
Total Digital Assets        789,254,841         555,838,900 

 

15

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked (continued)

 

   September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
   $   $ 
Current digital assets          
Digital assets   445,126,641    276,853,787 
Digital assets loaned   163,451,483    38,618,758 
Digital assets staked   111,473,563    240,031,645 
Total current digital assets   720,051,687    555,504,191 
Non-current digital assets          
Digital assets   -    334,710 
Digital assets loaned   69,203,154    - 
Total non-current digital assets   69,203,154    334,710 
Total digital assets   789,254,841    555,838,900 

 

In addition to the above noted digital assets, the Company has the following equity investments at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”) at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. See Note 7 for further details.

  

   September 30, 2025 
   Current   Long Term   Total 
   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount 
Fund A - Solana (SOL)   114,524.0458   $18,681,125    171,987.8546   $28,054,602    286,511.9005   $46,735,727 
Fund A - Avalance (AVAX)   497,376.6295   $11,856,671    358,248.3091   $8,540,072    855,624.9385   $20,396,743 
        $30,537,796        $36,594,674        $67,132,470 
                               

Fund B - Solana (SOL)

   401,866.4000   $67,504,727    353,187.6000   $59,327,758    755,054.0000   $126,832,485 
        $67,504,727        $59,327,758        $126,832,485 
Total       $98,042,523        $95,922,432        $193,964,955 

  

   December 31, 2024 
   Current   Long Term   Total 
   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount 
Fund A - Solana (SOL)   216,379.2216   $30,886,684    244,331.9458   $34,876,748    460,711.1675   $65,763,432 
Fund A - Avalanche (AVAX)   223,905.1900   $6,020,811    707,540.4100   $19,025,762    931,445.6000   $25,046,572 
        $36,907,495        $53,902,510        $90,810,004 

Fund B - Solana (SOL)

   626,365.7000   $89,409,506    540,869.9000   $77,205,553    1,167,235.6000   $166,615,059 
Total       $126,317,001        $131,108,063        $257,425,063 

 

The continuity of digital assets for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

 

   September 30, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Opening balance  $555,838,900   $370,469,700 
Digital assets acquired   234,966,522    401,118,676 
Digital assets disposed   (62,303,444)   (514,217,138)
Digital assets earned from staking, lending and fees   10,849,531    26,075,437 
Realized gain (loss) on digital assets   76,076,707    306,744,938 
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on digital assets   (46,745,729)   (34,372,022)
Digital assets transferred in from (out to) equity investments at FVTPL   22,301,756      
Foreign exchange gain (loss) / Fees / Other   (1,729,402)   19,310 
   $789,254,841   $555,838,900 

 

16

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked (continued)

 

Digital assets held by counterparty for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

 

   September 30,
2025
   December 31, 2024 
Counterparty A  $200,560,562   $6,918,688 
Counterparty B   10,916    12,396 
Counterparty C   4,384,407    719,776 
Counterparty D   79,830    66,922 
Counterparty E   7,332,411    7,007,055 
Counterparty F   48,381,112    6,809,705 
Counterparty G   84,085,020    58,438,204 
Counterparty H   322,364,808    125,188,614 
Counterparty I   3,306,200    3,787,814 
Other   13,983,441    7,438,159 
Self custody   104,766,134    339,451,566 
Total  $789,254,841   $555,838,900 


As of September 30, 2025, digital assets held by lenders as collateral consisted of the following:

 

   Number of coins
on loan
   Fair Value 
Bitcoin (BTC)   69.6800    7,332,411 
Total   69.6800    7,332,411 

 

 

As at September 30, 2025, the 69.68 Bitcoin held by Genesis Global Capital LLC (“Genesis”) as collateral against a loan has been written down to $7,332,411, the fair value of the loan and interest held with Genesis. See Note 11. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company reduced its estimated BTC coins to be recovered from the Genesis insolvency process by 295.77 based on advice from its external legal counsel.

 

As of December 31, 2024, digital assets held by lenders as collateral consisted of the following:

 

   Number of coins
on loan
   Fair Value 
Bitcoin (BTC)   365.4480    7,007,055 
Total   365.4480    7,007,055 

 

As at December 31, 2024, the 365 Bitcoin held by Genesis as collateral against a loan has been written down to $7,007,055, the fair value of the loan and interest held with Genesis.

 

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into open-ended lending arrangements with certain financial institutions, whereby the Company loans certain fiat and digital assets in exchange for interest income. The Company can demand the repayment of the loans and accrued interest at any time. The digital assets on loan are included in digital assets balances above.

 

Digital Assets loaned

 

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has on loan select digital assets to borrowers at annual rates ranging from approximately 1.5% to 4.75% and accrue interest on a monthly basis. The digital assets on loan are measured at fair value through profit and loss. The SUI coins are locked up until April 2028, with 520,499.5 coins unlocking monthly between April 2026 through April 2028.

 

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has on loan select digital assets to borrowers at annual rates ranging from approximately 3.25% to 5.5% and accrue interest on a monthly basis. The digital assets on loan are measured at fair value through profit and loss.

 

17

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked (continued)

 

As of September 30, 2025, digital assets on loan consisted of the following:

 

   Number of
coins
on loan
   Fair
Value
   Fair Value Share 
Current            
Bitcoin (BTC)   420.0000    47,497,701        
Ethereum (ETH)   19,000.0000    78,071,643      
Solana (SOL)   92,500.0000    19,024,586      
SUI (SUI)   8,848,489.03    18,857,553      
Total current digital assets on loan   8,960,409.0278    163,451,483      
Long-Term               
Solana (SOL)   234,000.0000    48,127,061      
SUI (SUI)   9,889,489.9722    21,076,093      
Total long-term digital assets on loan   10,123,489.9722    69,203,154      
Total   19,083,899.0000    232,654,637      

 

As of December 31, 2024, digital assets on loan consisted of the following:

 

   Number of
coins on loan
   Fair
Value
 
Current        
Bitcoin (BTC)   120.0000    11,379,938 
Ethereum (ETH)   8,000.0000    27,238,820 
Total current digital assets on loan   8,120.0000    38,618,758 
Total   8,120.0000    38,618,758 

 

As of September 30, 2025, the digital assets on loan by significant borrowing counterparty is as follows:

 

   Interest rates   Number of coins
on loan
   Fair Value   Geography  Fair Value Share 
Counterparty A   3% - 12%    337,500.0000    112,351,019   Grand Cayman   58%
Counterparty F   1.98% - 4.75%    2,000.0000    8,218,068   UAE   4%
Counterparty G   3.25% - 4.5%    6,420.0000    72,151,904   Switzerland   37%
Total        345,920.0000    192,720,991       100%
Current                       
Counterparty A        103,500.0000    64,223,958   Grand Cayman   33%
Counterparty F        2,000.0000    8,218,068   UAE   4%
Counterparty G        6,420.0000    72,151,904   Switzerland   37%
Total current digital assets on loan        111,920.0000    144,593,930       75%
Long-term                       
Counterparty A        234,000.0000    48,127,061   Grand Cayman   25%
Total long-term digital assets on loan        234,000.0000    48,127,061       25%
Total loaned digital assets        345,920.0000    192,720,991       100%

 

As of December 31, 2024, the digital assets on loan by significant borrowing counterparty is as follows:

 

   Interest rates  

Number of coins

on loan

   Fair Value   Geography 

Fair Value

Share

 
Current                       
Counterparty F   4.75%   2,000.0000    6,809,705   UAE   18%
Counterparty H   3.25% to 5.50%    6,120.0000    31,809,053   Switzeralnd   82%
Total current digital assets on loan        8,120.0000    38,618,758       100%
Total        8,120.0000    38,618,758       100%

 

18

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked (continued)

 

The Company’s digital assets on loan are exposed to credit risk. The Company limits its credit risk by placing its digital assets on loan with high credit quality financial institutions that have sufficient capital to meet their obligations as they come due and on which the Company has performed internal due diligence procedures. The Company’s due diligence procedures may include, but are not limited to, review of the financial position of the borrower, review of the internal control practices and procedures of the borrower, review of market information, and monitoring the Company’s risk exposure thresholds. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company does not expect a material loss on any of its digital assets on loan. While the Company intends to only transact with counterparties that it believes to be creditworthy, there can be no assurance that a counterparty will not default and that the Company will not sustain a material loss on a transaction as a result.

 

Digital Assets Staked

 

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has staked select digital assets to borrowers at annual rates ranging from approximately 1.24% to 14.93% and accrue rewards as they are earned. The digital assets staked are measured at fair value through profit and loss.

 

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has staked select digital assets to borrowers at annual rates ranging from approximately 2.95% to 9.70% and accrue rewards as they are earned. The digital assets staked are measured at fair value through profit and loss. As of December 31, 2025, the Bitcoin staked digital assets were locked up until January 2025.

 

As of September 30, 2025, digital assets staked consisted of the following:

 

   Number of
coins staked
   Fair Value   Fair Value Share 
Ethereum (ETH)   128.0350    526,100    0%
Bitcoin (BTC)   301.0100    34,041,150    31%
Cardano (ADA)   62,373,289.0060    48,719,776    44%
Core (CORE)   11,339,880.2570    4,229,775    4%
Polkadot (DOT)   2,497,217.9478    9,554,356    9%
Solana (SOL)   31,414.5127    6,461,061    6%
Hedera (HBAR)   19,062,355.6559    4,018,345    4%
Internet Computer (ICP)   955,710.3281    3,923,000    4%
Total   96,260,296.7524    111,473,563    100%

 

As of December 31, 2024, digital assets staked consisted of the following:

 

  

Number of
coins staked

   Fair Value   Fair Value Share 
Bitcoin   1,803.0000    170,996,662    71%
Cardano   57,965,407.1384    50,371,939    21%
Etherium   32.0000    108,955    0%
Core   3,415,479.8499    3,676,423    2%
Polkadot   1,941,230.3100    13,244,432    6%
Solana   10,526.3600    1,633,233    1%
Total   63,334,478.6583   $240,031,644    100%

  

As of September 30, 2025, the digital assets staked by significant borrowing counterparty is as follow:

 

   Interest rates   Number of
coins staked
   Fair Value   Geography  Fair Value Share 
Counterparty G   2.76% - 7.67%    20,018,164.4220    8,335,949   Switzerland   7%
Counterparty I   4.38%   32.0023    131,498   United States   0%
Self custody   1.24% - 14.93%    76,242,100.3281    103,006,116   Switzerland   92%
Total        96,260,296.7524    111,473,563       100%

 

19

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

6.Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked (continued)

 

As of December 31, 2024, the digital assets staked by significant borrowing counterparty is as follow:

 

   Interest rates  

Number of
coins staked

   Fair Value   Geography 

Fair Value

Share

 
Counterparty B   2.95%   57,965,407.1384    50,371,939   Switzerland   21%
Counterparty M   4.00%   32.0000    108,955   United States   0%
Self custody   3.00% to 8.02%    5,369,071.6219    189,550,751   Switzerland   79%
Total        63,334,510.7602    240,031,645       100%

 

The Company’s digital assets staked are exposed to market risk, liquidity risk, lockup duration risk, loss or theft of assets and return duration risk. The Company places allocation limits by counterparty and only deals with high credit quality financial institutions that are believed to have sufficient capital to meet their obligations as they come due and on which the Company has performed internal due diligence procedures. The Company’s due diligence procedures may include, but are not limited to, review of the financial position of the counterparty, review of the internal control practices and procedures of the counterparty, review of market information, and monitoring the Company’s risk exposure thresholds. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company does not expect a material loss on any of its digital assets staked. While the Company intends to only transact with counterparties that it believes to meets the Company staking policy criteria, there can be no assurance that a counterparty will not default and that the Company will not sustain a material loss on a transaction as a result.

 

7.Equity investments in digital assets funds at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”)

 

Equity investments were as follows at September 30, 2025 and December 31,2024:

 

   September 30, 2025 
   Current   Long Term   Total 
   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount 
Fund A - Solana (SOL)   114,524.0458   $18,681,125    171,987.8546   $28,054,602    286,511.9005   $46,735,727 
Fund A - Avalance (AVAX)   497,376.6295   $11,856,671    358,248.3091   $8,540,072    855,624.9385   $20,396,743 
        $30,537,796        $36,594,674        $67,132,470 

Fund B - Solana (SOL)

   401,866.4000   $67,504,727    353,187.6000   $59,327,758    755,054.0000   $126,832,485 
        $67,504,727        $59,327,758        $126,832,485 
Total       $98,042,523        $95,922,432        $193,964,955 

 

   December 31, 2024 
   Current   Long Term   Total 
   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount   Quantity   Amount 
Fund A - Solana (SOL)   216,379.2216   $30,886,684    244,331.9458   $34,876,748    460,711.1675   $65,763,432 
Fund A - Avalanche (AVAX)   223,905.1900   $6,020,811    707,540.4100   $19,025,762    931,445.6000   $25,046,572 
        $36,907,495        $53,902,510        $90,810,004 

Fund B - Solana (SOL)

   626,365.7000   $89,409,506    540,869.9000   $77,205,553    1,167,235.6000   $166,615,059 
Total       $126,317,001        $131,108,063        $257,425,063 

 

Fund A

 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company through a subsidiary, invested $61,741,683 in three tranches of a private investment fund (“Fund A”) designed to acquire Solana and Avalanche tokens from a bankrupt company. The Company’s investment represents the acquisition by Fund A of 491,249 Solana at $105 per Solana and 931,446 Avalanche at $11 per Avalanche.

 

The Solana acquired by Fund A is locked and staked, earning staking rewards during the lock period. Staking rewards will accrue while Solana is locked and will become distributable on the same unlocking schedule as the Solana. The Solana will be released by Fund A in monthly increments from January 2025 through January 2028.

 

The Avalanche acquired by Fund A is locked and staked, earning staking rewards during the lock period. Staking rewards will accrue while Avalanche is locked and will become distributable on the same unlocking schedule as the Avalanche.

 

20

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

7.Equity investments in digital assets funds at fair value through profit and loss (“FVTPL”) (continued)

 

Fund A (continued)

 

The Avalanche will be released by Fund A in weekly increments starting July 10, 2025 and continuing through July 1, 2027.

 

The investments in the investment fund were initially recognized based on the latest available net asset value as determined by the investment fund’s administrator less an applicable DLOM.   The values of the investments were remeasured based on quarterly valuation reports provided by the investment fund administrator less an applicable DLOM.

 

Fund B

 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company invested through a subsidiary, $112,072,453 in two tranches of limited partnership units of a private investment fund (“Fund B” and together with Fund A the “Equity Investments in Digital Assets”) designed to acquire Solana tokens from a bankrupt company.

 

The Company’s investment represents the acquisition by Fund B of 1,123,360 Solana at $100 per Solana. The Solana acquired by Fund B is locked and staked, earning staking rewards during the lock period and thereafter until such Solana is sold by the fund manager or an in-kind distribution to the limited partners of the fund. Staking rewards will accrue while Solana is locked and will become distributable on the same unlocking schedule as the Solana. Approximately 25% of the Solana were unlocked in March 2025, while the remaining 75% of the Solana will be unlocked linearly monthly until January 2028. The Company received a distribution of $71,685,819 in July 2025 from Fund B.

 

The investments in Fund B were initially recognized based on the latest available net asset value as determined by Fund B’s administrator less an applicable DLOM.   The values of the investments were remeasured based on quarterly valuation reports provided by Fund B’s administrator less an applicable DLOM.

 

8.Acquisitions

 

Reflexivity

 

On February 6, 2024, the Company acquired 100% interest in Reflexivity LLC (“Reflexivity”) by issuing 5,000,000 common shares. Reflexivity is a private company incorporated in the United States that operates a premier private research firm that specializes in producing cutting-edge research reports for the cryptocurrency industry. The primary reason for this business combination is to gain exposure to Reflexivity’s subscriber base.

 

Details of the consideration for acquisition, net assets acquired and goodwill are as follows:

 

 

Purchase price consider paid:    
Fair value of shares issued  $2,450,000 
Fair value of shares issued  $2,450,000 
      
Fair value of assets and liabilities assumed:     
Cash  $236,668 
Amounts receivable   13,425 
Prepaid expenses   15,879 
Client relationships   277,000 
Brand name   100,000 
Technology   125,000 
Deferred tax liability   (133,000)
Accounts payable   (1,024)
Customer prepayment   (261,533)
Goodwill   2,077,585 
Total net assets aquired  $2,450,000 

 

21

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

8.Acquisitions (continued)

 

Reflexivity (continued)

 

The goodwill acquired as part of the Reflexivity acquisition is made up of assembled workforce and implied goodwill related to Reflexivity’s management and staff experiences and Reflexivity’s reputation in the industry. It will not be deductible for tax purposes.

 

No material acquisition costs are recognized in the statement of operations. As Reflexivity was acquired on February 7, 2024, there is not a material difference in the amounts consolidated from February 7, 2024 and its full calendar year 2024 results.

 

Stillman Digital

 

On October 7, 2024, the Company acquired 100% interest in Stillman Digital Inc. and Stillman Digital Bermuda Ltd. (collectively “Stillman Digital”) by issuing 2,500,000 common shares. Stillman Digital Inc. is a private company incorporated in the United States and Stillman Digital Bermuda Ltd. Is a private company incorporated in Bermuda. Stillman Digital is a global liquidity provider that provides digital asset products and services in electronic trade execution, market making and OTC block trading. The primary reason for this business combination is to gain access to Stillman Digital’s trading platform.

 

Under the terms of the transaction, 2,500,000 common shares were issued on the close of the transaction. 1,000,000 of the common shares issued are subject to a lock-up schedule, with 25% released on each of the 3, 6, 9, and 12-month anniversaries from October 7, 2024.


Details of the consideration for acquisition, net assets acquired and goodwill are as follows:

 

Purchase price consider paid:    
Fair value of shares issued  $5,065,277 
Fair value of shares issued  $5,065,277 
      
Fair value of assets and liabilities assumed:     
Cash  $10,357,387 
Amounts receivable   1,970,550 
Prepaid expenses   47,972 
Digital assets   3,274,538 
Client relationships   30,640 
Securities   3,015,807 
Accounts payable   (13,494,510)
Other liabilities   (137,107)
Total net assets aquired  $5,065,277 

 

The goodwill acquired as part of the Stillman Digital’s acquisition is made up of assembled workforce and implied goodwill related to Stillman Digital’s management and staff experiences and Stillman Digital’s reputation in the industry. It will not be deductible for tax purposes.

 

Had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2024, the Company would have consolidated $7,190,309 of revenues and net income of $4,249060.   As the acquisition took place October 7, 2024, the Company consolidated revenues of $2,106,286 and net income of $711,519.   No material acquisition costs are recognized in the statement of operations.

 

22

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

8.Acquisitions (continued)

 

Neuronomics AG

 

On January 10, 2025, the Company closed an investment to acquire 10% of Neuronomics AG for $288,727 (CHF 262,684). On March 7, 2025, the Company announced that it increased its stake in Neuronomics AG, a Swiss asset management firm specializing in artificial intelligence and model driven quantitative trading strategies from 10% to 52.5%.

 

In connection with the acquisition, the Company issued 186,304 common shares of the Company, plus additional cash considerations, to the selling shareholders of Neuronomics AG. 152,433 of the Payment Shares are subject to a lock-up schedule, with 50% released in three months and the remainder released in six months. No finder fees were paid in connection with the acquisition.

 

Details of the consideration for acquisition, net assets acquired and goodwill are as follows:

 

Purchase price consideration paid:        
Cash consideration  $816,372   $1,173,209 
Fair value of shares issued   442,722    636,236 
Fair value of previously held investment   379,906    545,961 
Fair value of shares issued  $1,639,000   $2,355,406 
           
Fair value of assets and liabilities assumed:          
Cash  $271,408   $390,040 
Prepaid expenses and deposits   12,473    17,925 
Goodwill   2,907,440    4,178,283 
Trade and other payables   (69,418)   (99,761)
Non-controlling interest   (1,482,903)   (2,131,081)
Total net assets aquired  $1,639,000   $2,355,406 

 

Had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2025, the Company would have consolidated $19,013 of revenues and net losses of $114,695.   As the acquisition took place March 7, 2025, the Company consolidated revenues of $19,013 and net income of $36,358.   No material acquisition costs are recognized in the statement of operations.

 

23

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

9.Intangibles assets and goodwill

 

Cost  Client relationships   Technology   Brand Name   Total 
Balance, December 31, 2023  $-   $-   $24,379,869   $24,379,869 
Acquisition of Reflexivity LLC   277,000    100,000    125,000    502,000 
Acquisition of Solana IP   -    3,647,441    -    3,647,441 
Acquisition of Stillman Digital   30,640    -    -    30,640 
Balance, December 31, 2024  $307,640   $3,747,441   $24,504,869   $28,559,950 
Acquisition of Neuronomics   -    -    337,211    337,211 
Additions   -    -    203,562    203,562 
Balance, September 30, 2025  $307,640   $3,747,441   $25,045,642   $29,100,723 

 

Accumulated Amortization  Client relationships    Technology    Brand Name   Total 
Balance, December 31, 2023  $-   $-   $(21,719,244)  $(21,719,244)
Amortization   (21,323)   (19,245)   (1,503,427)   (1,543,995)
Impairment loss   -    (3,647,441)   -    (3,647,441)
Balance, December 31, 2024  $(21,323)  $(3,666,686)  $(23,222,671)  $(26,910,680)
Amortization   (20,775)   (24,041)   (1,119,172)   (1,163,988)
Balance, September 30, 2025  $(42,098)  $(3,690,727)  $(24,341,843)  $(28,074,668)
                     
Balance, December 31, 2024  $286,317   $80,755   $1,282,198   $1,649,270 
Balance, September 30, 2025  $265,542   $56,714   $703,799   $1,026,055 

 

24

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

9.Intangibles assets and goodwill (continued)

 

On February 9, 2024, the Company acquired intellectual property by issuing 7,297,090 common shares of the Company. The intellectual property acquired encompasses a suite of sophisticated features, including advanced liquidity provisioning, innovative trading strategies and technologies, along with the distribution, management and analytics of decentralized financial data. These elements are tailored to support the Solana-focused trading desk operated by the Company. At the time of acquisition, the intangible assets were in an early stage of research and development, with significant uncertainties surrounding its future market demand, sales price and production costs, and as such, on February 9, 2024, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $3,622,456.

 

Goodwill

 

The continuity of the goodwill acquired as part of the acquisitions is as follows:

 

Balance, December 31, 2023  $35,080,194 
Acquisition of Reflexivity LLC   2,077,585 
Balance, December 31, 2024  $37,157,779 
Acquisition of Neuronomics   2,907,440 
Balance, September 30, 2025  $40,065,219 

 

10.Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

 

   30-Sep-25   31-Dec-24 
Corporate payables  $9,158,240   $3,380,341
Related party payable (Note 21)   441,759    102,123 
   $9,599,999   $3,482,464

 

11.Loans payable

 

As of September 30, 2025, loan principal of $6,000,000 (December 31, 2024 - $6,000,000) was outstanding The $6,000,000 loan payable is held with Genesis. On January 20, 2023, Genesis declared bankruptcy and currently is not allowing withdrawals and not extending new loans. On March 15, 2023, the Court ruled that the Genesis debtors may not sell, buy, trade in crypto assets without prior consent by the creditors. The Court also allowed for the payment of some service providers required for upholding the operations but nothing beyond that. The Company’s loan with Genesis is an open term loan. The Genesis loan and interest payable is $7,332,411 and secured with 69.68 BTC (December 31, 2024 - $7,007,055, secured by 365.448 BTC).

 

The Company has a $10,000,000 credit line for a margin loan from a crypto liquidity provider. As at September 30, 2025, the Company has drawn $5,441,199 (December 31, 2024: $2,686,239) on the credit line.  The loan is secured by the equity in the Company’s margin trading account.

 

25

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

12.ETP holders payable

 

The fair market value of the Company’s ETPs as at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

 

   September 30, 2025   December 31, 2024 
Valour Bitcoin Zero EUR   27,984,013    23,403,581 
Valour Bitcoin Zero SEK   254,332,363    203,609,067 
Valour Ethereum Zero EUR   3,800,243    2,293,175 
Valour Ethereum Zero SEK   84,660,093    65,394,894 
Valour Polkadot EUR   116,446    185,163 
Valour Polkadot SEK   11,769,200    17,577,389 
Valour Cardano EUR   207,143    280,720 
Valour Cardano SEK   53,658,243    59,141,651 
Valour Uniswap EUR   362,241    249,785 
Valour Uniswap SEK   2,877,691    5,380,580 
Valour Binance EUR   343,562    53,964 
Valour Binance SEK   1,056,805    1,285,371 
Valour Solana EUR   9,789,728    9,286,531 
Valour Solana SEK   300,853,990    302,344,070 
Valour Cosmos EUR   29,129    2,703 
Valour Digital Asset Basket 10 EUR   1,765,570    514,870 
Valour Digital Asset Basket 10 SEK   1,810,066    2,076,557 
Valour Bitcoin Carbon Neutral EUR   19,477    18,546 
Valour Avalanche EUR   304,578    284,496 
Valour Avalanche SEK   20,633,351    22,146,770 
Valour Enjin EUR   23,845    10,689 
Valour Ripple SEK   58,337,523    35,958,640 
Valour Toncoin SEK   1,103,838    2,215,154 
Valour Chainlink SEK   7,424,267    4,842,016 
Valour ICP SEK   2,671,130    4,485,250 
Valour Bitcoin Staking SEK   5,035,521    4,590,500 
Valour Hedera SEK   9,216,837    7,957,619 
Valour Hedera EUR   2,842,753    2,463,347 
Valour CORE SEK   679,077    2,310,748 
Valour BTC Staking EUR   166,933    115,021 
Valour Short BTC SEK   316,294    214,871 
Valour Near SEK   4,546,278    6,578,213 
Valour Bitcoin Physical Carbon Neutral USD   1,089,470    811,050 
Valour Ethereum Physical Staking USD   406,375    336,805 
Valour ICP USD   4,130,124    10,046,563 
Valour BCIX STOXX USD   1,361,189    1,148,298 
Valour Hedera Physical Staking USD   3,980,819    4,462,562 
Valour Bittensor SEK   5,919,604    4,404,154 
Valour Dogecoin SEK   12,582,474    5,512,539 
Valour SUI SEK   53,757,047    45,854,560 
Valour Fantom SEK   913,654    913,954 
Valour Injective SEK   3,724,167    1,135,831 
Valour Jupiter SEK   1,289,479    422,782 
Valour Kaspa SEK   1,455,538    530,550 
Valour Lido SEK   513,622    68,585 
Valour Pendle SEK   900,586    157,125 
Valour PYTH SEK   516,802    346,458 
Valour Render SEK   4,306,444    1,115,875 
Valour SEI SEK   4,899,558    848,165 
Valour Starnet SEK   215,441    97,429 
Valour THOR SEK   310,356    416,122 
Valour Worldchain SEK   1,748,266    105,712 
Valour W SEK   471,188    213,091 
Valour AAVE SEK   1,235,224    729,499 
Valour Aerodome SEK   2,427,994    383,088 
Valour Akash SEK   467,266    311,261 
Valour Aptos SEK   2,253,297    2,560,659 
Valour Arweace SEK   326,244    225,498 
Valour ASI SEK   1,285,015    732,181 
Valour Curve DAO SEK   1,665,032    - 
Valour Litecoin SEK   253,185    - 
Valour Mantra SEK   39,927    - 
Valour Stellar SEK   1,080,968    - 
Valour Tether SEK   21,188    - 
Valour Tron SEK   165,489    - 
Valour Unus Sed Leo SEK   9,112    - 
Valour Celestia (Tia) Sek   49,701    - 
Valour Cronos (Cro) Sek   224,304    - 
Valour Ethena (Ena) Sek   698,545    - 
Valour Hyperliquid (Hype) Sek   1,110,582    - 
Valour Mantle (Mnt) Sek   191,339    - 
Valour Ondo (Ondo) Sek   539,418    - 
Valour Pi (Pi) Sek   28,977    - 
Valour Shiba Inu (Shib) Sek   85,269    - 
Valour Vechain (Vet) Sek   107,748    - 
Valour Flare SEK   11,195    - 
Valour Floki SEK   31,331    - 
Valour Four SEK   1,337    - 
Valour Immutable SEK   15,374    - 
Valour Iota SEK   17,855    - 
Valour Optimism SEK   10,596    - 
Valour Pepe SEK   43,763    - 
Valour Quant SEK   23,990    - 
Valour Story SEK   2,774    - 
Valour The Graph SEK   2,654    - 
Valour Theta SEK   6,575    - 
Valour Virtuals SEK   186,396    - 
Valour Algorand SEK   335,942    - 
Valour Arbitrum SEK   398,652    - 
Valour Bitcoin Cash SEK   20,963    - 
Valour Filecoin SEK   109,653    - 
Valour OKB SEK   77,084    - 
Valour Polygon SEK   40,294    - 
Valour Stacks SEK   73,631    - 
Valour Sui EUR   218,533    - 
    989,124,847    871,162,347 

 

26

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

12.ETP holders payable (continued)

 

The Company’s ETP certificates are unsecured and trade on the Spotlight Stock Market, the LSE, and Germany Borse Frankfurt Zertifikate AG. The Company’s ETP certificates traded on the Nordic Growth Market (“NGM”) until September 2024. ETPs issued by the Company referencing the performance of digital assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Their fair value is a function of the unadjusted quoted price of the digital asset underlying the ETP, less any accumulated management fees. The fair value basis is consistent with the measurement of the underlying digital assets which are measured at fair value. The Company’s policy is to hedge 100% of the market risk by holding directly or indirectly the underlying digital asset. Hedging is done continuously and in direct correspondence to the issuance of certificates to investors.

 

13.Warrant liability

 

As at September 30, 2025, the Company had the following common share purchase warrants and compensation options outstanding that are classified as liabilities:

 

   Number
outstanding &
exercisable
   Grant
date
  Expiry
date
  Exercise price   Fair value at grant date   Grant date share price   Expected volatility    Expected life (yrs)   Expected dividend yield   Risk-free interest rate 
Warrant liability   34,246,577   26-Sep-25  26-Sep-28  $2.63    53,241,889   $2.13    131.5%  3    0%   3.66%

 

The expected volatility is based on historical share prices of the Company. The weighted average life of the outstanding warrants was 3.00 years at September 30, 2025.

 

On September 25, 2025, the Company issued 34,246,577 warrants in association with the Company’s non-brokered private placement offering (Note 20). Each warrant entitles the holder to acquire 0.75 common share of the Company at a price of $2.63 for a period of three years.

 

27

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

  

14.Right-of-use asset and lease liability

 

In August 2025, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an office in Switzerland. The monthly rent payable under the terms of the lease was $66,258 (CHF53,280). The lease is for fixed term of five years commencing September 2025. The Company used a discount rate of 9% in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company has recorded a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the statement of financial position in association with this office lease.

 

Right-of-use asset

 

   Right-of-use asset 
Cost:    
Balance, December 31, 2024  $- 
Additions   3,208,882 
Foreign exchange   (2,301)
Balance, September 30, 2025  $3,206,581 
      
Depreciation:     
Balance, December 31, 2024  $- 
Depreciation charge for the year   51,180 
Balance, September 30, 2025  $51,180 
      
Net book value:     
As at September 30, 2025  $3,155,401 

 

Lease liability     
      
Lease liability as at December 31, 2024  $- 
Additions   3,208,882 
Interest expense   23,128 
      
Lease liability as at September 30, 2025  $3,232,010 

 

   September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Current lease liability  $540,794   $           - 
Non-current lease liability   2,691,216    - 
   $3,232,010   $- 

 

28

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

  

14.Right-of-use asset and lease liability (continued)

 

Future undiscounted minimum lease payments for the lease agreements are as follows:

 

   September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Within one year  $799,263   $     - 
After one year but not more than five years   3,184,733    - 
More than five years   -    - 
   $3,983,996   $- 

 

15.Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on digital assets

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2024   2025   2024 
Realized gains / (loss) on digital assets  $43,803,635   $9,380,608   $76,076,707   $217,349,995 
Unrealized gains / (loss) on digital assets   74,456,989    15,436,700    (46,745,729)   (84,872,687)
   $118,260,624   $24,817,308   $29,330,978   $132,477,308 

 

16.Unrealized gains and (losses) on equity instruments in digital assets funds through FVTPL

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2024   2025   2024 
Unrealized gains / (loss) on equity investments  $48,216,676   $21,472,220   $(4,811,120)  $10,833,817 
Realized gains / (loss) on equity investments   23,018,611    -    23,018,611    - 
   $71,235,287   $21,472,220   $18,207,491   $10,833,817 

 

17.Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on ETP payables

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2024   2025   2024 
Realized gains / (loss) on ETPs  $(53,436,530)  $(59,649,452)  $(60,236,973)  $(158,454,696)
Unrealized gains / (loss) on ETPs   (126,374,889)   33,353,190    54,234,629    44,452,136 
   $(179,811,419)  $(26,296,262)  $(6,002,344)  $(114,002,560)

 

29

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

   

18.Staking and lending income

 

For the nine months ended  September 30,
2025
   September 30,
2024
 
Validator nodes   2,773,659    - 
Equity investments in digital assets at FVTPL   13,231,578    - 
All other counterparties   8,075,513    16,807,671 
Total  $24,080,749   $16,807,671 

 

19.Expenses by nature

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2024   2025   2024 
Compensation and consulting  $3,351,581   $494,206   $8,657,330   $22,785,384 
Marketing expenses   3,334,484    2,357,764    7,953,765    3,500,504 
General and administration   552,932    1,180,800    1,756,904    1,520,048 
Professional fees   1,498,154    152,937    3,944,257    894,166 
Regulatory and transfer agent   119,877    29,586    405,409    119,821 
Travel expenses   97,425    361,677    350,976    399,918 
   $8,954,453   $4,576,970   $23,068,641   $29,219,841 

 

20.Share Capital

 

a)As at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company is authorized to issue:

 

I.Unlimited number of common shares with no par value;

 

II.20,000,000 preferred shares, 9% cumulative dividends, non-voting, non-participating, non-redeemable, non-retractable, and non-convertible by the holder. The preferred shares are redeemable by the Company in certain circumstances.

 

b)Issued and outstanding shares

 

   Common Shares   Amount 
Balance, December 31, 2023   276,658,208   $128,886,879 
Acquisition of Reflexivty LLC   5,000,000    2,295,276 
Acquisition of Solana IP   7,297,090    4,659,113 
Acquisition of Stillman Digital Inc. and Stillman Bermuda Inc.   2,500,000    5,065,277 
Warrants exercised   22,737,789    4,802,641 
Options exercised   3,912,405    2,839,539 
DSU exercised   6,432,281    4,517,142 
Treasury shares acquired   3,998,508    6,146,231 
Treasury shares paid out   (5,437,992)   (3,112,835)
NCIB   (1,840,600)   (2,804,597)
Balance, December 31, 2024   321,257,689   $153,294,666 
Acquisition of Reflexivty LLC (see Note 8)   186,034    442,722 
DSU exercised   4,235,755    6,845,046 
Options exercised   9,237,595    14,735,950 
Warrants exercised   3,125,000    671,132 
Share purchase agreement   1,607,717    3,909,861 
NCIB   (935,900)   (2,444,880)
Private placement   45,662,101    100,000,001 
Share issuance costs   -    (4,123,753)
Warrant liability   -    (53,241,889)
Balance, September 30, 2025   384,375,991   $220,088,856 

 

30

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

   

20.Share Capital (continued)

 

b)Issued and outstanding shares (continued)

 

On June 11, 2024, under the terms of the NCIB, the Company may, if considered advisable, purchase its common shares in open market transactions through the facilities of the exchange and/or other Canadian alternative trading platforms, not to exceed up to 10 per cent of the public float for the common shares as of June 3, 2024, or 26,996,392 common shares, purchased in aggregate. The price that the Company paid for the common shares was the prevailing market price at the time of purchase and all purchased common shares were cancelled by the Company. In accordance with exchange rules, daily purchases (other than pursuant to a block purchase exception) on the exchange under the NCIB cannot exceed 25 per cent of the average daily trading volume on the exchange, as measured from Dec. 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024. The NCIB commenced on June 10, 2024, and ran through June 9, 2025.

 

On August 21, 2025, the Company entered a one-year period under the terms of the NCIB, allowing the Company to purchase up to 10 percent of the public float for the common shares as of August 21, 2025, or 31,673,791 common shares, purchased in aggregate. The price that the Company paid for repurchased common shares was the prevailing market price at the time of purchase. All purchased common shares were cancelled by the Company. The NCIB commenced again on August 21, 2025 and runs through August 21, 2026.

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company purchased and cancelled 260,000 shares at an average price of CAD$3.01 (December 31, 2024 – 1,840,000 shares purchased and cancelled at an average price of CAD$2.11).

 

On September 26, 2025, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement offering of 45,662,101 units, at a price of $2.19 per unit, for aggregate gross proceeds of $100,000,001. Each unit consists of one common share of the Company and three-quarter common share purchase warrant. Each full warrant entitles the holder to purchase one common share of the Company at an exercise price of $2.63 per full common share purchase warrant for a period of 36 months from the issuance date.

 

The terms of the warrant agreement stated that if at any time during the term of the warrant, there is no effective registration statement, the warrant holder could elect to exercise the warrants by way of a cashless exercise. This violated the fixed-for-fixed criterion due to the cashless exercise option, and accordingly these warrants had been accounted for as a liability on issuance. On the date of issuance, the Company determined that the fair value of the warrant liability was $53,241,889 with the residual of $46,758,112 allocated to common shares. The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: an underlying share price of $2.125, an exercise price of $2.63, a risk-free rate of 3.66%, an expected volatility of 131.5%, an expected life of 3 years and an expected dividend yield of 0%.

 

The Company also incurred transaction costs of $8,819,331 on the issuance. The transaction costs were allocated based on the fair value of the shares and warrant liability. $4,123,753 of transaction costs related to the shares were recorded as a reduction to the transaction price of the instruments within equity and $4,695,578 of transaction costs related to the warrant liability were expensed.

 

21.Share-based payments reserves

 

Stock options, DSUs and Warrants

 

   Options   DSU   Warrants     
   Number of
 Options
   Weighted average
 exercise
price (CAD)
   Value of
options
   Number of
 DSU
   Value of
DSU
   Number of
warrants
   Weighted average
 exercise
price (CAD)
   Value of
warrants
   Total Value 
December 31, 2023   23,405,000   $0.72    13,242,820    9,644,286   $5,943,892    45,868,426   $0.30   $2,075,965   $21,262,677 
Granted   9,461,187    1.82    5,600,819    10,914,007    7,423,790    -    -    -    13,024,609 
Exercised   (3,912,405)   0.28    (1,138,528)   (6,432,281)   (4,517,142)   (22,737,789)   0.06    (1,347,414)   (7,003,084)
Expired / cancelled   (700,000)   2.08    (800,683)   (1,000,000)   (82,095)   (5,637)   0.30    (418)   (883,196)
December 31, 2024   28,253,782   $1.32   $16,904,428    13,126,012   $8,768,445    23,125,000   $0.20   $728,133   $26,401,006 
Granted / vested   1,671,030    4.51    4,884,872    1,839,685    6,528,831    -    -    -    11,413,703 
Exercised   (9,237,595)   1.14    (7,277,803)   (1,050,000)   (6,845,046)   (3,125,000)   0.23    (130,719)   (14,253,568)
Expired / cancelled   (500,000)   4.50    -    (4,235,755)   (655,459)   -    -    -    (655,459)
September 30, 2025   20,187,217   $1.59   $14,511,497    9,679,942   $7,796,771    20,000,000   $-   $597,414   $22,905,682 

 

31

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

21.Share-based payments reserves (continued)

 

Stock option plan

 

The Company has an ownership-based compensation scheme for executives and employees. In accordance with the terms of the plan, as approved by shareholders at a previous annual general meeting, officers, directors and consultants of the Company may be granted options to purchase common shares with the exercise prices determined at the time of grant. The Company has adopted a Floating Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”), whereby the number of common shares reserved for issuance under the Plan is equivalent of up to 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company from time to time.

 

Each employee share option converts into one common share of the Company on exercise. No amounts are paid or payable by the recipient on receipt of the option. The options carry neither rights to dividends nor voting rights. Options may be exercised at any time from the date of vesting to the date of their expiry.

 

On January 6, 2025, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to an officer of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.59 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every month such that all options shall fully vests on the date that is 4 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $304,449 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 151%; risk-free interest rate of 2.96%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On January 28, 2025, the Company granted 1,200,000 stock options to various consultants of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.52 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vests on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $3,591,500 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 150%; risk-free interest rate of 2.89%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On May 26, 2025, the Company granted 50,304 stock options to an officer of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.97 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in 12 equal instalments every month commencing one month from the grant date and upon completion of certain performance conditions. The performance conditions have not been met as of September 30, 2025 and as such, none of the options have vested. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $162,653 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 143%; risk-free interest rate of 2.92%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On May 26, 2025, the Company granted 50,304 stock options to an officer of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.97 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in 12 equal instalments every month such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $162,653 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 143%; risk-free interest rate of 2.92%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On May 26, 2025, the Company granted 70,422 stock options to a consultant of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.97 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three month such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $227,702 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 143%; risk-free interest rate of 2.92%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On July 11, 2025, the Company granted 200,000 stock options to a consultant of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.00 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $523,906 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 143%; risk-free interest rate of 3.03%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On March 12, 2024, the Company granted 125,000 stock options to a consultant of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$0.69 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $58,646 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 149.1%; risk-free interest rate of 3.71%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

32

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

21.Share-based payments reserves (continued)

 

Stock option plan (continued)

 

On April 23, 2024, the Company granted 250,000 stock options to a consultant of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$0.77 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $120,370 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 154.3%; risk-free interest rate of 3.79%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On May 1, 2024, the Company granted 250,000 stock options to a consultant of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$0.77 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $127,463 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 154.3%; risk-free interest rate of 3.63%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On May 21, 2024, the Company granted 200,000 stock options to a consultant of the Company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$1.03 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $140,309 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 154.3%; risk-free interest rate of 3.79%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On June 4, 2024, the Company granted 4,000,000 stock options to a company controlled by management of Valour Inc. to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$1.26 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $3,432,925 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 154.5%; risk-free interest rate of 4.08%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On July 29, 2024, the Company granted 3,667,187 stock options to a company controlled by management to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$2.17 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest (a) on December 31, 2024 and (b) upon a company controlled by management having entered into a contract with an employee or consultant of the Corporation or its subsidiaries to transfer the underlying shares subject to the option, subject to performance hurdles. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $6,000,617 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 156.0%; risk-free interest rate of 3.20%; and an expected average life of 5 years. No agreement had been entered as at September 30, 2025 and as such, the options have not vested.

 

On November 4, 2024, the Company granted 46,500 stock options to a employees of the company. to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$2.28 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $72,368 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 150%; risk-free interest rate of 3.04%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On November 4, 2024, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to a consultant of the company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$2.28 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every month such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is four months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $155,335 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 150%; risk-free interest rate of 3.04%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On December 6, 2024, the Company granted 35,000 stock options to a consultant of the company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.50 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every three months such that all options shall fully vest on the date that is 12 months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $124,892 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 151%; risk-free interest rate of 2.81%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

33

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

21.Share-based payments reserves (continued)

 

Stock option plan (continued)

 

On December 6, 2024, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to a consultant of the company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.50 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options shall vest in four equal instalments every month such that all options shall fully vests on the date that is four months from the date of grant. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $356,834 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 151%; risk-free interest rate of 2.81%; and an expected average life of 5 years.

 

On December 6, 2024, the Company granted 500,000 stock options to a consultant of the company to purchase common shares of the Company for the price of CAD$4.50 for a period of five years from the date of grant. The options were to vest upon the closing of a merger and acquisition transaction by the Company with a Target Company as described in a finder agreement between the Company and the consultant.. These options have an estimated grant date fair value of $1,784,168 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 151%; risk-free interest rate of 2.81%; and an expected average life of 5 years. The merger and acquisition transaction did not close within the prescribed timeline of the finder agreement and as such, the options were cancelled during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

 

The Company recorded $4,844,872 of share-based payments related to stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (nine months ended September 30, 2024 - $6,732,442).

 

The following stock options were outstanding at September 30, 2025:

 

Number outstanding   Number exercisable   Grant
date
  Expiry
date
  Exercise price   Vested fair value at reporting date   Grant date share price (CAD)   Expected volatility   Expected life (yrs)   Expected dividend yield   Risk-free interest rate 
 100,000    100,000   16-Nov-20  16-Nov-25  $0.09    5,858   $0.09    139%   5    0%   0.46%
 325,000    325,000   22-Mar-21  22-Mar-26  $1.58    474,537   $2.12    146%   5    0%   0.99%
 920,000    920,000   9-Apr-21  9-Apr-26  $1.58    1,120,241   $1.78    145%   5    0%   0.95%
 700,000    700,000   18-May-21  18-May-26  $1.22    83,230   $1.25    146%   5    0%   0.95%
 400,000    400,000   18-May-21  18-May-26  $1.22    832,151   $1.25    146%   5    0%   0.95%
 500,000    500,000   13-Aug-21  13-Aug-26  $1.58    469,962   $1.43    144%   5    0%   0.84%
 210,000    210,000   13-Oct-21  13-Oct-26  $2.10    292,262   $2.10    144%   5    0%   1.27%
 500,000    500,000   9-Nov-21  9-Nov-26  $3.92    478,839   $3.92    144%   5    0%   1.37%
 500,000    500,000   9-May-22  9-May-27  $2.00    437,859   $1.34    146%   5    0%   2.76%
 500,000    500,000   20-May-22  20-May-27  $1.00    247,278   $0.75    147%   5    0%   2.70%
 500,000    500,000   17-Oct-22  17-Oct-27  $0.17    55,736   $0.17    150%   5    0%   3.60%
 500,000    500,000   24-Nov-23  24-Nov-28  $0.29    102,077   $0.29    152%   5    0%   3.83%
 4,500,000    4,500,000   4-Dec-23  4-Dec-28  $0.45    1,599,727   $0.45    152%   5    0%   3.54%
 100,000    100,000   12-Mar-24  12-Mar-29  $0.69    47,089   $0.69    154%   5    0%   3.47%
 62,500    62,500   23-Apr-24  23-Apr-29  $0.77    30,202   $0.77    154%   5    0%   3.79%
 250,000    250,000   1-May-24  1-May-29  $0.77    127,929   $0.77    154%   5    0%   3.63%
 4,000,000    4,000,000   4-Jun-24  4-Jun-29  $1.26    3,445,474   $1.26    155%   5    0%   4.08%
 3,667,187    -   29-Jul-24  29-Jul-29  $2.17    -   $2.39    156%   5    0%   3.20%
 100,000    75,000   4-Nov-24  4-Nov-29  $2.28    155,335   $2.30    150%   5    0%   3.04%
 46,500    34,875   4-Nov-24  4-Nov-29  $2.28    70,633   $2.30    150%   5    0%   3.04%
 100,000    75,000   6-Dec-24  6-Dec-29  $4.50    355,534   $5.24    151%   5    0%   2.81%
 35,000    26,250   6-Dec-24  6-Dec-29  $4.50    119,160   $5.24    151%   5    0%   2.81%
 100,000    100,000   6-Jan-25  6-Jan-30  $4.59    304,449   $4.59    151%   5    0%   2.96%
 1,200,000    600,000   28-Jan-25  28-Jan-30  $4.52    3,174,031   $4.52    150%   5    0%   2.89%
 50,304    16,768   26-May-25  26-May-30  $4.97    111,649   $4.97    143%   5    0%   2.92%
 50,304    16,768   26-May-25  26-May-30  $4.97    111,649   $4.97    143%   5    0%   2.92%
 70,422    17,606   26-May-25  26-May-30  $4.97    142,218   $4.97    143%   5    0%   2.92%
 200,000    -   11-Jul-25  11-Jul-30  $4.00    116,388   $4.00    143%   5    0%   3.03%
 20,187,217    15,529,767               14,511,497                          

 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the options exercisable at September 30, 2025 was 2.96 years (December 31, 2024 – 3.04 years).

 

34

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

21.Share-based payments reserves (continued)

 

Warrants

 

As at September 30, 2025, the Company had share purchase warrants outstanding as follows:

 

   Number
outstanding &
exercisable
   Grant
date
  Expiry
date
  Exercise price   Fair value at grant date   Grant date share price (CAD)   Expected volatility   Expected life (yrs)   Expected dividend yield   Risk-free interest rate 
Warrants   20,000,000   6-Nov-23  6-Nov-28  $0.20    602,947   $0.17    151.9%   5    0%   3.87%
Warrant issue costs                   (5,533)                         
    20,000,000               597,414                          

 

See Note 13 for warrant liability.

 

Deferred Share Units Plan (DSUs)

 

On August 15, 2021, the Company adopted the DSUs plan. Eligible participants of the DSU Plan include any director, officer, employee or consultant of the Company. The Board fixes the vesting terms it deems appropriate when granting DSUs. The number of DSUs that may be granted under the DSU Plan may not exceed 5% of the total issued and outstanding Common Shares at the time of grant.

 

On January 6, 2025, the Company granted 100,000 DSUs to an officer of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $459,000 and vest in three equal installments every year, with the first installment vesting one year from the grant date.

 

On January 28, 2025, the Company granted 1,400,000 DSUs to an officer of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $6,328,000 and vest in three equal installments every year, with the first installment vesting one year from the grant date.

 

On May 26, 2025, the Company granted 35,000 DSUs to consultants of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $125,165 and vest in one year from the date of grant.

 

On May 26, 2025, the Company granted 200,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $715,229 and vested on completion of certain performance conditions. These conditions were met during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and as such, the DSUs vested during this period.

 

On May 26, 2025, the Company granted 60,362 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $215,863 and vest in four equal installments every six months, with the first installment vesting six months from the grant date.

 

On July 11, 2025, the Company granted 44,323 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $215,863 and vest in four equal installments every six months, with the first installment vesting six months from the grant date.

 

On May 21, 2024, the Company granted 1,000,000 DSUs to an employee of Valour. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $1,185,000 and vest immediately.

 

On May 21, 2024, the Company granted 1,500,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $1,777,500 and vest in six months from the grant day.

 

On May 21, 2024, the Company granted 200,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $177,292 and vest in in 12 months from the grant day.

 

On July 29, 2024, the Company granted 3,964,007 DSUs to a company controlled by management. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $9,473,750 and vest (a) on December 31, 2024 and (b) upon a company controlled by management thereof having entered into a contract with an employee or consultant of the Corporation or its subsidiaries to transfer the underlying shares subject to the option, subject to performance hurdles. No agreement had been entered as at September 30, 2025 and as such, the DSUs have not vested in relation to the 3,964,007 DSUs and no expense was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

 

35

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

21.Share-based payments reserves (continued)

 

Deferred Share Units Plan (DSUs) (continued)

 

On July 29, 2024, the Company granted 475,000 DSUs to officers and directors of the Company. These DSUs have a grant date fair value of $1,135,250 and vest in four equal installments every six months following the grant date, with the first installment vesting six months after the grant date.

 

On September 24, 2024, the Company granted 1,125,000 DSUs to officers and consultants of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $3,319,000 and vest in four equal installments every six months, with the first instalment vesting on the date that is three months from the grant day.

 

On November 4, 2024, the Company granted 100,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $210,000 and vest in four equal installments every month, with the first instalment vesting on the date that is one month from the grant day.

 

On November 21, 2024, the Company granted 1,000,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $3,380,000 and 250,000 vest three months from the grant date 500,000 vest six months from the grant date and the remaining 250,000 vest nine months from the grant date.

 

On November 21, 2024, the Company granted 950,000 DSUs to consultants of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $3,211,000 and vest immediately

 

On December 6, 2024, the Company granted 100,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $524,000 and vest in four equal installments every month, with the first instalment vesting on the date that is one month from the grant day.

 

On December 6, 2024, the Company granted 500,000 DSUs to a consultant of the Company. These DSUs have a grant day fair value of $2,620,000 and vest upon the closing of a merger and acquisition transaction by the Company with a Target Company as described in a finder agreement between the Company and the consultant. The merger and acquisition transaction did not close within the prescribed timeline of the finder agreement and as such, the DSUs were cancelled during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

 

The Company recorded $6,528,831 in share-based compensation related to DSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (nine months ended September 30, 2024 - $5,774,343).

 

36

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments

 

Financial assets and financial liabilities as at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

 

   Asset / (liabilities)
at amortized cost
   Assets/
(liabilities) at fair value through profit/(loss)
   Total 
December 31, 2024               
Cash  $15,931,525   $-   $15,931,525 
Client Cash Deposits   10,665,147    -    10,665,147 
Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked   -    555,838,900    555,838,900 
Equity investments   -    257,425,063    257,425,063 
Public investments   -    778,085    778,085 
Private investments   -    37,348,081    37,348,081 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (3,482,464)   -    (3,482,464)
Loan payable   (9,693,294)   -    (9,693,294)
Trading liabilities   -    (15,109,375)   (15,109,375)
ETP holders payable   -    (871,162,347)   (871,162,347)
September 30, 2025               
Cash  $119,541,083   $-   $119,541,083 
Client Cash Deposits   5,387,686    -    5,387,686 
Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked   -    789,254,841    789,254,841 
Equity investments   -    193,964,955    193,964,955 
Private investments   -    43,977,068    43,977,068 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (9,599,999)   -    (9,599,999)
Loan payable   (12,813,123)   -    (12,813,123)
Trading liabilities   -    (16,007,678)   (16,007,678)
Warrant liability   -    (53,264,837)   (53,264,837)
ETP holders payable   -    (989,124,847)   (989,124,847)

 

The Company’s financial instruments are exposed to several risks, including market, liquidity, credit and currency risks. There have been no significant changes in the risks, objectives, policies and procedures from the previous year. A discussion of the Company’s use of financial instruments and their associated risks is provided below:

 

Credit risk

 

Credit risk arises from the non-performance by counterparties of contractual financial obligations. The Company’s primary counterparty related to its cash carries an investment grade rating as assessed by external rating agencies. The Company maintains all or substantially all of its cash with a major financial institution domiciled in Canada, the United States and Europe. Deposits held with this institution may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits.

 

37

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

Regulatory Risks

 

As cryptocurrencies have grown in both popularity and market size, governments around the world have reacted differently to cryptocurrencies with certain governments deeming them illegal while others have allowed their use and trade. Ongoing and future regulatory actions may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the ability of the Company to continue to operate. The effect of any future regulatory change on the DeFi ecosystem or any cryptocurrency, project or protocol that the Company may hold is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the space as a whole, as well as potentially to the Company. Governments may, in the future, restrict or prohibit the acquisition, use or redemption of cryptocurrencies. Ownership of, holding or trading in cryptocurrencies may then be considered illegal and subject to sanction. Governments may also take regulatory action that may increase the cost and/or subject cryptocurrency mining companies to additional regulation.

 

Custodian Risks

 

The Company uses multiple custodians (or third-party “wallet providers”) to hold digital assets for its DeFi Ventures business line as well as for digital assets underlying Valour Cayman ETPs. Such custodians may or may not be subject to regulation by U.S. state or federal or non-U.S. governmental agencies or other regulatory or self-regulatory organizations. The Company could have a high concentration of its digital assets in one location or with one custodian, which may be prone to losses arising out of hacking, loss of passwords, compromised access credentials, malware or cyberattacks. Custodians may not indemnify us against any losses of digital assets. Digital assets held by certain custodians may be transferred into “cold storage” or “deep storage,” in which case there could be a delay in retrieving such digital assets. The Company may also incur costs related to the third-party custody and storage of its digital assets. Any security breach, incurred cost or loss of digital assets associated with the use of a custodian could materially and adversely affect our trading execution, the value of our and the value of any investment in our common shares. Furthermore, there is, and is likely to continue to be, uncertainty as to how U.S. and non-U.S. laws will be applied with respect to custody of cryptocurrencies and other digital assets held on behalf of clients. For example, U.S.- regulated investment advisers may be required to keep client “funds and securities” with a “qualified custodian”; there remain numerous questions about how to interpret and apply this rule, and how to identify a “qualified custodian” of, digital assets, which are obviously kept in a different way from the traditional securities with respect to which such rules were written. The uncertainty and potential difficulties associated with this question and related questions could materially and adversely affect our ability to continuously develop and launch our business lines. The Company may also incur costs related to the third-party custody and storage of its digital assets. Any security breach, incurred cost or loss of digital assets associated with the use of a custodian could materially and adversely affect the execution of hedging ETPs, the value of the Company’s assets and the value of any investment in the Common Shares.

 

Liquidity risk

 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not have sufficient cash resources to meet its financial obligations as they come due. The Company’s liquidity and operating results may be adversely affected if the Company’s access to the capital markets is hindered, whether as a result of a downturn in stock market conditions generally or related to matters specific to the Company, or if the value of the Company’s investments declines, resulting in losses upon disposition. In addition, some of the investments the Company holds are lightly traded public corporations or not publicly traded and may not be easily liquidated. The Company generates cash flow from proceeds from the disposition of its investments and digital assets. There can be no assurances that sufficient funding, including adequate financing, will be available to cover the general and administrative expenses necessary for the maintenance of a public company. All of the Company’s assets, liabilities and obligations are due within one to three years.

 

The Company manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash balances and liquid investments and digital assets. The Company continuously monitors and reviews both actual and forecasted cash flows, and also matches the maturity profile of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. As at September 30, 2025, the Company had current assets of $948,395,427 (December 31, 2024 - $710,993,671) to settle current liabilities of $1,081,351,278 (December 31, 2024 - $899,447,480).

 

38

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

The following table shows the Company’s source of liquidity by assets / (liabilities) as at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

 

   September 30, 2025 
   Total   Less than 1 year   1-3 years 
Cash  $119,541,083   $119,541,083   $- 
Client cash deposits   5,387,686    5,387,686    - 
Prepaid expenses   5,372,448    5,372,448    - 
Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked   789,254,841    720,051,687    69,203,154 
Private investments   43,977,068    -    43,977,068 
Equity investments   193,964,955    98,042,523    95,922,432 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (9,599,999)   (9,599,999)   - 
Loan payable   (12,813,123)   (12,813,123)   - 
Trading liabilities   (16,007,678)   (16,007,678)     
Warrant liabilities   (53,264,837)   (53,264,837)   - 
ETP holders payable   (989,124,847)   (989,124,847)   - 
Total assets / (liabilities)  $76,687,597   $(132,415,057)  $209,102,654 

 

   December 31, 2024 
   Total   Less than 1 year   1-3 years 
Cash  $15,931,525   $15,931,525   $- 
Client cash deposits   10,665,147    10,665,147    - 
Public Investments   778,085    778,085    - 
Prepaid expenses   1,797,724    1,797,724    - 
Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked   555,838,900    555,504,190    334,710 
Private investments   37,348,081    -    37,348,081 
Equity investments   257,425,063    126,317,000    131,108,063 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (3,482,464)   (3,482,464)   - 
Loan payable   (9,693,294)   (9,693,294)   - 
Trading liabilities   (15,109,375)   (15,109,375)     
ETP holders payable   (871,162,347)   (871,162,347)   - 
Total assets / (liabilities)  $(19,662,955)  $(188,453,809)  $168,790,854 

 

Digital assets included in the table above are non-financial assets except USDC. For the purposes of liquidity risk analysis, these non-financial assets were included as they are mainly utilized to pay off any redemptions related to ETP holders payable, a financial liability. The lent and staked digital assets fall under the “less than 1 year” bucket.

 

Market risk

 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of, or future cash flows from, the Company’s financial instruments will significantly fluctuate because of changes in market prices.

 

(a)Price and concentration risk

 

The Company is exposed to market risk in trading its investments and unfavourable market conditions could result in dispositions of investments at less than favorable prices. In addition, most of the Company’s investments are in the technology sector. At September 30, 2025, the Company had no investments exposed to market risk (December 31, 2024 – one investment of 3.4%).

 

39

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

(b)Interest rate risk

 

The Company’s cash is subject to interest rate cash flow risk as it carries variable rates of interest. The Company’s interest rate risk management policy is to purchase highly liquid investments with a term to maturity of one year or less on the date of purchase. Based on cash balances on hand at September 30, 2025, a 1% change in interest rates could result in approximately $159,000 change in net loss.

 

(c)Currency risk

 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value of, or future cash flows from, the Company’s financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company’s operations are exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations, which could have a significant adverse effect on its results of operations from time to time. The Company’s foreign currency risk arises primarily with respect to Canadian dollar, Euro, Swiss Franc, Swedish Krona and British Pound. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between this currency and the U.S. dollar could have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. The Company does not engage in any hedging activity to mitigate this risk. The Company reduces its currency risk by maintaining minimal cash balances held in foreign currency.

 

As at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had the following financial and non-financial assets and liabilities, (amounts posted in US dollars) denominated in foreign currencies:

  

   September 30, 2025 
   Canadian Dollars   British
Pound
   Swiss Franc   Swedish Krona   European
Euro
   Arab Emirates Dirham 
Cash  $380,814   $1,063   $5,173,374   $13,972,983   $4,275,841   $194,958 
Private investments   5,127,166    -    36,650,027    -    -    - 
Prepaid investment   880,423    -    57,703    -    -    26,391 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (4,823,105)   -    (198,225)   -    (26,603)   (10,275)
ETP holders payable   -    -    -    (201,397,741)   (3,978,524)   - 
Net assets (liabilities)  $1,565,298   $1,063   $41,682,879   $(187,424,758)  $270,714   $211,074 

 

   December 31, 2024 
   Canadian Dollars   British
Pound
   Swiss Franc   Swedish Krona   European
Euro
   Arab Emirates Dirham 
Cash  $1,768,319   $-   $3,573,221   $6,823,399   $2,533,427   $61,252 
Private investments   1,367,716    -    35,457,990    -    -    - 
Prepaid investment   447,753    -    -    -    -    - 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (1,695,248)   (55,416)   (247,501)   -    (15,562)   - 
Net assets (liabilities)  $1,888,540   $(55,416)  $38,783,710   $6,823,399   $2,517,865   $61,252 

 

A 10% increase (decrease) in the value of the US dollar against all foreign currencies in which the Company held financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 would result in an estimated increase (decrease) in net income of approximately $5,069,000 (December 31, 2024 - $5,002,000).

 

40

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

(d)Digital currency risk factors: Perception, Evolution, Validation and Valuation

 

A digital currency does not represent an intrinsic value or a form of credit. Its value is a function of the perspective of the participants within the marketplace for that digital currency. The price of the digital currency fluctuates as a result of supply and demand pressures that accumulate in the market for it.

 

Having a finite supply (in the case of many but not all digital currencies), the more people who want to own that digital currency, the more the market price increases and vice-versa.

 

The most common means of determining the value of a digital currency is through one or more cryptocurrency exchanges where that digital currency is traded. Such exchanges publicly disclose the “times and sales” of the various listed pairs. As the marketplace for digital currencies evolves, the process for assessing value will become increasingly sophisticated.

 

(e)Fair value of financial instruments

 

The Company has determined the carrying values of its financial instruments as follows:

 

i.The carrying values of cash, amounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and loan payables approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

 

ii.Public and private investments are carried at amounts in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies as set out in Note 2 in the Company’s December 31, 2024 financial statements.

 

iii.Digital assets classified as financial assets relate to USDC which is measured at fair value.

 

iv.ETP payable and warrant liability classified as financial liabilities are measured at fair value.

 

The following table illustrates the classification and hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments, measured at fair value in the statements of financial position as at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

 

   Level 1
(Quoted Market
price)
   Level 2
(Valuation
technique -observable market Inputs)
   Level 3
(Valuation
 technique -
non-observable
market inputs)
   Total 
Privately traded invesments  $-   $-   $37,348,081   $37,348,081 
Digital assets   -    555,838,900         555,838,900 
Equity investments   -    -    257,425,063    257,425,063 
Publicly traded investments   778,085    -    -    778,085 
December 31, 2024  $778,085   $555,838,900   $294,773,144   $851,390,129 
                     
Privately traded invesments  $-   $-   $43,977,068   $43,977,068 
Digital assets   -    789,254,841    -    789,254,841 
Equity investments   -    -    193,964,955    193,964,955 
September 30, 2025  $-   $789,254,841   $237,942,023   $1,027,196,864 

 

41

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

  

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

(e)Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

 

Level 1 Hierarchy

 

The following table presents the changes in fair value measurements of financial instruments classified as Level 1 during the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These financial instruments are measured at fair value utilizing non-observable market inputs. The net realized losses and net unrealized gains are recognized in the statements of loss.

 

Level 1 investments, financial assets at fair value  September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Opening balance  $778,085   $           - 
Realized loss on investments   (300,804)   - 
Transferred from level 3   -    778,085 
Investments sold   (477,281)   - 
   $-   $778,085 

 

Level 2 Hierarchy

 

The following table presents the changes in fair value measurements of financial instruments classified as Level 2 during the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These financial instruments are measured at fair value utilizing non-observable market inputs. The net realized losses and net unrealized gains are recognized in the statements of loss.

 

Level 2 investments, financial assets at fair value  September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Opening balance  $555,838,900   $370,469,700 
Digital assets acquired   234,966,522    401,118,676 
Digital assets disposed   (62,303,444)   (514,217,138)
Digital assets earned from staking, lending and fees   10,849,531    26,075,436 
Realized gain on digital assets   76,076,707    306,744,938 
Unrealized losses on digital assets   (46,745,729)   (34,372,022)
Digital assets transferred in from level 3   22,301,756    - 
Fees and other   (1,729,402)   19,310 
   $789,254,841   $555,838,900 

 

Level 3 Hierarchy

 

The following table presents the changes in fair value measurements of financial instruments classified as Level 3 during the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These financial instruments are measured at fair value utilizing non-observable market inputs. The net realized losses and net unrealized gains are recognized in the statements of loss.

 

Level 3 investments, financial assets at fair value  September 30,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Opening balance  $294,773,144   $32,717,095 
Purchases   6,100,504    173,814,141 
Transferred to level 1   -    (778,085)
Acquired as subsidiary   (379,906)   - 
Realized gain   23,021,334    83,723,906 
Unrealized (loss)/ gain   (4,811,120)   5,296,087 
Equity investments from staking fees   13,231,218    - 
Management fees on equity investments   (911,242)   - 
Transferred to level 2   (22,301,756)   - 
Foreign exchange gain   905,666    - 
Equity investments disposed   (71,685,819)   - 
   $237,942,023   $294,773,144 

 

42

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

(e)Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

 

Within Level 3, the Company includes private company investments that are not quoted on an exchange. The key assumptions used in the valuation of these instruments include (but are not limited to) the value at which a recent financing was done by the investee, company-specific information, trends in general market conditions and the share performance of comparable publicly traded companies.

 

As valuations of investments for which market quotations are not readily available, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate within short periods of time and are based on estimates, determination of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have resulted if a ready market existed for the investments. Given the size of the private investment portfolio, such changes may have a significant impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results.

 

The following table presents the fair value, categorized by key valuation techniques and the unobservable inputs used within Level 3 as at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

 

Description  Fair value   Valuation
technique
  Significant
unobservable
input(s)
  Range of
significant
unobservable
input(s)
3iQ Corp.  $300,460   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Luxor Technology Corporation   500,050   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Neuronomics AG   89,581   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Amina Bank   35,457,990   Market approach  Marketability of shares  0% discount
ZKP Corporation   1,000,000   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Equity Investments in digital   257,425,063   Market approach  Discount for lack of marketability  25% discount
December 31, 2024  $294,773,144          
               
Luxor Technology Corporation  $516,861   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Amina Bank   36,650,028   Market approach  Marketability of shares  0% discount
ZKP Corporation   1,000,000   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Global Benchmarks AB   199,875   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
CH Technical Solutions SA   3,891,966   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
TenX Protocols Inc.   718,339   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Canada Stablecorp Inc.   499,999   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Continental Stable Coin   500,000   Recent financing  Marketability of shares  0% discount
Equity Investments in digital   193,964,955   Market approach  Discount for lack of marketability  19% discount
September 30, 2025  $237,942,023          

 

3iQ Corp. (“3iQ”)

 

On March 31, 2020, the Company acquired 187,007 common shares of 3iQ as part of the Company’s acquisition of Valour. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 125,295 common shares of 3iQ. On September 3, 2025, the Company sold its remaining 61,712 shares of 3iQ for proceeds of $481,484 resulting in a gain on sale of $181,015. As at September 30, 2025, the Company owned no shares of 3iQ.

 

43

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

(e)Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

 

Amina Bank AG (“Amina”)

 

On January 14, 2022, the Company invested $25,286,777 (CAD$34,498,750) to acquire 3,906,250 non-votes shares of Amina. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of Amina was based on a market approach which is indicative of being the fair market value. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of Amina will result in a corresponding +/- $3,665,003 (December 31, 2024 +/- $3,545,798) change in the carrying amount.

 

Earnity Inc. (“Earnity”)

 

On April 13, 2021, the Company subscribed $40,000 to acquire certain rights to certain future equity of Earnity. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of Earnity was determined to be nil based on Earnity ceasing operations. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of Earnity will result in a corresponding +/- $nil (December 31, 2024 - $nil) change in the carrying amount.

 

Luxor Technology Corporation (“LTC”)

 

On December 29, 2020, the Company subscribed $100,000 to acquire certain rights to the preferred shares of LTC. The transaction was closed on February 15, 2021. On May 11, 2021, the Company subscribed to additional rights of $62,500. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of LTC was based on a previous financing which is indicative of being the fair market value. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025. a +/- 10% change in the fair value of LTC will result in a corresponding +/- $51,686 (December 31, 2024 - $50,006) change in the carrying amount.

 

SDK:Meta LLC

 

On June 3, 2021, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement with SDK exchanging 1,000,000 membership units of SDK with 3,000,000 shares of the Company valuing the investment at $2,506,780 (CAD$3,420,000). During 2022, the Company impaired its investment in SDK:Meta LLC as they were unsuccessful in raising additional funds to continue to advance the company. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of SDK:Meta LLC was $nil (December 31, 2024 - $nil). Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of SDK:Meta LLC will result in a corresponding +/- $nil (December 31, 2024 - $nil) change in the carrying amount.

 

Skolem Technologies Ltd. (“STL”)

 

On December 29, 2020, the Company invested $20,000 to acquire certain rights to the preferred shares of STL. On October 29, 2021, the Company rights were converted into 16,354 series A preferred shares. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of STL was determined to be nil based on STL ceasing operations. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of STL will result in a corresponding +/- $nil (December 31, 2024 - $nil) change in the carrying amount.

 

VolMEX Labs Corporation (“VLC”)

 

On February 23, 2021, the Company invested $30,000 to acquire certain rights to the preferred shares of VLC. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of VLC was nil. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of VLC will result in a corresponding +/- nil (December 31, 2024 - $nil) change in the carrying amount.

 

ZKP Corporation (“ZKP”)

 

On August 2, 2024, the Company invested $1,000,000 to acquire shares of ZKP. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of ZKP was based on the recent financing price. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of ZKP will result in a corresponding +/- $100,000 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $100,000).

 

44

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

22.Financial instruments (continued)

 

(e)Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

 

Global Benchmarks AB (“Global Benchmarks”)

 

On September 24, 2024, the Company invested $199,875 to acquire shares of Global Benchmarks. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of Global Benchmarks was based on a recent financing price. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of Global Benchmarks will result in a corresponding +/- $19,988 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $19,988).

 

CH Technical Solutions SA (“CH Technical”)

 

On September 24, 2024, the Company invested $3,971,272 to acquire 25 shares of CH Technical. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of CH Technical was based on a recent financing price. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of CH Technical will result in a corresponding +/- $389,197 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $nil).

 

TenX Protocols Inc. (“TenX”)

 

On July 24, 2025, the Company invested $718,339 to acquire 1,334,000 shares of TenX. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of TenX was based on a recent financing price. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of TenX will result in a corresponding +/- $71,834 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $nil).

 

Canada Stablecorp Inc.

 

On September 9, 2025, the Company invested $499,999 to acquire 303,030 shares of Canada Stablecorp Inc. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of Canada Stablecorp Inc.was based on a recent financing price. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of Canada Stablecorp Inc. will result in a corresponding +/- $50,000 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $nil).

 

Continental Stable Coin

 

On July 25, 2025, the Company invested $500,000 to acquire rights to certain preferred shares of Continental Stable Coin. As at September 30, 2025, the valuation of Continental Stable Coin was based on a recent financing price. Management has determined that there are no reasonably possible alternative assumptions that would change the fair value significantly as at September 30, 2025. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of Continental Stable Coin will result in a corresponding +/- $50,000 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $nil).

 

Equity Investments in Digital Assets Funds at FVTPL (“Equity Investments”)

 

During Q2 2024, the Company invested $173,814,136 to acquire interest in two entities set up to hold SOL and AVAX acquired from a bankrupt estate. Management used the net asset values as determined by the entities managers and applied a 19% discount for lack of marketability. As at September 30, 2025, a +/- 10% change in the fair value of the Equity Investments will result in a corresponding +/- $19,396,496 change in the carrying amount (December 31, 2024 - $25,742,506).

 

23.Digital asset risk

 

(a)Digital currency risk factors: Risks due to the technical design of cryptocurrencies

 

The source code of many digital currencies, such as Bitcoin, is public and may be downloaded and viewed by anyone. As with all code, there may be a bug in the respective code which is yet to be found and repaired and can ultimately jeopardize the integrity and security of one or more of these networks.

 

Should miners for reasons yet unknown cease to register completed transactions within blocks which have been detached from the block chain, the confidence in the protocol and network will be reduced, which will reduce the value of the digital currency associated with that protocol, and the ETP payable balances that are valued with reference to the respective digital asset.

 

Protocols for most digital assets or cryptocurrencies are public open-source software, they could be particularly vulnerable to hacker attacks, which could be damaging for the digital currency market and may be the cause for investors to choose other currencies or assets to invest in.

 

45

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

23.Digital asset risk (continued)

 

(b)Digital currency risk factors: Ownership, Wallets

 

Rather than the actual cryptocurrency (which are “stored” on the blockchain), a cryptocurrency wallet stores the information necessary to transact the cryptocurrency. Those digital credentials are needed so one can access and spend the underlying digital assets. Some use public-key cryptography in which two cryptographic keys, one public and one private, are generated and stored in a wallet. There are several types of wallets:

 

-Hardware wallets are USB-like hardware devices with a small screen built specifically for handling private keys and public keys/addresses.

 

-Paper wallets are simply paper printouts of private and public addresses.

 

-

Desktop wallets are installable software programs/apps downloaded from the internet that hold your private and public keys/addresses.

 

-Mobile wallets are wallets installed on a mobile device and are thus always available and connected to the internet.

 

-Web wallets are hot wallets that are always connected to the internet that can be stored in a browser or can be “hosted” by third party providers such as an exchange.

 

(c)Digital currency risk factors: Political, regulatory risk and technology in the market of digital currencies

 

The legal status of digital currencies, inter alia Bitcoin varies between different countries. The lack of consensus concerning the regulation of digital currencies and how such currencies shall be handled tax wise causes insecurity regarding their legal status. As all digital currencies remain largely unregulated assets, there is a risk that politics and future regulations may negatively impact the market of digital currencies and companies operating in such market. It is impossible to estimate how politics and future regulations may affect the market. However, future regulations and changes in the legal status of the digital currencies is a political risk which may affect the price development of the tracked digital currencies.

 

The perception (and the extent to which it is held) that there is significant usage of the digital assets in connection with criminal or other illicit purposes, could materially influence the development and regulation of digital assets (potentially by curtailing the same).

 

As technological change occurs, the security threats to the Company’s cryptocurrencies, DeFi protocol tokens and other digital assets will likely adapt and previously unknown threats may emerge. The Company’s ability to adopt technology in response to changing security needs or trends may pose a challenge to the safekeeping of the Company’s cryptocurrencies, DeFi protocol tokens and other digital assets. To the extent that the Company is unable to identify and mitigate or stop new security threats, the Company’s cryptocurrencies, DeFi protocol tokens and other digital assets may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack.

 

24.Capital management

 

The Company considers its capital to consist of share capital, share based payments reserves and deficit. The Company’s objectives when managing capital are:

 

a)to allow the Company to respond to changes in economic and/or marketplace conditions by maintaining the Company’s ability to purchase new investments;

 

b)to give shareholders sustained growth in value by increasing shareholders’ equity;

 

c)to take a conservative approach towards financial leverage and management of financial risks.

 

The Company’s management reviews its capital structure on an on-going basis and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of its underlying investments. The Company’s current capital is composed of its shareholders’ equity and, to-date, has adjusted or maintained its level of capital by:

 

a)raising capital through equity financings; and

 

46

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

24.Capital management (continued)

 

b)realizing proceeds from the disposition of its investments

 

The Company is not subject to any capital requirements imposed by a lending institution or regulatory body, other than the (a) CBOE Canada (formerly NEO Exchange) which requires one of the following to be met: (i) shareholders equity of at least CAD$2.5 million, (ii) net income from continuing operations of at least CAD$375,000, (iii) market value of listed securities of at least CAD$25 million, or (iv) assets and revenues of at least CAD$25 million, and (b) Nasdaq Capital

 

Market which requires one of the following to be met: (i) shareholder equity of at least $2.5 million, (ii) market value of listed securities of at least $35 million or (iii) net income from continuing operations of $500,000 in the most recently completed fiscal year or in two of the three most recently completed fiscal years. There were no changes to the Company’s capital management during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

 

25.Related party disclosures

 

a)The condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries and its respective ownership listed below:

 

   % equity interest 
DeFi Capital Inc.   100 
DeFi Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd.   100 
Electrum Streaming Inc.   100 
Reflexivity LLC   100 
Valour Inc.   100 
DeFi Europe AG   100 
Stillman Digital Inc.   100 
Stillman Bermuda Ltd.   100 
Neuronomics AG   52.5 
CoreFi Strategy Corp.   100 
Valour Digital Securities Limited   0 

 

b)Compensation of key management personnel of the Company

 

In accordance with IAS 24, key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company directly or indirectly, including any directors (executive and non-executive) of the Company. The remuneration of directors and key executives is determined by the remuneration committee having regard to the performance of individuals and market trends. The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2025   2025   2024 
Short-term benefits  $1,355,048   $242,900   $2,473,981   $728,698 
Shared-based payments   471,665    665,786    1,385,945    2,068,497 
   $1,826,713   $908,686   $3,859,926   $2,797,195 

 

As at September 30, 2025, the Company had $589,903 (December 31, 2024 - $nil) owing to its current key management, and $45,000 (December 31, 2024 - $287,834) owing to its former key management and a member of key management owes the Company $100,000 (December 31, 2024 - $100,000). Such amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing, with no fixed terms of payment or “due on demand”.

 

47

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

25.Related party disclosures (continued)

 

c)During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred $43,393 in legal fees to a firm in which a director of the Company is a partner. At December 31, 2024, the Company had recorded $nil in accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to these legal expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business with this law firm.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, Valour purchased 1,320,130 USDT for EUR1,213,237 from a former director of Valour.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid management $20,000,000 and 3,998,508 DeFi shares valued at $6,273,870 related to DeFi Alpha trading profits.

 

The Company has a diversified base of investors. To the Company’s knowledge, no one holds more than 10% of the Company’s shares on a basic share and partially diluted share basis as at September 30, 2025.

 

The Company announced a full-stack sovereign finance framework to modernize the $100 trillion sovereign debt market with SovFi, an entity held by the CEO, an Advisor, and the President of the Company. No financial transactions have occurred between the Company and SovFi to September 30, 2025.

 

d)The Company’s directors and officers may have investments in and hold management and/or director and officer positions in some of the investments that the Company holds. The following is a list of total investments and the nature of the relationship of the Company’s directors or officers with the investment as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

  

Investment  Nature of relationship to invesment   Estimated
Fair Value
 
ZKP Corporation*  Director (Olivier Roussy Newton) of investee  $1,000,000 
Total investment - September 30, 2025     $1,000,000 

 

*Private company

 

Investment  Nature of relationship to invesment  Estimated
Fair Value
 
Brazil Potash Corporation  Officer (Ryan Ptolemy) of investee  $778,085 
ZKP Corporation*  Director (Olivier Roussy Newton) of investee   1,000,000 
Total investment - December 31, 2024     $1,778,085 

 

*Private company

 

26.Commitments and contingencies

 

Management Contracts Commitments

 

The Company is party to certain management contracts. These contracts require that additional payments of up to approximately $2,562,205 be made upon the occurrence of certain events such as a change of control. As a triggering event has not taken place, the contingent payments have not been reflected in these condensed consolidated interim financial statements. Minimum commitments remaining under these contracts were approximately $4,286,309, all due within one year.

 

Legal Commitments

 

The Company is, from time to time, involved in various claims and legal proceedings. The Company cannot reasonably predict the likelihood or outcome of these activities. The Company does not believe that adverse decisions in any ending or threatened proceedings related to any matter, or any amount which may be required to be paid by reasons thereof, will have a material effect on the financial condition or future results of operations.

 

48

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

27.Operating segments

 

The Company operates in various business lines based on where the subsidiaries operate. Valour operates the Company’s ETPs business line which involves issuing ETPs, hedging against the underlying digital asset, lending and staking of digital assets and management fees earned on the ETPs. DeFi Bermuda operates the Company’s Venture portfolio and node business lines. The Reflexivity operates the Company’s research firm and Stillman and Stillman Bermuda operate the trading platform.

 

Information about the Company’s assets by segment is detailed below.

 

September 30, 2025  DeFi   Reflexivity   Stillman Digital   Neuronomics   Valour Inc   Total 
Cash   94,046,289    12,126    1,812,721    21,726    23,648,221    119,541,083 
Client cash deposits   -    -    5,387,686    -    -    5,387,686 
Public investments, at fair value through profit and loss   -    -    -    -    -    - 
Prepaid expenses   1,073,753    72,024    3,030,202    49,873    1,146,596    5,372,448 
Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked   -    92,230    12,600,087    -    776,562,524    789,254,841 
Equity instruments   -    -    -    -    193,964,955    193,964,955 
Right-of-use assets   -    -    -    -    3,155,401    3,155,401 
Other non-current assets   42,777,192    -    -    15,705    42,291,150    85,084,047 
Total assets   137,897,234    176,380    22,830,696    87,304    1,040,768,847    1,201,760,461 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   4,902,730    68,825    3,571,409    146,739    910,296    9,599,999 
Loans payable   -    -    -    -    12,813,123    12,813,123 
Trading liabilities   -    -    16,007,678    -    -    16,007,678 
Warrant liability   53,264,837    -    -    -    -    53,264,837 
Lease liability   -    -    -    -    3,232,010    3,232,010 
ETP holders payable   -    -    -    -    989,124,847    989,124,847 
Total liabilities   58,167,567    68,825    19,579,087    146,739    1,006,080,276    1,084,042,494 

 

December 31, 2024  DeFi   Reflexivity   Stillman Digital   Valour Inc   Total 
Cash   1,771,331    151,150    1,155,607    12,853,437    15,931,525 
Client cash deposits   -    -    10,665,147    -    10,665,147 
Prepaid expenses   547,856    72,017    701,222    476,629    1,797,724 
Public investments, at fair value through profit and loss   778,085    -    -    -    778,085 
Digital assets, digital assets loaned, and digital assets staked   530,601    158,649    5,718,748    549,430,902    555,838,900 
Equity instruments   -    -    -    257,425,063    257,425,063 
Property, plant and equipment   -    -    -    103    103 
Other non-current assets   36,054,408    -    -    40,100,722    76,155,130 
Total assets   39,682,281    381,816    18,240,724    860,286,856    918,591,677 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities   2,336,456    194,014    577,997    373,997    3,482,464 
Loans payable   -    -    -    9,693,294    9,693,294 
Trading liabilities   -    -    15,109,375    -    15,109,375 
ETP holders payable   -    -    -    871,162,347    871,162,347 
Total liabilities   2,336,456    194,014    15,687,372    881,229,638    899,447,480 

 

49

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

27.Operating segments (continued)

 

Information about the Company’s revenues and expenses by segment is detailed below:

 

Nine months ended September 30, 2025  DeFi   Reflexivity   Stillman Digital   Neuronomics   Valour Inc.   Total 
Staking and lending income   -    45    -    -    24,080,704    24,080,749 
Trading commissions   -    -    6,230,864    -    -    6,230,864 
Management fees   -    -    -    123,706    7,423,701    7,547,407 
Research revenue   -    468,000    -    -    -    468,000 
Advisory revenue   192,407    -    -    -    -    192,407 
Revenues excluding realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   192,407    468,045    6,230,864    123,706    31,504,405    38,519,427 
Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on digital assets   (688,740)   5,897    302,647    -    29,711,174    29,330,978 
Realized and net change in unrealized gain on equity investments   -    -    -    -    18,207,491    18,207,491 
Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on ETP payables   -    -    -    -    (6,002,344)   (6,002,344)
Revenues from realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   (688,740)   5,897    302,647    -    41,916,321    41,536,125 
Total revenues   (496,333)   473,942    6,533,511    123,706    73,420,726    80,055,552 
                               
Expenses                              
Operating, general and administration   11,806,388    530,314    3,854,606    210,211    6,667,122    23,068,641 
Share based payments   10,758,244    -    -    -         10,758,244 
Depreciation - property, plant and equipment   -    -    1,563    -    103    1,666 
Amortization - right-of-use asset   -    -    -    -    51,180    51,180 
Amortization - intangibles   1,118,886    -    5,291    39,811    -    1,163,988 
Fees and commissions   19,303    -    702,496    -    5,214,833    5,936,632 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss   (15,030)   -    (28)   5,911    (358,112)   (367,259)
                              
Total operating expenses   23,687,791    530,314    4,563,928    255,933    11,575,126    40,613,092 
Operating income (loss)   (24,184,124)   (56,372)   1,969,583    (132,227)   61,845,600    39,442,460 
                               
Realized (loss) on investments, net   (481,828)   -    -    -    181,024    (300,804)
Unrealized (loss) on investments, net   2,723    -    -    -    -    2,723 
Interest income   29,371    -    1,360    33,278    410    64,419 
Finance costs   (504)   -    (1,353)   (582)   (373,113)   (375,552)
Financing expense   (4,675,199)   -    -    -    -    (4,675,199)
Total other (expenses) income   (5,125,437)   -    7    32,696    (191,679)   (5,284,413)
Net income (loss) for the period before taxes   (29,309,561)   (56,372)   1,969,590    (99,531)   61,653,921    34,158,047 
Current taxes   347,990    13,543    1,147,876    779    311    1,510,499 
Net income (loss) after tax   (29,657,551)   (69,915)   821,714    (100,310)   61,653,610    32,647,548 
Other comprehensive income (loss)                              
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain   -    -    -    -    1,142,502    1,142,502 
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income for the period   (29,657,551)   (69,915)   821,714    (100,310)   62,796,112    33,790,050 

 

50

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

27.Operating segments (continued)

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024  DeFi   Reflexivity   Valour Inc.   Total 
Staking and lending income   -    -    16,807,671    16,807,671 
Management fees   -    -    4,370,976    4,370,976 
Research revenue   -    813,785    -    813,785 
                     
Revenues excluding realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   -    813,785    21,178,647    21,992,432 
                     
Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on digital assets   53,218    10,341    132,413,749    132,477,308 
Unrealized gain on equity investments   -    -    10,833,817    10,833,817 
Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on ETP payables   -    -    (114,002,560)   (114,002,560)
Revenues from realized an dnet change in unrealized gains (losses)   53,218    10,341    29,245,006    29,308,565 
Total revenues   53,218    824,126    50,423,653    51,300,997 
                     
Expenses                    
Operating, general and administration   4,220,078    709,114    24,290,649    29,219,841 
Share based payments   12,506,785    -    -    12,506,785 
Depreciation - property, plant and equipment   4,132    -    1,366    5,498 
Amortization - intangibles   1,153,272    -    -    1,153,272 
Fees and commissions   15,922    -    2,608,146    2,624,068 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss   20,037    -    4,088,910    3,723,351 
Impairment loss   3,647,441    -    -    3,647,441 
Total operating expenses   21,567,667    709,114    30,989,071    52,880,256 
Operating income (loss)   (21,514,449)   115,012    19,434,582    (1,579,259)
                     
Realized (loss) on investments, net   -    -    466,235    466,235 
Unrealized (loss) on investments, net   197,195    -    (457,026)   (259,831)
Interest income   3,137    -    -    3,137 
Finance costs   -    -    (2,536,463)   (2,536,463)
Total other income (expenses)   200,332    -    (2,527,254)   (2,326,922)
Net income (loss) for the period   (21,314,117)   115,012    16,907,328    (3,906,181)
                     
Other comprehensive income (loss)                    
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain   -    (871)   (1,390,503)   (1,391,374)
Net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income for the period   (21,314,117)   114,141    15,516,825    (5,297,555)

 

DeFi Alpha is a division within Valour Inc. looking for arbitrage trading opportunities.  It does not have its own statement of financial position but leverages Valour Inc’s equity for its trades.  The CODM only reviews DeFi Alpha’s trading operating results as part of its consolidated review of Valour and hence it has not been presented separately in the table above. The comparative period has been restated to align with the current period presentation.

 

28.Earnings (loss) per share

 

The following table presents the calculation of basic and fully diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

 

   Three months ended
September 30,
   Nine months ended
September 30,
 
   2025   2024   2025   2024 
Numerator:                
Net income (loss) after taxes  $3,935,906   $15,445,688   $32,647,548   $(3,906,181)
Denominator:                    
Weighted average number of common shares - basic   343,998,923    298,101,066    331,245,844    291,401,579 
Weighted average effect of dilutive warrants*   18,876,104    36,195,371    18,974,583    - 
Weighted average effect of dilutive options*   10,231,860    14,495,186    10,608,774    - 
Weighted average effect of dilutive DSUs*   485,550    6,511,751    2,149,849    - 
Weighted average number of common shares - diluted   373,592,437    355,303,374    362,979,050    291,401,579 
                     
Basic earnings (loss) per share  $0.01   $0.05   $0.10   $(0.01)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share  $0.01   $0.04   $0.09   $(0.01)

 

*Maximum dilution if all warrants, options and DSUs were exercised would be 53,511,586

 

51

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

29.Restatement of financial results as at and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024

 

The Company has restated its September 30, 2024 condensed consolidated interim statement of operations and comprehensive loss and condensed consolidated interim statement of cash flow to correct material errors and omissions in its prior filing. The following tables present the impact of the restatement adjustments on the Company’s previously issued condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

 

a.To reclassify $100,389,916 of unrealized gains from digital assets to unrealized gains from equity investments

 

b.To record DLOM of $89,556,099 for equity investments

 

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)
(Expressed in US dollars)

 

   Three months ended September 30,   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2024
$
       2024
$
   2024
$
       2024
$
 
   As
previously
reported
   Restatement   As Restated   As
previously
reported
   Restatement   As Restated 
Revenues                        
Staking and lending income   6,450,765    -    6,450,765    16,807,671    -    16,807,671 
Management fees   1,513,633    -    1,513,633    4,370,976    -    4,370,976 
Research revenue   195,175    -    195,175    813,785    -    813,785 
Revenues excluding realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   8,159,573    -    8,159,573    21,992,432    -    21,992,432 
Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on digital assets   63,229,235    (38,411,927)   24,817,308    232,867,224    (100,389,916)   132,477,308 
Unrealized loss on equity investments   -    21,472,220    21,472,220    -    10,833,817    10,833,817 
Realized and net change in unrealized gains and (losses) on ETP payables   (26,296,262)   -    (26,296,262)   (114,002,560)   -    (114,002,560)
Revenues from realized and net change in unrealized gains (losses)   36,932,973    (16,939,707)   19,993,266    118,864,664    (89,556,099)   29,308,565 
Total revenues   45,092,546    (16,939,707)   28,152,839    140,857,096    (89,556,099)   51,300,997 
                               
Expenses                              

Operating, general and administration

   4,576,970    -    4,576,970    29,219,841    -    29,219,841 
Share based payments   8,788,650    -    8,788,650    12,506,785    -    12,506,785 
Depreciation - property, plant and equipment   1,270    -    1,270    5,498    -    5,498 
Amortization - intangibles   394,131    -    394,131    1,153,272    -    1,153,272 
Fees and commissoins   1,460,966    -    1,460,966    2,624,068    -    2,624,068 
Impairment loss   24,985    -    24,985    3,647,441    -    3,647,441 
Foreign exchange gains   (1,532,898)   -    (1,532,898)   3,723,351    -    3,723,351 
Total operating expenses   13,714,074    -    13,714,074    52,880,256    -    52,880,256 
Operating income (loss)   31,378,472    (16,939,707)   14,438,765    87,976,840    (89,556,099)   (1,579,259)
Realized gain on investments, net   (617)   -    (617)   466,235    -    466,235 
Unrealized loss on investments, net   1,579,117    -    1,579,117    (259,831)   -    (259,831)
Interest income   2,024    -    2,024    3,137    -    3,137 
Finance costs   (573,601)   -    (573,601)   (2,536,463)   -    (2,536,463)
Total other income (expenses)   1,006,923    -    1,006,923    (2,326,922)   -    (2,326,922)
Net income (loss) for the period after taxes   32,385,395    (16,939,707)   15,445,688    85,649,918    (89,556,099)   (3,906,181)
Other comprehensive loss                              
Foreign currency translation loss   (427,623)   -    (427,623)   (1,391,374)   -    (1,391,374)
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the period   31,957,772    (16,939,707)   15,018,065    84,258,544    (89,556,099)   (5,297,555)
(Loss) per share                              
Basic   0.11         0.05    0.29         (0.01)
Diluted   0.09         0.04    0.29         (0.01)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:                              
Basic   298,101,066         298,101,066    291,401,579         291,401,579 
Diluted   355,303,374         355,303,374    291,401,579         291,401,579 

 

52

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

29.Restatement of financial results as at and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 (continued)

 

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows
(Expressed in US dollars)

 

   Nine months ended September 30, 
   2024
$
       2024
$
 
   As previously reported   Restatement   As
Restated
 
Cash (used in) provided by operations:            
Net (loss) for the period  $85,649,918   $(89,556,099)  $(3,906,181)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to cash (used in) operating activities:               
Share-based payments   12,506,785    -    12,506,785 
Impairment loss   3,647,441    -    3,647,441 
Depreciation - Property, plant & equipment   5,498    -    5,498 
Amortization - Intangible asset   1,153,272    -    1,153,272 
Realized loss on investments, net   (466,235)   -    (466,235)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investments, net   259,831    -    259,831 
Realized and net change in unrealized (gains) and loss on digital assets   (232,867,224)   100,389,916    (132,477,308)
Realized and net change in unrealized (gains) and loss on ETP   129,126,606    -    129,126,606 
Unrealized loss on equity investments   -    (10,833,817)   (10,833,817)
Staking and lending income   (16,807,671)   -    (16,807,671)
Management fees   (4,374,571)   -    (4,374,571)
Digital asset transaction costs   (1,998,385)   -    (1,998,385)
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange   (1,198,588)   -    (1,198,588)
    (25,363,323)   -    (25,363,323)
                
Adjustment for:               
Purchase of digital assets   (430,520,570)   175,245,383    (255,275,187)
Disposal of digital assets   443,533,773    -    443,533,773 
Purchase of equity investments   -    (175,245,383)   (175,245,383)
Purchase of investments   (999,991)   -    (999,991)
Disposal of investments   552,943    -    552,943 
Change in prepaid expenses and deposits   (2,542,555)   -    (2,542,555)
Change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities   (2,902,324)   -    (2,902,324)
Change in trading liabilities   375,109    -    375,109 
Net cash (used in) operating activities   (17,866,938)   -    (17,866,938)
Investing activities               
Net cash paid for acquisition of subsidiaries   237,015    -    237,015 
Net cash provided by investing activities   237,015    -    237,015 
Financing activities               
Proceeds from ETP holders   361,136,794    -    361,136,794 
Payments to ETP holders   (301,607,160)   -    (301,607,160)
Loan repaid   (32,096,260)   -    (32,096,260)
Proceeds from investments   (1,233)   -    (1,233)
Proceds from option exercises   770,440    -    770,440 
Proceeds from exercise of warrants   1,102,032    -    1,102,032 
NCIB   (1,482,607)   -    (1,482,607)
Net cash provided by financing activities   27,822,006    -    27,822,006 
                
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents   57,757    -    57,757 
Change in cash and cash equivalents   10,249,840    -    10,249,840 
Cash, beginning of year   5,086,256    -    5,086,256 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period  $15,336,096   $-   $15,336,096 

 

53

 

 

DeFi Technologies Inc.

Notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted)

 

 

30.Reclassification of Comparative Amounts

 

Certain amounts have been reclassified in the Condensed Consolidated Interim Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income /(Loss) in previous periods to conform to the current period presentation. Only reclassifications have been made with no changes in accounting policies or revision of previously reported amounts. There is no change to the previously reported net income (loss).

 

 

54