EX-99.5 15 ea028354901ex99-5.htm AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF NS WORLD FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

Exhibit 99.5

 

NS WORLD FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Audited Financial Statements of NS World Co., Ltd. as of and for each of the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024   Page
Report of Independent Auditors for the Year Ended December 31, 2025   F-2
Report of Independent Auditors for the Year Ended December 31, 2024   F-4
Balance Sheets   F-6
Statements of Operations   F-7
Statements of Comprehensive Loss   F-8
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit   F-9
Statements of Cash Flows   F-10
Notes to the Financial Statements   F-11

 

F-1

 

 

Report of Independent Auditors

 

To the Board of Directors of Evolution Metals & Technologies Corp. and
the Shareholders of NS World Co., Ltd

 

Opinion

 

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of NS World Co., Ltd (the Company), which comprise the balance sheet as of December 31, 2025, and the related statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1(3) to the financial statements, the Company has incurred a net loss, has negative working capital, and has stated that these events or conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that casts significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1(3). The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

As discussed in Note 18 to the financial statements, the Company engages in significant transactions with related parties, including those involving revenues, inventory purchases, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. For the year ended December 31, 2025, revenue generated from related parties totaled $456,882, representing approximately 7.2% of the Company’s total revenue. As of December 31, 2025, balances with related parties included trade accounts receivable of $927,335 and non-trade accounts receivable of $750,550, representing approximately 16.6% and 13.5% of total assets, respectively. In addition, related party trade accounts payable and non-trade accounts payable were $1,428,229 and $872,987, respectively, representing approximately 19.6% and 12.0% of total liabilities as of December 31, 2025. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

 

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements

 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are available to be issued.

 

F-2

 

 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

 

In performing an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, we:

 

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.

 

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

 

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.

 

Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

 

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control related matters that we identified during the audit.

 

/s/ UHY LLP

 

New York, New York

March 31, 2026

 

F-3

 

 

Report of Independent Auditors

 

The Shareholders and Board of Directors
NS World Co., Ltd.

 

Opinion

 

We have audited the financial statements of NS World Co., Ltd. (the “Company”), which comprise the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and the related statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for opinion

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1(3) to the financial statements, the Company has incurred a net loss, has a negative working capital, and has stated that these events or conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that casts significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1(3). The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

 

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements

 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the financial statements are available to be issued.

 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

 

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

 

  Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

 

  Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.

 

  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

 

  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.

 

  Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

 

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the audit.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young Han Young

 

Seoul, the Republic of Korea
April 21, 2025

 

F-4

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.

Balance Sheets

(in US dollars)

 

   Notes  December 31,
2025
   December 31,
2024
 
Assets:             
Cash and cash equivalents     $793,843    359,394 
Current held-to-maturity investments          28,571 
Trade accounts receivable, net  2,3   575,079    716,998 
Trade accounts receivable (related parties)  2,3,18   927,335    674,774 
Non-trade accounts receivable  4   184,252    1,058,424 
Non-trade accounts receivable (related parties)  4,18   750,550    1,577,693 
Inventories, net  5   905,883    981,603 
Prepaids and other current assets      108,861    34,364 
Total current assets      4,245,803    5,431,821 
              
Property, plant and equipment, net  1,7,8   1,280,826    1,347,492 
Operating lease right-of-use assets  8       4,616 
Other non-current assets      50,916    60,320 
Total non-current assets      1,331,742    1,412,428 
Total assets     $5,577,545    6,844,249 
              
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit             
Liabilities:             
Trade accounts payable     $411,751    155,660 
Trade accounts payable (related parties)  18   1,428,229    640,450 
Non-trade accounts payable      117,425    994,381 
Non-trade accounts payable (related parties)  18   872,987    2,149,361 
Accrued expenses      77,052    77,223 
Short-term debt  9   

367,981

    223,298 
Short-term debt (related parties)  9,18   2,130,412    2,079,543 
Current portion of long-term debt  9   121,848    198,455 
Current portion of long-term debt (related parties)  9,18   

15,653

    9,361 
Redeemable convertible preferred stock (related parties)  6,12,18       1,007,641 
Current portion of finance lease liabilities  8   29,191    30,598 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities  8       4,616 
Current portion of defined severance benefits  15   641,226    498,968 
Share repurchase liabilities  6,19   109,566     
Other current liabilities      313,733    134,796 
Total current liabilities      6,637,054    8,204,351 
              
Long-term debt  9   40,568    158,537 
Long-term debt (related parties)  9,18   205,352    215,728 
Other non-current liabilities      25,493     
Finance lease liabilities (non-current)  8   36,706    56,506 
Defined severance benefits  15   342,712    290,357 
Total non-current liabilities      650,831    721,128 
Total liabilities      7,287,885    8,925,479 
              
Stockholders’ deficit:             
Common stock, par value of KRW5,000, authorized 1,006,220 shares; issued and outstanding 289,055 shares as of December 31, 2025, and 251,555 shares as of December 31, 2024  14   1,266,165    1,130,991 
Additional paid-in capital      815,015     
Accumulated deficit      (3,240,547)   (2,695,335)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss      (550,973)   (516,886)
Total deficit      (1,710,340)   (2,081,230)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit     $5,577,545    6,844,249 

 

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

 

F-6

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.

Statements of Operations

(in US dollars)

 

   Notes  For the
year ended
December 31,
2025
   For the
year ended
December 31,
2024
 
Net revenues  1,2  $5,916,888    5,588,220 
Net revenues (related parties)  18   456,882    463,048 
Total revenues      6,373,770    6,051,268 
              
Cost of sales      (5,144,325)   (5,218,333)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses  1   (1,620,895)   (1,223,833)
Other operating income (related parties)  13,18   37,662    13,197 
Other operating income  13   23,436    134,172 
Operating loss      (330,352)   (243,529)
              
Other income (non-operating)      37,332    13,309 
Other expense      (67,391)   (108,020)
Interest income      8,421    7,362 
Interest expense      (57,444)   (56,630)
Interest expense (related parties)  18   (121,222)   (87,670)
Gain on foreign currency  1   159,375    257,587 
Loss on foreign currency  1   (178,156)   (229,385)
Gain on valuation of redeemable convertible preferred stock  6   114,768    74,950 
Loss on share repurchase liabilities  19   (110,543)    
Loss before tax      (545,212)   (372,026)
Income tax expense  10        
Loss for the year     $(545,212)   (372,026)

 

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

 

F-7

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.

Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in US dollars)

 

   Notes   For the
year ended
December 31,
2025
   For the
year ended
December 31,
2024
 
Loss for the year       $(545,212)   (372,026)
                
Other comprehensive income (loss):               
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax        (78,137)   263,950 
Actuarial loss on defined benefits, net of tax   15    (14,440)   (104,484)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)        (92,577)   159,466 
Total comprehensive loss       $(637,789)   (212,560)

 

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

 

F-8

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.

Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit

(in US dollars)

 

   Common
stock
   Additional
paid-in
capital
   Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
   Accumulated
deficit
   Total
stockholders’
deficit
 
Balances at January 1, 2024  $1,130,991        (676,352)   (2,323,309)   (1,868,670)
Loss for the period               (372,026)   (372,026)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax           263,950        263,950 
Actuarial loss on defined severance benefits, net of tax           (104,484)       (104,484)
Balances at December 31, 2024  $1,130,991        (516,886)   (2,695,335)   (2,081,230)
                          
Balances at January 1, 2025  $1,130,991        (516,886)   (2,695,335)   (2,081,230)
Loss for the period               (545,212)   (545,212)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax           (78,137)       (78,137)
Actuarial gain on defined severance benefits, net of tax           (14,440)       (14,440)
Amortization of accumulated other comprehensive income           58,490        58,490 
Changes in redeemable convertible preferred shares   135,174    815,015            950,189 
Balances at December 31, 2025  $1,266,165    815,015    (550,973)   (3,240,547)   (1,710,340)

 

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

 

F-9

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Statements of Cash Flows

(In US dollars)

 

   For the
year ended
December 31,
2025
   For the
year ended
December 31,
2024
 
Cash flows from operating activities        
Loss for the year  $(545,212)   (372,026)
           
Adjustments to reconcile loss for the year to net cash provided by operating activities:          
Inventory write-down (up) adjustment   (7,255)   10,449 
Depreciation and amortization   178,793    183,557 
Interest expenses   178,666    144,300 
Pension benefits provision   180,316    157,547 
Gain on valuation of redeemable convertible preferred stock   (114,768)   (74,950)
Interest income   (8,421)   (7,362)
Gain on foreign currency remeasurement   (141,787)   (231,916)
Loss on foreign currency remeasurement   92,901    193,080 
Loss on share repurchase liabilities   110,543     
Others(*1)   59,938    (18,514)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:          
Trade accounts receivable, net   (192,384)   376,352 
Non-trade accounts receivable, net   1,818,971    (1,149,251)
Inventories   107,876    503,346 
Other assets   (52,407)   (16,431)
Trade accounts payable   1,174,631    (348,716)
Non-trade accounts payables   (2,277,412)   1,200,482 
Other payables   47,313    48,580 
Other liabilities   111,055    (89,395)
Cash paid during the period for interest   (141,276)   (108,450)
Net cash provided by operating activities   580,081    400,682 
           
Cash flows from investing activities          
Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment   (89,746)   (219,030)
Proceeds from sale of short-term financial instruments   29,531    26,140 
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment   28,361    38,181 
Receipt of government grants   23,476    60,999 
Increase in loans   (74,531)   (86,949)
Decrease in loans   43,594    58,967 
Other investing activities(*2)   (211)   (16,264)
Net cash used in investing activities   (39,526)   (137,956)
           
Cash flows from financing activities          
Proceeds from short-term debt   1,450,578    231,245 
Repayment of short-term debt   (1,306,710)   (219,853)
Repayment from current portion of long-term debt   (214,798)   (222,423)
Repayment of finance lease liabilities   (40,172)   (40,904)
Net cash used in financing activities  $(111,102)   (251,935)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents   4,996    (54,128)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents   429,453    10,791 
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of year   359,394    402,731 
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of year  $793,843    359,394 

 

 

(*1)USD 108,450 of amounts in prior periods has been reclassified as cash paid during the period for interest in order to conform to current year presentation.

 

(*2)USD 58,967 of amounts in prior periods has been reclassified as decrease in loans in order to conform to current year presentation.

 

See accompanying notes to the financial statements.

 

F-10

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

(1)Description of Business

 

NS World Co., Ltd. (the Company) was incorporated in 2013 and the Company’s registered office is at 99, Naechuoksu-gil, Bugi-myeon, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. The Company specialize in the manufacture and sale of magnetic components for automobiles and electronic appliances.

 

(2)Basis of Presentation

 

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern exists.

 

(3)Going Concern

 

The going concern assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. However, substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern exists.

 

Primarily due to a recent operating loss associated with the business, the Company incurred losses of $545,212 and $372,026 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company had negative working capital of $3,185,094 and $3,131,924 which excludes the cash and cash equivalents of $793,843 and $359,394, and accumulated deficits of $3,240,547 and $2,695,335 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Absent any other action, the Company will require additional liquidity to continue its operations over the next 12 months.

 

The Company is evaluating strategies to obtain the required additional funding for future operations. These strategies may include, but are not limited to, obtaining equity financing, issuing debt or entering into other financing arrangements, and restructuring of operations to grow revenues and decrease expenses. However, upon the economic environment and the Company’s current capability, the Company may be unable to access future equity or debt financing when needed. As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional liquidity when needed or under acceptable terms, if at all.

 

The financial statements do not include any adjustments to the carrying amounts and classification of assets, liabilities, and reported expenses that may be necessary if the Company were unable to continue as a going concern.

 

Subsequent to December 31, 2025, the Company completed a comprehensive share exchange in January 2026 and became a wholly owned subsidiary within a broader corporate group. Management has considered the impact of this transaction in its going concern assessment and expects that financial and operational support may be available, if necessary, to support the Company’s planned operations. However, the extent and timing of such support are subject to uncertainties, and therefore the conditions described above continue to raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

(4)Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of fixed assets; allowance for credit losses. The valuation of fixed assets, inventory, notes receivable, lease liabilities and right-of-use asset; and fair value measurements of financial instruments, reserves for employee benefit obligations, income tax uncertainties, and other contingencies.

 

(5)Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

 

F-11

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

The Company presents restricted cash separately from cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheets and there is no restricted cash for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024.

 

As of December 31,2025, the Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with Hana Bank, Woori Bank, Kookmin Bank and Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK),and the institutions are considered to be financially sound and stable within the Korean financial system.

 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents totaled $793,843 as of December 31, 2025, compared with $359,394 as of December 31, 2024. A portion of these balances exceeded the deposit insurance coverage limit which is KRW 100,000,000(equivalent to $69,691 and $68,027 for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024) per institution provided by the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC). The Company has not experienced any losses on these deposits to date, and management believes that the credit risk associated with these financial institutions remains low.

 

(6)Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The allowance for credit losses (ACL) is a valuation account deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected.

 

The estimate of expected credit losses is based on the Company’s historical loss experience, adjusted for current and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions and other pertinent factors affecting the Company’s customers such as known credit risk or industry trends.

 

The allowance is estimated over the contractual term of the financial asset adjusted for expected prepayments. The contractual term excludes any extensions, renewals and modifications, unless the borrower has a contractual option that provides it with the unilateral ability to extend the maturity date. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected credit losses each period are recognized immediately in net income as either credit loss expense or a reversal.

 

Trade accounts receivable

 

The Company uses an aging schedule to estimate the ACL for trade accounts receivable. This method categorizes trade receivables into different groups based on industry and the number of days past due. Past due status is measured based on the number of days since the payment due date. The trade receivables are evaluated individually for expected credit losses if they no longer share similar risk characteristics. The Company determines that the receivables no longer share similar risk characteristic if they are past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount. The Company evaluates the collectability of trade accounts receivable with payments that are more than 90 days past due on an individual basis to determine if any are deemed uncollectible. Trade accounts receivable balances are deemed uncollectible and written off as a deduction from the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted. The company deemed the receivables from bankrupt customers, which have not been collected for an extended period this year, as uncollectible and wrote them off. (See Note 3).

 

(7)Trade Accounts Receivable, net

 

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an ACL and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on trade accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the statements of cash flows.

 

(8)Inventories, net

 

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is determined by the weighted average method (for raw materials, sub-materials, finished goods and merchandise) and the specific identification method (for inventory in transit and work in process goods). The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically writes down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions.

 

F-12

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

Cost of sales primarily consists of the purchase cost of products sold to customers, production labor costs, and direct and indirect costs related to production.

 

(9)Revenue Recognition

 

The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies performance obligations under the terms of its contracts, and control of its products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products. This process involves identifying the customer contract, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it (a) provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and (b) is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or product to a customer, meaning the customer has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefit of the product.

 

If the Company is principal in the revenue transactions, the Company recognizes revenue as gross, otherwise the Company recognizes on a net basis. Certain services that arrange for another party to transfer goods to a customer, where the Company does not maintain pricing discretion or retain control over the assets, are considered to act as an agent. Throughout the transaction, the Company does not retain the substantive risks and rewards associated with the underlying raw materials, and the counterparty retains control of the materials in a manner consistent with a typical sales transaction. The Company concludes to serve as an agent and recognizes the net amount as brokerage income in other operating income.

 

The Company engages in resale transactions where it purchases raw materials from specific parties, processes them, and resells   them to the same counterparties. The Company provides a tolling manufacturing service for the counterparties in these arrangements, in which the counterparty retains control of the inventory throughout the process. The Company’s performance obligation under these arrangements is the delivery of tolling services. Accordingly, the net transaction amount is recognized as revenue upon completion of these services. The toll process revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $7,985. The Company also engages in repurchase transactions where it sells raw materials to specific parties and repurchases them after they have been processed. The Company has an obligation to repurchase the inventory in these transactions. The Company maintains control of the inventory throughout the process as the Company retains legal title to the inventory and bears inventory risk throughout the process. The processing period is typically 15 to 60 days, and the pricing is determined based on the counterparties’ processing costs. The Company accounts for these transactions as receiving toll manufacturing services rather than as distinct sales/purchases or product financing. As a result, the net transaction amount is recognized as processing fees (cost of goods manufactured). As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company recognized non-trade accounts receivables of $802,237 and $2,555,265, respectively, and non-trade accounts payables of $914,930 and $3,114,212, respectively, related to repurchase transactions.

 

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight, after control over product has transferred to a customer, are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred.

 

Taxes assessed by a government authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from sales.

 

The Company’s primary source of revenue is product and merchandise sales of components for automotive and home appliance magnets. Revenue from product and merchandise sales is recognized when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which is typically at the point of delivery, at which time the significant risks and rewards of ownership also pass to the customer. Contracts with customers generally state the terms of the sale, including the quantity and price of each product purchased. Payment terms and conditions may vary by contract. Such contracts do not include a significant financing component. In addition, contracts typically do not contain variable consideration as the contracts include stated prices, as such, no such provision — e.g. rebates or discounts — is provided. The Company provides assurance type warranties on all of its products, which are not separate performance obligations and are outside the scope of Topic 606. There was no loss contingencies related to warranties recorded as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

F-13

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

(10)Property, Plant, and Equipment

 

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Plant and equipment under finance leases are stated at the present value of the lease payments.

 

Depreciation on plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful life of buildings is 20 years, while the estimated useful lives of machinery and equipment is 6 years and others are 5 years.

 

Once an asset is identified for retirement or disposition, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed, and a gain or loss is recorded.

 

(11)Government Grants

 

The Company receives grants from local government agencies and public institutions in relation to asset acquisition and research activity that are necessary for the Company’s business activities. Government grants are either deducted from the carrying amount of the related assets or recognized as income when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the relevant conditions and that the grant will be received. Government grants related to assets are presented in the Balance Sheets by deducting the grant from the carrying amount of the asset. If it is not related to the acquisition of an asset, it can be treated as a grant related to income. Government grants related to income are presented to other income (presented in operating income) in the statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company recognized asset-related grants of $86,302 and $60,999, respectively, (recorded as netting in the related asset accounts on the balance sheets) and income-related grants of $17,413 and $78,162, respectively.

 

The Company has elected to apply an accounting policy by analogy to IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, which is commonly accepted in practice under GAAP. The Company believes that this policy appropriately reflects the economic substance of the transactions and enhances comparability with other industry participants.

 

(12)Leases

 

The Company has entered into various operating and finance lease agreements for certain office spaces, transportation equipment and office equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception and records the leases in the financial statements upon lease commencement, which is the date when the underlying asset is made available for use by the lessor.

 

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and elected to utilize the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single combined lease component.

 

The Company also elected the short-term lease exception, except for real estate, and therefore only recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year. When determining lease terms, the Company factors in options to extend or terminate leases when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

 

Both operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities, as well as finance lease right-of-use assets and finance lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.

 

F-14

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

Lease expenses for operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and classified as cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expenses depending on the nature of the leased asset. Depreciation expense on the right-of-use assets arising from finance leases are recognized over the lease term and classified as cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expenses depending on the nature of the leased asset. Interest expenses on finance lease liabilities are recognized as interest expenses in the statements of operations over the lease term.

 

(13)Equipment Maintenance Activities

 

The Company incurs maintenance costs on its major equipment. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

 

(14)Other Assets

 

Other assets (current and non-current) consist of prepaid expenses, value added tax, advance payments and leasehold deposits.

 

(15)Research and Development and Advertising

 

Research and development and advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs amounted to $163,496 and $188,492 in 2025 and 2024, respectively. Advertising costs amounted to $28,082 and $3,666 in 2025 and 2024. Such costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the statement of profit or loss.

 

(16)Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee-related costs, depreciation on buildings and equipment, amortization of right-of-use assets, professional and service fees, lease and utilities expense.

 

(17)Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is more likely than not that sufficient taxable income will be available to realize the related tax benefits.

 

The Company recognizes and measures uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return utilizing a two-step process. In the first step, recognition, we determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step addresses measurement of a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not criteria. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that has a likelihood of greater than 50 percent of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU became effective on a prospective basis for the Company for the year-end December 31, 2025. The effect of ASU 2023-09 is reflected in Note 10.  Management has concluded that the adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

 

The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

 

F-15

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

(18)Defined Severance Benefits

 

The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees upon their retirement in accordance with the Retirement Benefit Security Act of Korea. For executives, the retirement allowance is applied in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation. Eligible employees and executives with one or more years of service are entitled to severance payments upon termination of employment, based on their length of service and pay rate.

 

The Company recognizes the net funded status of its pension plans in the balance sheets, measured as the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets, with corresponding changes recognized in earning or other comprehensive income. Under ASC 715, service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, and the amortization of actuarial gains or losses and prior service cost are recognized in Net Income. Actuarial gains and losses and prior service cost arising from plan amendments are initially recorded in Other Comprehensive Income and subsequently amortized into Net Income in accordance with ASC 715.

 

The obligations are measured annually, or more frequently if there is a remeasurement event, based on our measurement date utilizing various actuarial assumptions and methodologies. The Company uses certain assumptions including, but not limited to, the discount rates, salary growth rates, and certain employee-related factors, such as turnover, retirement age and mortality. The Company uses the discount rate based on observations of relevant corporate bonds in the market.

 

The Company reviews actuarial assumptions and makes modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate. The Company has adopted an amortization approach and the net cumulative gain or loss at the beginning of the period in excess of the corridor is amortized into net periodic benefit cost on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service period of the employees participating in the plan.

 

(19)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

 

(20)Commitments and Contingencies

 

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

 

(21)Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company measures the redeemable convertible preferred stock and dissenting shareholder appraisal rights at fair value.

 

The Company uses valuation approaches that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market.

 

F-16

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels (see Note 6):

 

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

 

Level 2: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

 

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

 

(22)Foreign Currency

 

The functional currency of the Company is the Korean Won. Transactions in foreign currency occur from overseas sales and purchases and are conducted in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the Company at the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Transaction gains and losses are included in “Gain/Loss on foreign currency” in the statements of operations. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date, which are included in the Gain/Loss on foreign currency in the statements of operations. As of December 31, 2025, net asset underlying the foreign currency-denominated value are $158,167. As of December 31, 2024, net asset underlying the foreign currency-denominated value are $277,812.

 

Assets and liabilities of the Company are translated into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency, at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for the Company are translated into U.S. dollars using average rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Currency translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” a separate component of Stockholders’ deficit.

 

(23)Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The standard requires disclosure of specific categories of an entity’s income tax expenses and income taxes paid among other disclosures. We adopted ASU 2023-09 for 2025 on a prospective basis, and upon adoption, the guidance did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, as the guidance pertains to disclosure only. Refer to Note 10 — “Income Taxes” for additional information.

 

In 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, which provides entities with a practical expedient permitting the use of current conditions as of the balance sheet date without incorporating expectations of future economic changes when developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses.

 

The Company has elected to apply January 1, 2025, the practical expedient under ASU 2025-05. Consistent with this guidance, the Company does not incorporate forward-looking macroeconomic forecasts in its measurement of expected credit losses. Instead, the Company utilizes a historical roll-rate methodology based on the most recent three years of aging data to estimate expected credit losses on trade receivables. This approach aligns with the recent amendments, which permit credit loss estimates to be based solely on current conditions and observable historical loss experience. Under this framework, the Company’s existing roll-rate model remains appropriate, and no additional forward-looking assumptions are required beyond the Company’s historical collection patterns.

 

Accordingly, the Company’s adoption of ASU 2025-05 did not have a material impact on its financial statements

 

F-17

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

(24)New Accounting Standards and Interpretations Not Yet Adopted

 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The standard requires to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. The Company has not yet completed its detailed assessment of the impact of this standard. Management is currently evaluating the potential effects of the new disclosure requirements on the Company’s financial statement presentation and related disclosures. At this time, the Company has not identified any material impact on its financial statements; however, the evaluation remains ongoing.

 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments. This ASU clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as induced conversions. ASU 2024-04 is effective for the Company’s annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Adoption is either with a prospective method of transition or a retrospective method of transition that is retrospective to the later of the beginning of earliest period presented and the date the entity adopted ASU 2020-06. Early adoption is permitted for all entities that have adopted ASU 2020-06. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2024-04 to have a material effect on its financial statements.

 

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10 Government Grants (Topic 832), which establishes the first comprehensive U.S. GAAP guidance for business entities on the recognition, measurement, and presentation of government grants. This new standard addresses the historical absence of explicit GAAP guidance that led many entities to analogize to IAS 20 or other models.

 

The guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2028, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and one year later for all other entities. Early adoption is permitted.

 

The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements.

 

2. Significant Risks and Uncertainties Including Business and Credit Concentrations

 

The Company manufactures components for automotive and home appliance magnets. The Company’s main products are plastic magnets and rubber magnets.

 

The Company has a single operating segment and as of the end of the reporting period, assets and liabilities of the segment are the same as presented in financial statements.

 

F-18

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

2. Significant Risks and Uncertainties Including Business and Credit Concentrations (cont.)

 

The following table disaggregates revenue by category.

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Revenue by category        
Products  $5,432,286    4,941,810 
Merchandise   933,499    1,046,619 
Toll processing(*)   7,985    62,838 

 

 

(*)

This revenue corresponds to toll-processing revenue and relates to transactions in which the company purchases goods from the customer, Coreindus Co., Ltd., for consideration, performs processing, and then sells the processed goods. Because the company does not have control over the inventory in these transactions, the revenue is recognized on a net basis as an agent.

 

During 2025, domestic sales are approximately $5,877,248 (or 92% of total net revenue) and export sales are approximately $496,522 (or 8% of total net revenue).

 

During 2024, domestic sales are approximately $5,534,777 (or 91% of total net revenue) and export sales are approximately $516,491 (or 9% of total net revenue).

 

The major export countries are China and Vietnam. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the major export countries were China ($456,424 or 92%) and Vietnam ($18,692 or 4%)

 

Sales to a small number of major customers account for the majority of the Company’s total net revenue. If orders from existing major customers decrease, there is a possibility of a loss of sales, which may adversely affect business results.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the customers accounting for 10% or more of total revenue are Customer A and Customer B, with revenues of $2,854,759 (or 45% of total net revenue) and $1,296,620(or 20% of total net revenue), respectively.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the customers that accounted for 10% or more of total revenue are Customer A and Customer B, with revenues of $2,238,762(or 37% of total net revenue) and $1,300,954(or 21% of total net revenue), respectively.

 

The following table disaggregates trade accounts receivable by major customers.

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Customer A  $31,798    (2)%   190,048    (14)%
Customer B   927,335    (61)%   620,307    (45)%
Total  $959,133    (63)%   810,355    (59)%

 

3. Trade Accounts Receivable, net

 

(1)Allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Allowance for credit losses (ACL)  $(33,140)   (10,297)

 

F-19

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

3. Trade Accounts Receivable, net (cont.)

 

(2)The following is a summary of the changes in allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

  2025   2024 
(in US dollars)  Trade
Receivables
   Trade
Receivables
 
Beginning  $(10,297)   (63,028)
Recoveries       48,485 
Provision for credit losses   (22,792)    
Others   (51)   4,246 
Ending  $(33,140)   (10,297)

 

(3)The following is contract liabilities representing the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services to customers for which consideration has been received. There are no contract assets representing the Company’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customers as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. These are presented within other current liabilities.

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Contract liabilities  $78,546     

 

4. Non-trade Accounts Receivable and Payable

 

(1)Non-trade accounts receivable

 

The Company disaggregates the non-trade account receivable by type of financing receivable when assessing and monitoring risk and performance of the entire portfolio.

 

Short-term loan receivables are unsecured and generally have terms of one year, requiring payments of principal and interest at maturity. Other receivables generally represent receivables from repurchase/resale transaction and are unsecured, and they generally have terms of less than one year, requiring payments of principal at maturity.

 

The amortized cost basis of non-trade account receivable, net as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Non-trade account receivable, net:        
Short-term loan receivable  $10,154    13,993 
Short-term loan receivable (related parties)   98,383    62,020 
Other receivables   174,097    982,411 
Toll Processing   150,069    977,573 
Other   24,028    4,838 
Other receivables (related parties)   652,168    1,577,693 
Toll Processing   652,168    1,577,693 
Other        
Total  $934,802    2,636,117 

 

There was no allowance for credit losses related to non-trade account receivable recorded as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

F-20

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

4. Non-trade Accounts Receivable and Payable (cont.)

 

(2)Non-trade accounts payable

 

The balances of non-trade accounts payable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Non-trade account payable, net:        
Other payables   117,425    994,381 
Toll Processing   75,372    966,167 
Other   42,053    28,214 
Other payables (related parties)   872,987    2,149,361 
Toll Processing   839,558    2,148,045 
Other   33,429    1,316 
Total  $990,412    3,143,742 

 

5. Inventories

 

Details of Inventories as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Raw materials  $208,960    150,252 
Indirect materials   98,690    160,528 
Inventory in transit   29,747     
Work in process   162,981    345,690 
Finished goods   454,565    356,757 
Merchandise   28,592    51,193 
Sub-total   983,535    1,064,420 
Write-down of raw materials   (790)   (1,057)
Write-down of Indirect-materials   (32,255)   (13,964)
Write-down of Work in process   (5,263)    
Write-down of finished goods   (39,344)   (67,796)
Total  $905,883    981,603 

 

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the inventory provision was $77,652 and $82,817 respectively. There was provision of $(-)7,255 and $10,449 incurred during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

 

6. Fair Value Measurements

 

(1)Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are reported in one of three levels reflecting the significant inputs used to determine fair value.

 

  Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets as of the reporting date.

 

  Level 2 — Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. These are inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date.

 

  Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data and may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value.

 

F-21

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

6. Fair Value Measurements (cont.)

 

(2)The following summarizes our financial liabilities that are measured at fair value:

 

(in US dollars)  Classification  Measurement
Level
  2025   2024 
Redeemable convertible preferred stock (RCPS)  Financial liabilities  Level 3  $    1,007,641 
Dissenting shareholder appraisal rights (DSAR)  Share repurchase
liabilities
  Level 3   109,566     

 

(3)The following table summarizes changes in the redeemable convertible preferred stock and dissenting shareholder appraisal rights during 2025 and 2024:

 

   2025   2024 
(in US dollars)  RCPS   DSAR   RCPS   DSAR 
Beginning January 1  $1,007,641        1,228,062     
Loss (Gain) in fair value   (114,768)   110,543    (74,950)    
Conversion to common shares   (950,189)            
Changes in foreign currency translation   57,316    (977)   (145,471)    
Ending December 31       109,566    1,007,641     

 

The change in fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock resulted in a gain of $114,768 and $74,950 for the year ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, which was recognized in the statements of operations within loss and gain on valuation of redeemable convertible preferred stock. Redeemable convertible shares were converted to common shares during the year ended December 31, 2025.

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s liability related to dissenting shareholder appraisal rights (“DSAR put option”) is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy due to the use of significant unobservable inputs. The change in fair value of the DSAR put option resulted in a loss of $110,543 for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was recognized in the statements of operations within loss on share repurchase liabilities.

 

(4)The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, commercial paper notes, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to their short maturities.

 

Our short-term and long-term debt are recorded at amortized cost. The carrying amount of the long-term debt approximates its fair value as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, due primarily to the interest rates approximating market interest rates.

 

(5)Redeemable convertible preferred stock (RCPS)

 

The Company estimated the fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock using the Tsiveriotis-Fernandes model with strip and bootstrapping method. The fair value is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on stock price volatility of similar listed companies.

 

F-22

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

6. Fair Value Measurements (cont.)

 

Quantitative information as of December 31, 2024 for the significant unobservable inputs of redeemable convertible preferred stock used to value the Company’s Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value:

 

   Unobservable
Inputs
  Assumptions  Factors 
December 31, 2024  Volatility  Mean of the annual volatility of proxy companies   45.8%
   Risk neutrality probability, max  Dynamic hedge for each node   48.8%

 

As of December 31, 2025, there were no liabilities required to be measured at fair value, as the redeemable convertible preferred stock, which matured in May 2025, was automatically converted into common stock upon maturity.

 

For the fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock, reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the significant unobservable inputs, holding other inputs constant, would have the following effects in the statement of profit or loss.

 

   2025   2024 
(in US dollars)  Increase   Decrease   Increase   Decrease 
Volatility of underlying stock price (+/-10%p)  $        (21,095)   21,060 
Underlying stock price (+/-5%p)           (31,312)   31,312 

 

(6)Valuation of DSAR Put Option

 

The DSAR put option represents a freestanding financial instrument that provides dissenting shareholders with the right to require the Company to repurchase their shares at a predetermined price, contingent on closing of the Share Exchange Agreement described in Note 14. The Company accounts for this instrument as a derivative liability measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.

 

The fair value of the DSAR put option is determined using a valuation model based on the difference between:

 

1)the present value of the expected cash settlement amount (including statutory interest), and

 

2)the present value of the underlying share value to be received in a share exchange transaction

 

The valuation incorporates significant assumptions, including:

 

1)expected cash settlement value based on contractual terms and statutory interest rates

 

2)estimated fair value of the Company’s shares

 

3)probability of occurrence of the underlying transaction

 

4)discount rates reflecting the time value of money

 

Due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, the DSAR put option is classified as a Level 3 financial liability.

 

F-23

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

7. Property, plant and equipment

 

(1)Details of Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

         Accumulated   Carrying 
   Useful   Initial Cost   depreciation   Amount 
(in US dollars)  Lives   2025   2024   2025   2024   2025   2024 
Land      $666,242    650,333            666,242    650,333 
Buildings, structures and related equipment   20    545,392    502,995    (338,380)   (289,315)   207,012    213,680 
Machinery and equipment   6    928,119    1,001,196    (763,141)   (772,514)   164,978    228,682 
Vehicles   5    77,575    49,046    (36,097)   (29,610)   41,478    19,436 
Furniture and fixtures   5    39,465    38,522    (39,462)   (38,519)   3    3 
Construction in progress        20,008    37,354            20,008    37,354 
Tools and Office Equipment   5    855,366    805,010    (745,658)   (684,937)   109,708    120,073 
Finance lease right-of-use assets   5    148,839    148,753    (77,442)   (70,822)   71,397    77,931 
Total       $3,281,006    3,233,209    (2,000,180)   (1,885,717)   1,280,826    1,347,492 

 

Total depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $178,793 and $183,557, respectively.

 

(2)As of December 31,2025, the details of Property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral are as follows:

 

Collateral Provided Asset  Net
Carrying
Value
   Pledged
Amount
   Creditor  Relevant Debt
Amount
 
Land and buildings  $800,972    965,419   Industrial Bank of Korea   737,794 
Machinery and equipment   50,325              

 

8. Leases

 

The Company has operating leases for certain office spaces and finance leases for certain transportation equipment. Operating lease assets and liabilities are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities, respectively, on the balance sheets. Finance lease assets and liabilities are included in property, plant and equipment and finance lease liabilities, respectively, on the balance sheets.

 

The lease agreement of office space includes renewal options. Because the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these renewal options, the options are not considered in determining the lease term, and associated potential option payments are excluded from lease payments.

 

The Company’s leases generally do not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease contracts include fixed payments only.

 

(1)The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Operating lease expense  $    6,158 
Finance lease expense:          
Amortization of right-of-use assets   25,727    32,063 
Interest on lease liabilities   6,770    11,063 
Sub-total   32,497    43,126 
Short-term lease expense   751    783 
Total  $33,248    50,067 

 

F-24

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

8. Leases (cont.)

 

(2)Amounts reported in the balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Operating Leases:        
Operating lease right-of-use assets  $    4,616 
Long-term operating lease liabilities        
Current portion of long-term and short-term operating lease liabilities       4,616 
Total  $    4,616 
           
Finance Leases:          
Finance lease right-of-use assets  $148,839    148,753 
Less: Accumulated amortization assets   (77,442)   (70,822)
Total  $71,397    77,931 
Long-term finance lease liabilities  $36,706    56,506 
Current portion of long-term finance lease liabilities   29,191    30,598 
Total  $65,897    87,104 

 

(3)Other information related to leases as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:        
Cash used in operations for operating leases  $    6,158 
Cash used in operations for finance leases   40,172    40,904 
           
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:          
Operating leases  $    5,937 
Finance leases   39,960     
           
Reductions to ROU assets resulting from reductions to lease obligations:          
Operating leases       5,855 
Finance leases   48,476    32,063 
           
Weighted average remaining lease term:          
Operating leases       0.84 years 
Finance leases   2.64 years    2.54 years 
           
Weighted average discount rate          
Operating leases       6.83%
Finance leases   9.69%   10.03%

 

(4)Maturities of lease liabilities under noncancellable leases as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:

 

  2025 
(in US dollars)  Finance
Lease
 
2026  $34,280 
2027   24,990 
2028   6,411 
2029   6,411 
2030   2,718 
Thereafter    
Sub-total   74,810 
Less imputed interest   (8,913)
Total  $65,897 

 

F-25

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

9. Debt

 

(1)Short-Term debt

 

Details of carrying amounts of short-term debt as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars) Maturity Date  Interest
Rate
(%)
   Borrowing
Limit
   2025   2024 
November 2026(*)   5.61   $139,383   $139,383    136,054 
March 2026 – November 2026(*)   4.88 – 6.87    600,739    579,831    565,988 
April 2026(*)   4.98    139,383    139,383    136,054 
November 2026(*)   5.44    112,377    112,342    109,660 
May 2026(*)   6.46    348,456    323,367    315,646 
May 2026(*)   4.89 – 5.36    139,383    139,383    136,054 
August 2026(*)   6.05    348,456    348,456    340,136 
August 2026(*)   4.52    348,456    348,267    339,951 
June 2026   4.60    300,000    138,000    138,000 
May 2026 – June 2026   6.00    229,981    229,981     
       278,765        85,298 
Total            $2,498,393    2,302,841 

 

(*)The debt was borrowed from Industrial Bank of Korea, the primary owner of the Company.

 

The weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debts was 5.54% at December 31, 2025.

 

(2)Long-Term Debt

 

Details of carrying amounts of long-term debt as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars) Description  Maturity Date  Interest
Rate
(%)
   Borrowing
Limit
   2025   2024 
Working capital loans  March 2027   4.52   $125,444   $125,444    122,449 
Facility loans  September 2031   1.50    67,182    55,140    63,184 
Facility loans  March 2031   1.50    40,421    40,421    39,456 
Working capital loans  March 2026 – February 2027   3.13 – 3.17    557,530    110,294    288,965 
Working capital loans  March 2028   3.06    69,691    52,122    68,027 
Sub-total                383,421    582,081 
Less: current portion of long-term debt                (137,501)   (207,816)
Total               $245,920    374,265 

 

Future principal payments for long-term debt as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  Long-term
debt
 
Less than 1 year  $137,501 
Between 1 – 2 years   177,894 
Between 2 – 5 years   58,813 
Over 5 years   9,213 
Total  $383,421 

 

F-26

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

10. Income Taxes

 

We are subject to income taxation primarily in Republic of Korea. The Korean entities are subject to periodic or special tax examinations by the Republic of Korea tax authorities in accordance with the Framework Act on National Taxes. In general, the statute of limitations for corporate income tax in Korea is 5 years (it extends to 7 years for non-filing and 10 years for fraudulent activities). There are no ongoing tax audits or examinations by the Korean authorities.

 

(1)There are no income tax (benefit) expenses recorded attributable to current taxes and deferred taxes, except tax expenses (benefit) directly recorded in equity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

(2)The components of loss before income taxes are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Korea  $(545,212)   (372,026)

 

(3)Differences between the provision at the local statutory rate and the provision recorded are as follows:

 

  2025   2024 
(in US dollars)  Amount   Rate(%)   Amount   Rate(%) 
Taxes computed at the statutory rate  $(59,973)   11.0    (36,831)   9.9 
Differences resulting from:                    
Other non-deductible expense   (104)   (0.0)   (49,605)   13.3 
Tax credit   (43,277)   7.9         
Change in valuation allowance   103,354    (18.9)   78,816    (21.2)
Other           7,620    (2.0)
Income tax (benefit) expense  $             
Effective tax rate (%)                

 

Our resulting effective tax rate differs from the applicable statutory rate primarily due to changes in the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

 

The Company’s primary business operations are conducted in Korea and are subject to Korea’s corporate income tax law. Therefore, the Company applies the corporate income tax rate of Korea and do not apply the United States federal income tax rate.

 

(4)Income taxes of $109 were paid for the year ended December 31, 2025, and a tax refund of $19 was received for the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

(5)The income tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities were as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Deferred tax assets:        
Accrued vacation   15,931    11,733 
Lease liabilities   6,728    8,624 
Redeemable convertible preferred stock   115,485    101,453 
Retirement benefit   126,887    95,914 
Inventories   29,455    32,839 
Write-downs of inventories   12,093    15,438 
Land revaluation   47,402    41,643 
Net operating loss(NOL) carry-forward   186,988    114,492 
Tax credit carry-forward(*)   203,648    83,581 
Loss on share repurchase liabilities   12,052     

 

F-27

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

10. Income Taxes (cont.)

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Foreign currency translation   4,322     
Others   32,611    25,675 
Total deferred tax assets before VA   793,602    531,392 
Valuation allowance (VA)   (750,356)   (488,426)
Total deferred tax assets   43,246    42,966 
           
Deferred tax liabilities:          
Property, plant and equipment   (14,468)   (11,305)
Right-of-use assets   (7,333)   (7,715)
Accrued expense   (9,375)   (3,980)
Provision and allowances   (644)   (2,808)
Foreign currency translation       (7,502)
Notes Receivable   (9,612)   (8,444)
Others   (1,814)   (1,212)
Total deferred tax liabilities   (43,246)   (42,966)
Net deferred tax assets  $     

 

 

(*)R&D (Research and Development) Tax Credit

 

11. Uncertain Tax Positions

 

There are no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

12. Redeemable convertible preferred stock

 

In May 2015, the Company issued 37,500 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock (“RCPS”) with a 10-year maturity.

 

The details of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock are as follows:

 

Category   Details
Issuance Date   May 22, 2015
Outstanding shares   37,500 shares
Par Value   5,000 KRW (equivalent to $3.5)
Issuance Amount   750,000,000 KRW (equivalent to $522,685)
Conversion Price   20,000 KRW (equivalent to $13.9)
Conversion Period   From the day following the issuance date until 10 years later (Subsequently automatically converted to common stock)
Conversion Ratio   1 preferred share to 1 common share (certain adjustments may apply based on the IPO offering price)
Redemption Guaranteed Yield   Annual 5.8%
Redemption Claimable Period   After 42 months from the issuance date, until the conversion
Dividends   participating cumulative, annual 1%

 

F-28

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

12. Redeemable convertible preferred stock (cont.)

 

Upon the holder’s exercise of the redemption right during the year ended 2023, the RCPS became mandatorily redeemable in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. Therefore, the Company reclassified the RCPS to a financial liability. As of the reclassification date, the Company elected to measure the RCPS at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. See Note 6.

 

The automatic conversion of the RCPS to common equity in May 2025, resulted in derecognition of the RCPS liability through settlement via issuance of common shares. Immediately prior to conversion, the liability was remeasured to fair value as of the conversion date. As a result of the automatic conversion of 37,500 redeemable convertible preferred shares (conversion ratio: 1 preferred share to 1 common share, conversion price: KRW 20,000), the total number of issued and outstanding common shares increased to 289,055 as of the conversion date.

 

13. Other Operating Income

 

Other operating income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Government grant income  $17,413    78,162 
Income from the provision of technical services       10,612 
Brokerage income   4,518     
Rental income   17,213    17,947 
Gain on Disposal of Tangible Assets   21,954    34,265 
Other operating income       6,383 
Total  $61,098    147,369 

 

14. Stockholders’ Deficit

 

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has 1,043,720 authorized shares of which 289,055 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, with a par value KRW 5,000 per share. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had the same 1,043,720 authorized shares, of which 251,555 were common stock and 37,500 were redeemable convertible preferred stock, all issued and outstanding. The redeemable convertible preferred stock was converted into common stock during the current year.

 

Common Stock

 

Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and to receive dividends and, upon liquidation or dissolution, are entitled to receive all assets available for distribution to stockholders. The holders have no pre-emptive or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to such shares. Common stock is subordinate to the preferred stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, winding up and dissolution of the Company.

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income(loss)

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income(loss) is consist of foreign currency translation adjustments and actuarial gain on net liability of defined benefits. In case of the actuarial gain on liability of defined benefits, it is amortized into net periodic benefits cost on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service period of employees.

 

F-29

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

14. Stockholders’ Deficit (cont.)

 

Dissenting Shareholder Appraisal Rights

 

In connection with the share exchange transactions contemplated by the share exchange agreements dated February 10, 2025, as amended (collectively, the “Agreements”), by and among the Company, EMT Sub Co., Ltd. (“EMT Sub”), and the other operating companies party thereto, shareholders who formally dissented at the general meeting of shareholders held to approve the share exchange (the “Share Exchange EGM”) were granted statutory appraisal rights under the Korean Commercial Code (the “Appraisal Rights”).

 

Pursuant to the Agreements, dissenting shareholders may obtain the Appraisal Rights by delivering to the Company, within 20 days from the date of the Share Exchange EGM, a written notice identifying the class and number of shares for which appraisal rights are elected (the “Appraisal Shares”). Upon receipt of valid notice, the Company is contingently required to repurchase the Appraisal Shares within two (2) months, provided the Share Exchange remains in effect and the dissenting shareholder does not withdraw its notice (by mutual agreement with the Company), after which any unpaid amount will begin to accrue interest at a statutorily dictated 6% interest rate per annum. The repurchase price for the Appraisal Shares was $44.87 per share, as determined by mutual agreement between the Company and the applicable dissenting shareholder through the Agreements.

 

Management accounts for these appraisal rights as a liability under ASC 480 measured at fair value, with changes recognized in earnings, until the obligation becomes unconditional at merger close.

 

15. Defined Severance Benefits

 

(1)The following table sets forth the plan’s benefit obligations, fair value of plan assets, and funded status at December 31, 2025 and 2024;

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Benefit obligations  $1,225,225    1,004,416 
Fair value of plan assets   (241,288)   (215,091)
Funded status  $983,937    789,325 

 

(2)The following table summarizes changes in the defined severance benefits obligation including benefit costs and benefits paid during 2025 and 2024:

 

   Benefit obligations 
(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Beginning balance  $1,004,416    878,506 
Service cost   180,316    157,547 
Interest cost   21,412    20,840 
Actuarial loss   18,720    154,893 
Benefits paid   (22,460)   (81,263)
Others   22,821    (126,107)
Ending balance  $1,225,225    1,004,416 
           
Classification:          
Current  $641,226    498,968 
Non-current   583,999    505,448 

 

F-30

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

15. Defined Severance Benefits (cont.)

 

The following table summarizes changes in the plan assets during 2025 and 2024:

 

   Plan assets 
(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Beginning balance  $215,091    237,239 
Employer contribution   9,141    8,798 
Interest income   7,702    6,666 
Actuarial gain (loss)   4,279    (6,658)
Benefits paid        
Others   5,075    (30,954)
Ending balance  $241,288    215,091 

 

As of December 31, 2025, the plan assets consisted of 99.7% time deposits and 0.3% cash equivalents.

 

(3)Net periodic benefit cost recognized and other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in net loss.

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Service cost  $180,316    157,547 
Interest cost   13,710    14,174 
Amortization of net actuarial loss   58,490    57,067 
Net periodic benefit cost recognized  $252,516    228,788 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the service cost component is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses, interest cost is included in interest expense, and the amortization of net actuarial loss is included in other expense in the statements of operations.

 

(4)The following table summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive income(loss) for pension benefits during 2025 and 2024:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Beginning balance  $(770,079)   (665,595)
Net actuarial gain(loss), net of tax   (14,441)   (161,551)
Amortization of net actuarial loss   58,491    57,067 
Ending balance  $(726,029)   (770,079)

 

(5)Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

 

(in %)  2025   2024 
Discount rate   3.3%   3.2%
Rate of compensation increase   2.4%   2.4%
Expected rate of return on assets   2.9%   3.4%
Mortality rate – KIDI (Korea Insurance Development Institute)   0.003 – 0.017%   0.003 – 0.017%
Termination rate – KIDI under 300 employees   6.3 – 30.0%   6.3 – 30.0%
Salary scale – KIDI under 300 employees   1.8 – 4.7%   1.8 – 4.7%

 

F-31

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

15. Defined Severance Benefits (cont.)

 

(6)The expected maturity analysis of the Company’s undiscounted benefit obligation based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s benefit obligation as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Less than 1 year  $882,513    714,059 
Between 1 – 2 years   25,723    20,675 
Between 2 – 5 years   82,217    65,874 
Over 5 years   362,038    311,833 
Total  $1,352,491    1,112,441 

 

16. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:          
Cash receipt during the period for interest  $719    696 
Cash paid during the period for interest   (141,276)   (108,450)
Income taxes received(paid)   (109)   19 
           
Non-cash investing and financing activities:          
Obtaining a right-of-use asset in exchange for a lease liability   25,897    5,937 
Conversion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock   950,189     

 

17. Commitments and Contingencies

 

(1)Guarantees and Warranties

 

1)The list of payment guarantees provided by third parties to the Company as of December 31, 2025 is as follows:

 

(in US dollars) Provider  Type  Guaranteed
Amount
   Beneficiary
K-SURE (Korea Trade Insurance Corporation)  Trade Bill Loan  $89,902   Industrial Bank of Korea
KODIT (Korea Credit Guarantee Fund)  Operating Funds Loan   1,156,666   Industrial Bank of Korea
SGI (Seoul Guarantee Insurance)  Government Grant   11,004   Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency

 

2)The main commitments of short-term and long term debt with financial institutions as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:

 

(in US dollars) Financial Institution  Type  Credit Line   Used
Amount
 
Industrial Bank of Korea(*1)(*2)  Operating Funds Loan  $2,409,680    2,351,417 
KOSME (Korea SMEs and Startups Agency)  Operating Funds Loan   627,221    162,415 
Woori Bank  Operating Funds Loan   557,530     
Total     $3,594,431    2,513,832 

 

 

(*1)As of December 31, 2025, land, buildings, machinery, and equipment have been provided as collateral (with a secured amount of $965,419) for long-term debt (refer to Note 7,9) and joint guarantees issued for related parties (refer to Note 18).

 

(*2)As of December 31, 2025, the Company established pledge fire insurance claims (with a pledge amount of $741,201) (refer to Note 9).

 

F-32

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

18. Related Party Transactions

 

(1)The Company’s list of related parties is as follows:

 

Relationship   Name of Related Party
Primary owners with more than 10% of shares   Kim Kangyong (CEO)
    Kang Sunhee
    Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK)
Other parties with which the entity may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management   N&P Co., Ltd
Hi-Q MAG Co., Ltd.
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.
KCM INDUSTRY Co., Ltd.

 

(2)Transactions between the Company and its major shareholders or other related parties, involving sales of products and services, expenses for raw materials, and other ordinary course business expenses, are included in the financial statements.

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Net sales  $456,882    463,048 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   456,424    408,254 
N&P Co., Ltd   458    54,794 
Rental income   12,656    13,197 
N&P Co., Ltd   12,656    13,197 
Other operating income(*)   25,006     
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   12,936     
N&P Co., Ltd   2,227     
Hi-Q MAG Co., Ltd   9,843     
Interest income       7,343 
Industrial Bank of Korea       7,343 
Purchase of raw materials, merchandise   1,533,032    667,166 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.       201,771 
N&P Co., Ltd   234,076    392,813 
KCM INDUSTRY Co., Ltd.   

1,298,956

    72,582 
Subcontracting costs(**)   656,999    462,491 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   282,254    197,556 
N&P Co., Ltd       48,728 
Hi-Q MAG Co., Ltd   374,745    216,207 
Other expenses(***)   124,221    95,920 
Industrial Bank of Korea   121,221    87,670 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   3,000    2,092 
N&P Co., Ltd       6,158 

 

 

(*)Consists of income from the provision of technical services and brokerage income, gain on disposal of tangible assets.
  
(**)Consists of repurchase transactions where the Company sells raw materials to specific parties and repurchases them after they have been processed.

 

(***)Primarily consists of interest expense ($121,221 in 2025 and $87,670 in 2024)

 

F-33

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

18. Related Party Transactions (cont.)

 

(3)Amounts due from or to its officers, employees, and significant shareholders are as follows:

 

(in US dollars)  2025   2024 
Cash and cash equivalents(*)  $792,125    310,238 
Industrial Bank of Korea   792,125    310,238 
Trade accounts receivable   927,335    674,774 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   927,335    620,307 
N&P Co., Ltd       54,467 
Non-trade accounts receivable(**)   652,168    1,577,693 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   652,168    562,089 
N&P Co., Ltd       339,390 
Hi-Q MAG Co., Ltd.       671,071 
Trade accounts payable   1,428,229    640,450 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   733,345     
N&P Co., Ltd       345,450 
KCM INDUSTRY Co., Ltd.   694,884    295,000 
Non-trade accounts payables(***)   872,987    2,149,361 
Tianjin TNTT Co., Ltd.   549,175    792,972 
N&P Co., Ltd       450,350 
Hi-Q MAG Co., Ltd.   323,812    906,039 

 

 

(*)Cash held through Industrial Bank of Korea accounts

 

(**)Excluded short-term loan. Most of the amounts were generated from repurchase/resale transactions.

 

(***)Most of the amounts were generated from repurchase/resale transactions.

 

(4)Related party transactions between the Company, its officers, employees, and significant shareholders comprise loan, debt and redeemable convertible preferred stock. Amounts due from or to its officers, employees, and significant shareholders are as follows:

 

   2025   2024 
(in US dollars)  Short-term
loan
   Short-term
debt
   Long-term
debt
   Short-term
loan
   Short-term
debt
   Long-term
debt
 
Beginning  $62,020    2,088,903    215,728    34,568    2,538,334    119,746 
Increase(*)   106,333    

15,792

        64,955    12,669    131,967 
Decrease(*)   (71,177)   (9,675)   (15,792)   (30,792)   (160,941)   (12,669)
Others   1,206    51,045    5,417    (6,711)   (301,158)   (23,316)
Ending  $98,383    2,146,065    205,352    62,020    2,088,904    215,728 

 

 

(*)Increase reflects new issuances and reclassifications from long-term to short-term (liquidity replacement), while Decrease reflects repayments and reclassifications from short-term to long-term.

 

F-34

 

 

NS World Co., Ltd.
Notes to the Financial Statements

 

18. Related Party Transactions (cont.)

 

(5)The Company provides a guarantee for borrowing to entities under common control and related parties (individuals).

 

(in US dollars)  2025 
Guarantee to entities under common control  $397,240 
N&P Co., Ltd (Joint and several guarantee for borrowings)   397,240 
Guarantee to related parties (individuals)   165,031 
Kim Kangyong (CEO) (Joint and several guarantee for borrowings)   165,031 
Total   562,271 

 

(6)The Company received a guarantee for borrowings from related parties (individuals).

 

(in US dollars)  2025 
Guarantee from related parties (individuals)  $177,838 
Kim Kangyong (CEO) (Joint and several guarantee for borrowings)   177,838 

 

19. Subsequent Events

 

(1)Comprehensive share exchange and dissenting shareholders appraisal rights

 

The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the financial statements date through the date the financial statements were available to be issued.

 

In January 2026, the Company completed a comprehensive share exchange transaction pursuant to the approved share exchange agreement and became a wholly owned subsidiary of EMT Sub Co., Ltd.

 

Under the share exchange, all outstanding shares of the Company were transferred to EMT Sub in exchange for equity interests of EMT Sub. Existing shareholders of the Company received shares of EMT Sub at an exchange ratio of 0.009427 shares of EMT Sub for each share of the Company’s common stock. No cash consideration was paid in connection with the share exchange, except for payments related to dissenting shareholders.

 

Certain shareholders exercised their appraisal rights under the Korean Commercial Law. Shareholders were entitled to exercise such rights from May 16, 2025, the date of the notice of the shareholders’ meeting, through the closing of the shareholders’ meeting on June 2, 2025. As a result, the Company recognized a payable to dissenting shareholders in 2025.

 

The obligation to settle the appraisal rights remains with the Company; however, the funding required to satisfy such obligation is expected to be provided by Evolution Metals & Technologies Corp.

 

Upon the closing of the share exchange transaction in January 2026, the Company obtained shares of its parent company, Evolution Metals and Technologies Corp. (“EMAT”), in exchange for its outstanding shares. The Company intends to liquidate such shares and use the proceeds to settle the obligation to dissenting shareholders.

 

The payment amount was approximately $6.50 million as of the closing of the share exchange transaction and continues to accrue statutory interest until the actual payment date.

 

(2)Extension of borrowings

 

In March 2026, the Company extended the maturity of one of its borrowings from the Industrial Bank of Korea amounting to $188,166 (equivalent to KRW 270 million) by one year, with the revised maturity date falling in March 2027. In March 2026, the Company’s board also approved the extension of another of its borrowings from the Industrial Bank of Korea amounting to $139,383 (equivalent to KRW 200 million) by one year, with the revised maturity date falling in April 2027.

 

F-35